1 AS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Amendment No. 2
to
AS 3600:2018
Concrete structures

REVISED TEXT
The 2018 edition of AS 3600 is amended as follows; the amendments should be inserted in the appropriate
places.
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to the Table of contents, global change, Clauses 1.1.2. 1.7, 2.1.2,
2.5.2.2, 2.5.2.3, 3.1.1.1, 3.3.4.2, 4.10.2, 4.10.3.2, 5.3.1, 5.6.3, 5.7.2, 5.7.4.1, 6.2.7.1, 8.1.4, 8.1.5, 8.2.1.2,
8.2.1.3, 8.2.1.5, 8.2.1.6, 8.2.1.7, 8.2.3.1, 8.2.3.2, 8.2.3.3, 8.2.3.4, 8.2.4.1, 8.2.4.2.1, 8.2.4.2.2, 8.2.4.2.3,
8.2.4.3, 8.2.5, 8.2.5.4, 8.2.5.5, 8.2.5.6, 8.2.7, 8.2.8.1, 8.2.8.2, 8.3.1.4, 8.3.2.2, 8.3.3, 8.4.3, 8.6.1, 8.6.2.2,
8.6.2.3, 9.5.1, 9.5.2.1, 9.5.3.2, 10.7.3.1, 10.7.4.3, 11.2.1, 11.5.2, 11.6, 11.6.1, 11.6.3, 11.7.4, 11.7.5, 12.5,
12.5.1, 12.5.2, 12.5.3, 12.5.4, 12.5.5, 12.6, 13.1.2.2, 13.1.2.3, 13.1.2.7, 13.3.2.4, 13.3.3, 14.2.10, 14.5.4,
14.6.7, 16.1, 16.3.3.4, 16.4.2, 16.4.4.2.1, 16.4.7.2.1, 17.6.2.5, 17.7.2, 18.4, 18.8, 21.3.1 and 21.3.2,
Equations 8.2.1.5, 8.2.4.2.2(1), 8.2.4.2.2(2), 8.2.8.2(2), 8.4.3, 14.6.6, 10.8(1), 10.8(2), 18.3(1), 18.4(2) and
20.4.3(2), Tables 2.2.2, 2.2.5, 2.5.2.3(B), 3.1.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.1, 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.7.2, 8.6.3 and 13.1.2.3, and
Figures 8.2.8 and 18.8.
Published on 21 May 2021.

AMDT Table of contents

No. 2
MAY Under Appendices, delete ‘D’ and replace with ‘C’.
2021

AMDT Global change

No. 2
MAY Delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’ in all instances.
2021

AMDT Clause 1.1.2

No. 2
MAY Item (a)(i) insert ‘cylinder’ between ‘characteristic’ and ‘compressive’.
2021

AMDT Clause 1.7

No. 2
MAY 1 In the definition for ‘Ac’ delete ‘(see Clauses 5.6.3 and 7.2.3)’ and replace with ‘(see
2021 Table 5.6.4 and Clause 7.2.3)’.
2 In the definition for ‘b’ delete ‘wall thickness (see Table 5.7.2)’ and replace with
‘smaller column cross-sectional dimension if rectangular, or the column diameter if
circular (see Table 5.6.3, Table 5.6.4 and Clause 10.7.4.3)’.
3 In the definition for ‘b v ’ delete ‘Clause 8.2.6’ and replace with ‘Clause 8.2.1.5’.
4 Add the following:
CMOD = crack mouth opening displacement (see Clause 16.2.1)
COD = crack opening displacement (see Clause 16.2.2)
5 Delete ‘Dc’ including definition.
6 In the definition for ‘d f’ delete ‘tie (see Paragraph C4.2.2, Appendix C)’ and replace
with ‘fitment (see Clause 14.5.2.2)’.
7 In the definition for ‘Ds’ insert ‘; or’ after the words ‘drop panel’.
8 In the definition for ‘e’ delete ‘or’ and replace with ‘or’.

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 2

9 In the definition for fR,2m, delete ‘strengths’ and replace with ‘strength’.

10 Add the following:

fR,4m = mean residual flexural tensile strength corresponding to a CMOD of
3.5 mm, determined in accordance with Clause 16.3.3.7
11 Delete the definition for f cp and replace with the following:
‘characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at transfer’
12 Delete the definition for ‘ f w ’ and replace with the following:
‘characteristic residual tensile strength of SFRC corresponding to a COD w’
13 Add the following:
H = overall height of a wall measured from the boundary at its base to the
soffit or connection at its top, continuing through any intermediate
slabs or walls
14 Delete KS and replace with ks.
15 Delete ‘l0.fi’ and replace with ‘lo.fi’.
16 In the definition for p , delete ‘(see Clause 2.5.2.3)’ and replace with ‘(see
Clause 2.5.2.3); or’.
17 Add second definition for p, (next line) as follows:
= load factor for vertical component of prestress (see Clause 8.2)

AMDT Clause 2.1.2

No. 2
MAY First paragraph, second sentence, delete ‘when determining the static earthquake load for
2021 the structure to be able to resist the remainder of the earthquake loading inelastically’.

AMDT Table 2.2.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete the fourth row and replace with the following:
2021 (d) Bending with axial compression, where—
(i) N u  N ub 0.65k 
(ii) N u < N ub 0.65k  + [(   0.65k  ) (1  N u /N ub )]
and  is obtained from Item (b)
Short columns with Q/G  0.25,
k  = 1.0, otherwise, k  = 12/13

2 Add new Note 2 to table as follows (number existing Note as ‘1’:

‘2 For prestressed beams at transfer  = 0.6 (see Clause 8.1.6.2).’

