‫بنك استرشادي‬

‫لمادة االحصاء الحيوي‬

‫د‪.‬ماجدة احمد محمد‬
‫استاذ التمريض الباطني الجراحي‬
 Part I

MATCHING
 A
Abbreviations Answer Stands for
1. CBR 4 Crude death rate
2. GFR 5 Age specific death rate
3. CDR 3 Cause of death ratio
4. CDR 2 General fertility rate
5. ASDR 7 Infant mortality rate
6. MMR 9 Age specific fertility rate
7. IMR 1 Crude birth rate
8. NMR 8 Neonatal mortality rate
9. ASFR 6 Maternal mortality rate
10.CFR 10 Case fatality ratio

Part II
Choose the correct answer
Part II: Choose the correct answer:
1. The marks of 5 student at a class are as 18, 15,18,20,17. Calculate the mean
marks:
a. 14.5
b. 15.5
c. 16.5
d. 17.5
2. Consider the weights of 10 live births, 3 , 3.5 , 3 , 2.5 , 3,1.5 , 2, 4,1,5 kg, which
is the mode from grouped data:
a. 3.3
b. 3
c. 2.5
d. 4
3. Which of the following is continuous quantitative variable:
a. Arm circumference
b. Age last birth day
c. Respiratory rate
d. Family size
4. Frequency distribution tables are appropriate for :
a. Nominal variables only
b. Ordinal variables only
c. Both nominal and ordinal variables
d. Non nominal and ordinal
5. What is the first stage in statistics :
a. Summary data
b. Organize data
c. Collect data
d. Analyze data
6. An advantage of range :
a. Very sensitive
b. Doses not used all observation in data set
c. It is more informative than providing the minimum and maximum values.
d. Simple to calculate
7. A _______________ consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are
being studied.
a. Sample
b. Population
c. Study
d. Exam
8. The most commonly used measure of dispersion is :
a. Rang
b. Stander division
c. Variance
d. Quartile
9. For quantitative data, you should use ------- as a measure of central tendency?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Variance
10.If data arranged and has an odd number of observations, the median is equal
to:
a. The mean of all values
b. Cannot be determined
c. The average of the two middle values
d. Most frequently observation
11.Which of the following is true regarding the mode of a set of values?
a. It is most frequently occurring value
b. Is useful summary measure of location if the data has values
c. Cannot be calculated
d. Coincides with the stander deviation.
12.Advantage of sample include all the following except :
a. Reduce coast
b. Speed
c. Smaller scope
d. All continuous monitoring of population
13.All of the following variables are categorical except :
a. Serum bilirubin
b. Socidemographic data
c. Religions
d. Present history
14.The weight of student in a school a
a. Discrete variables
b. Continuous variables
c. Quantitative variable
d. Constant variable
15.Frequency distribution of quantitative continuous variable is the best shown
by :
a. Scatter diagram
b. Histogram
c. Bar chart
d. Pie chart
16.A histogram is said to be symmetric if a vertical line is drawn down the center
of his histogram. Two sides are identical in the:
a. Shape only
b. Size only
c. Shape and size
d. Shape only
17.The process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire
population
a. Sampling frame
b. Sampling
c. Sample
d. Simple random sample
18.In general, as sample size increases,
a. Sampling error increases.
b. Sampling error decreases.
c. Sampling error will remain the same regardless of changes in sample size.
d. None of the above.
19.What is the mode and mean for the following set of numbers?
{4,9,8,2,16,4,4,8,9,6}
a. mean = 7, mode =8
b. mean = 7, mode =4
c. mean = 6, mode =8
d. mean = 8, mode =9
20.What is the most commonly used statistical measure of spread in a normally-
distributed population?
a. Standard deviation
b. Covariance
c. Variance
d. Z score

21.What is the range of a distribution .The distance from the?

a. Median to the highest score.
b. Mean to the highest score.
c. Lowest to the highest score.
d. Mode to the highest score.

