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"Indirect Tax (GST) ": A Project On
"Indirect Tax (GST) ": A Project On
“INDIRECT TAX(GST)”
SUBMITTED TO
LAXMAN DEVRAM SONAWANE COLLEGE
COMPLETION OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN COMMERCE
(ADVANCED ACCOUNTANCY)
SEMESTER 4 (2021‐22)
UNDER THE FACULTY OF COMMERCE
SUBMITTED BY:
MS. PREETI BRIJRAJ SINGH TOMAR
ROLL NO 43
M.COM PART II
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PRO MS. MANYA HARDWANI
LAXMAN DEVRAM SONAWANE COLLEGE
ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE
OPPOSITE OF FIRE STATION, NEAR DURGADI KILLA
KALYAN (W)‐ 421301
SEM 4 (2021‐22)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that MS. PREETI BRIJRAJ SINGH TOMAR, ( Roll No. 43) has worked
and duly completed her Project Work for the degree of Master in Commerce under
the Faculty of Commerce in the subject of (ADVANCED ACCOUNTANCY) and his
project is entitled , “INDIRECT TAX(GST)” under my supervision .
It is his own work and facts reported by her personal findings and investigations.
External Examiner
Name And Signature Of
Guiding
Teacher
Date Of Submission:
DECLARATION BY LEARNER
I the undersigned MS. PREETI BRIJRAJ SINGH TOMAR (Roll No. 43 ) here by,
declare that the work embodied in this project work titled “INDIRECT
TAX(GST)” forms my own contribution to the research work carried out
under the guidance of Prof. MS. MANYA HARDWANI is a result of my own
research work and has not been previously submitted to any other University
for any other Degree/ Diploma to this or any other University.
Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been
clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.
I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been
obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical
conduct.
Name and
Signature of
the learner
Certified by
Name and signature of the Guiding Teacher
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and
fresh dimensions in the completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me
chance to do this project.
I would like to thank my Principal , Ms. Annie Antony for providing the necessary
facilities required for completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator Prof. Dr. Kesar Lalchandani,
for her moral support and guidance.
Prof. MS. Manya Hardwani whose guidance and care made the project
successful.
I would like to thank my College Library , for having provided various reference
books and magazines related to my project.
Lastly , I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly
helped me in the completion of the project especially my Parents and Peers
who supported me throughout my project.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 SHARE ALLSCATED IN IPO
1.3 REASON WHY A COMPANY DECIDED TO GO
PUBLIC
1.4 VARIOUS STEPS IN ORDER TO GO PUBLIC
1.5 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
1.6 BENEFITS OF IPO FOR COMPANY
1.7 ADVANTAGES
1.8 DISADVANTAGES
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODLOGY 21
2.1 NEED OF THE STUDY
2.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
2.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
2.4 TYPES OF RESEARCH
2.5 RESEARCH DESIGN
2.6 SAMPLING
2.7 PERIOD OF STUDY
2.8 SAMPLING SIZE
2.9 DATA COLLETION
25
CHAPTER 3 – REVIEW OF LITERATURE
3.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
CHAPTER 4 – DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPREATION 29
4.1 DESCRIPTIVE & STATIC
4.2 PIE CHARTS
44
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION
5.1CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION
48
CHAPTER 6 – BIBLOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNARIE
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION:
In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in the
number of Indian firms which went public. These firms aim to
obtain funds for various purposes such as expansion,
diversification, financing their working capital needs, purchasing
an asset, debt reconstruction, etc. One of the major sources of
raising required funds for these firms is by opting for an Initial
Public Offer (IPO). Chauhan defined an IPO as a process of
selling of securities to thepublic in the primary market.
Book Building:
SEBI guidelines defines Book Building as "a process undertaken by
which a demand for the securities proposed to be issued by a body
corporate is elicited and built-up and the price for such securities is
assessed for the determination of the quantum of such securities to be
issued by means of a notice, circular, advertisement, document or
information memoranda or offer document".
1. 100% of the net offer to the public through book building process.
2. 75% of the net offer to the public through book building process
and 25% at the price determined through book building. The
Fixed Price portion is conducted like a normal public issue after
the Book Built portion, during which the issue price is
determined.
The concept of Book Building is relatively new in India. however it is
a common practice in most developed countries.
SEBI approval:
The prospectus is presented to the Securities and Exchange
Board of India (SEBI). If SEBI is satisfied, it green-lights the
initial public offering (IPO) process. In addition, it also gives a
date and time for the IPO. But in case SEBI is not satisfied, it
asks for changes to be made before the prospectus can be
shared with public investors.