AMDT Table 2.2.5, Note

No. 2
MAY Delete ‘Larger values than’ and replace with ‘Values larger than’.
2021

AMDT Clause 2.5.2.2

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
Except where otherwise stated in the Standard, stress resultants from the effects of
prestressing shall be included with a load factor of unity in load combinations for both
ultimate and service design.

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 3 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

For the case of permanent action plus prestressing force at transfer, the more severe of the
following shall be used:
(a) 1.15G  1.15 P; or
(b) 0.9 G  1.15P.
NOTE: See also Clauses 6.2.6 and 8.2.1.3.

AMDT Clause 2.5.2.3

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete Clause title and replace with ‘Actions and load combinations for fatigue’.
2021
2 Third paragraph, delete ‘values’ and replace with ‘value’.

AMDT Table 2.5.2.3(B)

No. 2
MAY Delete table title and replace with the following:
2021
REPRESENTATIVE VALUE FACTOR FOR PRESTRESS ( p).

AMDT Clause 3.1.1.1

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text, including title, and replace with the following:
2021
3.1.1.1 Characteristic compressive strengths
(a) The characteristic cylinder compressive strength of concrete at 28 days ( f c ) shall be
either—
(i) taken as equal to the specified strength grade, provided that curing is ensured
and that the concrete conforms with AS 1379; or
(ii) determined statistically from compressive cylinder strength tests carried out in
accordance with AS 1012.9.
The characteristic compressive cylinder strengths of the standard strength grades are
20 MPa, 25 MPa, 32 MPa, 40 MPa, 50 MPa, 65 MPa, 80 MPa, 100 MPa and
120 MPa.
(b)  ) shall be
The characteristic cube compressive strength of grout at 28 days ( f c.cube
ascertained in accordance with any of the following methods:
(i) Taken as equal to the specified strength grade, provided that curing is ensured.
or
(ii) Determined statistically from compressive cylinder strength tests carried out in
accordance with AS 1012.9 and converted to cube strength using Table 3.1.1.1.
or
(iii) Determined statistically from compressive cube strength tests carried out in
accordance with AS 1012.9. The cube strength test result shall be modified to
an equivalent cylinder strength in accordance with Table 3.1.1.1.

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 4

AMDT Table 3.1.1.1

No. 2
MAY Add new Table 3.1.1.1 as follows:
2021
TABLE 3.1.1.1
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYLINDER AND
CUBE STRENGTH AT 28 DAYS

fc 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 120

MPa

fc.cube 25 32 40 50 60 80 95 120 150
MPa

AMDT Table 3.1.2

No. 2
MAY
2021
Delete the table and replace with the following:
fc 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 120
MPa
fcm 25 31 39 48 59 75 91 110 128
MPa
fcmi 22 28 35 43 53 68 82 99 115
MPa
Ec 24 000 26 700 30 100 32 800 34 800 37 400 39 600 42 200 44 400
MPa

AMDT Table 3.2.1

No. 2
MAY Last row (Type, Stainless steel ribbed bar to BS 6744), column 3, delete ‘650’ and replace
2021 with ‘500’.

AMDT Clause 3.3.4.2

No. 2
MAY Delete the second paragraph.
2021

AMDT Clause 4.10.2

No. 2
MAY Second paragraph, delete ‘an’.
2021

AMDT Clause 4.10.3.2

No. 2
MAY Delete clause title and replace with the following:
2021
Required cover where standard formwork and compaction are used

AMDT Clause 5.3.1

No. 2
MAY Add new Note 2 as follows (number existing note as ‘1’):
2021
2 Eurocode 2 Part 1.2 Amendment 1 Annex C provides tabulated data for the fire design of a
range of slender reinforced concrete columns in braced and unbraced structures. The data in
these tables is based on the calculation methods recommended in Note 1.

 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au

 5 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 5.6.3

No. 2
MAY 1 Item (f), delete ‘Amount of reinforcement 4%’ and replace with the following:
2021
‘Area of longitudinal reinforcement As ≤ 0.04 Ag ’.
2 Equation 5.6.3(2), definitions list, delete symbol ‘lo .fi’ and replace with ‘lo.fi’ in two
instances.
3 After the definition to ‘lo.fi’ delete the line ‘Values for lo .fi < 2 metres are conservative
for lo .fi = 2 metres’ and replace with the following:
‘When lo.fi < 2 m, it is conservative to take lo.fi = 2 m in Equation 5.6.3(2)’.
4 In the definition for , delete ‘Ac’ and replace with ‘Ag ’.

AMDT Table 5.6.3

No. 2
MAY 1 Columns 3, 5, 7 and 9 of row 4 of headings, delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’.
2021
2 Legend, delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’.

AMDT Table 5.6.4

No. 2
MAY 1 Heading, second column, delete ‘Ac’ and replace with ‘Ag ’.
2021
2 Delete ‘ Dc’ and replace with ‘b’ throughout the table.
3 Legend, delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’.

AMDT Clause 5.7.2

No. 2
MAY First paragraph, delete ‘effective’.
2021

AMDT Table 5.7.2

No. 2
MAY 1 First row of heading, delete ‘b’ and replace with ‘tw ’.
2021
2 Fourth row of heading, delete ‘b’ and replace with ‘tw ’, in all instances.
3 Legend, delete ‘b’ and replace with ‘tw ’.

AMDT Clause 5.7.4.1

No. 2
MAY First line of the second paragraph, delete ‘b’ and replace with ‘tw ’.
2021

AMDT Clause 6.2.7.1

No. 2
MAY Item (d), delete ‘OCD’ and replace with ‘COD’.
2021

AMDT Clause 8.1.4

No. 2
MAY Delete Clause text and title and replace with the following:
2021
Dispersion angle of prestress and concentrated forces
In the absence of a more exact calculation, the dispersion angle when a concentrated load is
applied to a bearing surface shall be 60 (i.e. 30 either side of the line of action of the
concentrated load).
NOTE: This Clause includes the dispersion angle of a prestressing force applied at an anchorage.
Tensile splitting or bursting forces that arise from dispersion of a concentrated force shall
be designed in accordance with Section 7.

