PHYSICAL EDUCATION

PROJECT
2021-2022
FOOTBALL
 Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. History of football
3. Rules & regulations of football
4. Skills of football
5. Measurements of a football field
6. Diagram of the football field
7. Football awards
 Introduction
Association football more commonly known as football or soccer, a sport played between 2 slides
of 11 players with a spherical ball. Football is the world’s most popular sport.

Outfield players move the ball with any part of the body except their hands or arms, whilst the ball is
in play. Only the goalkeeper can use their hands and this is only in their penalty area. When the ball
goes out of play at either side of the pitch an opposing player from the side which did not put the
ball out of play can throw the ball back into play using their hands. Both feet must remain on the
floor behind the throw line. Both hands must remain on the ball until it is released from behind the
throwers head.

The object of football is to outscore your opponents. A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses
the goal line between the goal posts. A draw is when both teams score the same amount of goals
during the allotted time.
 History of Football
Football has a long history. Football in its current form arose in England in the middle of the 19th century. But alternative versions of
the game existed much earlier and are a part of the football history.

In the ancient days, football was not made of leather. In the Mesoamerican culture, football was played with a rock. It denoted the
Sun God. The unfortunate thing was, the losing team’s captain was sacrificed to the god. This element of violence and barbarism in
football continued even when the early signs of modern football started emerging in England.

As the world moved in the 19th century, an attempt to create proper rules for the game was done at a meeting in Cambridge in 1848,
but a final solution to all questions of rules was not achieved. Another important event in the history of football came about in 1863
in London when the first Football association was formed in England. It was decided that carrying the ball with the hands wasn't
allowed. The meeting also resulted in a standardization of the size and weight of the ball. A consequence of the London meeting
was that the game was divided into two codes: association football and rugby.

Eight years after it was founded, The Football Association had established 50 member clubs. That’s when, in 1872, the FA Cup was
born, with the first championship in the works by 1888. At this time, Europe still hadn’t embraced the contemporary variant of
football, which helped to define football as a ‘very British sport.’ However, preceding this in 1872 was the first ‘international’ football
match between England and Scotland which attracted enormous crowds, much like today’s games.
 Rules & Regulations
OBJECT OF THE GAME

The aim of football is to score more goals then your opponent in a 90 minute playing time frame. The match is
split up into two halves of 45 minutes. After the first 45 minutes players will take a 15 minute rest period called
half time. The second 45 minutes will resume and any time deemed fit to be added on by the referee (injury time)
will be accordingly.

PLAYERS & EQUIPMENT

Each team consists of 11 players. These are made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players. The pitch
dimensions vary from each ground. Each half of the pitch must be a mirror image of the other in terms of
dimensions.

Essentially the equipment that is needed for a soccer match is pitch and a football. Additionally players can be
found wearing studded football boots, shin pads and matching strips. The goalkeepers will additionally wear
padded gloves as they are the only players allowed to handle the ball. Each team will have a designated captain.
 Rules & Regulations
SCORING

To score the ball must go into your opponent’s goal. The whole ball needs to be over the line for it to be a
legitimate goal. A goal can be scored with any part of the body apart from the hand or arm up to the shoulder.
The goal itself consists of a frame measuring 8 feet high and 8 yards wide.

WINNING THE GAME

To win you have to score more goals than that of your opponents. If the scores are level after 90 minutes then
the game will end as a draw apart from in cup games where the game can go to extra time and even a penalty
shootout to decide the winner. Players must use their feet to kick the ball and are prohibited to use their hands
apart from goalkeepers who can use any part of their body within the 18 yard box.
 Rules of Football

● A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in between.
● Each team can have a minimum of 11 players (including 1 goalkeeper who is the only player allowed to
handle the ball within the 18 yard box) and a minimum of 7 players are needed to constitute a match.
● The field must be made of either artificial or natural grass. The size of pitches is allowed to vary but must
be within 100-130 yards long and 50-100 yards wide. The pitch must also be marked with a rectangular
shape around the outside showing out of bounds, two six yard boxes, two 18 yard boxes and a centre
circle. A spot for a penalty placed 12 yards out of both goals and centre circle must also be visible.
● The ball must have a circumference of 58-61cm and be of a circular shape.
● Each team can name up to 7 substitute players. Substitutions can be made at any time of the match with
each team being able to make a maximum of 3 substitutions per side. In the event of all three substitutes
being made and a player having to leave the field for injury the team will be forced to play without a
replacement for that player.
 Rules of Football

