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ACAC Report 0810 - SM
ACAC Report 0810 - SM
Contribution of
the Pet Care Industry
to the Australian Economy
7th Edition, 2010
Proudly sponsored by
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
MEMBERSHIP
• Animal Health Alliance (Australia) Ltd (AHAA)
• Animal Welfare League Australia (AWLA)
• The Association of Pet Dog Trainers (APDT) Australia
• Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC)
• Australian Small Animal Veterinary Association (ASAVA)
• Australian Veterinary Association Ltd (AVA)
• Pet Food Industry Association of Australia (PFIAA)
• Pet Industry Association of Australia Ltd (PIAA)
• Petcare Information and Advisory Service Australia Pty Ltd (PIAS)
• Veterinary Manufacturers and Distributors Association (VMDA)
OBJECTIVES
To achieve this purpose the Australian Companion Animal Council will:
• Promote socially responsible pet ownership by endorsing or implementing community education
programs and conferences.
• Provide an effective voice against those who oppose socially responsible companion animal ownership.
• Publicise the benefits to the community of socially responsible companion animal ownership.
• Organise, co-ordinate and publicise studies and surveys about companion animal ownership.
• Be a spokesbody for socially responsible companion animal ownership.
• Participate in the legislative process where it affects companion animal ownership.
• Endorse or conduct national events promoting socially responsible companion animal ownership.
• Seek and maintain affiliation and co-operation with national and international organisations with
similar objectives.
The Australian Companion Animal Council Incorporated acknowledges the needs of pets, pet owners and
non-pet owners are all legitimate. These needs must be appreciated and integrated with society and the
environment to ensure that people and pets live harmoniously. ACAC also acknowledges people may not
want to interact with companion animals and this should be respected.
www.acac.org.au
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Contribution of
the Pet Care Industry
to the Australian Economy
7th Edition, 2010
Proudly sponsored by
Supported by
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Note: Disclaimer
This publication has been provided free of charge and has not been provided under the terms of any
contract, express or implied. The Australian Companion Animal Council Inc., Rockwell Communications
Pty Ltd and their representatives have prepared this publication on the basis of information available to
them. In doing so, the Australian Companion Animal Council Inc., Rockwell Communications Pty Ltd and
their representatives accept no legal responsibility for this publication’s contents. To the fullest extent
allowed by law, the Australian Companion Animal Council Inc., Rockwell Communications Pty Ltd and their
representatives exclude all liability in respect of the information and opinions expressed in this publication
Copyright ©
All copyright subsisting in the contents of this publication is owned by the Australian Companion Animal
Council Inc. and may not be reproduced without the prior consent of the Australian Companion Animal
Council Inc. Where permission is granted, it will be subject to the requirement that the Australian Companion
Animal Council Inc. is acknowledged on any reproduced or quoted material, whether in whole or in part.
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-9807614-0-5
Rockwell Communications
Director - Matthew Flugge
Consultancy services were provided by Justine Mackay.
Rockwell Communications
832 High Street, East Kew VIC 3102
[email protected]
ABN : 39135695644 / ACN: 135 695 644
This report was compiled from information supplied by the Australian Companion Animal Council, industry
sources and research companies.
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
CONTENTS
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
2 INTRODUCTION 11
2.1 Report Overview 11
2.2 Sources 11
4 Consumer expenditure 22
4.1 Summary 22
4.2 Dogs 23
4.3 Cats 25
4.4 Other Pets 26
5 pet food 27
5.1 Summary 27
5.2 Trends 28
5.3 Dog Food 28
5.4 Cat Food 30
5.5 Other pet food 31
5.6 Grocery and non-grocery sales of pet food 31
5.7 Employment 33
5.8 Exports 34
5.9 Imports 37
8 Pet purchases 48
8.1 Summary 48
8.2 Dogs 48
8.3 Cats 48
8.4 Other pets 49
9 veterinary services 50
9.1 Consumer expenditure 50
9.2 Overview of the veterinary industry 51
9.3 Manufacturing of veterinary products 52
9.4 Veterinary education 53
9.5 Professional industry bodies 53
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
10 pet services 55
10.1 Summary 55
10.2 Service providers 56
10.3 Estimated employment 56
10.4 Dogs 57
10.5 Cats 63
10.6 Pleasure horses 65
10.7 Native animals 67
10.8 Working dogs 69
10.9 Local Government 70
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
1 Executive Summary
The Australian Companion Animal Council is the leader and voice for the pet care industry on the benefits
of socially responsible pet ownership in the Australian community. With more pets living in Australia than
people, pets continue to be a significant part of our lives. This report has been prepared by ACAC and
outlines the value of the Australian pet industry to the Australian economy.
In 2009 there were 3.41 million dogs and 2.35 million cats, at an average of 16 dogs and 11 cats for every one
hundred people.
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
1994 1998 2002 2005 2007 2009
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
1994 1998 2002 2005 2007 2009
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
In 2009 the total number of pet birds was 8.1 million and in addition there were 1.06 million other pets,
including pleasure horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, reptiles and other small mammals.
The pet population breakdown across the states and territories mirrors the country’s population distribution.
New South Wales and Victoria account for 60% off all pets in Australia, and 59% of the country’s human
population (ABS, 2010).
Spending on dogs accounted for almost 60% or $3.6 billion, whilst cats accounted for 24% of the market and
expenditure of $1.4 billion.
All states and territories benefit from consumer expenditure on pet care products and services, with their market
share roughly equivalent to their proportion of the pet population.
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
In 2006 expenditure on pet care products, pet purchases and pet care services totalled $1.54 billion (ACAC,
2006). In 2009 this figure was $1.98 billion, a 28% increase over the previous three years or an average
annual growth rate of 9.3 percent.
Not only are pets wonderful companions they also provide significant psychological and physiological
benefits to owners. In addition, pets engender caring and responsibility in our children, improve
feelings of safety and help create social bridges in our communities.
The importance of the pet industry to Australia’s economy mirrors the personal importance of pets to people.
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Although the traditional dog and cat pet population is declining, the amount of money spent on our pets
continues to rise. This suggests that we are moving towards owning fewer pets, but spending more on them
as a reflection of not only our changing lifestyles but also advances in veterinary medicine and increased
choices in products and services.
Regrettably, at the same time increased high-density living, changing lifestyles and government legislation are
creating an environment in which pet ownership is under threat.
Because of the considerable benefits pets bring to individuals, the community and the economy, serious
attention must be given to the issues that may be contributing to limiting pet ownership. The needs of
pets, pet owners and non-pet owners are all legitimate. These needs must be considered, appreciated and
integrated into the society and the environment, in which we live so that people and pets can continue to live
together in harmony in our communities.
Socially responsible pet ownership in Australia is an important part of the Australian culture.
10
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Report overview
This is the seventh edition of the Australian Companion Animal Council’s report on the ‘Contribution of the Pet
Care Industry to the Australian Economy’.
The report seeks to provide an insight into not only the breadth and value of Australia’s pet care industry, but
also its importance to Australia and its population.
The report provides an updated evaluation on the importance of the pet care industry by assessing consumer
expenditure, employment, social benefits and trends across the following chapters:
Chapter 3: Pet population trends – This chapter details pet population numbers and trends within Australia at
a state and national level, and provides an international comparison with the United States of America and the
United Kingdom.
Chapter 4: Consumer expenditure in Australia – This chapter provides a summary of consumer expenditure
across the areas detailed in chapters five to nine, broken down by pet type.
Chapter 5: Pet food – Current sales statistics and trends in the pet food market are analysed in detail,
specifically the dominance of various distribution channels, sales of different types of pet food, consumption of
prepared and non-prepared pet food and premium pet food sales.
Chapter 6: Summary pet care products and services – This table summarises the spend on pet care
products, pet purchases and pet care services.
Chapter 7: Pet care products – This chapter provides an overview of the sales of pet care and health care
products by type, the distribution channels through which they are sold and examples of unit prices for
commonly bought products.
Chapter 8: Pet purchases – This chapter provides an overview of the number of pets sold through pet stores,
the RSPCA, animal shelters, aquariums and breeders.
Chapter 9: Veterinary services – Consumer expenditure on veterinary services, as well as the products and
services available are outlined. Information on the number of veterinary students enrolled at major Australian
universities is provided.
Chapter 10: Pet services – The pet services industry is hugely diverse, with a range of different providers
offering services tailored to meet the needs of pet owners.
Chapter 11: The benefits of a companion animal – The chapter shows how the importance of the pet
industry to Australia’s economy mirrors the personal importance of pets to people.
2.2 Sources
This report has been compiled utilising data and information sourced from internationally recognised research
and consulting firms, Australian Government Departments, international pet industry bodies and industry
associations and sources.
All resources and source material utilised in developing this report are included in the references section at the
end of the report.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is Australia’s official national statistical agency. The ABS provides
statistics on a wide range of economic, social and environmental matters, covering government, business and
the community.
Euromonitor International provides international market intelligence on industries, countries and consumers
and provides services including publishing market reports, business reference books, online information
systems and tailored consulting projects.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
IBISWorld provides business information and research on over 500 industries, including statistics, analysis
and forecasts. In addition there are reports on Australia’s top 2000 companies and risk rating reports on
every industry.
Retail World’s Australasian Grocery Guide 2009 is an annual publication of Retail World, the premier
national news magazine servicing the grocery trade. The grocery guide provides a full overview of the
industry including how much it is worth across key categories and areas, review of the nation’s top grocery
retailers, database for supermarket suppliers, list of industry associations and details on brand shares.
TNS Australia has offices in Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra, Brisbane and Perth and specialises in both
quantitative and qualitative market research across all the major industry sectors. TNS is a local, medium-
sized company, with global market research expertise with capabilities in market research and development,
research-on-research and new product development across businesses and brands.