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 6

AMDT Clause 8.1.5

No. 2
MAY Item (b), delete ‘8.1.11.7 and 8.1.11.8’ and replace with ‘8.3.1.6 and 10.7.4’.
2021

AMDT Clause 8.2.1.2

No. 2
MAY 1 First paragraph, delete ‘8.2.5.4’ and replace with ‘8.2.5.5’.
2021
2 Definition for ‘bv ’, delete ‘8.2.1.4’ and replace with ‘8.2.1.5’.
3 After definition of bv delete the remainder of the clause.

AMDT Clause 8.2.1.3

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
‘Where the factored vertical component of prestress γp Pv is included in Clause 8.2,
including its subclauses, and where—
(a) Pv acts to reduce the shear stress resultant, then Pv is positive and γp = 0.90; or
(b) Pv acts to increase the shear stress resultant, then Pv is negative and γp = 1.15.’

AMDT Clause 8.2.1.5

No. 2
MAY Second sentence, delete ‘ dd  bw /8’ and replace with ‘dd  bw /8’.
2021

AMDT Equation 8.2.1.5

No. 2
MAY Delete the definition of dd and replace with the following:
2021
‘sum of the widths of prestressing ducts, if any, in a horizontal plane across the web’

AMDT Clause 8.2.1.6

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and title and replace with the following:
2021
8.2.1.6 Requirements for transverse shear reinforcement
Transverse reinforcement shall be provided in all regions for any of the following cases:

(a) V   p Pv  ksVuc
*
. . . 8.2.1.6(1)

where
(i) D  300 mm, ks = 1.0; or
(ii) 300 mm < D < 650 mm, ks = (1000  D)/700; or
(iii) D  650 mm, ks = 0.5
and p is given in Clause 8.2.1.3.
Irrespective of the above, where it is shown by rational calculation satisfying conditions of
equilibrium and compatibility that a shear failure of the structural component under
consideration will not cause collapse of the structure, ks may be taken as 1.0.
(b) T *  0.25Tcr . . . 8.2.1.6(2)
(c) The overall depth of the beam or one-way slab is D  750 mm . . . 8.2.1.6(3)

AMDT Clause 8.2.1.7

No. 2
MAY Delete the first sentence and replace with the following:
2021
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 7 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

‘Where transverse reinforcement is required, the minimum area (Asv.min) provided in a

concrete beam or slab shall be calculated from the following equation:’

AMDT Clause 8.2.3.1

No. 2
MAY Delete clause title and text and replace with the following:
2021
8.2.3.1 Design strength of a beam in shear and torsion
The design shear strength of a beam (Vu ) shall satisfy the following:
 Vu  V *   p Pv . . . 8.2.3.1(1)

where
Vu  Vuc  Vus
and
Vuc = determined from Clause 8.2.4
Vus = determined from Clause 8.2.5
Pv = vertical component of prestress at the section under consideration
(see Clause 8.2.1.3)
p = prestress load factor determined in accordance with Clause 8.2.1.3
The design torsional strength of a beam (Tus) shall satisfy:
Tus  T * . . . 8.2.3.1(2)
In addition, web crushing provisions of Clause 8.2.3.3 shall be satisfied.
NOTES:
1 Values for  are given in Table 2.2.2.
2 Transverse reinforcement calculated for shear and for torsion are additive (see
Clause 8.2.5.3).

AMDT Clause 8.2.3.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Item (b) and Item (b)(ii), delete ‘do’ and replace with ‘dv’.
2021
2 Second line of the paragraph after (b)(ii), replace ‘2do’ with ‘2dv’ in two instances.
3 At the end of the Clause add the following:
‘Notwithstanding the above, the maximum transverse shear at the face of the support
shall satisfy the requirements of Clause 8.2.3.3.’

AMDT Clause 8.2.3.3

No. 2
MAY Delete clause title and text and replace with the following:
2021
8.2.3.3 Shear and torsional strength limited by web crushing
The combined shear and torsional strength at a cross-section is limited by the shear force
when web crushing occurs (Vu.max), given by—
  cot  v  cot av  
Vu.max  0.55 0.9 f c'bv d v    ; or . . . 8.2.3.3(1)
 1  cot  v  
2


  cot  v  cot av  
Vu.max  0.55  0.9 f cp' bv d v    at transfer . . . 8.2.3.3(2)
 1  cot  v  
2


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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 8

where
dv = effective shear depth (see Clause 8.2.1.9)
v = angle of inclination of the compressive strut (see Clause 8.2.4.2)
v = angle between the transverse reinforcement and the longitudinal tensile
reinforcement

AMDT Clause 8.2.3.4

No. 2
MAY Delete clause title and text and replace with the following (Clause 8.2.3.4 has been
2021
incorporated into Clause 8.2.3.3.):
To avoid web crushing failure, the following shall be satisfied:
(a) For box sections:
(i) Where wall thickness tw > Aoh/uh

V *   p Pv T *uh Vu.max
  . . . 8.2.3.3(3)
bv d v 2 bv d v
1.7 Aoh
(ii) Where wall thickness tw ≤ Aoh/uh

V *   p Pv T* V
  u.max . . . 8.2.3.3(4)
bv d v 1.7tw Aoh bv d v
(b) For other sections:
2 2
 V *   p Pv   T *u  Vu.max
   h
  . . . 8.2.3.3(5)
 bv d v  2 bv d v
  1.7 Aoh 

where
Aoh = area enclosed by centre-line of exterior closed transverse torsion
reinforcement, including area of holes (if any)
uh = perimeter of the centre-line of the closed transverse torsion
reinforcement
Vu.max = ultimate shear strength limited by web crushing failure
tw = minimum wall thickness of the outer webs

AMDT Clause 8.2.4.1

No. 2
MAY Delete text in the first, second and third lines after Equation 8.2.4.1 up to and including the
2021 words ‘axial tension’ and replace with the following:
‘where f c shall not exceed 8.0 MPa. The value of kv and the concrete strut angle (v) shall
be determined in accordance with the general method of Clause 8.2.4.2. Alternatively, for
non-prestressed components not subject to axial tension or torsion,’.