22.Data on the result of an exam in high school was collected. Which of the
following BEST describes this form of visual representation of data?
a. Pie chart
b. Histogram
c. Bar chart
d. line chart

23. What is statistical significance . The likelihood that a statistic is?

a. Highly important.
b. Not important.
c. Did not occur by chance
d. Relevant to the analysis.
24.You are interested in how stress affects heart rate in humans. Your dependent
variable would be the _____.
a. Interest
b. Heart rate
c. Humans
d. Stress
25.Which of the following definitions is the definition of the MEAN?
a. Largest value.
b. Value that half of the entries are below and half of the entries are above.
c. Value that has the highest frequency.
d. Average calculated by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of entries.
26.Which of the following definitions is the definition of the MEDIAN?
a. Value that half of the entries are below and half of the entries are above.
b. Value that has the highest frequency.
c. Largest value.
d. Average calculated by adding up all the values and dividing by the number of entries.
27.Ahistigram is said to be symmetric if a vertical line is drawn down the center
of his histogram:

a. Two sides are identical in the shape only

b. Two sides are identical in the size only
c. Two sides are identical in the shape and size
d. Two sides are different in the shape only
28.For a dataset of 25,18,5,12,24 ,and 16,the mean is :
a. 12
b. 16.7
c. 20.5
d. 18

29.For a data set of 10,14,16,22,12,and 19,the range is

a. 10
b. 11
c. 12
d. 13
30. Which of the following is a way of increasing the power of a hypothesis test?
a. Increasing the sample size.
b. Choosing always the 10% of the population.
c. Using a stratified sampling technique.
d. Decreasing the sample size.
31.From the following set of weight measurements: 40,45,32,50,55,58 Kg. The range
is:
a. 30
b. 26
c. 15
d. 27
32.The concept of ………. Is used by nutritionists to develop standard charts for
specific countries.
a. Mode
b. Range
c. Percentiles
d. Variance
33. ………... measures how precisely the population mean is estimated by the sample
mean.
a. Standard deviation
b. Average deviation
c. Mean
d. Standard error
34.Advantages of sampling:
a. Reduces manpower requirements
b. Greater accuracy
c. A&B
d. None of the above
35.When the disease or health problem under study is not uniformly distributed
within the different variables it is suitable when the population under the study
id heterogenous ( not similar in structure ) to use:
a. Non-probability samples
b. Simple random sample
c. Cluster sample
d. Stratified random sample
 36.The first sample is randomly chosen, then every (n) individual is taken until the
end of list this is done in :
a. Stratified random sample
b. Systemic random sample
c. Simple random sample
d. None of the above
37.Case fatality rate is dealing with:
a. Total deaths from certain diseases
b. Total deaths for all diseases
c. Total deaths for certain age
d. None of all the above
38.Medical records are important in:
a. good teaching material for medical personnel
b. using as documents necessary for offenses
c. decision making
d. all of the above
39. When there is little or no documentation:
a. procedures are consistent
b. continuity is maintained
c. standards disappear
d. morale increases
40.To record the number of days of stay of each patient and then to calculate the
mean this is called:
a. Bed occupancy ratio
b. Averages (mean) length of stay
c. Percentage bed occupancy
d. None of the above
41.Bed occupancy ratio is total no. of patients’ days during a specified period X 100
divided by:
a. Total no. of bed days during the same period
b. Total number of discharges
c. No. of beds during the same period
d. None of the above
42.Medical records must be:
a. Available for the relatives of the patients
b. Top secret and confidential documents
c. Available when require by anyone
d. None of the above
43.……. Is the best suitable graph for presentation of height in meters for secondary
school students.
a. Simple bar chart
b. Line graph
c. Histogram
d. Pie charts
44.……. Is the best suitable graph for presentation of infant mortality rate in Egypt
over 10 years
a. Simple bar chart
b. Line graph
c. Histogram
d. Pie charts
45.……. Is the best suitable graph for presentation of social class ( high, middle or
low) level.
a. Simple bar chart
b. Multi-component bar chart
c. Line graph
d. Histogram
46.…… is the best suitable graph for presentation of blood groups by gender among
blood donors.
a. Pie chart
b. Multiple bar chart
c. Line graph
d. Histogram
47. …… is the best suitable graph for presentation of hypertension status
( presence/ absence) among patients admitted to internal medicine department.
a. Pie chart
b. Multiple bar chart
c. Line graph
d. Frequency polygon
48.…… is the best suitable graph for presentation of weight on kilograms for
pregnant women.
a. Pie chart
b. Multiple bar chart
c. Line graph
d. Frequency polygon

49.The following is an example of quantitative continuous data:

a. Body temperatures
b. Number of deliveries
c. Educational levels ( illiterate, basic or university education)
d. Gender
50.The following is an example of quantitative discrete data:
a. Height in meters
b. Pulse rate
c. Severity of pain ( mild, moderate, severe )
d. Blood group ( A, B .AB, O)
51.The following is an example of qualitative ordinal data:
a. Levels of success ( failed, fair. Good, excellent)
b. Number of children
c. Weight in kilograms
d. Gender
52.The following is an example of qualitative nominal data:
a. Pulse rate
b. Marital status
c. Height in meters
d. Hypertension stage
53.The value of the mean equals
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. There is no mean for this data set