Stock exchange approval:
For example:
Listing:
The shares are allotted to different investors based on the
demand and price quoted in their IPO application forms. Once
this is done, investors get the shares credited to their demat
account. In case of oversubscription (if the demand for shares
is higher than the number of shares floated by the company),
investors may not get the number of shares they originally
wanted. They may get fewer shares after a lottery is done.
Some investors may not even get any shares. In such cases,
these investors get a refund of their money.
Objectives of the study
This study analyses both initial pricing and long run performance of
IPOs. Therefore, the objectives of the study are:
(1) To analyze the investors perception on Initial Public Offering (IPO)
(2) To study the investors exposure to “fundamental analysis” and
its impact to invest in IPO issued by Company.
(3) To analyze the investors preference in deciding the company
(4) To study the preference of different investment categories of IPO.
(5) To analyze the benefits of the investors while investing in IPO
(6) To analyse post-IPO performance of selected companies.
(7). To find out which source is more effective in creating the IPO
awareness
Stock Options:
Liquidation:
Listing gives an opportunity to entrepreneurs to liquidate a part
of their holdings. Also, if the venture has accessed venture
capital in the past, listing gives an opportunity to venture
capitalists to liquidate all or part of their holdings.
Responsibilities:
GOALS OF IPO:
The primary objective of an IPO is to raise capital for a
business. Can raise additional funds in the future through
secondary round.
FUNCTION OF IPO:
An IPO allows a company to raise capital from public
investors. The transition from a private to a public company
can be an important time for private investors to fully realize
gains from their investment as it typically includes a share
premium for currentprivate investors.
ADVANTAGES OF IPO:
Low cost financing
No commitment of fixed returns
DISADVANTAGES OF IPO:
Low cost financing
No commitment of fixed returns
No restriction attached to financing
No issue such as mortgaging , Hypothecation etc.
Entire money received in one stroke without linking to
any milestones.
CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
NEED OF STUDY:
The main purpose of the study is to analyse the IPO market. It
also involves in analysing the risk in
investing in the particular f i rm. This needs to
understand the perception of the
investors and the due course of market and its prominent
conditions.
SAMPLING DESIGN:
Target population Total target population is 108 Respondents. The
area at Kalyan.
SAMPLING:
Quota sampling was adopted by researcher Quota sampling is where
the researcher ensures that certain groups of people, who are
knowledgeable about the research problems. Are adequately
represented in the research through the assignment of a fixed quota
for each sub group.
PERIOD OF THE STUDY:
The Period of study was from November 2020 to March2021 The
study is mainly based on primary data collected by Questionnaire
made on the findings of various researcher. The secondary data were
collected from various sources throughout the period of this study.
SAMPLE SIZE:
108 sample were collected from the area of Thane District.
DATA COLLECTION:
This section discusses the techniques of collecting primary data for
the testing of the research propositions that were crafted in Chapter
introduction and literature. The choice of the data instruments
depends on the availability, and other resources associated with the
gathering of the data. The questionnaire was given to the respondent
directly by the students and was collected later as per respondent
preference as to giving filling the pre‐Printed form.
STRUCTURE OF QUESTIONNAIRE
The structure questionnaire was divided into different sections as
felt suitable the first section covers personal variables, which are
independent based on the assumption that there were measurable
differences amount the levels with regard to the perception of
dependent variables The second to study factors section of
questionnaire covers the factors of study with dependent variables
viz:
Trading account
RATE OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT IN IPO
DMAT account
Investment in IPO allotment
Overpriced and underpriced IPO
WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK
Financial market
High returns in limited span of time
Selecting IPO based on brand value
Market capital
CHAPTER 3
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
The literature sets out four key stages during which private equity
firm involvement could add value to an investee company excited
through an IPO. These are: (1) screening and evaluation processes
which identify better prospects, (2) governance and mentoring
activities which nature investee companies and prepare them for life
as a public company, (3) private equity firms’ knowledge and
networks which add value around the IPO event, and (4) continued
involvement which contributes to superior post IPO performance.
Kakati (1999):
examined the performance of a sample of 500 IPOs that
tapped the market during January 1993 to March 1996 and
documents that the short run under pricing is to the tune of
36.6% and in the long‐run the overpricing is 40.8%.
Madhusoodanan and Thiripalraju (1997):
In this paper, studied both short run and long run performance of
Indian IPOs taking a sample of 1922 IPOs that went public between
1992 and 1995. This study reported underpricing of Indian IPOs
consistent with international findings. In the long run, Indian IPOs
offered positive returns which contradicted most of the
international findings.