AMDT Clause 8.2.4.2.1

No. 2
MAY 1 After clause title insert the following:
2021
The angle of inclination of the concrete compression strut to the longitudinal axis of
the member (v) shall be calculated as follows:

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 9 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

 v   29  7000 x  . . . 8.2.4.2(1)
2 Delete equation number ‘8.2.4.2(1)’ and replace with ‘8.2.4.2(2)’.
3 Delete equation number ‘8.2.4.2(2)’ and replace with ‘8.2.4.2(3)’.
4 Delete equation number ‘8.2.4.2(3)’ and replace with ‘8.2.4.2(4)’.
5 Delete equation number ‘8.2.4.2(4)’ and replace with ‘8.2.4.2(5)’.
6 Delete final paragraph and Equation 8.2.4.2(5) and insert the following:
where x is the longitudinal strain in the concrete at the mid-depth of the section,
determined in accordance with Clause 8.2.4.2.2.

AMDT Clause 8.2.4.2.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Second paragraph, delete ‘Where  x as calculated above is less than zero’ and
2021 replace with ‘Where  x as calculated above is less than zero (i.e. compression),’
2 Delete Item (a) and replace with the following:
‘M* and V* are absolute values and M* shall not be taken as less than (V* – pPv) dv’.
3 Paragraph immediately after existing Note 2, delete ‘do’ and replace with ‘dv’ in two
instances.
4 Delete Note 1 and replace with the following:
‘NOTE 1: fpo may be taken as 0.5fpb for bonded tendons outside the transfer length
and p for unbonded tendons.’
5 Note 2, undo note status (text reverted to body of Standard).

Equation 8.2.4.2.2(1)
AMDT
No. 2 Delete Equation 8.2.4.2.2(1) and replace with the following:
MAY
2021
M * d v  V *   p Pv  0.5 N *  Apt f po
x   3.0  103
2  Es Ast  E p Apt 

AMDT Equation 8.2.4.2.2(2)

No. 2
MAY Delete Equation 8.2.4.2.2(2) and replace with the following:
2021
M * d v  V *   p Pv  0.5 N *  Apt f po
x  within the limits  0.2  103   x  0

2 Es Ast  Ep Apt  Ec Act 

AMDT Clause 8.2.4.2.3

No. 2
MAY 1 Paragraph immediately after existing Note 2, delete ‘do’ and replace with ‘dv’ in two
2021 instances.
2 Note 2, undo note status (text reverted to body of Standard).
3 Delete Equation 8.2.4.2.3(1) and replace with the following:
2
 0.9T *u h 
M*
V 
2
* *
   p Pv    0.5 N  Apt f po
dv  2 Ao  . . . 8.2.4.2.3(1)
x   3.0  103

2 Es Ast  E p Apt 
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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 10

4 Delete Equation 8.2.4.2.3(2) and replace with the following:

2

V 
M* *
2  0.9T *u h  *
   p Pv    0.5 N  Apt f po
dv  2 Ao  . . . 8.2.4.2.3(2)
x 

2 Es Ast  Ep Apt  Ec Act 
5 Delete Equation 8.2.4.2.3(3) and replace with the following:
2
 0.9T *uh 
 
2
M *  dv V *   p Pv   . . . 8.2.4.2.3(3)
 2 Ao 
6 Note 1, delete note text and replace with the following:
‘fpo may be taken as 0.5fpb or p.ef for bonded tendons outside of the transfer length
and p.ef for unbonded tendons.’

AMDT Clause 8.2.4.3

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
‘For normal weight concrete with f c' ≤ 65 MPa, the angle of inclination of the compression
strut (θv) may be taken as 36°, and the value of kv may be determined as follows:
Asv Asv.min 200
(a) For  then k v   0.15 . . . 8.2.4.3(1)
s s 1000  1.3d v 
Asv Asv.min
(b) For  then k v  0.15 . . . 8.2.4.3(2)
s s

AMDT Clause 8.2.5

No. 2
MAY Delete the title and replace with the following:
2021
Transverse shear and torsion reinforcement contribution

AMDT Clause 8.2.5.4

No. 2
MAY Delete clause.
2021

AMDT Clause 8.2.5.5

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
Where torsional reinforcement is required as specified in Clause 8.2.3.1 or where torsional
strength is not required for the equilibrium of the structure and Clause 8.2.1.2 applies—
(a) longitudinal torsional reinforcement shall be provided in accordance with
Clauses 8.2.7 and 8.2.8; and
(b) minimum transverse reinforcement shall be provided to satisfy the greater of—
(i) the minimum shear reinforcement required by Clause 8.2.1.7 in the form of
closed fitments; and
(ii) a torsional capacity equal to 0.25Tcr, where Tcr is calculated using
Equation 8.2.1.2(2).