• Information and industry data has been gathered from research firms, academic institutions and
industry sources.
• Throughout the report some figures have been rounded, this may result in minor variations between
sums of the component items and totals.
• There may be some variation across data depending on the data source.
The report acknowledges the contributions of all companies, industry associations and government agencies
and thanks them for their support in providing information to compile this report.
12
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Australia has one of the highest incidences of pet ownership per capita in the world, with 36% of households
owning a dog and 23% of households owning a cat (Euromonitor International, 2009).
Pet population numbers in Australia have fluctuated over the last 15 years, with a moderate decline in dog
numbers noted since 1998. Cat numbers have risen slightly (4.9%) over the last two years, following a 23%
decline in numbers from 1994 to 2007.
The pet population breakdown across the states and territories mirrors the country’s population distribution.
New South Wales and Victoria account for 60% of all pets in Australia, and 59% of the country’s human
population (ABS, 2010).
New South Wales has the largest number of pets with 11.6 million (excluding other pets); Victoria has the
second largest with 7.7 million (excluding other pets).
1. The total population of pet fish in Australia is difficult to quantify due to insufficient data sources. ABS data indicates that
there were 18.4 million live ornamental fish imported into Australia during the 2008/09 Financial Year. This number is taken to be
a base figure for the total population of fish.
13
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The average proportion of dogs and cats to people across Australia is 16 dogs and 11 cats to every one
hundred people. These averages vary across the states and territories. Western Australia has the lowest
proportion of dogs at 14, whilst Tasmania has the highest at 19. Queensland has the lowest average number
of cats at 9, and again Tasmania has the highest proportion, with 16 cats to every one hundred people.
The national averages over the last 11 years have decreased as the total population of dogs and cats
has declined.
14
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Of Australia’s 8 million households, 2.9 million or 36% own a dog, and 1.8 million or 23% own a cat.
Table 10: Number of households with dogs and cats (million), 2004 - 2009
Pet type 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Dogs 2.80 2.80 2.81 2.85 2.85 2.88
Cats 1.80 1.90 1.86 1.87 1.82 1.83
Source: Compiled by Rockwell Communications. Information from: ACAC, 2006; Euromonitor International, 2009.
Table 11: Proportion of households with dogs and cats (% percentage of total),
2004 - 2009
Pet type 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Dogs 38.2 37.8 37.0 36.5 36.0 35.8
Cats 24.6 25.0 24.5 24.0 23.0 22.8
Source: Compiled by Rockwell Communications. Information from: ACAC, 2006; Euromonitor International, 2009.
3.2 Dogs
In 2009 there were 3.405 million dogs in Australia, at an average of 16 dogs for every one hundred people.
Australia’s dog population has decreased by 14.9% since 1998. In 1998 the average number of dogs per one
hundred people was 20.
Whilst the percentage of households with dogs has decreased marginally, by 1.2%, over the last five
years, the actual number of households with dogs has increased as Australia’s population and number of
households has grown.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
3.3 Cats
In 2009 there were 2.350 million cats in Australia, at an average of 11 cats per every one hundred people.
Cat numbers have increased over the last two years, following a steady decline from 1994 to 2007.
The total percentage of households that own a cat has decreased slightly by 1.8% over the last 15 years.
The total number of households that own a cat has fluctuated during this period as Australia’s human
population has increased. There has been a small increase in the number of households that own a cat
over the last 12 months.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Fish numbers are difficult to quantify however ABS data indicates that during the 2008/09 financial year there were
18.4 million pet fish imported into Australia. This figure is therefore used as a base reference for fish numbers.
Table 16: Fish, birds and other pet populations, 1994 - 2009 (million)
1994 1998 2002 2005 2007 2009
Fish 11.90 11.90 12.20 20.00 20.50 *18.40
Birds 9.70 8.40 8.70 9.00 7.80 8.10
Other pets 0.80 2.00 2.10 3.00 2.88 1.06
* Total number of live ornamental fish imported into Australia during the 2008/09 Financial Year (ABS, 2009).
Source: Compiled by Rockwell Communications. Information from: ABS, 2009; ACAC, 2006; Euromonitor International,
2009, TNS 1994 - 1998.
Australia continues to have one of the highest levels of pet ownership, with 36% and 23% of households
owning a dog or cat respectively. This is more than the UK, where 23% of households own a dog and 20%
own a cat, but lower than in the USA where the figures are 40% and 33% respectively.
The number of dogs per one hundred people in the USA has remained consistent at 25 since 2005. In
contrast, in Australia this figure has fallen by 2 dogs per one hundred people, from 18 in 2005 to 16 in 2009.
In the UK this figure has risen strongly from 9 in 2003 to 13 in 2009.
In terms of cat ownership trends in the USA and Australia, ownership rates have remained reasonably
constant, with both countries experiencing a decrease of only 1 cat per one hundred people from 2005 to
2009. The UK has seen an increase from 10 to 13 cats per one hundred people between 2003 and 2009.
Unlike Australia, in the USA there are significantly more cats owned than dogs, whereas in the UK the figure is
approximately the same.
17
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The number of dogs owned in the USA has grown strongly over the last 15 years, reaching a population of
77.5 million in 2009, with 40% of households owning a dog. This represents a very significant 41% increase
in the dog population.
A similar trend can be seen with cats, with the total cat population increasing from 63.8 million in 1994 to 93.6
million in 2009, with 33% of households owning a cat. This is an increase of almost 47% and represents a
significant growth in the USA’s cat population.
The growth rates in the populations of dogs and cats have been significantly greater than the growth in the
human population, indicating that more Americans own a larger number of dogs and cats than they did
15 years ago.
Data on other pet numbers is only known for 2005 and 2009. Over this period however there has been a
marked increase in the ownership of pets other than dogs and cats, with the figure increasing from 194.4
million to 240.7 million, a growth of almost 24%.
Growth was experienced across all sectors of the market, however spending on veterinary care showed
the greatest growth at 8.5%. This is attributed to medical advances leading to a greater range of services
available (APPA, 2010).
In the USA there has been a huge growth in the range of products available for companion animals. These
include high-end apparel and high-tech products that extend beyond traditional necessities. According to
the APPA, the trends in pet products emerging in the USA include digital aquarium kits, automatic doors and
feeders, touch activated toys and products that reduce a pet’s ‘carbon paw print’ such as natural litters and
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
organic foods. Companies that have traditionally made products for humans are expanding product lines to
include pet products such as pet shampoo, pet clothing, brand name toys and gourmet treats and food.
Dogs and cats continue to be the preferred pets, with approximately 8 million of each owned in the UK.
Indoor and outdoor fish and birds are also popular however there are now around 3 million other small pets
including rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils and rats.
The number of dogs in the UK has increased steadily by 1.3 million over the last 15 years, with only a slight
drop being experienced in 2001. Cat population numbers have fluctuated, reaching highs of 8 million in 1998,
2000 and 2009.
Although the number of households owning dogs has increased as dog population numbers have increased,
the percentage of households owning dogs has fluctuated over this period and reduced slightly from 24.4% in
2005 to 23% in 2009.
Cat population and ownership trends have fluctuated over the last 15 years, with the total cat population
varying by 0.8 million during this period.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The next table provides a full breakdown of the number and percentage of households in the UK that own
various pet types.
In 2008 the pet food market had a total value of £2 billion (AUD$3.44 billion), which was a 7% increase on the
previous year. The trend seen in Australia of increased spending on premium pet food products is also being
experienced in the UK.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Europe’s pet food industry supports 21,000 jobs directly and 30,000 jobs indirectly.
21
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Spending on dogs accounted for almost 60% or $3.6 billion, whilst cats accounted for 24% of the market
and expenditure of $1.4 billion. Expenditure on other pets and pet care products was $801 million and $208
million respectively.
The next table provides a more detailed breakdown of expenditure across the market sectors of pet food,
pet care products, pet purchases, veterinary services and pet care services. Each of these market sectors is
analysed in greater detail in Chapters 5 to 9 of this report.
In 2009 Australians spent $2.22 billion on veterinary services, making it the largest sector of the pet care
industry, representing 37% of all expenditure. Pet owners’ needs are changing as pets have become an
important companion for pet owners. As a result there is an increased awareness of animal health issues as
part of socially responsible pet ownership. Pet owners have increasingly been prepared to spend significant
amounts of money to care for their pets’ health and well-being.
The second largest sector of the industry is pet food, with expenditure totalling $1.83 billion. In 2009, the
value of pet food product sales grew steadily despite the volume sales of dog and cat food continuing to
decline slightly. The value increase and volume decrease is attributed to the growth in the premium pet food
market as a result of the trend of pet owners to prioritise the health and well being of their pets.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
4.2 Dogs
Consumer expenditure on dogs and dog related products and services represents 60% of the total pet care
industry and in 2009 this equated to $3.6 billion. Dog related expenditure has grown by 31% since 2005, with
the average dog owner now spending $1,056 per year on their pet. This is 44% more than in 2005.
Dogs have become an important part of the Australian household, with dog owners placing significant value
on the health and wellbeing of their pets.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The next table provides a detailed breakdown of consumer expenditure on dogs. Whilst the largest areas
of expenditure are veterinary services and food, there are an increasing number of businesses in Australia
offering other services to dog owners including grooming, walking, burial, insurance and transport. In 2009
expenditure on these services was estimated to be $779 million.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
4.3 Cats
In 2009 Australian cat owners spent $1.4 billion on cat related expenses representing an increase of over 18%
compared to 2005. The average annual expenditure per cat is $602, which is more than 22% higher than
in 2005.
The table below provides a breakdown of consumer expenditure on cats. Cat food accounts for 41% of all
cat related expenditure, with veterinary services making up 38%.