Krishnamurti and Kumar (2002):
working on the IPOs that listed between July 1992 to December
1994 conclude a mean excess return of 72.34% and indicate that the
time delay between offer approval and the issue opening as an
important factor behind the under pricing.
Majumdar (2003):
he documents short run under pricing in India and observes after
market total returns of 22.6% six months after listing. All the above
mentioned studies examined IPO performance during the fixed price
regime as book building was not in vogue at those times.
Ranjan and Madhusoodanan (2004):
in this study of 92 IPOs offered during 1999‐2003 document that
fixed price offers were underpriced to a larger extent than the book
built issues though the book built issues were only figuring 24 in the
sample this was the first study comparing the fixed price issues
performance vis‐ à‐vis book built issues.
Fried & Hirsch, 1994: Hall & Hofer, 1993; Hisrich
& Jankowicz, 1990; MacMillian, Siegel, &
Subbanarasimha, 1985; Tybee & Bruno, 1984 :
it has been argued that private equity firms begin to add value to
their investee companies even before the initial investment takes
place through considered evaluation and selection procedures.
These procedures identify only the best prospects for investment and
together with the imposition of governance and monitoring controls
in investment contracts (Gompers, 1945; Sahlman, 1990) lead to
enhanced prospects of survival and prosperity.
Ritter (1998)
investigates IPO mechanisms in several countries and finds that the
Magnitude of under pricing is greater for countries with fixed‐price
offering than those using book building procedures. However,
Ljungqvist and Wilhelm (2002) use worldwide IPO markets and
document that initial returns are positively related with information
production. Controlling for the country factor, Derrien and Womack
(2003) use IPO data in French stock market, which have experienced
these three IPO methods, and find that book building had greater
under pricing and pricing variance than other two methods. These
findings of a direct correlation between initial returns and
information compensation are consistent with the theoretical
models of Benveniste and Spindt (1989), Benveniste and Wilhelm
(1990).
Shah (1995)
He documents an under pricing of 3.8% weekly excess returns from a
study of 2056 IPOs that commenced trading between January 1991
and April 1995 and finds that past Sensed returns have an impact on
the under pricing.
Daniel, Hirshleifer and Subrahmanyam (1998)
study the effect of biased self‐attribution on news announcements
and find that short‐term momentum and long‐term reversal are
apparent in equity markets. Moreover, the trading activities of
institutional investors play important roles in IPO markets, and the
risk preference and investment sentiment toward an initial great
allocation of shares would dominate the post‐IPO performance.
Chemmanur and Liu (2003)
analyze information acquisition in uniform price auctions and fixed
price public offers. Public offers allow issuers to control price but not
allocations, book building allows issuers to control both, and
standard auctions do not allow issuers to control either.Chemmanur
and Liu demonstrate how fixed price offers allow the issuer to induce
a higher level of information acquisition but do not allow the offering
price to reflect the information acquired
CHAPTER NO 4
DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION:
Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and
modelling data with the goal of discovering useful information,
informing conclusion and supporting decision making. Data analysis
has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques
under a variety of names, while being used in different business,
science, and social science domains In today’s business, data analysis
is playing a role in making decision making more scientific and helping
the business achieve effective operations. Researcher done their data
analysis with the help of Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft word It
includes the following methods of data analysis.i.e
1) Descriptive statistics
2) Pie chart analysis
Gender
108 responses
Response
50
58
Male Female
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 43.53% people response male and the 54.29%
people response female. It is seen that most of the people
response female
AGE
108 Responses
Responses
5
19
21
63
Below 20Years 20‐ 40 Years 40‐60 Years 60 & Above
Responses 19 63 21 5
% Of
Response 17.59% 58.33% 19.44% 4.62%
INFERENCE:
As per this survey people age response below 20 and 20‐40 age people
are17.59% & 58.33% respectively. people age in 40‐60 are 4.62%
respectively.
QUALIFICATION
!08 Responses
Responses
14
43
26
25
Post
Particular Graduate undergraduate graduate Professional
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 23.14%people response undergraduate, and the
39.81% people response graduate 24.07% people response post
graduate, and also 12.96% People response professional. It is seen
that Most of the people response graduate range with the 39.81%.
INCOME
108 Responses
Responses
Below 1lakh 1Lakh‐3Lakh 3lakh‐5lakh 5 lakh & Above
5 lakh &
Particular Below 1lakh 1Lakh‐3Lakh 3lakh‐5lakh Above
Responses 45 27 22 14
% Of
Responses 41.66% 25.00% 20.37% 12.96%
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 41.66% people response below‐1 Lakh and 25.00%
people response 1 Lakh ‐ 3 Lakh and 20.37% people response 3 Lakh ‐5 Lakh.
