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1st Quarter 2020-2021: Learning Activity Sheet Pre Calculus
1st Quarter 2020-2021: Learning Activity Sheet Pre Calculus
PRE CALCULUS
1st Quarter 2020-2021
1. define a parabola ;
2. determine the standard form of equation of a parabola ;
3. graph a parabola in a rectangular coordinate system; and
4. solve situational problem involving conic section(parabola).
I- ENGAGING ON TASK
I.1 Setting of Emotional Climate
1. Stand up.
2. Blink your left eye while simultaneously snapping your fingers with your right hand.
3. Now blink your right eye and while snapping with your left hand.
4. Try to blink one eye while snapping on the opposite side's hand 15 times in a row
alternating eye. In other words, blink your left eye while simultaneously snapping with
your right hand and then blinking your right eye while snapping with your left hand.
LINKING STATEMENT
Since you are familiar with geometry concepts and geometric shapes , we will now
discuss conic sections about circle , parabola , ellipse and hyperbola.
Notes:
Vertex to Focus is “a” while Focus to the axis either x and y-axis is “c”.F(a,c) V(h,k)
The distance from focus to vertex is the same from vertex to directrix.
Note : Directrix of the parabola is at the back of the parabola. (dot line in the fig.)
Fig.a Fig. b
Fig. c Fig. d
B. Parabola opening to the left, vertex not at the origin.
The standard equation of a parabola is (y-k)2 = -4a(x-h)
If the vertex is at the origin, then the equation will be y2 = -4ax
C. Parabola opening upward, vertex not at the origin.
The standard equation will be (x-h)2 = 4a( y-k).
If the vertex of a parabola is at the origin, then the equation will be x2 =4ay.
D. Parabola opening downward, vertex not at the origin.
The standard equation will be (x-h)2 = -4a(y-k).
If the vertex is at the origin, then the equation will be x2 = -4ay.
Example 1a. Find the equation of the parabola, directrix and axis of symmetry of the
parabola.
a) Vertex at the origin, Focus at ( 0, 5/2)
b) Vertex (5, -4) and Focus(3, -4)
Solutions
a) Parabola opens upward, vertex at the origin and focus at(0, 5/2) a=5/2
(x-0)2 = 4a(y-k) V(0,0) x2 = 4(5/2) y x2 = 20/2y x2 = 10 y and directrix y=- 5/2 and
axis of symmetry is y-axis(vertical line).
b) Parabola opens left, V(5, -4), F(3,-4) Dirextrix x=7, a=2
(y-k)2 =-4a(x-h) (y-(-4))2 =4(2) (x-5) (y+4)2 = 8(x-5)and axis of symmetry is at x-
axis( horizontal line).
Example 1b. Determine the vertex, Focus, directrix and axis of symmetry of the parabola.
a) y2 -5x + 12y = -16
b) 5x2 + 30x + 24y =51
Solutions. a) we complete the square on y and move x to the other side.
y2 + 12y = 5x -16
y2 + 12y +36 = 5x – 16 + 36 (completing square) 3rd term=( ½(12))2 =36
(y + 6)2 =5x + 20
( y + 6)2 = 5( x + 4)
V( -4, -6) F(- 2.75, - 6) directrix x= -5.25 axis of symmetry is at x –axis.
c) We complete the square of x and move y to the other side.
5 x2 + 30x = -24y + 51
5( x + 6x + 9) = -24y + 51 + 5(9)
5( x + 3)2 = -24 + 51 + 45
5( x + 3)2 = -24y + 96
( x + 3)2 = -24/5 ( y-4)
Parabola opens downward, V( -3, 4), F( -3, 2.8) directrix y=5.2 ans axis of
symmetry y-axis (vertical line)
4a=24/5 a= 24/20 a = 6/5 a= 1.2 4-1.2= 2.8 y=4 + 1.2 = 5.2
1.4 Testing of knowledge
Read and analyse the following questions. Write your answers on a sheet of paper .
1. How does the value of “a” in the given equation relate to the opening of the
graph of the parabola?
2. What is the relationship or rule can you formulate between the opening of the
graph of the parabola and its vertex?
III- DEEPENING EXERCISE
1.5 Productive Team Work
Instructions : You look for your partner to work on these problems . Follow these steps:
Step 1. Look for a partner .
Step 2. Agree with your partner on how to individually carry out the activity .
Step 3. Discuss your answers with your partner .
Step 4 . Agree and come up with one answer .
1. Find the coordinates of the vertex and focus of the parabola from the figure1.
2. Find the distance from vertex to the focus of x2 =y from the figure.
Situational problem
A satellite dish has a shape called a paraboloid, where each cross-section is a parabola. Since
radio signals ( parallel to the axis) will bounce off the surface of the dish to the focus, the
receiver should be placed at the focus. How far should the receiver be from the vertex, if the
dish is 12 ft across, and 4.5 ft deep at the vertex?
y
x
Solution
From the problem, x = 6 ft and y=4.5 ft, since the vertex of the parabola is at the
origin and the opening is upward, then the equation is x2 =4ay.
When x= 6 ft and y = 4.5 ft then substitute to the formula, will give you
X2 = 4ay
(6)2 = 4a(4.5)
36=18a
a=2 ft
Thus, the receiver should be 2 ft away from the vertex.
1.6. Knowledge Scanning
Which part of the process of solving you find difficult ? Why ?
A satellite dish in the shape of a paraboloid is 10 ft across, and 4 ft deep at the vertex.
How far is the receiver from the vertex, if it is placed at the focus? Round off your
answer to 2 decimal places.
1. Determine x and y .
2. Substitute to the formula x2 = 4ay.
3. Find a
V. REFLECTION / ACTION
What challenges did you encounter in this lesson ? How did you overcome them ?
References:
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