54.The value of the median equals

a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. There is no median for this data set
55.The value of the mode equals
a. 4
b. 3
c. 5
d. There is no mode for this data set
56.Frequency distribution tables are appropriate for :
a. Nominal variables
b. Ordinal variables
c. Both Nominal and Ordinal variables
d. Neither nominal not ordinal variables
57. Which of the following statements is true regarding a sample?
a. It is a part of population
b. It must contain at least five observations
c. All of the above are correct
d. It refers to descriptive statistics
58.The science of statistics includes which of the following:
a. Presenting data
b. Organizing data
c. Interpreting data
d. All of the above
59.A nominal scale variable is
a. May assume negative values
b. Usually the result of counting something
c. Has a meaningful zero point
d. Cannot have more than two categories
60.The ordinal scale of measurement
a. Is based on ranks
b. Has a meaningful zero point
c. Cannot assume negative values
d. All of the above
61.A qualitative variable
a. Is not numeric
b. Always refers to a sample
c. Has only two possible outcomes
d. All of the above are correct
62.In descriptive statistics our main objective is to
a. Compute an average
b. Describe the data we collected
c. Describe the population
d. Infer something about the population
63.The ratio scale of measurement
a. Has a meaningful zero point
b. Usually involves ranking
c. Is usually based on counting
d. Cannot assume negative values
64.Which of the following statements is true regarding a population?
a. It is a collection individuals, objects, or measurements
b. It must be a large number of values
c. It must refer to people
d. Non of the above
65.Which of the following are examples of continuous variables?
a. Age of the CEOs of the Fortune 500 companies
b. Distance between tollbooths on the New Jersey Turnpike
c. Birth weight of babies
d. All of the above
66.A discrete variable is
a. Can assume only certain clearly separated values
b. An example of a qualitative variable
c. Can assume only whole number values
d. Cannot be negative
67.What is the level of measurement of the Celsius temperature scale?
a. Interval.
b. Ordinal.
c. Nominal.
d. Ratio.
 68.What is the third quartile of this distribution of numbers: 12, 15, 15, 16, 17, 18,
20, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 28, 28, 28, 29, 32?
a. 27
b. 23
c. 17.5
d. 28
69.Which measure of central tendency takes into account the magnitude of scores?
a. Median
b. Range
c. Mode
d. Mean
70.The median of an ordered set of data is the value that represents
a. The mean of the squared deviations of the values from the mean
b. The most frequently observed value
c. The arithmetic average of the data values
d. The middle or approximate middle of the data set
71.A measure of central tendency, given as the value above which half of the
values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ______________.
a. Maxima
b. Mode
c. Median
d. Mean
72.What is the median of the following set of scores? 19, 5, 12, 10, 14?
a. 10
b. 14
c. 19
d. 12
73. On his first 5 biology tests, Bob received the following scores: 72, 86, 92, 63, and
What test score must Bob earn on his sixth test so that his average (mean score) for
all six tests will be 80
a. 90
b. 86
c. 95
d. 80
74. Following are the disadvantages of Mean except
a. Does not possess the desired algebraic property
b. Cannot be computed if there are missing values due to omission or non-response.
c. Easily affected by extreme values
d. In grouped data with open-ended class intervals, the mean cannot be computed
75. Which of the following is NOT a common measure of central tendency?
a. Mean
b. Mode
c. Median
d. Range
76. There are two methods of finding mode in discrete series
a. Mid point method and table method
b. Descending method and grouping method
c. Inspection method and grouping method
d. Ascending method and grouping method
77. Following are the partition values except
a. Deciles
b. Quartile
c. Mode
d. Percentile
78.The tendency of the observations to concentrate around a/an ____________ is
known as central tendency.
a. central point
b. randomly selected point
c. beginning point
d. end point
79.Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?
a. Range
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Mean
 80.The arithmetic mean of a set of observations is their _________ divided by the
number of observations.
a. product
b. difference
c. sum
d. division
81.Distribution is/are the value of the variable that divides it into two equal parts.
a. Percentiles
b. Quartile
c. Deciles
d. Median
82.____________ is the value of the variate that has the maximum frequency in a
data series.
a. Median
b. Mean
c. Mode
d. Quartile
83.If a curve is drawn for a frequency distribution, the value of variable at which
the curve reaches its peak, or maximum value, is the____________.
a. mode
b. median
c. quartile
d. mean
84.After data are arranged in an ordered sequence, ____________ divide/divides
it into four equal parts.
a. quartiles
b. deciles
c. percentiles
d. median
85.____________ divide/divides the data in one hundred equal parts.
a. Median
b. Quartiles
c. Percentiles
d. Deciles
 86.The method of generalizing data collected from a few units out of the entire
population is called _____.
a. Sample method
b. Probability
c. Median
d. Census method
87.Which sampling is also known as Judgment sampling
a. Purposive sampling
b. Systematic random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Stratified sampling
88.Following are the method of collecting primary data except _____.
a. Stratified sampling
b. Information through correspondents
c. Mailed questionnaire method
d. Direct personal interviews
89.Collection of data includes ________.
a. Collecting valuable data from variety of sources
b. Method of collecting data
c. Only collecting of information.
d. Regeneration of data form the actual one
90.The two ways of collecting information on the basis of questionnaire are --.
a. Mailing method and enumerators method
b. Mailing method and numerators method
c. Mail method and informants method
d. Mail method and correspondent method
91.Which of the following is the difference between primary and secondary data?
a. Secondary data is more costly and time consuming
b. They always have same objectives
c. Secondary data is original whereas primary data is not
d. Primary data is more reliable than secondary data
 92.Some questions be asked from informants on trial basis, if their answers
involve some difficulty these can be reframed accordingly .Such testing is
called-----
a. Cluster Survey
b. First hand survey
c. Pen survey
d. Pilot survey
93.Data originally collected in the process of investigation are known as
a. Foreign data
b. Primary data
c. Third data
d. Secondary data
94.________ are those which are already in existence and which might be collected
for some purpose other than the answering of the question in hand.
a. Direct data
b. Basic data
c. Primary data
d. Secondary data
95.Cluster sampling means
a. Sample is divided into number of sub-groups
b. Sample are selected at regular interval
c. Sample is obtained by conscious selection
d. Universe is divided into groups