5 Lakh ‐ above people response 12.96%. it is seen that most of the response
below‐1 Lakh
TRADING ACCOUNT
108 Responses
TRADING ACCOUNT
40
68
Male Female
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 43.53% people response male and the 54.29%
people response female. It is seen that most of the people response
are males
DMAT ACCOUNT PREFERNCE
Response
Zerodha Upstox Groww Other
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 37.03 % responses for zerodha. 46.29% and 25
% responses for upstox and zerodha respectively. 10.18%
responses forothers.
APPLICANT ON IPO LISTING
Response
50
58
Men Women
Response 58 50
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 53.70 % men and 46.30 % women responses this
survey. . It is seen that most of the people response are males
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT IPO
图表标题
35 35.00%
30 30.00%
25 25.00%
20 20.00%
15 15.00%
10 10.00%
5 5.00%
0 0.00%
0‐20% 20‐40% 40‐60% 60‐80% 80‐100%
1 2 3 4 5
RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
Sr no FACTORS RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
1 0‐20% 32 29.62%
2 20‐40% 22 20.37%
3 40‐60% 15 13.88%
4 60‐80% 20 18.51%
5 80‐100% 19 17.59%
INFERENCE:
As per above survey, It is seen that most of the people response
between 0‐20% and least between 80‐100% respectively. It shows
that people less aware about IPO.
WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK
70 70.00%
62
60 60.00%
57.40%
50 50.00%
40 40.00%
30 24 30.00%
22
20 20.37% 22.22% 20.00%
10 10.00%
0 0.00%
CONSERVATIVE MODERATE AGGRESSIVE
1 2 3
RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
Sr no FACTORS RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
1 CONSERVATIVE 22 20.37%
2 MODERATE 62 57.40%
3 AGGRESSIVE 24 22.22%
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 20% people respondents are
CONSERVATIVE. 57.40% are MODERATE and 22.22% are
AGGRESSIVE. It is seen that most of the people response are
MODERATE.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION REGARDING IPO
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
BY BROKERS BY MEDIA WORD OF MOUTH OTHER
1 2 3 4
RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
Sr no FACTORS RESPODANT PERCENTAGE
1 BY BROKERS 24 22.22%
2 BY MEDIA 52 48.14%
3 WORD OF MOUTH 14 12.96%
4 OTHER 18 16.66%
INFERENCE:
As per this survey, By broker responses 22.22%, By media responses
48.14%, Word of mouth responses 12.96% and others responses 16.66%
respectively. It is seen that most of the people response are by media.
TOTAL EXPERIENCE ABOUT INVESTMENT IN
IPO
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
below 1 yr below 2 years 2‐5 years more than 5 years
Response % of Responses
Particular below 1 yr below 2 years 2‐5 years more than 5 years
Response 47 30 23 8
% of Responses 43.51% 27.77% 21.29% 7.40%
INFERENCE:
Response
YES No Maybe
Particular YES No Maybe
Response 46 20 42
% of Responses 42.59% 18.51% 38.88%
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 42.59% people response are yes and the 18.51%
people response are no, 38.88% people response are maybe. As
compare highest responses to yes with the statement. It shows that
people check brand value and reputation before investing in IPO
INFERENCE:
As per this survey 46.29% people response are yes and the 16.66%
people response are no, 37.03% people response are maybe. As
compare highest responses to yes with the statement. It shows that
people invest in overpriced IPO .
Response
19
37
20
32
Strongly agree agree Neutral Disagree
Response 37 32 20 19
INFERENCE:
As per this survey , 37% strongly agree ,29.62% agree ,
18.51%neutraland 17.59% disagree . it shows that people feels that
investing IPO is safe.
ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH
IPORETURNS
Response
13
43
20
32
Strongly agree agree neutral Disagree
INFERENCE:
as per survey ,38.81% strongly agree and 29.62% ,18.51% says neutral
.while 12.03% disagree . it shows that people more likely agree and
satisfied with IPO returns .
CHAPTER NO 5
Conclusion:
“Tomorrow is another day “, this applies to the corporate as well as
the individual almost equally. As the need of the people is changing
so is changing the investment habits of the people and this has
brought in a spate of new products and schemes where people can
invest. IPO is a first sale of shares to the public by any company. The
objective of IPO is to ensure that raising the capital of the company
and create awareness of the company.
If investor invests only in IPO then his purpose is to cut the profits on
the listing of the shares. Investors not interested in company should
sell their shares on the day of the listing. So Brand image of the
company specially the image of the company wants to increases,
Indian investors have faith in the name of the company because the
situation of world market were hostile and due.