● Each game must include one referee and two assistant referee’s (linesmen). It’s the job of the referee to
act as timekeeper and make any decisions which may need to be made such as fouls, free kicks, throw
ins, penalties and added on time at the end of each half.
● If the game needs to head to extra time as a result of both teams being level in a match then 30
minutes will be added in the form of two 15 minute halves after the allotted 90 minutes.
● If teams are still level after extra time then a penalty shootout must take place.
● The whole ball must cross the goal line for it to constitute as a goal.
● For fouls committed a player could receive either a yellow or red card depending on the severity of the
foul; this comes down to the referee’s discretion. The yellow is a warning and a red card is a dismissal
of that player. Two yellow cards will equal one red. Once a player is sent off then they cannot be
replaced.
● If a ball goes out of play off an opponent in either of the side lines then it is given as a throw in. If it
goes out of play off an attacking player on the base line then it is a goal kick. If it comes off a defending
player it is a corner kick.
 Skills of Football
Soccer is a sport unlike almost all others, as the feet are needed for technical skills more
than the hands. A number of fundamental skills are needed to play soccer.

PASSING

Passing is one of the most fundamental skills in soccer, as it is how you move the ball from
yourself to another teammate. For a short basic pass, you will turn your foot 90 degrees to
the outside and swing your leg so that the inside of your leg makes contact. If you want to
send the ball farther, you will swing your leg with more power and aim for the lower half of
the ball, to pop it into the air and use the inside of your toes.
 Skills of Football
SHOOTING
There are a number of unconventional ways to score a goal, but the fundamental way to try to
score is by taking a shot. It is the most important skill a player will need. When shooting, your
plant foot, follow through and where you contact the ball are all important. The two most
important skills when shooting are power and accuracy. Players should practice both and also
be able to shoot the ball with either foot.

DRIBBLING

Outside of passing, dribbling is the primary method of moving the ball up the field. This works
best when you have open field in front of you without pressing defenders. The goal of
dribbling is to move the ball quickly while keeping the ball close to your body, so that you can
make a quick decision to pass, shoot or change direction whenever needed.
 Skills of Football
GOALKEEPING
The goalkeeper is the last line of defense, in charge of doing whatever possible to keep the
ball out of the net. As goalie, you can use your entire body, including your hands and arms, to
stop the ball. The best way for a goalie to catch the ball is to form a "W" with your thumbs and
index fingers, with your hands open and palms facing away from you. The other fundamental
skill for goalies is punting, which is how you distribute the ball upfield after making a save.

RECEIVING A PASS
Whether you are receiving a pass that is on the ground or traveling through the air, you will
want to square your shoulders to the direction the ball is coming from. If it is on the ground,
turn your foot toward the outside as if you were passing, and with your knees bent, cushion
the ball so it stops right at your feet.
Measurement of Football Field

Football fields, or football pitches, are the rectangular playing surfaces used for the sport of football (soccer).
While grass is the typical playing surface, football can also be played on artificial turf or informally on dirt
surfaces. The long length of the field, bounded by the touchlines, must be between 90-120 m, while the
shorter width, defined by the goal lines, is between 45-90 m. Goals are located on the center of each
opposing goal line and are 7.32 m wide. The football pitch is split with a half-way line and a center circle with
a radius of 9.15 m.

Other crucial areas of the football field include the goal area and the penalty area/marks. The goal area is a
rectangular zone centered on the goal starting 5.5 m out from both goalposts and extending 5.5 m into the
pitch. Around this area is the larger penalty area that is 16.5 m from the posts and 16.5 m out. For penalty
kicks, the penalty mark is centered at 11 m from the goal. A circular penalty arc extends at a radius of 9.15 m
from the penalty mark. Corner radii are set at .9 m.
Diagram of Football Field

Standard pitch measurements.

The Men's awards are:

The same set of awards are for Women also.

Some other awards given are:

● Globe Soccer Awards