96.The method of generalizing data collected from a few units out of the entire
population is called _____.
a. Sample method
b. Probability
c. Median
d. Census method

97.Which of the following is true regarding secondary source of data?

a. Collection of data from sources who already have collected the data.
b. It implies collection of data from its original source
c. Can rely on this data as compare to primary data
d. It provides first hand information
98.It is a complete set of items that is being studied
a. Census
b. Population
c. Sample
d. Investigator

99.What do statisticians call birth, death, marriage, and divorce?

a. Vital statistics
b. Census categories
c. Sample surveys
d. General records

100. From 2006-2010, the median age at diagnosis for cancer of the lung and
bronchus was 70 years of age.
a. Survey
b. Vital Records
c. Claims Data
d. Disease Registry
101. In 2011, there were a total of 3,953,590 births in the United States. The
birth rate for teenagers aged 15-19 fell 8% from 2010 to 2011.
a. Surveillance
b. Disease Registries
c. Vital Records
d. Population Survey
102. Random sample is consists of individuals from the population chosen in
such a way that every individual has an equal chance of being selected.
a. Systematic
b. Simple
c. Stratified
d. Clustered
103. Sample, First divide the population into groups of similar individuals,
called strata
a. Systematic
b. Simple
c. Stratified
d. Clustered
 104. Used to determine how effective is a control program. It is an indicator
for seriousness of the disease:
a. Case Fatality Rate
b. Case Fatality Ratio
c. Case Fertility Ratio
d. Case Fertility Rate

105. Rate measures the status of the disease in the population:

a. CBR
b. Prevalence
c. Incidence
d. CFR

106. Is a characteristic that takes on different values in different persons,

places, or things.:
a. Population
b. Variable
c. Sample
d. Data

107. Is the data which has been processed in some meaningful and useful
manner.
a. Data
b. Information
c. Knowledge
d. Concepts

108. Evaluating Hospital Performance in terms of efficiency & quality , is

one of the uses of statistics for:
a. Nursing staff
b. Hospital administrators
c. Medical staff
d. Outside agencies
109. Data on the result of an exam in high school was collected. Which of the
following BEST describes this form of visual representation of data?
a. Pie chart
b. Histogram
c. Bar chart
d. line chart
110. This equation is used to measure:
a. GFR
b. CBR
c. CDR
d. IMR

111. This equation is used to measure:

a. GFR
b. CBR
c. CDR
d. IMR
 Part 1II
True or false
Put (T) in front of correct answer and (F ) in front of false one