Expenditure on cat litter has risen by 20% in current value sales over the last twelve months. This growth
is attributed to increased sales in natural varieties of cat litter products, which are typically more expensive
(Euromonitor International, 2009). It could also be due to cats being increasingly kept inside.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
In 2009 Australians spent $801 million on other pets, accounting for 13% of total consumer expenditure in
the pet care industry. This represents an increase of $121 million or 18% compared to expenditure of $680
million in 2005 (ACAC, 2006).
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
5 Pet food
5.1 Summary
In 2009 pet food sales totalled $1.826 billion, an increase of $38.9 million on 2008 expenditure. In the 6th
edition of this report the total sales of pet food was reported to be $2,015 billion, which includes an estimated
amount for non-manufactured pet food. The value of non-manufactured pet food is difficult to calculate and
is not included as a figure in this report. Instead, tables 34 and 42 do provide an estimate of prepared versus
non-prepared dog and cat food. In this report, the terms prepared and non-prepared replace the terms
manufactured and non-manufactured used in the 6th edition of this report.
The 6th edition of this report provided a breakdown of the grocery sales of pet food. Sections 5.1 – 5.5
provide a breakdown of the total sales of pet food. Grocery sales of pet food is addressed in section 5.6.
In 2009, the value of pet food product sales grew steadily despite the volume sales of dog and cat food
continuing to decline slightly as pet ownership in Australia continues its downward trend.
The value increase and volume decrease is attributed to the growing trend of pets being considered as a
member of the family and the resultant growth in the premium pet food market, as pet owners prioritise the
health and well being of their pets.
Pet food sales make up 3.2% of all major food product sales in Australia. To provide a comparison, the sales
of other major food product industries are shown below. The most recent data available from the Australian
Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is for the 2005/06 financial year.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
5.2 Trends
Through the economic downturn that has been felt since 2008, supermarkets and hypermarkets have grown
in value share. This is a result of aggressive price competition and the draw of the low pricing offered by
private labels (retailers’ own brands).
Within the economy segments of dog and cat food, and to a degree in the mid-priced segments, consumers
are increasingly switching to private label products, which are significantly cheaper than their branded
counterparts. Consumers who purchase products in the premium segment have tended to remain brand loyal
as it is likely that these consumers have been less affected by the economic downturn.
The continued trend of pets becoming a part of the family is having an ongoing and increasing impact on the
pet food and pet care market place, with consumers placing greater value on the health and well-being of
their pets. This trend has led to growth in premium pet foods as well as more specialised foods and health
care products for pets.
To capitalise on this trend, pet food manufactures have sought to increase their market share by differentiating
their products across a variety of segments. This market segmentation has resulted in products that cater to
the lifecycle, activity levels and specific breeds of pets.
Despite the increasing growth of the internet as a retail distribution channel, almost all dog and cat food,
99.4%, is sold through store based retailing. Internet retailing of dog and cat food accounts for only 0.6% of
the market. The figure is slightly higher for other pet foods, at 1%.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The table below outlines the percentage of total prepared and non-prepared dog food. Over the last five
years there has been a slight increase (1%) in the consumption of prepared dog food.
Table 36: Dog Food Prepared vs Non-prepared, 2004 - 2009 (% of total consumption)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Prepared dog food 46.0 46.3 46.3 46.3 46.5 47.0
Non-prepared dog food 54.0 53.7 53.7 53.7 53.5 53.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: Euromonitor International, 2009.
The total volume of dog food consumed in 2009 was 598,618 tonnes; this figure has fluctuated over the last
five years in line with total dog population numbers.
29
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Trends in cat food are similar to those in dog foods. As such, consumers have stayed loyal to brands within
the premium segment despite the economic downturn. However consumers who would normally buy from
the mid-priced and economy segments tended to purchase cheaper brands and private labels.
Unlike the growth seen in the dog treats segment, cat treat sales declined in both value and volume. This is
most likely due to cat treats not having the same functional benefits as dog treats, which can be used as
training rewards.
With pets increasingly being considered as a member of the family, coupled with pet owners’ growing
awareness of pet obesity, consumers are becoming more discerning of cat food products, particularly in the
premium segment.
However, in the mid-price and economy segments, cheaper brands and private labels are expected to
see an increase in market share as consumers move to less expensive products. This is likely to favour
supermarkets and hypermarkets, which have a greater capacity to engage in price competition to gain
market share.
As cat numbers have been slightly in decline since 2005, the total volume of cat food consumed has reduced
proportionately. In 2009 179,693 tonnes of cat food was consumed, of which 109,253 tonnes was prepared,
and 70,440 tonnes that was non-prepared.
30
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
31
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
largely explains both the growth in dog treats and chilled dog food and the associated decrease in canned
dog food sales.
2008 saw the first increase (2.7%) in the volume of grocery sales of pet food since 2002. This is despite the
total volume sales of pet food decreasing in 2008, a trend that has occurred over the last several years.
This volume increase in grocery sales is most likely the result of the economic downturn, with more
consumers seeking to lower their grocery bills by selecting cheaper alternatives and therefore increasing total
purchases of the less expensive private label pet foods.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
5.7 Employment
IBISWorld estimates that the prepared animal and bird food manufacturing industry employs over 4,500
people in Australia. This figure has decreased during the last five financial years by 689 positions.
Table 44: Prepared animal and bird feed manufacturing, employment (persons)
2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009
Total 5,232 4,371 4,435 4,471 4,543
Source: IBISWorld, 2009.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
5.8 Exports
The export of processed cat and dog food makes a significant contribution to Australia’s international trade.
In 2008/09, the total export of dog and cat food, and live ornamental fish was $295.1 million. This is a 24%
increase compared to the previous financial year. Exports of pets and pet related products have fluctuated
over the last decade, peaking in 2003/04 at $381.2 million.
Dried dog or cat food 143.9 155.7 201.6 197.1 187.5 107.0 132.8 24.1
Live ornamental fish n/a n/a 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.9 3.4 78.9
The two most significant Australian pet food exports are dried dog and cat food, and canned, pressure or
vacuum sealed dog food. Japan was by far the biggest market for these products, importing $74.8 million, or
56%, and $88.6 million, or 65%, of these export products respectively.
Other significant export trade partners included New Zealand, the United States of America, Belgium
and Taiwan.
Table 46: Country of destination for exports of pets and pet related products,
2008/09 (value)
Country of Destination Value ($’000) % Share
Dried dog or cat food exported for retail sale
Japan 74,794 56.3
New Zealand 19,612 14.8
Thailand 8,945 6.7
Korea, Republic of 5,954 4.5
Malaysia 5,061 3.8
Taiwan 3,660 2.8
China 3,525 2.7
Philippines 3,045 2.3
Other 8,196 6.2
Subtotal 132,792 100
Table 46 continued on next page.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 46: Country of destination for exports of pets and pet related
products, 2008/09 (value) ...continued
Country of Destination Value ($‘000) % Share
Canned, pressure or vacuum sealed cat food exported for retail sale
New Zealand 7,406 47.0
United States of America 3,366 21.4
Belgium 3,158 20.1
South Africa 390 2.5
Japan 313 2.0
Turkey 311 2.0
Italy 217 1.4
Israel 179 1.1
Other 407 2.6
Subtotal 15,747 100
Canned pressure or vacuum sealed dog food exported for retail sale
Japan 88,618 65.2
Taiwan 16,685 12.3
Korea, Republic of 5,167 3.8
New Zealand 5,070 3.7
Thailand 4,963 3.7
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 3,402 2.5
Singapore 2,609 1.9
Malaysia 2,346 1.7
Other 6,971 5.1
Subtotal 135,831 100
Dog or cat food (excl. canned and dried) exported for retail sale
Japan 3,928 53.3
New Zealand 1,464 19.9
Taiwan 527 7.1
Germany 490 6.6
Korea, Republic of 437 5.9
Thailand 314 4.3
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 104 1.4
India 56 0.8
Other 53 0.7
Subtotal 7,373 100
Live Ornamental Fish
United States of America 1,745 51.4
United Arab Emirates 516 15.2
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 214 6.3
United Kingdom 209 6.2
Japan 203 6.0
Germany 121 3.6
Taiwan 103 3.0
Canada 95 2.8
Other 191 5.6
Subtotal 3,397 100
Total 295,140
Source: ABS, 2009.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 47: Country of destination for exports of pets and pet related products,
2008/09 (volume)
Country of Destination Volume (kg) % Share
Dried dog or cat food, put up for retail sale
Japan 43,112,122 52.4
New Zealand 12,776,483 15.5
Thailand 6,495,772 7.9
Korea, Republic of 4,135,579 5.0
Malaysia 3,312,312 4.0
Taiwan 2,396,950 2.9
Philippines 2,386,010 2.9
China 2,366,361 2.9
Other 5,352,895 6.5
Subtotal 82,334,484 100
Canned, pressure or vacuum sealed cat food, put up for retail sale
New Zealand 5,770,114 64.1
United States of America 1,466,849 16.3
Belgium 741,502 8.2
South Africa 269,078 3.0
Turkey 238,552 2.7
Japan 136,399 1.5
Israel 109,814 1.2
Italy 82,204 0.9
Other 183,839 2.0
Subtotal 8,998,351 100
Canned pressure or vacuum sealed dog food, put up for retail sale
Japan 36,711,733 61.7
Taiwan 7,587,568 12.8
New Zealand 3,271,846 5.5
Korea, Republic of 2,086,788 3.5
Thailand 1,917,277 3.2
China 1,463,025 2.5
Malaysia 1,395,941 2.3
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 1,363,945 2.3
Other 3,695,702 6.2
Subtotal 59,493,825 100
Dog or cat food (excl. canned and dried), put up for retail sale
Japan 1,300,831 44.7
New Zealand 1,103,403 37.9
Korea, Republic of 189,435 6.5
Taiwan 116,515 4.0
Thailand 81,786 2.8
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 39,931 1.4
Germany 35,008 1.2
India 20,433 0.7
Other 24,529 0.8
Subtotal 2,911,871 100
Table 47 continued next page.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 47: Country of destination for exports of pets and pet related products,
2008/09 (volume) ...continued
Country of Destination Volume (kg) % Share
Live Ornamental Fish*
United States of America 47,918 43.3
United Arab Emirates 23,769 21.5
United Kingdom 6,587 6.0
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 5,658 5.1
Germany 5,417 4.9
Japan 4,473 4.0
Netherlands 4,407 4.0
Taiwan 4,126 3.7
Other 8,231 7.4
Subtotal 110,586 100
Total (excluding ornamental fish) 153,738,531
* Quantities are actual numbers of live ornamental fish
Source: ABS, 2009.
