Notes Transpiration ICSE Class 10 Biology
Notes Transpiration ICSE Class 10 Biology
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Students should refer to Notes Transpiration ICSE Class 10 Biology notes provided below
designed based on the latest syllabus and examination pattern issued by ICSE. These
revision notes are really useful and will help you to learn all the important and difficult
topics. These notes will also be very useful if you use them to revise just before your
Biology Exams. Refer to more ICSE Class 10 Biology Notes for better preparation.
Transpiration The loss of water in the form of water vapours from the leaves and aerial
parts of plant is called transpiration.
Types of Transpiration
• Stomatal transpiration- Occurs through stomata
• Cuticular transpiration- Occurs through surface of stem and leaves
• Lenticular transpiration- Occurs through lenticels
Stomata are the minute openings found in the epidermal layer of the leaves. A stoma is
surrounded by two bean shaped guard cells which regulate its opening and closing.
Stomatal Transpiration
In plants, water is absorbed through the roots, This absorbed water has to be transported
throughout the plant’s body for various physiological functions. It rises up in the stem
through xylem and reaches the tissues of leaves through veins. The mesophyll cells of the
leaves have their surfaces exposed to the intercellular spaces.
Some amount of water forms a thin layer over these surfaces. The water from this film
gets evaporated and form water vapours. These water vapours can diffuse through the
intercellular space and reach the sub stomatal space and finally escape through stomata.
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Regulation of Stomatal Transpiration
• Stomata: • Open in the day and close during the night
• Also contribute in the exchange of O2 and CO2
• Opening and closing of stomata is influenced by the turgidity of the guard cells.
• Inner walls of the guard cells (towards stomatal opening): Thick and elastic
• When turgidity increases within two guard cells flanking each stomatal pore the thin
outer walls bulge out, and the inner walls assume a crescent shape.
• Radial orientation of microfibrils in the cell wall of the guard cells makes it easier for the
stoma to open.
• When turgidity decreases within the guard cells, the inner walls regain their original
shape, the guard cells become flaccid and stoma closes.
• External Factors
• Internal Factors
External Factors:
• Light: During the day time stomata is open and facilitates transpiration.
• Wind Speed: Rate of transpiration increases with the speed of wind.
• Humidity: Rate of transpiration decreases with increase in humidity.
• Temperature: High temperature results in more transpiration.
• Atmospheric pressure: Decreased atmospheric pressure increases the transpiration.
• Carbon dioxide: Increase in level of CO2 causes decrease in transpiration.
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Internal Factors:
Transpiration decreases when water content of the leaves decreases due to insufficient
absorption by the root.
Significance Of Transpiration
• Suction force: It provides transpiration pull which is responsible for the upward
movement of water in tall plants.
• Cooling effect: Evaporation causes cooling. Hence, transpiration helps plants in hot
sunny days.
• Distribution of water and minerals: Since leaves are present at the tips of all
branches, transpiration helps to draw water and minerals towards them, and thus helps in
their distribution through out the plant’s body.
Importance of Transpiration
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Experiments Demonstrating Transpiration
Experiment 1
Take a well watered medium sized plant. Cover the plant with a polythene bag. Tie its
mouth near its base and pack it properly. Leave the plant out in sunlight for a few hours.
Experiment 2
Take three bell jars and name them
A, B and C. In jar A, take a small, well
watered
In jar B, repeat the same procedure as for jar A and add a dry piece of cobalt chloride
paper into the jar.
In jar C, just take the piece of dry cobalt chloride paper without the plant.
Measurement of Transpiration
Transpiration can be measured through a number of methods. Here, we will discuss about
some of them.
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• Weighing Method:
• Take a small plant and weigh it on a weighing machine. Now cover the soil surface and
pot completely so that it does not lose water by evaporation. Weigh the plant again after
some time. You will observe some loss in the weight of the plant. This is due to the water
loss by transpiration. The loss in weight can be measured using a weighing machine. This
indicates volume of water loss can be compared with loss in weight by the weighing
machine.
weigh it. Leave the test tube in a test tube stand for few hours. Now, weigh it again using
the same process. You will observe a small difference in the weight, which indicates loss of
water due to transpiration.
• As the twig looses water, a suction force is set up which pulls the water from the beaker
and the bubble moves along. The readings on the capillary tube gives the volume of water
lost in the given time by transpiration. The air bubble can be brought back to its original
position by releasing some water from the reservoir by opening the stop cork.
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