Statement
1. The normal distribution curve is not symmetrical around the mean. F
2. The normal distribution curve means : the mean ,mode and median of T
normal distribution have the same value
3. Measures of central location & variations are used to summarize the F
qualitative data
4. Qualitative data is the only data that must be presented in tabular form F
5. Continuous the measurement of the different value of the variable are F
separated
6. Histogram is suitable for presenting both age and gender F
7. Descriptive value from population is called a statistic and a descriptive F
value for sample is called a parameter
8. Bar chart and pie charts are often used for qualitative data T
9. Pulse is a discrete quantitative variable T
10.The median is most suitable for nominal measures F
11.Range the distance from the mean to the highest score. F
12.Quality of life (poor,good,excellent)is an interval data F
13.Stratified random sampling is uded for homogenous population T
14.Level of blood urea is an example of quantitative continuous variables T
15. diastolic \systolic blood pressure is an example of continuous quantitative T
variables
16.Percentage of individual with blood group type A(20%) is a discrete F
quantitative data .
17.Contingency tables used in describing the relationship or association T
between two or more variables.
18.The average is the sum of the largest and the smallest observation in the T
 data
19. Sampling is the list of all sampling units in a population F
20.Nonprobability sampling methods provide one excellent way to select F
samples that will be quite representative.
21. The mode is the usual measure of central tendency when you're dealing T
with a nominal variable
22.In histogram ,the width of the bare depends on the intervals width and F
there is apace between the bars
23.A variable is a characteristic that takes on different values in different T
persons ,places, or things.
24.Variance is a measure of central tendency F
25.Stratified random sampling is non probability sampling technique F
26.Advantages of using random samples is to help to eliminate bias T
27.Mortality rates are used to measure disease affecting the population F
28.Infant mortality rate measure death of infant under two years ago F
29.We should determine the old cases in calculation of the prevalence rate T
30.In calculation of incidence rate ,old and new cases are included in the F
calculation
31.Mean is sensitive and might be affected by the extreme value T
32.Race is an example of qualitative nominal variables T
33.Median is unreliable as it does not used all observation in the data set T
34.Sex is an example of qualitative ordinal variables F
35.Multi-component bar chart used to present obesity status (smoking \non T
smoking )by hypertension
36.Age in years is an example of quantitative variables T
37.Median is calculated by the sum of all observation divided by number of F
total observation
38.Continuous quantitative variables are usual expressed in the form of T
numbers and obtained through measurements of i.e bed number
39.Census is the information about epidemiological characteristics of various F
disease
40.Qualitative variables are taken from qualities or names and cannot be T
expressed in the form of quantities or number
41.Cluster Random Sampling is used for selecting sample representing the whole F
community
42.Simple random sample the basic type of probability sampling, every member in F
the population has an equal chance of being selected in the sample
43.The accessible population is that group that is actually available for study by the T
researcher
44.Simple bar chart is more suitable to show more than set of data by grouping F
bars together
45.Mean is one of the measures of central tendency T
46.The line graph is the most suitable type to represent data when dealing with a T
time variable
47.Discrete quantitative variable takes integer or fractional values F
48.You examined the quality of chest x rays whether poor, fair, good this is F
nominal variable
49.The height of adult by centimeter ia an ordinal number T
50. Measures of dispersions are statistical measures which describe the position ofF
a distribution
51.Mean is based on all the values T
52.If the means of 2 data sets are the same,median,and mode must be the same F
Also.
53.A histogram is suitable for quantitative and qualitative variables F
54. Apie chart can reveal trends and relationships within the data F
55.Percentage of individuals with blood groups taype A(20%) is a discrete F
quantitative data
56.Statistics in health field is important for resource allocation T
57.Independent variables are reffed to as responses or end points F
58.Direct observation means the research collect data related to individuals T
behaviors towards a specific subjects
59.Direct source of collecting data is called historical sources as recording and F
documents and questioner
60.Medical staff uses statistics to conduct some clinical studies and research T
61.Blood pressure and temperature are considered discrete quantitative variables F
62. Vital static means the data collected the progression of human life T
63. You have to prevent yourself from self-selection during a study T
64. The indirect source is called historical sources T
65. Numerical presentation of data in form of tables may be understandable to F
all readers
66. Health Statistics is the type of statistics that specializes in the application and T
use of statistical methods in the health field
67. One of the advantages of questioner is saving time, effort and money. T
68. Incidence Rate total number of cases (new and old) of certain disease in F
certain locality and certain period of time
69. Prevalence Rate total number of new cases only of certain disease in certain F
locality and certain period of time
70. Morbidity Rates are used to measure diseases or health problems affecting theT
 population
71. Deaths that occur after birth, not before birth T
72. Constant data this type is of no statistical importance, such as normal person T
has 2 eyes...etc......
73.The target population is that group that is actually available for study by the F
researcher.
74.Probability sampling use of a random selection process to select a sample from T
members or elements of a population.