Optics Revision DR - Ghada

In The Name of ALLAH, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Dr. Ghada Zein EL-Abedin Rajab

Lecturer of Ophthalmology- MNF- Egypt
FRCS (Glasgow)- FICO
Former Fellow of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Adult Strabismus- Stein Eye Institute- UCLA- USA
Equations – Problem Solving
1. Biometry (SRK formula…etc) 7. Amplitude of Accommodation
2. Keratometer 8. Presbyopia
3. Spectacle Power- Contac Lens 9. Retinsocopy
(vertex distance change) 10.Components of hypermetropia
4. Prentice rule (Definition of each and How to calculate)
5. Transposition
6. AC/A ratio
Spectacle -14.00 D
Dc= Ds/1-dDs VD= 13 mm
-14/1- (0.013X-14) = -11.84 → -12.00D
A patient is fully corrected with +10.00 D spectacles at a vertex distance of 10 mm.

What power soft contact lens will probably be required?
Presbyopia
Near Correction= Far correction + [(100/Working Distance) – (2/3 x Amplitude of Accommodation)]
Amplitude of Accommodation= 100/ Near Point in cm
Hypermetropia
A patient requires +1.00 D to see at distance. Manifest refraction reveals
she will tolerate up to +2.00 D. Cycloplegic refraction is +5.00D sphere.
What are the components of hypermetropia??
Manifest hyperopia
a) Maximum plus correction the eye can
accept without blurring of vision
b) Non-cyclopleged
Latent hyperopia
a) Cycloplegic hyperopia (Total)- Manifest
Absolute hyperopia
a) Minimum plus correction required for
clear vision at distance
b) Non-cyclopleged
Facultative hyperopia
Manifest - Absolute
Keratometer SRK I
n2-n1/r (m) P= A – [2.5 x L] - [0.9 x K]
1.3375-1=0.33375
… → 337.5 in order to leave r in mm
e.g. r= 7.5 mm K= 45D
Before leaving for a scuba diving trip in Hawaii, you pack a +20.0D glass lens in your suitcase.
While scuba diving you decide to use your lens to get a closer look at the scales of a most interesting fish.
What is the power of the +20.00 lens under water. Assume you are holding an ideal thin lens
D air/D water= +20.00/?= nIOL- n air/nIOL- n water
1.52-1/1.52-1.33= +7.3 D
Magnifiaction= D/4= 7.3/4= 1.8X
Problem Solving Examples
Presbyopic Correction
Near point is 20 cm
+2.00 D Hypermetrope. Near point 40 cm. WD 33 cm. Amplitude= near- far
Near: 100/20= 5 D
Amplitude of Accommodation = 100/near point = 100/40 = 2.5
Keep 1/3 as a Reserve = (2.5 x 1/3) = 0.75 D Patient A: Emmetrope
Amplitude: 5-0= 5 D
The Remaining = 2.5 - 0.75 = 1.75 D
He want to read at 33 cm → Needs 3 D Patient B: Myope
uncorrected - 2.00
Add = Needed – Remaining = 3 - 1.75= 1.25
Amplitude: 5-2= 3
Near correction = +2.00 + 1.25= 3.25
Patient C :
Hypermetrope
Spectacle Conversion to Contact Lens uncorrected +2.00
10 D spectacle / 10 mm vertex distance Amplitude: 5+2= 7
Contact lens power = Dc = Ds/1-dDs
-10/ 1- (10/1000) x -10= -9.00 D
Skills
1. Skiascopy
2. Keratometry
3. Lensometry (Sphere- cylinder
power and axis- toric- prism)
4. Advanced: Strabismus
assessment
Diagrams
1. Refraction by a prism
2. Image by Maddox rod
3. Conoid of sturm (Astigmatism)
4. Chromatic aberration
5. Schematic eye
6. Antireflective coating
7. Advanced : thin lens formula-
refraction by combination of 2
lenses)
Optics of
Maddox Rod
Important Qs
• Factors affecting field of illumination/ field of view in direct ophth & indirect
(Diagrams)
• Draw left bifocal lens
• Retinoscopy cross in dilated pupil- Age 60- near point 50 cm
• TIR
• Refraction by prism
• Diffraction- aberrations- polarization
• Optical properties of red reflex
• Gonioscopy
• LASER
• Components of Hypermetropia
• Compound microscope
• Lensometer
• Keratometer
• Fundus camera
• G telescopes
• Duochrome test
• Worth 4 dot test
LAST ADVICES
 First, revise the clinical and study well the related Qs.
 Second, revise the answers of written paper and important topics
 Third, revise Definitions- Equations “formula”- Relations- Numbers- Important drawing.
 Fourth, revise what you studied in the previous days
 N.B: DON’T STUDY NEW THING unless it is extremely important and mentioned here.

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In The Name of ALLAH, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Dr. Ghada Zein EL-Abedin Rajab

A patient is fully corrected with +10.00 D spectacles at a vertex distance of 10 mm.

 Second, revise the answers of written paper and important topics

 Third, revise Definitions- Equations “formula”- Relations- Numbers- Important drawing.

 Fourth, revise what you studied in the previous days

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