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TOM Microproject
TOM Microproject
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
MICROPROJECT ON
YEAR
2020-2021
Project Guide
-----( S. MISTRY Sir)-----
(Lecturer in TOM )
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Master /Ms. MOHIT SHASHIKANT WANI, AAKASH KIRAN PATIL, KIRAN
PANDURANG PATIL, AKSHAY SURESH KHANGRE Roll No. 107,108,110,123 of 4th Semester of
Diploma in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon
(Code:0018) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the Subject – TOM (22438)
for the Academic Year 2021- 2022 asprescribed in the curriculum.
Seal of
Institutio
n
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON
-SUBMISSION-
I (Full Name) AKSHAY SURESH KHANGRE Roll No./Seat No. 123 as a student
of ……4th/2nd……. Sem/Year of the Programme Mechanical Engineering humbly submit
that I have completed from time to time the Practical/Micro-Project work as described in
this report by my own skills and study between the period
from……2021……to……2022 ............. as per instructions/guidance of (S.MISTRY Sir)
And that following students were associated with me for this work, however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.
And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other
literature in contravention of the academic ethics.
1) MOHIT SHASHIKANT WANI
2) AAKASH KIRAN PATIL
3) KIRAN PANDURANG PATIL
ROLL NAME OF STUDENT Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4 for Total out of
for performance in
NO. performance in oral/ presentation
10
group activity
107 Mohit Shashikant Wani
108 Aakash Kiran Patil
110 Patil Kiran Pandurang
123 Akshay Suresh Khangre
WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
12
Week Final submission of Micro 27/05/2021
Project
1) Elliptical trammel
2) Scotch yoke mechanism
3) Oldham's coupling
In this mini project we have tried to understand how the double slider and crank mechanism and
its inversions work and we have created animations based on that knowledge using solid works.
[1]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
[2]
CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
[3]
CHAPTER-2
2.1 FIRST INVERSION – ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL
Elliptical trammel is a drawing tool which is used to draw ellipse. In this mechanism a slotted lever
is used in which two groves are introduced. Both the slider moves along these groves. The
important thing is that these two groves are perpendicular to each other. While slider is in the
groves a connecting rod is used to connect these sliders and make the motion constrained. The
slotted Lever is fixed element in the mechanism.
When the sliders will move along the grooves, every point on the connecting rod will have a locus
of an ellipse. Different points of connecting rod will draw a different ellipse.
[4]
Fig. 2.2 Scotch Yoke Mechanism
This setup is most commonly used in control valve actuators in high-pressure oil and gas
pipelines.
Although not a common metalworking machine nowadays, crude shapers can use Scotch
yokes. Almost all those use a Whitworth linkage, which gives a slow speed forward cutting
stroke and a faster return.
It has been used in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine. SyTech
engine, and many hot air engines and steam engines.
The term scotch yoke continues to be used when the slot in the yoke is shorter than the
diameter of the circle made by the crank pin. For example, the side rods of a locomotive
may have scotch yokes to permit vertical motion of intermediate driving axles.
What is essentially a Scotch yoke is used in the Tide-Predicting Machine No. 2 to generate
a sinusoidal motion (Sine functions).
[5]
2.2.2 USES OF SCOTCH YOKE IN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
Under ideal engineering conditions, force is applied directly in the line of travel of the assembly.
The sinusoidal motion, cosinusoidal velocity, and sinusoidal acceleration (assuming constant
angular velocity) result in smoother operation. The higher percentage of time spent at top dead
Centre (dwell) improves theoretical engine efficiency of constant volume combustion cycles. It
allows the elimination of joints typically served by a wrist pin, and near elimination of piston skirts
and cylinder scuffing, as side loading of piston due to sine of connecting rod angle is mitigated.
The longer the distance between the piston and the yoke, the less wear that occurs, but greater the
inertia, making such increases in the piston rod length realistically only suitable for lower RPM
(but higher torque) applications.
The Scotch yoke is not used in most internal combustion engines because of the rapid wear of the
slot in the yoke caused by sliding friction and high contact pressures [citation needed]. This is
mitigated by a sliding block between the crank and the slot in the piston rod. Also, increased heat
loss during combustion due to extended dwell at top dead centre offsets any constant volume
combustion improvements in real engines. In an engine application, less percent of the time is
spent at bottom dead centre when compared to a conventional piston and crankshaft mechanism,
which reduces blowdown time for two-stroke engines. Experiments have shown that extended
dwell time does not work well with constant volume combustion Otto cycle engines. Gains might
be more apparent in Otto cycle engines using a stratified direct injection (diesel or similar) cycle
to reduce heat losses.
[6]
2.3.1 APPLICATIONS OF OLDHAM'S COUPLING
These components can accommodate parallel misalignment and act as a mechanical fuse
in industrial machinery.
The Applications of Oldham Coupling are mainly for robotics machinery and office
equipment such as a printer and copy machines.
The Oldham coupling has key features of promoting a light bearing load. It also stops
transmission of power during overload and reduces the risk of damage to expensive
machinery components. Furthermore, the Oldham coupling is a three piece design that
comprised of two anodized aluminum hubs and a torque transmission center disk. This is
an indispensable element in industrial machines.
[7]
CHAPTER-3
3.1 PROCEDURE
All the required parts for the mechanisms are sketched.
Solidworks 2018 software was used for the design of all the 3 mechanisms.
Design of each component is done separately, and is assembled on Solidworks.
Necessary constraints are imposed on the parts wherever required.
Basic motion analysis is used for creating the animation at suitable rpm, and is exported
to video format.
3.2 DESIGN
3.2.1 ELLIPTICAL TRAMMEL
Various parts:
1. Square Slotted Base (Fixed)
2. Two Sliders
3. Connecting Rod
[8]
3.2.2 SCOTCH YOKE MECHANISM
Various parts:
1. Sliding Yoke
2. Connecting rod
3. Crank
4. Pin
[9]
3.2.3 OLDHAM'S COUPLING
Various parts:
1. Driving shaft
2. Driven Shaft
3. Center disc
[10]
CONCLUSION
Through this project, we were successfully able to design and animate the movements of the double
slider crank mechanism and its inversions.
We infer that Double slider and crank mechanism is used in many types of engines especially in
internal combustions engines, and reciprocating engines. Proper design must be carried out. else
failure of the parts will occur. In actual making of the model, material is used according to the kind
of load. For high duty high carbon steel is used and for low duty cast iron is used. Proper
adjustment is carried to between the piston and cylinder side wall in order to avoid striking, and
for long life of machine. Size of crank is taken according to the desired rpm, and size of connecting
rod is taken according to the crank. Thus, calculations must be precise and accurate in order to
obtain an effective mechanism.
[11]
REFERENCES
https://www.scribd.com/document/453309820/Report-Double-Slider-Crank-Mechanism-
s-inversions
https://www.solidworks.com/
http://www.mechanicalwalkins.com/inversion-of-double-slider-crank-chain/
Bourke Engine Documentary, Published 1968. p50, "Appraising Engine Efficiency" para2
Norman W. Storer, Electric Locomotive, U.S. Patent 991,038, granted May 2, 1911. The
use of the scotch yoke is discussed on page 2 of the text.
[12]