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PATENTS:
• UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. FRANCE.

June 24TH, 1873. May i6th, 1877. May i 8th, 1877.

TRADE MARKS:
UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN.

Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979.

DIRECTIONS.
Use but little moisture, and only on the gummed lines. Press the
scrap on without wetting it.

DANIEL SLOTE & COMPANY,

NEW YORK.
BOOK
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 condition oTihb fcrt'will be maTnt ,?n«f
\ From,. ;V/ 7^/ so oven in an incomplete*] state the tor-'
«re«s could present a strong resistance
to a foreign fleet.

.C d Mhile it is fenpossihle to obtain 0f-

flciahy any of the details-from the Gov¬
ernment engineers in charge of the
1 work, owing to the rule of the War De¬
partment. which enjoins strict score,-v
I Date, >egprding harbor defense work, the fore-
ff.oing facts are known. rl he work will
continue us the Government appropriates

OLD FORT H :the money, until the old braidings will

be entire y lost in the powerful works
Wl![ gradually supplant them.
Although built many years ago,, on
■ ground deeded to the Government by
the rente of Delaware, Fort Delaware
Delaware’s Historic Fortress to Be nas never had to repel the attack of an
enemy, though it has sheltered thousands
Made Ready for War. of prisoners within and around its walls.
During the Rebellion it was used as a
place for the detention of Confeder¬
ate prisoners, as maw as 15.000 bein^
FORMIDABLE HARBOR DEFENSE conflned within and without its walls, on
Pea Patch Island. At Fort Point, on
the New Jersey shore, across from the
fort, he buried over 1000 Confederates -
Great Gnus to Warn Away Any j who died of smallpox in 1802, and over
Enemy Bent on Cuming Up tlie
whose graves has floated ever since the
potars and Stripes.
Bay—Sanely Hoofs Fort j Until about three years ago the fort
pyas used as an excursion terminus for
Outdone.
a line of river steamers; but Major Rav-
jraond, the engineer in charge of the
works, has since prevented excursionists
Historic Fort Delaware, 42 milts down landing there, and until the work of
t$>e river, which for years has had no rebuilding was recently begun, the ord¬
garrison other than an ordnance ser¬ inance sergeant bad the big guns at th“ ■
geant, is about to become the centre of jxort all to himself.
a new harbor defense system for this
port. About $300,000 is now available,
and already the work has begun, which
will make the old fort one of the strong¬
est in the country, and, it is believed, a
thorough defense against, the most pow¬
erful vessels that can come up the Dela¬
ware.
In reconstructing the old fort, the plan
carried out in the modern defenses be¬
gun at Sandy Hook and Fort Hamilton,
at New York harbor, is being followed.
But it is- the intention to make Fort
Delaware more formidable than either
of the others.
Against modern battleships, hastily
thrown-up earthworks would bo practi¬
cally worthless as a means of defense.
Consequently it is the intention to make
Fort Delaware sc strong and to equip There iB one discontented resident of Penn¬
with such powerful armament that no sylvania whose grievance is unique. His
enemy will be able to pass it. Any subject of discontent is that his ancestral
fighting to be done must consequently acres and the old home planted upon them
take place at a safe distance from the
city. are not in Delaware, but in Pennsylvania.
For a long time the old fort has been John Johnstone, the discontented Pennsyl¬
simply kept in condition, although there vanian, is of Quaker stock, but he came pe¬
are a good many guns there, some of rilously near violating the non-resident creed
which are powerful rifles. The Govern-
ment, however, has for two or three of his ancestors when he saw dumped upon
i years past, maintained a. torpedo plant' his land the official boundary stone that was
| at the fort, with the necessary pits and to proclaim him no longer a citizen of Dela¬
appurtenances to make it interesting for ware. Since that time, now about three years
foreign invaders, even now
With the money now available, the gone, John Johnstone has not cast a vote, be¬
i\c of reconstruction will 'begin in tlio cause his vote will no longer be accepted in
spring, but a force of workmen is 'now Delaware, and he refuses to recognize the va¬
at work removing guns and tearing down
lidity of his expatriation from that state by
J* portion of the building to make Yva
nor the construction of an angle oil voting in Pennsylvania.
which will be mounted a batterv o+' three John Jonhstone’s grievance is probably the
12-mch • rifles. While the work of rc- final echo of a quarrel that lasted for more
conafruction is going on. the defensive
than two and a half centuries. Out of this |
 this north-and-south line and the parallel a
quarrel came the survey of Mason and Dixon’s
line should be run due west so far as the two
Line, and the creation of a tiny no-man’s-
provinces of Maryland and Pennsylvania ex¬
land that for more than a hundred years has
been periodically the scene of duels, prize¬ tended.
When it came to carrying out this arrange¬
fights, and other acts of violence. After the
ment there were disputes as to details, and
