Head Department:

Dr. Faten Shafik

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 ‫الزهراء طارق محمد‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫السيد حمدي السيد‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫السيد رضا السيد‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫السيد شريف السيد‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫السيد عبد الباقي السيد‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫الشيماء محمد راشد‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫امال عثمان حمدي‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫امال ناصر ابراهيم‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪ 9‬اماني احمد الطنطاوي‬
‫‪ 10‬اماني احمد مصطفي‬
‫‪ 11‬اماني ايمن عبد الباقي‬
‫‪ 12‬اماني عبد النبي محمد‬
‫‪ 13‬أماني عيد حموده‬
‫‪ 14‬أماني ممدوح محمود‬
‫‪ 15‬أمجد محمد عبد الحميد‬
‫‪ 16‬أمل أحمد محمد‬
‫‪ 17‬أمل حسام محمد‬
‫‪ 18‬أمل رمضان ابراهيم‬
‫‪ 19‬أمل سعيد محمد‬
‫‪ 20‬أمل سمير رمضان‬
‫‪ 21‬أمل ياسر إمام‬

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 Immunization

Out line:

• Introduction.
• Definition of immunization.
• Types of immunization.
• Mechanism of immunization.
• Benefits of immunization.
• Difference between immunization and vaccination.
• Child reaction to immunization, Side effects result from
immunization and it's complications.
• Nursing role to an immunizing child.
• Immunization schedule for all ages of child.
• References.

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Introduction:
Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against
infectious diseases through vaccination. Immunization prepares
our bodies to fight against diseases in case we come into
contact with them in the future.
Babies are born with some natural immunity which they get
from their mother and through breastfeeding. This gradually
wears off as the baby's own immune system starts to develop.
Having your child immunized gives extra protection against
illnesses which can kill.
Definition:
Immunization is the process whereby a person is made
immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by
the administration of a vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the
body’s own immune system to protect the person against
subsequent infection or disease.
Types of immunization:
1. Live attenuated (LAV):
Live-attenuated vaccines inject a live version of the germ or
virus that causes a disease into the body. Although the germ is
a live specimen, it is a weakened version that does not cause
any symptoms of infection as it is unable to reproduce once it is
in the body; such as Measles, mumps and rubella.
2. Inactivated (killed antigen):
inactivated vaccine uses a strain of a bacteria or virus that has
been killed with heat or chemicals. This dead version of the
virus or bacteria is then injected into the body; such as
Inactivated polio virus (IPV) and Hepatitis A.

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 3. Subunit (purified antigen):
Subunit, vaccines use particular parts of the germ or virus. They
can trigger very strong immune responses in the body because
they use a specific part of the germ; such as Pneumococcal and
Hepatitis B (HepB).
4. Toxoid (inactivated toxins):
Toxoid vaccines use toxins created by the bacteria or virus to
create immunity to the specific parts of the bacteria or virus
that cause disease, and not the entire bacteria or virus. The
immune response is focused on this specific toxin; such as
Tetanus toxoid (TT) and Diphtheria toxoid.
Mechanism of immunization :
▪ Immunization is action of stimulating your immune
system to fight off infection, with help of vaccine.
▪ When you get an immunization, you're injected with a
weakened form of (or a fragment of) a disease. This
triggers your body's immune response, causing it to either
produce antibodies to that particular ailment or induce
other processes that enhance immunity.
▪ Then, if you're ever again exposed to the actual disease-
causing organism, your immune system is prepared to
fight the infection. A vaccine will usually prevent the
onset of a disease or else reduce its severity.
Benefits of immunization:
The benefit of immunization is that:
1. Your child has the best possible protection against
dangerous diseases. This can give you peace of mind.
2. Immunization help prevent diseases that can cause
lifelong damage.

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 3. Immunization protects your child from harm caused by
many disease.
Difference between immunization and vaccination:
Vaccination:
It is the drug (weak pathogen/ inactivated viruses) that is
administered to a person to prevent the onset of a disease.
Immunization:
It is the body’s ability to generate an immune response
naturally, or through vaccines. These methods build immunity
or resistance towards a particular disease.
Child reaction to immunization, Side effects result from
immunization and it's complications:
-Most people don’t have any serious reaction and side effects
from vaccines.
-The most common reaction and side effects after vaccination
are mild; They include:
1. Soreness: where the shot was given are usually mild and
go away quickly on their own .
2. Redness, swelling, or tenderness where the shot was
given.
3. Sometimes, a small, hard lump (nodule) at the injection
site may persist for some weeks or months.
4. Mild fever.
5. Vomiting.
6. Loss of appetite.
7. Chills.
8. Pain and Feeling tired.
9. Allergic reaction.
10. Headache.

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 11. Muscle and joint aches.
12. Fainting can also happen.
-Serious reaction, side effects and complications of vaccines
are extremely rare. For example, if 1 million doses of a vaccine
are given, 1 to 2 people may have a severe allergic reaction.
-Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include:
1. Difficulty breathing.
2. Swelling of your face and throat.
3. A fast heartbeat.
4. A bad rash all over your body.
5. Dizziness and weakness.
Nursing role for immunizing child:
1. Assess child's history of immunizations
2. Educate the parents about the need to given and Obtain
signed consent for specific vaccines and the risk of before
giving vaccines.
3. Review past reactions to vaccines and describe common
potential reactions and why they occur.
4. Describe serious side effects that should be reported to
health care provider.
5. Nurse advise parents that Vaccines help keep children
healthy.
6. Nurse advice parents that Getting your child vaccinated
doesn’t just protect the child; it also protects your
community.
7. Tell parents about side effects of this medications.
8. Providing immunization to all children.
9. Using safe injection practice.
10. Home visit and follow up of immunized children.

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 11. Nurse should be kept up to date because any delay in
scheduled vaccines puts children at risk for common and
serious childhood infections.
12. Monitoring, including recognition and managing of any
physical or emotional reactions to vaccines.

Immunization schedule for all ages of child:

Finally …
Thanks to immunization efforts around the world, children can
walk, play, dance and learn. Immunized children do better in
schools, generating economic benefits that reach their
communities. Currently, vaccines are estimated to be among
the most effective means of promoting global well-being.

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References:
1. https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/immunizatio
ns-vaccines-power-of-preparation
2. https://healthtalk.org/immunisation/why-do-we-
immunise#
3. https://www.unicef.org/immunization
4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
5. https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-
vaccination-and-immunization/
6. https://vaccine-safety-training.org/types-of-vaccine-
overview.html
7. https://about.kaiserpermanente.org/our-story/our-
care/dont-wait-vaccinate
8. https://www.parentinginottawa.ca/en/immunizations.asp
x
9. https://www.slideshare.net/KavyaC8/immunization-or-
vaccination-of-children