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 11 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 8.2.5.6

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
The value of Tus shall be determined from the following equation:
Asw f sy.f
Tus  2 Ao cot  v . . . 8.2.5.6
s
where
Ao = area enclosed by the shear flow path, including any holes therein
For solid sections Ao shall be taken as equal to 0.85Aoh.
Aoh = area enclosed by the centre-line of the exterior closed transverse torsion
reinforcement
θv = as calculated in Clause 8.2.4

AMDT Clause 8.2.7

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and title and replace with the following:
2021
Additional longitudinal tension forces caused by shear and torsion
The additional longitudinal force caused by shear and/or torsion shall be as follows:
ΔFtd  ΔFtds  ΔFtdt . . . 8.2.7(1)
where
(a) For shear:

 
ΔFtds  0.5 V *   p Pv  Vuc cot  v , but not less than zero 8.2.7(2)

(b) For torsion:

uo
ΔFtdt  0.5T * cot  v , but not less than zero 8.2.7(3)
2 Ao
and
p is given in Clause 8.2.1.3 and  is determined from Table 2.2.2(e).

uo = area enclosed by the shear flow path, including any holes therein

For solid sections uo shall be taken as equal to 0.92uh.

In Equation 8.2.7(2) the term 0.5(V* – p P v +  V uc ) shall not be taken as greater than (V* –
 p Pv ).

AMDT Clause 8.2.8.1

No. 2
MAY Delete the first sentence and replace with the following:
2021
‘Reinforcement shall be provided to resist the sum of the tension forces including tension
caused by flexure, shear, torsion and applied axial forces, and is shown in Figure 8.2.8.’

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 12

AMDT Clause 8.2.8.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete the first sentence and replace with the following:
2021
‘An area of reinforcement and tendons shall be provided to resist the total tension
force at every section calculated from—’
2 Delete text following Equation 8.2.8.2(1) and replace with the following:
‘but need not be more than that required at the section with the maximum tension
force demand for flexure, axial force and torsion.
In Equation 8.2.8.2(1) —
(i) z is the internal lever arm between the centroids of the resultant flexural
compression force acting on the section and the resultant flexural tension force;
and
(ii) N* is taken as positive for tension and negative for compression;
3 Delete the final paragraph including Items (a) and (b) and replace with the following:
‘Alternatively, for reinforced concrete members not designed for axial tension or
torsion and where there are no sudden changes in the calculated tension force, the
above may be deemed to be satisfied by extending the flexural tensile reinforcement
by a distance dv cotv (see Figure 8.2.8), where dv and v are taken at the section
under consideration.’

AMDT Equation 8.2.8.2(2)

No. 2
MAY Delete equation and replace with the following:
2021
‘ Ast fs  Apt pu  Ttd  . . . 8.2.8.2(2)
where fs is the maximum tensile stress that can be developed in the reinforcement at the
section under consideration, but not greater than the yield strength fsy.’

AMDT Figure 8.2.8

No. 2
MAY Delete existing Figure 8.2.8 and replace with the following:
2021

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 13 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 8.3.1.4

No. 2
MAY Item (b), delete ‘Vu ≥ V*eq cot v, where for members without shear reinforcement v is
2021 taken as 30.’ and replace with ‘Vu ≥ 1.5(V* − p Pv)’.

AMDT Clause 8.3.2.2

No. 2
MAY Delete the first paragraph and replace with the following:
2021
‘Shear reinforcement shall be spaced longitudinally not further apart than 0.5D or 300 mm,
whichever is less. Where V* ≤ Vu.min, the spacing may be increased to 0.75D or 500 mm,
whichever is less.’

AMDT Clause 8.3.3

No. 2
MAY Item (b), fifth line, delete ‘0.12ut’ and replace with ‘0.12uh’.
2021

AMDT Equation 8.4.3

No. 2
MAY After Equation 8.4.3, insert ‘≤ lesser of ( 0.2 f c , 10 MPa)’.
2021

AMDT Clause 8.6.1

No. 2
MAY 1 Title, delete ‘for reinforced concrete beams’.
2021
2 Delete the last line of the third paragraph and Notes, and replace with the following:
accordance with—
(i) Clause 8.6.2 for reinforced concrete sections and sections containing unbonded
tendons;
(ii) Clause 8.6.3 for sections containing bonded tendons; and
(iii) Clause 16.4.7.4 for sections containing steel fibres.
Under direct loading, the calculated tensile steel stress (scr.1 ) shall not exceed 0.8fsy.
Bars with a diameter less than half the diameter of the largest bar in the section shall
be ignored when determining spacing.
NOTES:
1 It is possible that the width of some cracks in the actual structure may exceed the
maximum characteristic value specified in design.
2 Design bending moments at the serviceability limit state will normally be estimated using
elastic analysis. Substantial errors may result where the actual in-service moments are
likely to have redistributed significantly from the elastic distribution.

AMDT Clause 8.6.2.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete initial statement and Item (a) and replace with the following:
2021
‘The calculated steel stress (scr) on the cracked section shall comply with the
following:
(a) For beams primarily subject to tension, scr shall not exceed the maximum steel
stress given in Table 8.6.2.2(A) for the largest nominal diameter (db) of the bars
in the section.’
2 Item (b), delete ‘the calculated tensile steel stress (scr)’ and replace with ‘scr’.
3 Delete the Note.