first Lord Baltimore’s vain struggle with the
the courts were again called in. All points
climate of Newfoundland and the incursions
of dispute having been adjusted, native sur¬
of the French at his settlement of Avalon,
or Ferryland, he received his grant of the re¬ veyors were set at running the lines, but be¬
gion called Maryland, though the great seal fore they had finished the work, Charles Ma¬
was not affixed till after his death. One son and Jeremiah Dixon were called in from
clause in that grant lost to the Calverts near¬ England to take charge of the survey. They
ly half the peninsula lying between the Chesa¬ found the work of their predecessors, done
peake and Delaware Bays. The region con¬ ; with crude instruments, remarkably correct,
veyed in the grant was described in that in¬ ! so far as it went, and Mason and Dixon used
strument as “hitherto uncultivated. ” Now it the very best instruments of their day. They
happened that the Swedes, a few years before finished their work in the east with reasona¬
the date of Lord Baltimore’s grant of Mary¬ ble speed, and then turned their steps west¬
land, had made an abortive settlement, a what ward with an armed guard to protect them
they called Swaanendael, near the present from the savages. Their progress, however,
Lewes, Delaware, known to fame for its was suddenly barred at a point 244 miles west
breakwater. This settlement was utterly wiped J of the Delaware River. At that particular
out in blood by the Indians before Maryland place in the western wilderness the surveyors
was granted to Lord Baltimore, but the fact came across an Indian warpath, and also
that Swaanendael had once existed, coupled ' . across the Indians who were actually upon I
with the phrase “hitherto uncultivated’’ in " the said path, and who served notice that here
the Maryland grant, gave color to an adverse the survey must end. There it did end, and
claim to the whole peninsula, and that claim, a cairn to-day marks at that point the west¬
early set up, was at the bottom of the long ern limit of Mason and Dixon's line. The
drawn out quarrel of rival proprietors and the surveyors afterward extended the line east¬
real cause of honest John Johnstone’s troubles. ward to the Delaware River, or more accu¬
Through the Swedes, through their Dutch rately surveyed the arc of the circle that then
conquerors, through the English conquerors marked the northern boundary of Penn’s
of the Dutch, through the payment of the three counties in Delaware.
Stuart debt to William Penn in the form of All this was finally accomplished about the
a great grant of land in the new world, and year 1767, but when Delaware came into the
finally through Penn’s success in begging an Union as a state independent of Pennsylvania,
additional piece of territory from James II., she brought with her the ancient quarrel in a
the quarrel became hereditary in the families new phase. The peculiar provisions of the
of Calvert and Penn. The case got into the boundary settlement between the Penns and
English courts, and the Penns were the win¬ the Calverts left a small triangular piece of
ners, but they constantly lost the fruits of territory, jutting southward between the north-
their victories through a policy of masterly i eastern corner of Maryland and the most
inaction on the part of the Calverts. Final¬ northerly of Penn’s Delaware counties. That
ly a solution was reached in the form of an triangle Delaware, on separating herself from
award cutting the peninsula in twain and Pennsylvania, claimed as her own, and for
giving half to each claimant more than a century she exercised jurisdiction
Neither party to the quarrel rejected this 1 over it in the face of pretty strong evidence
Solomon-like partition of the infant in dis¬ that it belonged to Pennsylvania. More than
pute, and out of that award came Mason and a half century ago United States engineers re-
Dixon’s line, to be for much of the present surveyed the triangle, and declared it a part
century the boundary between slave territory | of Pennsylvania,and so marked it with boun¬
and free. No more ingeniously complicated dary stones; but Delaware kept on treating it
boundary than that agreed upon could well as her own. Several overtures were made from
Pave been devised. It was stipulated that an time to time with a view to settling tho diffi¬
east-and-west line should be run across the culty, but it was only three or four years ago,
peninsula at what is now the Southern boun- | that a joint commission with Thomas F.
dary of Delaware, and that this line should Bayard at the head of the Delaware commit-
be bisected, and from the point of bisection , tee, and Wayne MacVeagh at the head of that
a tangent be erected to a circle of twelve from Pennsylvania, arranged for the disposal
miles radius, centred at the town of New Cas¬ of the vexed question. The triangle remains
tle in Delaware. It was further provided that j .with Delaware in accordance with an act of
from the tangent point a north-and-south line the Pennsylvania Legislature ceding it, and
should be extended to a point on the parallel bngineers were set at work to resurvey the
running fifteen miles south of Philadelphia, jnorthern end of Delaware. Out their work
ind that from the point of contact between j
 ?■