5.9 Imports
In 2008/09, the import value of pets and pet-related products reached $219.1 million. This represents a
significant increase of 71% since 2004/5.
Although the value of imports has increased substantially, Australia still has a trade surplus of pet food and
pet care products. Total exports exceeded total imports by $76 million in 2008/09.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 49: Country of origin for imports of pets and pet-related products,
2008/09 (value)
Country of Origin Value ($’000) % Share
Canned cat food, imported for retail sale
Netherlands 46,165 50.9
New Zealand 43,619 48.1
Thailand 728 0.8
United States of America 85 0.1
Austria 21 0.0
Subtotal 90,618 100
Dog or cat food, imported retail sale (excl. canned cat food)
United States of America 46,556 47.0
New Zealand 30,139 30.4.
France 8,499 8.6
Thailand 6,258 6.3
Germany 1,979 2.0
Canada 1,786 1.8
Hungary 1,263 1.3
China 1,002 1.0
Other 1,562 1.6
Subtotal 99,044 100
Fish food
Chile 11,047 46.8
Taiwan 3,757 15.9
India 2,302 9.7
Netherlands 1,645 7.0
Thailand 1,084 4.6
China 937 4.6
France 758 3.2
Germany 741 3.1
Other 1,350 5.7
Subtotal 23,621 100
Live ornamental fish
Singapore 1,641 28.2
Indonesia 1,570 27.0
Malaysia 629 10.8
Thailand 513 8.8
China 415 7.1
Sri Lanka 356 6.1
Germany 189 3.3
Mali 147 2.5
Other 349 6.0
Subtotal 5,809 100
Total 219,092
Source: ABS, 2009.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 50: Country of origin for imports of pets and pet-related products,
2008/09 (volume)
Country of Origin Volume (kg) % Share
Canned cat food, imported for retail sale
United States of America 17,360,760 50.8
Thailand 16,485,673 48.2
New Zealand 302,429 0.9
Netherlands 15,251 0.0
Austria 8,770 0.0
Subtotal 34,172,883 100
Dog or cat food, imported retail sale (excl. canned cat food)
United States of America 14,406,651 41.4
New Zealand 12,561,489 36.1
France 4,047,620 11.6
Thailand 1,417,746 4.1
Canada 527,202 1.5
Seychelles 445,749 1.3
Hungary 397,996 1.1
Germany 364,111 1.0
Other 614,550 1.8
Subtotal 34,783,114 100
Fish food
Chile 6,219,485 58.2
India 1,434,530 13.4
Taiwan 1,328,177 12.4
Thailand 634,002 5.9
China 234,941 2.2
France 223,560 2.1
Netherlands 211,378 2.0
Italy 144,400 1.4
Other 259,790 2.4
Subtotal 10,690,263 100
Live ornamental fish*
Indonesia 6,897,462 37.5
Singapore 4,804,692 26.1
Thailand 1,574,199 8.6
Malaysia 1,488,976 8.1
Sri Lanka 1,486,684 8.1
China 1,443,705 7.8
Mali 371,182 2.0
Hong Kong (SAR of China) 201,142 1.1
Other 128,590 0.7
Subtotal 18,396,632 100
Total (excluding ornamental fish) 79,646,260
* Quantities are actual numbers of live ornamental fish
Source: ABS, 2009.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Table 51: Summary Table of Pet Care Products and Services 2009
$ million % of total
Pet care products
Cat litter 111
Healthcare 125
Pet Dietary supplements 21
Other pet care products 62
Sub-total 319 16.1
Pet purchases
Dogs 135
Cats 33
Birds – aviary 44
Birds – companion 71
Fish 125
Reptiles 5
Small mammals 3
Pleasure horses 200
Sub-total 616 31.2
Pet care services
Dogs 779
Cats 156
Pleasure horses 103
Native animals 3
Sub-total 1,041 52.7
Total 1,976 100
Source: Compiled by Rockwell Communications. Information from: Euromonitor
International, 2009; IBISWorld, 2009; Industry sources.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Across the pet care product market, cat litter saw the strongest growth, registering a 15% increase in current
value sales from 2008 to 2009. This growth is a good example of how certain segments have capitalised on
the general trend towards natural and environmentally friendly products. In this segment, the growth could be
attributed to increased sales in natural varieties of cat litter that tend to be positioned at higher price points.
With more cats being kept inside, this too could attribute to increased market share.
The cat litter market has grown by 65% in value over the last 5 years. The next most significant growth area
is healthcare, which has grown by 43% over the same period.
Grocery retailers, specifically supermarket and hypermarkets, dominate pet care product sales, accounting
for 54% of all pet care products sold, by value. It should be noted however, that this is much lower compared
to dog and cat food sales through grocery retailers, which account for 72.5% of all dog and cat food sold, by
value. This difference is attributed to consumers seeking greater product variety and the expertise of staff in
pet shops, pet superstores and veterinary clinics.
The pet products sector is dominated by two major companies, one has 15% market value share, and the
other has 11% market value share. Private labels have 11% value share. The remainder of the sector is
largely fragmented.
Pet shops are the dominant non-grocery distribution channel accounting for 28.5% of value sales. Pet
superstores and veterinary clinics are the next largest non-grocery distribution channels accounting for 7.7%
and 7.8% of sales respectively.
Although a growing industry, internet retailing accounts for only 0.5% of all pet care products sold. There are an
increasing number of pet superstores and pet shops that sell products online as part of their normal retail business.
7.2 Trends
Anecdotal industry sources report the rising rate of obesity in humans in Australia has also been accompanied
by higher rates of obesity amongst cats and dogs. There are a range of health problems associated with
obesity such as diabetes and osteoarthritis. These health problems have led to pet owners turning to dietary
supplements to improve the health and wellbeing of their pets. As a result of these factors, and the continued
trend of pets being considered as a member of the family, sales of dietary supplements for pets grew by 4.4%
in current value terms during 2009, and 13.8% over the last two years.
The healthcare segment saw strong value growth of 10%. This growth is mostly as a result of pet owners
taking preventative measures against fleas and ticks. Flea and tick treatments make up 77% of pet healthcare
products sales in 2009, with a value of $96 million.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
In 2009, 54% of pet care products were sold through supermarkets and hypermarkets. This represents a
slight decline in market share for pet stores, which is attributed to more consumers buying cat litter from
supermarkets than from pet stores. Consumer behaviour is such that pet owners rely on pet shops and
superstores for more specialised and varied products and advice from knowledgeable staff.
As pets are increasingly being seen as a part of the family, consumers are showing that they place significant
value on the health and wellbeing of their pets.
Pet food is becoming increasingly specialised and segmented across pet age and breed type, with additional
value offerings including immunity and joint care. This has been well received by consumers. These products
provide additional health benefits, without the need for dietary supplements.
A large variety of pet care products are available in the market place. Although online retailing accounts
for a very small amount of pet care products sold, the number of online stores is increasing. These include
companies that sell through online auctions such as e-bay.
A range of pet care products for dogs, cats and other pets, and their current prices at a variety of retail outlets
are shown in this section.
7.3.1 Dogs
Most new puppy or dog owners will invest in a range of basic products that are required to care for a dog.
The most common products are shown below, along with their current retail values from supermarkets, a pet
store and an online store.
Prices will vary depending on the brand, size of the pet, and the specific needs of pets and pet owners.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The table below shows current costs for other dog care and accessory products.
Table 54: Dog pet care and accessory products - indicative costs
Item Online Major Retailer A Major Retailer B Pet Store*
Collar $8.00 - $40.00 $6.26 - $14.99 $6.75 – $14.00 $20.00 - $60.00
Lead $7.00 – $32.50 $9.00 - $11.55 $9.00 - $14.30 $20.00 - $80.00
Retractable lead $40.00 – $70.00 $25.00 $20.00 $20.00 - $80.00
Name tag $5.00 – $15.00 N/A N/A $16.00 - $30.00
Food/water bowl – plastic/
$10.00 – $15.00 $8.45 $9.77 - $12.50 $15.00 - $35.00
ceramic/ stainless steel
Padded dog bed $50.00 - $130.00 N/A N/A $40.00 - $180.00
Brush $10.50 – $20.00 $10.00 $11.00 - $17.00 $13.00 - $30.00
Toy $5.00 – $15.00 $7.00 $8.00 $5.00 - $40.00
Dog coat $20.00 – $30.00 N/A N/A $35.00
Household dog kennels $110.00 - $495.00 N/A N/A $130.00 - $360.00
N/A : not available
* Pet stores will have greater variety and cater for the specific individual pet requirements from standard through to premium
products – the products are also supported by customer service, therefore average costs shown here will be higher.
Note: The prices shown in this table are for example purposes only and were sourced from single outlets and a small number
of online stores. These prices are subject to change and variation.
Source: Major retailers, various pet stores and online sources, 2009.