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 14

AMDT Clause 8.6.2.3

No. 2
MAY 1 Definition for ‘Ac.eff’, delete ‘hc.ef’ and replace with ‘hc.eff’.
2021
2 Delete Equation 8.6.2.3(3) and replace with the following:
sr,max = 3.4c + 0.3 k1 k2 db/peff  1.3(D – kd)
3 Definition for ‘db’, add the following:
Where a mixture of bar diameters is used in a section, an equivalent bar diameter
(db.eq) shall be used. For a section with n1 bars of diameter db1 and n2 bars of diameter
db2, the following expression shall be used:
2 2
n1d b1  n2 d b2
d b.eq  8.6.2.3(4)
n1d b1  n2 d b2

AMDT Table 8.6.3

No. 2
MAY Delete table and replace with the following:
2021
TABLE 8.6.3
Nominal bar diameter Maximum increment of steel stress for flexure in prestressed beams
(d b ) MPa
mm

wmax  0.2 mm 
wmax  0.3 mm 
wmax  0.4 mm

 12 240 300 350

16 200 260 300
20 170 220 260
24 145 195 225
 28 120 185 210
All bonded tendons 120 185 210

AMDT Clause 9.5.1

No. 2
MAY 1 Title, delete ‘for reinforced concrete slabs’.
2021
2 Item (a) delete ‘tensile zone of a beam’ and replace with ‘tensile zone of a slab’
3 Delete Item (b) and replace with the following:
‘Unless cracking is deemed to be controlled by prestress in accordance with
Clause 9.5.2.3, the centre-to-centre spacing of bars in each direction shall not exceed
the lesser of 2.0Ds or 300 mm. Bars with a diameter less than half the diameter of the
largest bar in the cross-section shall be ignored.’
4 Add Note 3 as follows:
3 Design bending moments at the serviceability limit states will normally be estimated
using elastic analysis. Substantial errors may result where the actual in-service moments
are likely to have redistributed significantly from the elastic distribution.

AMDT Clause 9.5.2.1

No. 2
MAY 1 Add new Item (c) as follows:
2021
‘(c) The calculated tensile steel stress (scr.1 ) shall not exceed 0.8fsy.’.
2 Delete Note.

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 15 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 9.5.3.2

No. 2
MAY Second sentence of Item (b) to be a separate paragraph (text relative to whole clause) as
2021 follows:
The maximum centre-to-centre spacing of bars required to control cracking due to
shrinkage and temperature effects in the primary direction shall be in accordance with
Clause 9.5.1(b).

AMDT Clause 10.7.3.1

No. 2
MAY After the second paragraph of Item (b)(ii) insert the following note:
2021
NOTE: See also Clauses 14.4.3, 14.5.4 and 14.5.5 for additional provisions for members
subject to earthquake actions.

AMDT
No. 2
Clause 10.7.4.3
MAY
2021
1 Item (b)(i), delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’.
2 Item (b)(ii), including symbol definition, delete ‘Dc’ and replace with ‘b’ in both
instances.

Equation 10.8(1)
AMDT
No. 2 Delete Equation 10.8(1) and replace with the following:
MAY
2021  0.33  0.25
f ce  1.33   f cs  f cc
 hb hb

AMDT Equation 10.8(2)

No. 2
MAY Delete Equation 10.8(2) and replace with the following:
2021
 0.3  0.2
f ce  1.1   f cs  f cc
 h b hb

AMDT
No. 2 Clause 11.1
MAY
2021 In Item (b)(ii) delete ‘Clause 11.6’ and replace with ‘Clause 11.6 or 8.2’.

AMDT Clause 11.2.1

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete ‘Clause 10.7.1(a)’ and replace with ‘Clause 10.7.1(b)’ throughout the clause.
2021
2 After item (b)(ii), insert the following:
‘The wall shall be designed for horizonal shear forces in accordance with Clause 11.6
or Clause 8.2.’
3 Delete the last paragraph and replace with the following:
When considering design actions due to earthquake, the determination of whether the
horizontal cross-section of a wall is subject to compression over the entire section
shall be based on a lateral analysis undertaken using a structural ductility factor () of
1.00 and a structural performance factor (Sp) of 1.0, in accordance with AS 1170.4.

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 16

AMDT Clause 11.5.2

No. 2
MAY 1 After item (a) insert ‘and’.
2021
2 Delete text of Item (b) and replace with the following:
‘not be constructed on sites with soil classifications of De or Ee, as defined in AS 1170.4,
and in a building subject to design earthquake actions; and’

AMDT Clause 11.6

No. 2
MAY Delete Hw and replace with H throughout the clause.
2021

AMDT Clause 11.6.1

No. 2
MAY Delete clause and replace with the following:
2021
All sections of a wall shall be designed for the shear force at that section. The maximum
transvers shear near the base of the wall may be taken as that at a distance Lw/2 or H/2 from
the base, whichever is less.

AMDT Clause 11.6.3

No. 2
MAY Delete Equations 11.6.3(1) and 11.6.3(2) of Items (a) and (b) and replace with the
2021 following:
(a) For H/Lw  1—
 H 
Vuc   0.66 f c  0.21 f c  0.8 Lw t w ; or . . . 11.6.3(1)
 Lw 
(b) For H/Lw > 1, the lesser of the values calculated from Item (a) above; and—
 
 
0.1 f c 
Vuc  0.05 f c  0.8Lw t w . . . 11.6.3(2)
 H 
   1 
  Lw 

but not less than 0.17 f c (0.8 Lw t w )

AMDT Clause 11.7.4

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
In addition to providing transverse reinforcement required for any design actions, the
following restraint to vertical reinforcement provisions shall be satisfied:
(a) For all walls in structures with a structural ductility factor (μ) greater than 1.0, the
vertical reinforcement shall be restrained in accordance with Clause 14.6.
(b) For walls with concrete strength not exceeding 50 MPa and designed as columns in
accordance with Section 10, the vertical reinforcement shall be restrained in
accordance with Clause 10.7.4 unless one or more of the following conditions is met,
in which case no restraint is required:
(i) N* ≤ 0.5 Nu.
(ii) The vertical reinforcement is not used as compressive reinforcement.
(iii) The vertical reinforcement ratio is not greater than 0.01 and a minimum
horizontal reinforcement ratio of 0.0025 is provided.