IPO is basically would be made by a company primarily in case it
requires funds. So for companies in growth stage it is looking at
expansion and diversification. In my study I verified that IPO is suit
for institutional investors and business peoples to begin making
contact with investment
banks, attorneys, and accountants in advance of planning an IPO. He
or she must be well informed on the risk and return attributes of
these options. Initially to make IPOs more attractive, companies
must offer their IPOs at low rate; this will helps to encourage the
investors.
To be a successful investor they need two main things the knowledge
and right trading platform, however in view of the fact that the risks
are the part of any investment, this project also gave me a good
Exposure on IPO market and clear details about the recently listed
IPOs and how they attract their customers in the market
SUGGESTIONS
1. Identify the company to in which the IPO investment has to be made.
3. Identify the risk factor prevailing in IPO before investment.
4. Identify the source for collecting information regarding IPO.
5. The policies of the company should be clear such that even
ordinary people should be able to know about IPO’s.
6. Organize program for investors and educate them the
opportunities and new option available in the IPO market.
8. Read the section about underwriters, and note which brokerage
firms are participating in the IPO.
9. Be prepared for rejection. Most brokers let only their top clients
buy into an IPO.
10. Find out whether online discount brokers are playing a
distributor role in the IPO. If so, they may be willing to let you buy
shares if you will establish an account
11. Tell the broker how much you plan to invest in the IPO.
12. Keep an eye on Web sites as the expected offering date nears.
You will learn the price range in which the company plans to sell
shares and the date the offering is expected to take place.
13. Company should take in account the world market scenario
before making any offering to public. The customer should also be
rational while investing in IPOs.
14. Proper allocation of fund should be done by the investor to
ascertain what quantum of fund is sufficient for investment
BIBILOGRAPHY
Aharony, J., C. J. Lee and T. J. Wong. 2000. Financial packaging of IPO firms in
China. Journal of Accounting Research (Spring): 103-126.
Barth, M. E., W. R. Landsman and D. J. Taylor. 2017. The Jobs Act and
information uncertainty in IPO firms. The Accounting Review (November): 25-47.
Beatty, R. P. 1989. Auditor reputation and the pricing of initial public offerings.
The Accounting Review (October): 693-709.
Bragg, S. M. 2009. Running a Public Company: From IPO to SEC Reporting. Wiley.
Burke, Q. L. and T. V. Eaton. 2016. Alibaba Group initial public offering: A case
study of financial reporting issues. Issues in Accounting Education (November):
449-460.
Cecchini, M., S. B. Jackson and X. Liu. 2012. Do initial public offering firms
manage accruals? Evidence from individual accounts. Review of Accounting
Studies 17(1): 22-40.
Chahine, S., G. Colak, I. Hasan and M. Mazboudi. 2020. Investor relations and
IPOperformance. Review of Accounting Studies 25(2): 474-512.
Chen, G. and M. Firth. 1999. The accuracy of profit forecasts and their roles and
associations with IPO firm valuations. Journal of International Financial
Management & Accounting 10(3): 202-226.
Chen, G., M. Firth and J. Kim. 2000. The post-issue market performance of
initial public offerings in China’s new stock markets. Review of Quantitative
Finance &Accounting 14(4): 319-339.
Chen, G., M. Firth and J. Kim. 2004. IPO Underpricing in China’s new stock
markets. Journal of Multinational Financial Management 14: 283-302.
Chen, J., W. M. Liao and C. Lu. 2012. The effects of public venture
capital investments on corporate governance: Evidence from IPO firms
in emergingmarkets. Abacus 48(1): 86-103.
APPENDIX:
QUESTIONNARIE
PERSONAL DETAILS:
Name of respondent
Gen
der
1.Mal
e
2. Female
AGE:
1.below
202. 20-
40 3.40-
60
4. above 60
QUALIFICATION:
1. Below graduate
2. . Graduate
3. Post graduate
4. Professional
5. Others
INCOME:
1.Below-100000
2.100000-300000
3.300000-500000
a. Weekly
b. Daily
c. Monthly
d. Yearly
a. Yes
b. No
3) Are you analyse company before applying for IPO?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Maybe
a. Yes
b. No
c. Maybe
5)Which of the following trading account you use for applying IPO?
a. zerodha
b. upstox
c. Groww
d. others
a. Highly agrees
b. Agree
c. Neutral
d. Highly disagrees
e. Disagree
a. Yes
b. No
c. Maybe
a. Excellent
b. Good
c. Average
d. Poor
a. Yes
b. No
11. from where did you hear about recent IPO news
a. by broker
b. by media
c. word of mouth
d. other
a. self-
analysis b
word of
mouth
c. analysts
d. other