7.3.2 Cats
The products that a new kitten or cat owner is likely to purchase are outlined below.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
There are a range of products that a new bird owner would need to purchase, depending on the type, size and
number of birds. These products are outlined below, along with the indicative prices of how much they cost
to buy online, in supermarkets and a pet store.
An entry level tank from a pet store, which includes all necessary equipment and two goldfish, starts at $150.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The table below lists some common aquarium equipment, as well as indicative online and pet store prices.
Note: The prices shown in this table are for example purposes only and were sourced from single outlets and a small number
of online stores. These prices are subject to change and variation.
Source: Various pet stores and online sources, 2009.
Reptiles
As with aquariums, the set-up cost for a reptile tank can vary considerably, depending on the type and
species of reptile, number of animals, and the equipment and accessories needed.
Some common products that new reptile owners would need to purchase are outlined below, as well as the
indicative prices from an online store and pet store.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Pleasure horses
Annual expenditure on products and equipment for horses and riding is dependant on the activities of the
horse, and the individual needs of the animal and owner.
The equipment required to care for and ride a horse can be quite extensive and expensive.
Some of the basic and most commonly used horse care products and riding equipment are outlined in the
table below.
The costs of veterinary and grooming supplies, including wormers and shampoos, start at $200 per annum,
but can exceed well over $1,000.
Industry advice is that horse owners spend anywhere between $1,500 and $10,000 on equipment/gear for
their horses. This does not include a float, or vehicle to pull the float.
According to industry sources, large proportions of horse owners change their lifestyle and purchase a
property to keep their horse on.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Some of the most common healthcare products and their current market prices are outlined in Table 60.
$30.00 - $35.00
Tablets to treat fleas/lice/ (3 mths)
$12.00 - $25.00 $8.00 - $25.00 $30.00 - $50.00
worms $55.00 - $62.00
(6 mths)
Flea powder $7.50 $9.00 $6.50 $9.00
$14.00 - $44.00
Flea/tick spray N/A N/A $20.00 - $50.00
(250ml)
Cat wormer/Dog wormer from $12.00 $9.00 - $20.00 $9.00 - $20.00 $18.00 - $30.00
Flea spray – Liquid spot on $9.95 Don’t sell Don’t sell $46.00
Note: The prices shown in this table are for example purposes only and were sourced from single outlets and a small number
of online stores. These prices are subject to change and variation.
Source: Major retailers, various pet stores and online sources, 2009.
Industry sources indicate that pet stores have on average 4 employees. It is therefore estimated that pet
shops employ around 6,940 people.
Pet food and product suppliers are estimated to employ an average of 3 people, with total employment
estimated at 5,040.
Aquariums and fish supply stores employ an average of 3 people, with total employment numbers estimated
to be around 3,018.
Pet shop supplier wholesalers employ 3 people on average, totalling 1,149 employees.
It is estimated that total direct and indirect employment by the pet care product industry is 16,147.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
8 PET PURCHASES
8.1 Summary
In 2009, the total market value for pet purchases was estimated to be $616 million. The largest values are
attributed to sales of horses, dogs and fish, which accounted for 75% of the value of all pet sales in Australia
in 2009.
8.2 Dogs
The cost of buying a dog or a puppy will vary from private sales through to registered breeders. The Animal
Welfare League Australia (AWLA) re-homes around 30,000 animals a year and has state organisations in
Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland. The RSPCA has animal shelters in each state
and runs a website, adoptapet.com.au, which allows the user to view animals awaiting adoption in shelters
across Australia.
The AWLA’s state based organisations, Lort Smith Animal Hospital (VIC), Animal Welfare League NSW, Animal
Welfare League of South Australia and Animal Welfare League Queensland all offer animal adoption services.
All adopted animals are micro-chipped, desexed and have had their first set of vaccinations. Some adoption
centres and shelters also include additional health and sociability checks and treatments. The cost of
adopting a dog will vary, with average costs ranging from $260 to $350 for a puppy or $210 to $325 for a dog.
All RSPCA animals put up for adoption are micro-chipped, de-sexed, vaccinated and come with one month’s
medical insurance. The cost of adopting a dog from the RSPCA varies between states and territories, but on
average it costs $300 to adopt a dog, puppies cost $350 and dogs older than 6 years are $180. In 2007/08
the RSPCA re-homed 19,276 dogs.
Purchasing a dog may cost anywhere from $400 to upwards of $3,000. The cost will vary on whether it is
purchased from a pet shop or a breeder or if the dog is a cross-breed or a purebred.
Based on previous estimates and industry advice, there were approximately 500,000 puppies born in 2008.
This is down slightly, in line with the general decline in dog numbers. Industry advice is that 90% of puppies
are sold at an average price of $300. This gives a total market value of $135 million.
8.3 Cats
The cost of purchasing a cat varies substantially, depending on where it is bought from and whether it is
pedigreed. Most cats and kittens are acquired through the RSPCA, AWLA, other animal shelters, pet stores,
and pedigree breeders.
The cost of adopting a kitten or cat through one of the AWLA’s state leagues will vary, with average costs
48
Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
ranging from between $95 and $100 for a cat and $95 and $150 for a kitten.
RSPCA cat adoption fees vary between states and territories and range from $110 - $225 for a kitten and $60
to $160 for a cat. In NSW, purebred cats and kittens cost $300 and $400 respectively. During 2007/08 the
RSPCA re-homed 19,653 cats.
Kittens purchased from a pet store will range from $195 for a domestic shorthair, through to between $695
and $1,200 for a purebred.
Breeders sell kittens for between $500 and $1,500 depending on the breed and gender of the animal.
It is assumed that 235,000 kittens were born in 2009. It is estimated that 70% of kittens are sold through the
various outlets at an estimated average price of $200 per kitten. This represents a total market value of
$32.9 million.
8.4.2 Fish
Fish numbers in Australia have been growing steadily over the last 5 years.
In 2008/09 over 18 million live ornamental fish were imported into Australia (ABS (0301), 2009). Due to price
competitiveness of these imports, it is conservatively estimated that 20 million fish are sold in Australia in
2009. Based on industry advice and pet store prices, it the average price of a fish is assumed to be $6.25.
This number is skewed downwards by the large number of goldfish sold. Goldfish sell between $3 and $5 on
average, with more exotic fish selling for upwards of $30.
Based on this data, it is estimated that the total annual market value for ornamental fish is $125 million.
8.4.3 Reptiles
Reptiles have become increasingly popular as pets. The Department of Environment and Climate Change
received 3,000 domestic license applications between 2005 and 2007. Carpet pythons, blue-tongued lizards
and eastern water dragons are some of the more popular species. (Euromonitor International, 2009)
Conservative industry estimates place the annual market value of reptile sales through pet stores at $5 million.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
9 Veterinary Services
9.1 Consumer expenditure
Pet owners’ needs in caring for their pets are changing. Increasingly, pet owners are requiring additional
services to be offered by the veterinary profession. A key driver in this trend is the increased awareness of
animal health issues as part of socially responsible pet ownership. As pets have become an important part
of the family and cherished companions, pet owners have increasingly been prepared to spend significant
amounts of money to care for their health and well-being.
This has led to growth in preventative care and elective treatments, with surgery, in-patient care and dentistry
increasing substantially.
Trends in consumer needs have been met by the veterinary industry with the introduction of new medical,
diagnostic and surgical procedures to address these consumer needs and expectations. An additional
component is the Government support for the desexing of animals which necessitates a veterinary procedure.
In 2008/09 the veterinary industry’s (companion animals) estimated contribution to the Australian economy
was $2.219 billion. This is an increase of $96.5 million, or 4.5%, from the previous financial year.
The breakdown of consumer expenditure on veterinary services for companion animals is shown in the table
below alongside total veterinary industry revenue.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
In excess of 50% of all veterinary practice locations are estimated to be in capital cities, a figure that
is believed to have increased somewhat in the past decade due in part to a declining number of young
veterinarians choosing to work in rural locations (IBISWorld, 2009).
The industry has remained relatively stable over the last three years with the number of establishments
(practices) remaining constant with enterprises owning multiple establishments also remaining constant.
This indicates that whilst there is some consolidation of ownership, the industry is relatively stable.
In 2009, NSW, Victoria and Queensland account for 77.1 percent of all businesses employing people in the
veterinary industry.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
Veterinary Surgeons/Practitioners
In 2009, there were 10,724 registered veterinary surgeons/practitioners. The Veterinary Surgeons Board,
Veterinary Practitioners Board, or equivalent in each state/territory is responsible for registering veterinarians
and investigating complaints about the practise of veterinary science. In some states they also licence
veterinary hospitals.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The sale of veterinary chemical products continues to increase alongside the growing awareness of animal
health and responsible pet ownership.
The continued trend of new veterinary chemical registration is important for the industry so that new
treatments are available to address new and emerging medical requirements – this trend is in line with the
increased responsibilities of pet ownership.
The 6th edition of this report estimated Australian sales of veterinary chemical products for companion
animals in 2004 to be $212 million. This was 34.8% of total veterinary chemical product sales. Applying this
percentage to current data, it is estimated that in 2008/09, expenditure on veterinary chemical products for
companion animals was $262 million.
The Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia states that the Certificate IV in Veterinary Nursing is considered by
the veterinary industry to be the basic qualification required for a person who is to provide competent support
to a Veterinary Practice. Certificates II in Animal Studies is a progression towards this objective, but does not
have an identifiable employment occupation.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
As of October 2009 there were 1,248 members of the Veterinary Nurses Council of Australia, of which 731 are
full members and 517 are associate members.
Full membership of the VNCA is available to those who have obtained the National Certificate IV in Veterinary
Nursing (or another equivalent qualification or overseas qualification recognised by the VNCA).
