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Z 1 + B'P, Where B' 2.8 10
Z 1 + B'P, Where B' 2.8 10
1. (5.22) Consider filling a gas cylinder with ethane from a high-pressure supply line.
Before filling, the cylinder is empty (vacuum). The valve is then opened, exposing the
tank to a 3-MPa line at 500oK until the pressure of the cylinder reaches 3 MPa. The valve
is then closed. The volume of the cylinder is 50 L. For ethane, use the truncated virial
equation of state, in pressure:
Ans:
(b)
2. (5.35) The speed of sound, Vsound [m/s], is formally equal to the partial derivative of
pressure with respect to density at constant entropy:
Ans:
3. (5.36) Based on the definition , use the thermodynamic web to come up
with an expression for [Vsound] in air. What is the value of [Vsound] in air at 20oC? You may
consider air to be an ideal gas with cp = (7/2)R. Based on this result, how far away is a
bolt of lightning if you hear the thunder four seconds after you see the lightning.
Ans:
4. (5.401) Gas A expands through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet stream flows in at 100 bar
and 600oK while the outlet is at 20 bar and 445 oK. Calculate the work produced by the
turbine. The following data are available for gas A. The ideal gas heat capacity for this
process is
p(v b) = RT +
Solution
100 Pi ,Ti
ideal gas
P [bar]
step 1
h
Pf ,Tf
20
step 3
step 2
Plow
In other words, for every mole of gas that flows through the turbine, 8487 joules of work are
produced.
5. (6.121) Pure ethanol boils at a temperature of 63.5 oC at a pressure of 400 torr. It also
boils at 78.4oC and 760 torr. Estimate the saturation pressure for ethanol at 100oC.
Solution
In comparison, ThermoSolver gives a value of 2.23 atm, using the Antoine equation.
6. (6.141) At 922oK, the enthalpy of liquid Mg is 26.780 [kJ/mol] and the entropy is 73.888
[kJ/mol]. Determine the Gibbs energy of liquid Mg at 1300oK. The heat capacity of the
liquid is constant over this temperature range and has a value of 32.635 [J/moloK].
Solution
7. (6.151) Solid sulfur undergoes a phase transition between the monoclinic (m) and
orthorhombic (o) phases at a temperature of 368.3 oK and pressure of 1 bar. Calculate the
difference in Gibbs energy between monoclinic sulfur and orthorhombic sulfur at 298 oK
and a pressure of 1 bar. Which phase is more stable at 298 oK? Take the entropy in each
phase to be given by the following expression:
Solution
monoclinic orthorhombic
T = 298 [K]
g1 g3
T = 368.3 [K]
monoclinic g = 0 orthorhombic
2
Therefore, the transition from the monoclinic to orthorhombic state occurs spontaneously. The
orthorhombic state is more stable.