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 17 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

(c) For walls with concrete strength not exceeding 50 MPa and designed using the
simplified method in accordance with Clause 11.5, no restraint of vertical
reinforcement is required.
(d) For walls with a concrete strength exceeding 50 MPa, the core of the wall shall be
confined, and the vertical reinforcement shall be restrained as follows:
(i) In accordance with Clause 14.5.4 for walls designed as columns in accordance
with Section 10 where N* > 0.15 f c' Ag and M* > 0.6ϕMu.
(ii) In accordance with Clause 14.5.4 for walls designed using the simplified
method in accordance with Clause 11.5 where N* in any portion of the wall is
greater than 0.5ϕNu.
(iii) For all other scenarios:
(A) Provide U bars, fully lapped with the horizontal reinforcement at the ends
of the walls and corners of the walls.
(B) U bars shall have a maximum spacing of the lesser of the wall thickness
tw and 200 mm.
(C) Regions over a distance of the greater of 2 tw and 0.15Lw from the ends of
the wall and corners required to have ties as specified in Clauses 10.7.3
and 10.7.4.

AMDT Clause 11.7.5

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
Dowels shall be provided to satisfy requirements for axial force, bending, horizontal shear
and any other load effects at the joint. Dowels shall meet the following minimum
requirements:
(a) Where structural ductility factor (μ) greater than 1.0 has been used in the earthquake
analysis, dowels shall be capable of transferring the yield force of the vertical wall
reinforcement in the wall through the joint. As a minimum, Ast,dowel shall be greater
than Ast,wall.
(b) For earthquake design actions using a structural ductility factor (μ) of 1.0 and a
structural performance factor (Sp) of 0.77 or greater, and for any other non-earthquake
loading scenarios (e.g. wind actions):
(i) For walls that remain in net compression there are no special requirements.
(ii) For walls that do not remain in net compression, the area of dowel
reinforcement shall be equal to at least 50% of the wall reinforcement, Ast,dowel ≥
0.5Ast,wall.
The dowel reinforcement shall always be greater than the amount corresponding to the
minimum reinforcement ratio calculated using Clause 11.7.1 and all dowels shall be fully
anchored in accordance with Section 13, regardless of the above scenarios.

AMDT Clause 12.5

No. 2
MAY Delete title and replace with the following:
2021
BEARING ZONES BEHIND CONCENTRATED FORCES AND PRESTRESSING
ANCHORAGES

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 18

AMDT Clause 12.5.1

No. 2
MAY Delete the paragraph and replace with the following:
2021
Components subjected to concentrated forces, including anchorage zones in post-tensioned
concrete members, shall be designed in accordance with Section 7. Alternatively, this
section may be used for post-tensioned anchorage zones in cases having no more than two
anchorages in any elevation or plan.

AMDT Clause 12.5.2

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete the first paragraph and replace with the following:
2021
Reinforcement shall be provided to carry tensile forces that arise from the action and
dispersal of concentrated loads or prestressing forces in the zone behind the point of
bearing.
2 First sentence of second paragraph after ‘anchorage’ insert ‘or bearing’.
3 In the last sentence of the second paragraph, after ‘anchorages’ insert ‘or bearing
zones’.
4 Last sentence of third paragraph, after ‘anchorage’ insert ‘or bearing’.

AMDT
No. 2 Clause 12.5.3
MAY
2021 Delete clause title and replace with the following:
Loading cases to be considered for prestressing systems

Clause 12.5.4
AMDT
No. 2 1 Delete clause title and replace with the following:
MAY
2021 Calculation of tensile forces along the line of a concentrated load or anchorage
force
2 First paragraph, delete ‘anchorage force shall’ and replace with ‘anchorage force or
concentrated load shall’.
3 Delete definition of P and replace with ‘the maximum applied load (for prestressing
systems equals the maximum load applied during jacking)’.
4 Definition of kr, delete ‘an anchorage’ and replace with ‘a’.
5 Last paragraph, delete ‘anchorage’ and replace with ‘anchorage or bearing plate’.

AMDT
No. 2 Clause 12.5.5
MAY
2021 Delete ‘anchorage’ and replace with ‘anchorage or bearing plate’ throughout clause.
AMDT
No. 2 Clause 12.6
MAY
2021 Delete the first paragraph and replace with the following:
Unless special confinement reinforcement is provided, the maximum design bearing stress
at a concrete surface shall not exceed—

AMDT Clause 13.1.2.2

No. 2
MAY Last paragraph, delete ‘Values of k for individual bars are given in Figure 13.1.2.3’.
2021

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 19 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 13.1.2.3

No. 2
MAY Symbol K, third definition, delete the third ‘=’.
2021

AMDT Table 13.1.2.3

No. 2
MAY Table title, delete ‘k’ and replace with ‘K’.
2021

AMDT Clause 13.1.2.7

No. 2
MAY 1 Item (a), delete ‘17.2.3.2’ and replace with ‘17.2.3.3’.
2021
2 Item (c), delete ‘17.2.3.2’ and replace with ‘17.2.3.3’.

AMDT Clause 13.3.2.4

No. 2
MAY Third line, delete ‘tensile strength’ and replace with ‘characteristic minimum breaking
2021 strength’.

AMDT Clause 13.3.3

No. 2
MAY First sentence, delete ‘minimum tensile strength’ and replace with ‘characteristic minimum
2021 breaking strength’.