Associate membership is available to those who are not eligible to be full members, but whom either work in
veterinary practice, animal welfare organisations, research and teaching institutions, appropriate government
bodies or related employment; or are enrolled as students in veterinary nursing courses recognised by
the VNCA.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
10 Pet services
10.1 Summary
There are a large and diverse number of companies and businesses that provide a range of services that
support the pet industry. These range from pet transport companies, to groomers, pet insurance providers,
day care facilities, boarding and minding, dog walking, funeral, cremation and burial services, dog training and
pet clubs and associations.
The pet services sector contributes significantly to the consumer expenditure on pets across Australia.
In 2009, expenditure on pet services is estimated to have been approximately $1.04 billion across dogs, cats
and other pets.
Services relating to dogs account for 75% of total consumer expenditure on pet services. Services for cats
make up 15% of the market, with other pets, primarily pleasure horses, accounting for the remaining 10%.
Due to the complexity and variety of this sector, consumer expenditure may be higher than the estimated
figure, however measurement and tracking of smaller service providers and associations, such as local pet
clubs, cannot be undertaken with sufficient accuracy. The table below outlines consumer expenditure across
the major pet service areas:
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The table below outlines the number of number and type of pet service businesses in each state.
There are 159 pet transport services, which on average employ 3 people, totalling 477 people.
There are 2,792 pet grooming and clipping enterprises, which on average employ 2 people, totalling 5,584
people.
There are 138 pet crematoriums and funeral services, with an average of 2 employees, totalling 276 people.
It is important to note that many of these businesses will provide a range of services to the pet owners and
range from sole operators through to a small business with several employees.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
10.4 Dogs
10.4.1 Clipping and grooming
Increasingly dog owners are utilising clipping and grooming services for their dogs, rather than washing their
dogs at home. These services are provided by a grooming salon, mobile hydro-bathing service, or
veterinary hospital.
Industry sources advise that on average dog owners take their pets to be groomed in salons 5 times per year
at an average cost of $60 per dog. Mobile hydrobathing services tend to be used more frequently - every two
to four weeks, with the cost is significantly less at around $20-$30 per dog. These costs will vary depending
on the number of services used, such as flea rinses, and the size of the dog.
The Pet Industry Association of Australia has 131 members, which provide in house and mobile services.
There has been significant growth in mobile grooming services available.
Based on industry sources estimating 30% of dogs are clipped/groomed five times a year at either a salon or
by a mobile grooming service, the total annual value is therefore estimated to be $204.3 million.
The Yellow pages has 1,194 dog boarding kennels listed across Australia, and 203 dog and cat in-home
minding services. Based on industry advice an estimated 40% of dogs are taken to kennels or use pet
minding for ten days per year, at an average price of $27.50 per day. This represents a total market value of
$375 million.
Dog walking prices vary depending on walking time and whether the service is for one dog or a group.
Individual dog walking costs $60 per 1 hour walk, with group sessions charged at $20 per dog per hour
(various online dog walking and minding sites).
Assuming that 1% of dogs are walked via dog walking companies/individuals once per week, at an average
rate of $40 per hour, the annual market is valued at $70.8 million.
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It is estimated by the by the Association of Pet Dog Trainers (APDT) that proactive pet owners would spend up
to $200 annually on training their dogs, APDT estimates that an average training costs is $100 per dog.
Assuming that 50% of puppies/dogs are trained and/or attend obedience club activities, and that the average
amount spend it $100 per dog, it is estimated that that the value of this sector is $25 million.
As there are a wide range of options available, an example of prices is shown in the table below:
During 2009 there were 871 dog shows or trials in NSW alone. Entry fees range from $8 to $15 per dog.
Assuming that 25% of registered pedigree dogs attend an average of one competition per month, at an
average cost of $11.50 per show, the total value would be $2.2 million per annum.
Example:
NSW is provided as an example of the dog show industry in Australia.
In 2008/09 there were 21,597 purebred dogs registered in NSW (Dogs NSW). This number has fluctuated over
the last three years.
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A sample of the most common membership types and registration fees are shown in the table below:
In some states, pet owners are legally required to microchip and register their pets on a database. The
RSPCA, many animal shelters and breeders will microchip and register pets at the time of adoption.
Microchips offer a permanent method of identification. Roughly the size of a grain of rice, a microchip is
implanted just under the skin between the shoulder blades at the back of an animal’s neck. Each chip has a
unique number that is stored on a database and linked to the owners contact details. If a pet is lost or strays
away, a veterinarian, local council or animal shelter can scan the microchip and contact the owner.
It costs between $30 and $50 for a pet to be microchipped, plus the associated veterinary consultation fees.
There are five registries in Australia; they are listed in the table below, along with the number of animals on
their databases.
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Assuming that 70% of puppies are registered and the average registration paid to the local council is $50, pet
owners spent approximately $17.5 million on local council registration fees in 2009.
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10.4.8 Transport
Pet owners primarily utilise pet transportation services when moving cities, states or countries, and when
travelling on holidays. Pets are most commonly transported by air, but depending on the length of the
journey, land transport may be used.
There are 159 pet transport companies in Australia (Yellow Pages, 2009). These companies offer pet
transport, including door to door, for all types of pets and cover all metropolitan and regional areas
of Australia.
The major aircraft carriers all undertake pet transport and this is supported by a small pet transport industry
located around the major airports.
Air Services
Different airlines offer different services for both international and domestic travel.
Based on advice from industry sources it is estimated that there are 5,000 pets transported within Australia
each week. A large number of these utilise the services of a pet transport company. Assuming an average
cost of $400 per pet, this would equate to an annual market worth of approximately $104 million, of which
60%, or $62.4 million, is made up of dog transport.
The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service’s international import, export and transiting data indicates that
10,031 dogs were transported internationally during 2008. The average cost of $1,000 per pet, totalling $10
million per year.
10.4.9 Burial
There are 138 listed cemeteries and crematoriums for pets in Australia (Yellow Pages, 2009), this is an
increase of 27 in two years. The growth in this market can be largely attributed to pets being considered
as a member of the family. As pets are seen more and more as members of the family unit, pet owners are
selecting to bury or cremate their deceased companions.
These companies provide a range of services from pickup of deceased pets, to burial, cremations, cemetery
services such as headstones and other burial requirements.
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Company C Pick up and cremation only, for pets up to 90kg $77 - $253
Based on the assumption that an average pet burial/cremation costs $200 and that 5% of the estimated 515,000
dogs that passed away in 2009 were buried/cremated, the total value of this market segment is $5.2 million.
10.4.10 Insurance
There is one dominant company that provides pet insurance to Australian pet owners.
Table 84: Insurance Plan for Dogs (Plan Annual Limit: $8,000)
Per-Condition Excess cover option Monthly Premium
$250.00 $12.85
$100.00 $17.20
Source: Online sources, 2009.
Based on the 6th edition of this report, and allowing for the increases as a result of pets increasingly being
considered as a member of the family, the number of policies is estimated at 20,000, with an average premium
of $350 per annum. Total consumer expenditure in 2009 is therefore estimated to be $7 million.
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10.5 Cats
10.5.1 Grooming
There are a small number of cat grooming salons and services available, however this market is much smaller
for cats than for dogs.
The cost depends on the grooming required. An average cost for a bath and brushing out is $60, to include a
tummy shave, the cost is $80. A whole body shave costs $75, with a bath and whole clip costing $90. Some
cats require the removal of matts, which incur an additional fee of $100 for sedation and an overnight stay.
(Online Sources)
Based on industry estimates, it is assumed that 1% of cats are taken to be groomed 2 times a year at an
average cost of $70, with a third of cats requiring sedation. The total market for cat grooming is therefore
estimated to be $3.3 million.
Home visits or own home minding provide alternatives to boarding for cat owners. Experienced pet handlers
will feed, water, play with and brush cats for $20 to $25 a visit. Additional animals will add an extra $5 - $8
per visit.
Based on the assumption that 30% of cats are taken to a kennel/cattery or use pet minding for one week per
year, at an average price of $20 per day, this market is worth approximately $98.7 million.
During 2009 there were 33 cat shows conducted by the NSW Cat Fanciers’ Association and affiliated clubs.
There are 45 cat shows scheduled for 2010. The cost per show varies depending on the type of show being
held. Entry fees range from approximately $15 to $30. The number of cats at each show also depends on the
type of show being held.
Sample membership costs for the NSW Cat Fanciers’ Association are:
• Membership fee – $65
• Membership renewal fee – $50
• Registration fee – $14 (kitten under 12 months)
• Registration fee – $33 (cat over 12 months)
Based on the estimates used in the 6th edition of this report, the estimated total value of cat shows
throughout Australia in 2009 is $1.96 million.
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Standard $119pa (lifetime) Discount rates apply to cats that have been desexed, and
Kingston City,
Desexed and or to cats over 10 years of age, breeders and microchipped
Vic
microchipped $100 pa cats.
Discounts apply to cats that are desexed, are over 10
years old, are permanently identified with a microchip or
Entire $93 pa are kept for breeding purposes at a registered premises
or are registered with the Governing Council of the Cat
Fancy, Democratic Cat Council or Feline Control Council.
Monash, Vic
Desexed and or
microchipped $61 pa All cats must now be microchipped before registration will
be accepted
Pensioner concession $15
It is estimated that 190,000 kittens were born in 2009. This estimate is based on the total reduction in cat
numbers of 50,000, and the assumption that 10% population became deceased during 2009. Assuming that
50% of kittens are registered and the average registration paid to the local council is $50 per kitten, pet owners
spent approximately $4.8 million on local council registration fees in 2009.
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10.5.5 Transport
There are 159 pet transport companies in Australia (Yellow Pages, 2009). These companies offer pet transport,
including door to door, for all types of pets and cover all metropolitan and regional areas of Australia.
Based on advice from industry sources it is estimated that there are 5,000 pets transported within Australia
each week. A large number of these utilise the services of a pet transport company. Assuming an average
cost of $400 per pet, this would equate to an annual market worth of approximately $104 million, of which
nearly 40%, or $41.2 million, is made up of cat transport.
The Australian Quarantine Inspection Service’s international import, export and transiting data indicates that
there were 3,139 cats transported internationally at an average cost of $1,000 per cat, totalling $3.2 million
per year.
10.5.6 Insurance
There is one dominant company that provides pet insurance to Australian pet owners. Examples of plans offered
by a selection of companies is provided below:
Table 87: Insurance Plan for Cats (Plan Annual Limit: $8,000)
Per-Condition Excess cover option Monthly Premiums
$250.00 $11.75
$100.00 $16.15
Source: Online Sources, 2009.
Based on industry estimates and those of the 6th edition of this report, total expenditure on health insurance
for cats is estimated to be $3 million per year, based on a an average policy payment of $25 per month.
The average minimum cost of feeding one horse (stabled/yarded) is $50 - $150 per week. This is dependant
on the type of work the horse is doing and therefore the food it needs. Feed can be purchased pre-mixed,
which is more expensive than buying in bulk and then mixing it.
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The cost of feed and accommodation for a horse staying in a paddock ranges from $15 - $70 per week.
This is also dependant on the facilities and services, and whether it is a single paddock or group paddock
situation. The cost of feed for a horse staying in a paddock is subject to the quality of pasture in the
paddock, and the type of activities that the horse is doing. Some paddocks have no or limited pasture and
need as much feed as a horse that is stabled. Paddock feeding is also seasonal.
Farrier services – It costs between $80 and $150 for a farrier to replace a set of horse shoes, which is
required every five to six weeks. Trimming costs between $30 and $50.
Dental services – Expenditure on horse dental treatments can range from $60 to $250.
Other remedies – Natural remedies have become much more popular amongst horse owners. The most
common services include massage and chiropractic services, which are utilised several times a year at an
average cost of $100 to $150 per visit.
There are approximately 570,000 (figure provided by industry sources) pleasure horses in Australia. The
stabling, feed and other services required will vary depending on whether the location is regional or
metropolitan.
Based on the 6th edition of this report, it is assumed that 95% of horses are stabled on acreage, it is
estimated that 5% of the total population (28,500 pleasure horses) will have a minimum stabling and feed cost
of $65 per week or $3,380 annually. Consumer expenditure for 2009 is therefore estimated at $96.3 million.
Most horse owners/riders belong to at least 2 clubs, such as a pony club, riding club, trail riding club or
performance club. The average cost of membership is $75 per year, but can be up to $300.
Pony club membership fees include insurance, affiliation fees and additional annual fees. These costs range
from $50 to $150.
The Pony Club Australia has 53,151 members, whose fees total approximately $6.6 million annually, for
membership, insurance and other fees.
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Each state has its own laws and regulations governing the licences for the sale and keeping of native animals.
The table below outlines the costs of native animal keepers licences in each state.
Based on estimates of the 6th edition of this report total expenditure on licences for native animals is
estimated to be $3 million. This represents a 10% per annum increase in the number of licences issued,
which is largely attributed to the trend of reptile ownership.
The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) manages licensing systems to regulate the keeping, buying
and selling of birds, reptiles and mammals by keepers and pet shops. These licensing systems allow the
NPWS to monitor what species are being kept, bred and traded amongst enthusiasts.
In NSW there are two classes of licences for birds, reptiles and amphibians. Class 1 licences are generally
needed for more common species that are easy to look after and can be cared for by a person who has a
basic knowledge of the species. Class 2 licences are for species that require significant time and/or expertise
to care for and maintain. These species may also be rare or dangerous/venomous.
10.7.1 Birds
A licence isn’t needed to keep non-native exotic bird species. In addition, there are 41 native species that can
be bought, sold and kept without a licence.
For birds that are not covered by the exemptions, a licence must be obtained from the NPWS before buying
any bird.
Class 1 licence
A Class 1 licence authorises the holder to keep most of the common species. Some of the birds that can be
kept under this licence class include the crimson rosella, turquoise parrot, double-barred red-browed finch
and Major Mitchell’s cockatoo.
Class 2 licence
Birds that require significant time and experience to be properly maintained, and are only sold through
specialist breeders, require a Class 2 licence.
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
The species that can be kept under Class 2 licences include wrens, silvereyes, honeyeaters, and ducks. The
holder of a Class 2 licence can also keep Class 1 species. A Class 2 licence is available only to people over
the age of 18 years with at least 2 years proven experience of keeping birds in aviaries. The table below lists
the licence fees for keeping native birds:
10.7.2 Reptiles
All lizards, snakes and turtles are protected under the National Parks and Wildlife Act.
People who hold a licence can obtain reptiles from other people who legally hold them, but they are not
allowed to be sold through pet shops and must not be taken from the wild. There are two classes of reptile
keeper licences:
Class 1 licence
Most common reptile species are covered under a Class 1 licence. A person with a basic understanding of
the needs of reptiles should not have a problem caring for these species.
Some of the animals which can be kept under a Class 1 licence include the eastern snake-necked turtle,
eastern water dragon, eastern bearded dragon, common bluetongue, children’s python and carpet python.
The fee is $60 for a licence lasting up to two years, or $120 for up to five years.
Class 2 licence
Rare, dangerous and venomous snakes and those that are difficult to look after require a Class 2 licence. A
person with a Class 2 licence can also keep Class 1 species.
The Class 2 licence is only available to people who are over the age of 18 years who have had at least two
years experience in caring for Class 1 reptiles. Some of the species that can be kept under a class 2 licence
include the lace monitor and frilled lizard.
Additional criteria need to be met before venomous species can be kept. The venomous snakes in this
licence class are grouped into three sub-categories and the most dangerous species can be kept only by the
more experienced keepers. The licence fee is $60 per year, $120 for two years or $240 for five years.
10.7.3 Amphibians
All frogs and tadpoles are protected in NSW. Only frogs that have either been bred in captivity or for other
reasons cannot be released back into the wild can be kept as pets, for which a licence is required. Only
licensed breeders and keepers can sell frogs.
For educational purposes, schools in NSW have been licensed to enable children and their teachers to collect
and keep a maximum of 20 tadpoles to watch them grow and transform into froglets. Tadpoles must never be
collected from national parks or other reserves. Once tadpoles have transformed into froglets, they must be
released back in the location where they were collected.
There are two classes of amphibian keeper licences:
Class 1 licence
A Class 1 licence allows the holder to look after 45 species of frog, including common species that are easy to
look after. Some of the frogs which can be kept under a Class 1 licence include the green tree frog, red-eyed
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Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy - 7th Edition
tree frog, dainty tree frog, white-lipped tree frog, peron’s tree frog, striped marsh frog and common froglet.
The fee is $60 for a licence lasting up to two years, or $120 for up to five years.
Class 2 licence
A Class 2 licence covers 29 frog species that are rare and/or more difficult look after. These licences are
available to people who are over the age of 18 years and have had at least two years experience in caring for
Class 1 frogs.
The licence fee is $60 per year, $120 for two years, or $240 for five years. A person who has a Class 2 licence
can also keep Class 1 animals for no extra fee.
10.7.4 Mammals
The dingo is the only native mammal that is not protected in NSW, and for which no licence is required. All
other native mammals, including marsupials, are protected in NSW.
The only two native mammals that can be kept as pets are the spinifex hopping-mouse and the plains rat.
Both species are easy to care for and breed and are available from well-established captive colonies in NSW
and interstate. A licence is needed for both. A two-year licence to keep a colony of spinifex hopping-mice
and/or plains rats costs $60 or $120 for five years.
These animals are not allowed to be traded by pet shops in NSW.
Dogs used by police, quarantine inspection service and at prisons undergo extensive training including
detection of illegal substances
The table below outlines the number of working dogs in each state and the industry that they work in.
The therapeutic benefits of dogs and other companion animals are detailed in Section 11.
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There is specific legislation that deals with the keeping of native animals, which is administered by state
governments. Legislation in relation to dogs and cats is administered by local governments within each state.
The permanent identification and lifetime registration system which came into effect on 1 July 1999 greatly
assists authorities in returning lost and injured animals to their owners. It provides NSW councils with a more
effective means of keeping track of dogs and cats for the benefit of the wider community.
Australian Capital Territory – Domestic Animals Act 2000 and Animal Welfare Act 1992
These two Acts are the pieces of legislation in the ACT that are relevant to domestic animals. Both Acts
encourage responsible pet ownership, establish the rights of pets and pet owners as well as outline the
obligations of pet owners to their animals and to the community.
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Councils undertake these functions through Animal Control Units which include rangers, supervisors,
administrators and secondary support from customer service offices.
The larger the population, the greater the pet population density, and the greater the need for dedicated
financial resources to provide control and education services for pet owners and the broader community.
The 6th Edition of the Contribution of the Pet Care Industry to the Australian Economy estimated that in
relation to animal management services in 2003/04, total local government revenue was $48 million, whereas
expenditure was $83 million, resulting in a deficit of $35 million.
A limited review of publicly available data on local governments indicates that in 2009, local governments
continue to operate at a deficit, with expenditure on companion animal management not covered by registration
payments and fines. One major metropolitan local government operates at a 30 % deficit.
Local governments will continue to support the community through the provision of effective animal
management control services.
All Local governments are actively support the registration and management of companion animals. This is
evident through the following activities:
• Development of animal management plans promoting responsible pet ownership
• Establishing community advisory groups for companion animals
• Registration days for companion animals
• Managing pets in public open spaces
• Publications on managing companion animals
• Websites dedicated to information on responsible pet ownership
Local governments are working with communities to improve responsible pet ownership and ongoing
management, which in turn will reduce the ongoing service requirements.