AMDT Clause 14.2.10

No. 2
MAY 1 First paragraph, delete ‘Wall’ and replace with ‘Walls’.
2021
2 First paragraph, delete ‘attracts’ and replace with ‘attract’.
3 After the last paragraph, insert the following:
Short or squat walls, as defined in Clause 14.4.4.4, shall be treated as non-ductile
walls in accordance with Clause 14.3.

AMDT Clause 14.5.4

No. 2
MAY 1 Delete ‘closed ties’ and replace with ‘closed fitments’ throughout clause.
2021
2 Delete Item (b) and replace with the following:

 fsy.f 
‘24   times the diameter of the fitment bar’.
 500 
3 Third paragraph, delete ‘first tie’ and replace with ‘first fitment’.

Fifth paragraph, delete ‘ Pu   0.3Ag fc ’ and replace with ‘ N   0.3Ag fc ’.

' * '
4

AMDT Clause 14.5.5

No. 2
MAY Delete ‘closed ties’ and replace with ‘closed fitments’ throughout clause.
2021

AMDT Equation 14.6.6

No. 2
MAY Delete equation and replace with the following:
2021
 1.6 M  *    * 
Vu  min  u
* 
V ;  V 
  M   S p  

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 20

AMDT Clause 14.6.7

No. 2
MAY 1 Fourth paragraph, delete ‘Figure 14.6.7(C)’ and replace with ‘Clause 14.6.7(c)’.
2021
2 Delete items (A), (B), and (C) and replace with the following:
(i) The ends of all horizontal lapped bars within the central two-thirds region of
the wall (i.e. the web region) shall be provided with minimum 135° hooks and
lapped with a full-strength splice [see Figure 14.6.7(D)].
(ii) At the ends of walls, where boundary elements exist, horizontal bars shall be
provided with hooks or cogs and fully developed and anchored into the
confined concrete core of the boundary element or lapped with U bars with a
lap length equal to 1.2Lsy.t.lap. Where no boundary element is required, or the U
bar provisions of Clause 14.6.2.2 apply, ends of horizontal bars shall be
terminated at the end of the wall with full tension laps with U bars of the same
diameter.
(iii) Ductility Class L reinforcement shall not be used as structural reinforcement.

AMDT Clause 16.1, Note 2

No. 2
MAY Delete ‘NCC 2016’ and replace with ‘NCC’.
2021

AMDT Clause 16.3.3.4

No. 2
MAY 1 After Item (b) delete ‘k3Dtb’ and replace with ‘k3Dt’
2021
2 Delete the first equation under Item (b) and replace with the following:
1
k3Dt  1 . . . 16.3.3.4(1)
0.94  0.6lf / b
3 Renumber existing Equation 16.3.3.4(1) to 16.3.3.4(2).
4 Renumber existing Equation 16.3.3.4(2) to 16.3.3.4(3).
5 In the first line under existing Equation 16.3.3.4(2), delete ‘Clause 16.3.3.8’ and
replace with ‘Clause 16.3.3.7’.
6 Item (g) delete ‘compressive strength  f c ’ and replace with ‘characteristic
compressive strength  f c ’.

AMDT Clause 16.4.2

No. 2
MAY Definition for Actu, delete ‘at the ultimate’ and replace with ‘at the ultimate limit state’.
2021

AMDT Clause 16.4.4.2.1

No. 2
MAY 1 Equation 16.4.4.2.1(1), delete equation and replace with the following:
2021
Vuf  ks kg d v bv f w cot  v

2 Under listing of symbol definitions, delete ‘Ks’ and replace with ‘ks’.
3 Definition for kg, delete ‘, where area of concrete within the tensile zone (mm2) at
ultimate is calculated as Actu = bvdvcotv’.

AMDT Clause 16.4.7.2.1

No. 2
MAY 1 First paragraph, delete 0.6fcm(t)and replace with 0.6fcmi(t).
2021
2 First paragraph, delete 0.4fcm(t) and replace with 0.4fcmi(t).
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 21 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021

AMDT Clause 17.6.2.5

No. 2
MAY First line, after ‘supports or’ insert ‘backprops’.
2021

AMDT Clause 17.7.2

No. 2
MAY Clause title, delete ‘diaphrams’ and replace with ‘diaphragms’.
2021

AMDT Equation 18.3(1)

No. 2
MAY Delete equation and replace with the following
2021
ct,max  c,max /38.5

AMDT Equation 18.4(2)

No. 2
MAY
 and replace with fct .
Delete fct,f
2021

AMDT Clause 18.4, Note

No. 2
MAY
 and replace with fct .
Delete fct,f
2021

AMDT Clause 18.8

No. 2
MAY Paragraph after Equation 18.8(2), delete the words ‘The yield strength should be verified by
2021 tensile tests for the steel used’.

AMDT Figure 18.8

No. 2
MAY Delete the figure, including title, and replace with the following:
2021

18.8 INDICATIVE S-N CURVE FOR REINFORCING STEEL AND TENDONS

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 AS/NZS 3600:2018 Amd 2:2021 22

AMDT Equation 20.4.3(2)

No. 2
MAY Delete Equation and replace with the following:
2021
Vu 1   uM *   8V *aD   . . . 20.4.3(2)

AMDT Clause 21.3.1

No. 2
MAY Delete clause text and replace with the following:
2021
Two-way footings—
(a) minimum flexural reinforcement shall be designed in accordance with—
(i) Section 9; or
(ii) Section 16;

minimum tensile reinforcement ratio shall be given by 0.19  D / d  f ct.f

2
(b)  / f sy ; and

(c) for fibre reinforced concrete, the minimum fibre dosage shall conform with
Clause 16.3.3.8.

AMDT Clause 21.3.2

No. 2
MAY Delete ‘shall be designed in accordance with’ and replace with ‘shall conform with the
2021 requirements of’.

 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au