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Not only are pets wonderful companions they also provide psychological and physiological benefits to
owners. In addition, pets engender caring and responsibility in our children, improve feelings of safety and
help create social bridges in our communities.
The importance of the pet industry to Australia’s economy mirrors the personal importance of pets to people.
Although the traditional dog and cat pet population is declining, the amount of money spent on our pets
continues to rise. This suggests that we are moving towards owning fewer pets, but spending more on them
as a reflection of not only our changing lifestyles but also advances in veterinary medicine and increased
choices in products and services.
Regrettably, at the same time increased high-density living, changing lifestyles and government legislation are
creating an environment in which pet ownership is under threat.
Because of the considerable benefits pets bring to individuals, the community and the economy, serious
attention must be given to the issues that may be contributing to limiting pet ownership. The needs of
pets, pet owners and non-pet owners are all legitimate. These needs must be considered, appreciated and
integrated into the society and the environment, in which we live so that people and pets can continue to live
together in harmony in our communities.
Socially responsible pet ownership in Australia was and is an important part of the Australian culture.
The roles animals play in our lives appear to shift in emphasis as we move through different life stages. Since
the late 1960s, these roles and their impact on us have been studied by scientists and researchers. Such
work has contributed to the growing literature on what we now call the study of Human/Animal Interactions
(HAI), or anthrozoology (www.anthrozoology.org). A very important fact about human/animal interaction is that
it can actually improve the quality of our lives.
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Research has shown that pets provide owners with both psychological and physiological benefits and the
majority of these people are healthier than those people without pets.
In 1992 a study of 5,741 participants attending a free screening clinic revealed that pet owners had lower
levels of risk factors for heart disease, including lower blood pressure and lower cholesterol, than non pet
owners7. The results amounted to a possible 4% reduction in risk of heart disease and were equivalent to
starting a low-salt diet or cutting down on alcohol consumption.
In 2008 a study examined changes in socio-demographic, environmental and intrapersonal factors associated
with dog acquisition and found evidence to suggest that dog acquisition leads to increased walking levels and
motivation of owners to exercise8.
Several studies have shown that pet ownership may influence the need for medical services. Dog and
cat owners make fewer annual visits to the doctor and spend less time in hospital10. It follows that pet
owners may use the health system less than non pet owners, resulting in potential savings in national health
expenditure. In 1995 a study estimated that ownership of dogs and cats saved up to $2.227 billion of current
health expenditure11.
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Research undertaken in nursing homes and private residences show pets delays the aging process. This is
achieved through increased physical exercise, increased social interaction and increased mental functioning
attained through talking to pets and having the responsibility of caring for them. Pets also boost the activity
levels of the elderly, and dogs especially help people keep an active routine as well as providing a reason to
get up in the morning.
It has been shown that growing up with a dog (and other pets to a lesser extent) during infancy helps to
strengthen the immune system and reduces the risk of allergies linked to asthma14.
In addition, young children, aged five to six in a family who own a dog are 50% less likely to be overweight or
obese compared with those who do not own a dog. Even the incidental play that children undertake with their
dog in the backyard or house contributes to increased levels of physical activity15.
Self-esteem has been shown to be higher in children or adolescents who have a pet16. School children who
own pets have also been shown to be more popular with their classmates as well as more empathetic17.
Children with family pets take more family walks than those without a pet18 and teenage girls report feeling
safer when walking alone with their dog, an important finding when as a society we are increasingly
concerned about community safety. These factors may help explain why teenagers with dogs also believe life
is more fun and have a more positive outlook19.
In the twenty-first century as family size is decreasing, pets are also becoming more important as an outlet
for the human nurturing instinct. For children who no longer care for large groups of siblings and women who
are delaying or choosing not to have children, pets are an integral part of the family that provide an essential
outlet for this powerful instinct.
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Animal Welfare League Australia (AWLA) is Australia’s second largest animal welfare charity.
With over 200 combined years of experience in caring for animals in need, Animal Welfare League
Australia has provided veterinary care to millions of animals whose owners love them but cannot
afford their medical treatment and found loving homes for millions of lost, abandoned, surrendered
and mistreated animals.
The national organisation is made up of a collaboration of State based Animal Welfare Leagues in
New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Queensland.
AWLA’s mission statement is to uphold and promote the welfare of companion animals and to
facilitate animal/human relationships.
Their role is to:
• Continue to work closely with organisations and departments that are concerned with
companion animal welfare and to develop those relationships
• Encourage the exchange and advancement of knowledge and information on companion
animal welfare and to develop and promote consistent standards and guidelines for the care
and treatment of companion animals
• Liaise with Government, regulatory bodies, private and public sectors and the general public
to promote awareness of companion animal welfare issues and to help improve practices
• Raise community awareness on companion animal welfare through the media, schools,
corporate organisations and any other appropriate means
http://www.awla.com.au
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Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) - National Coordinating Body for the following State and
Territory Member Bodies who represent registered purebred dog breeders: Dogs NSW, Dogs Victoria,
Dogs Queensland, Dogs SA, Dogs West, Dogs NT, Dogs ACT, Tasmanian Canine Association.
The Australian Veterinary Association is the professional organisation representing veterinarians across
Australia. Its vision is a global community that respects and values the benefits of enhanced animal
health, welfare and production.
The mission is to serve the community as Australia’s premier reference group for animal health and
welfare, to represent the veterinary profession and to promote the interests of members.
To achieve its mission, the AVA has strategic programs covering seven key areas of activity:
• advancing the profession
• advancing veterinary science
• providing services to members
• education and information sharing
• speaking for the profession
• governance and management
• finance
The AVA includes 21 special interest groups that cater for members with particular expertise or
interest in aspects of veterinary practice. The special interest groups run continuing education
programs, publish specialist newsletters and journals, and promote their area of expertise to the
profession and the community. The groups also provide advice to the association for policy and
lobbying activities in their area of expertise.
http://www.ava.com.au
Pet Food Industry Association of Australia (PFIAA) - National association of pet food manufacturers
The Pet Food Industry Association of Australia is proud to promote standards of excellence in the
pet food industry through consideration of the needs of pets and the community; promoting the
benefits of responsible pet ownership and self regulation through industry standards.
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The mission of the Association is to promote standards of excellence in the development of the pet
food industry through:
• consideration of the needs of pets and the community;
• active promotion of the benefits of responsible pet ownership; and
• promotion of prepared pet food as the preferred method of pet nutrition and reinforced
through establishment and self regulation of industry standards.
The Association was established in September 1972 to promote standards of excellence in the pet
food industry in Australia.
http://www.pfiaa.com.au
Pet Industry Association of Australia (PIAA) - The Peak Industry Body representing pet industry
sectors including pet shops, boarding establishments, professional groomers and other pet
services providers.
The Pet Industry Association of Australia is the peak body for the pet industry in Australia – the only
industry Association in Australia to represent the entire range of businesses
involved in the pet industry.
Formed in 1979 (as PIJAC) the Pet Industry Association is owned and run by its members, who
believe in professionalism and high standards. The Mission of the Pet Industry Association is; through
education, excellence, enterprise and integrity; to represent members and lead the pet industry.
The Pet Industry Association works in cooperation with governments, animal welfare agencies and
other pet and animal groups nationally and also internationally. The Pet Industry Association makes
formal submissions on pet ownership and pet industry issues at the request of government agencies
and industry regulators. The Pet Industry Association is represented on many government steering,
consultation and advisory groups around Australia.
Creating an environment for members to learn new systems and technologies while embracing
best practice, the Pet Industry Association is committed to providing ongoing training opportunities
and accreditation of members.
The Pet Industry Association is self funded, promotes self regulation and is committed to raising the
standard for all Australian pet industry businesses. The Pet Industry Association offers members a
voice in controlling their own destiny.
http://www.piaa.net.au/
Petcare Information and Advisory Service Australia Pty Ltd (PIAS) - a non-commercial
organisation committed to the promotion of socially responsible pet ownership
The Petcare Information and Advisory Service Australia Pty Ltd (PIAS) was established in 1966 as an
autonomous, non-commercial organisation committed to promoting socially responsible
pet ownership.
Funding is provided by Mars Petcare as a community service and PIAS has as its charter:
• To educate owners on the responsibilities of pet ownership.
• To undertake original research on the relationship between man and companion animals.
• To ensure accurate and reliable information is available to all interested parties on pet
related issues.
• To encourage pet ownership in balance with society's needs, and help owners enjoy their pets.
• To provide information on and encourage the correct care of pets.
http://www.petnet.com.au
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are spread throughout in NSW, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia. Many are APVMA licensed
manufacturers which manufacture to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards and have built an
appreciable export business for Australian manufactured veterinary products.
VMDA is a member-driven association, and members are encouraged to contribute to the successful future
of the Animal Health industry by sharing their concerns and expertise with colleagues. The structure of the
VMDA is such that a diversity of issues is being addressed and presented to the regulatory authorities, the
Productivity Commission, the ANAO and other Government bodies. VMDA is able to provide a majority or
balanced industry position to organisations with which it interfaces.
http://www.vmda.com.au
RSPCA
The RSPCA is a community based charity that works to prevent cruelty to animals by actively promoting their
care and protection.
RSPCA Australia is a Federation of eight independent State and Territory RSPCA bodies called member
Societies. RSPCA member Societies do much of the hands on work traditionally associated with the RSPCA
such as the operation of shelters and the Inspectorate plus community education and fundraising.
RSPCA Australia is home to a strong science and campaigns team, with a particular focus on farm animal
issues. RSPCA Australia is responsible for facilitating national campaigns and events and representing the
interests of animal welfare with Government and industry across all areas.
http://www.rspca.com.au
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