Believed to Be n Certain Cure In All Cases

Where Ordinary Remedies Fall or
Where the Ailment Can’t Be Ascer¬
tained — Uses of Rnttlesnnke Skin.
In the mountains of eastern Pennsylvania
rattlesnake hunting is now engaging the at¬
tention of the Pennsylvania Germans. The

M
annual snake hunting of these people s co¬
incident with the sowing of buckwheat, which

Date c<~e- ft usually is done during the week preceding

and that following the Fourth of July.
The rattlesnake is hunted for its oil. “Ros-
selschlange fet,’’ as the Pennsylvania Germans
call the oil, is by them held in high esteem be¬
cause of its alleged power to heal and cure
OLD STATE PAPERS. many of the baffling and indefinable ills that
afflict man and beast. The quantity of oil se¬
Gen. Cameron’s Resignation ns Sen
cured in a season Is so small in proportion to
ator Found Among: Them.
the demand tnat it has never become a com¬
Special Dispatch to Chronicle Telegraph
modity of trade; at least in this wise the Penn¬
Harrisburg, June 24.—The formal resig
nation of the late Gen. Simon Cameroi sylvania Germans explain the ignorance of the
as a member of the United States Senati apothecary both of it and its virtueb.
from Pennsylvania, was picked up on th< At no time in the '-ear is the rattlesnake
floor of the attic of thp old executive build believed to be In so good condition, physically,
, ing among a lot of rubbish a few day:, for the yielding of oil in quantity and quality
ago. It is written in a plain legible hanc' as the early part of July. It then has grown
on a letter head of the Senate. It is di¬ fat on the wealth of spring, and summer’s
rected to Gov. Hartranft, and is datec?
Washington, March 10, 1877. The resig¬ languid days has e not had time to warp the
nation went into effect two days after ii pretty curves of Its plump outline.
was sent to the governor. “In thus with¬ The Pennsylvania rattlesnake has Ideas and
drawing from active political life,” writes
Gen. Cameron, “I deem it fitting that I tastes of its own. It prefers the mountains,
return to the people of Pennsylvania the esDecially such parts as are covered by short,
deep gratitude I shall cherish in my retire¬ thick underbrush, as huckleberry bushes.
ment for the support they have always
It likes to wriggle through these and climb
1 accorded me and I venture the hope that
have represented their interests and
their aspirations with some measure of
over them, because of the chance of find¬
ing there creeping and gnawing things for
success. I am conscious that I have con¬
stantly aimed to do this.” The paper is food. Occasionally it ventures down the
indorsed on the back by John B. Linn, mountain sides into the plains, though never
of Lewisburg, who was at that time dep¬ far; for when it reaches the moist meadow
uty seceretary of the Commonwealth. It
has beep filed away with the old docu¬ It turns back to the fields of stumps and stub¬
ments in the loft of the executive build¬ ble. Here it haunt3 stone piles and stone
ing. fences, where it finds mice and birds to eat,
Former Deputy Secretary of the Com¬
monwealth Tilden has been at work for and opnortunity to bask in. the hot sun. It
more than a year assorting and tabulating is because of the latter weakness that it of-
the old papers and documents which were /f en comes to grief at the hands of the hay¬
stored indiscriminately for a half century
or more in the attic of the old executive makers, for rich clover abounds in such fields,
building. He has found many valuable to be dragged along to the farm house in the
State papers which have been missing for evening, and there dissected. Worthy of
years, and of which there was no trace.
Some of these will settle litigation over note here is the unvarying habit of t)^e hay¬
large tracts of land which have long been makers to postpone such dissectioh until
in dispute. Mr. Tilden recently found an the sun has gone down, for not until then
autograph letter from Samuel J. Tilden,
Introducing a friend to Gov. Hartranft. does death come to the snake’s tail.
The killing of a rattlesnake by the hay¬
makers is easy and safe. The rattler is usual¬
ly found lying on a stone fence, stretched out
at full length, like a lazy alligator in Central
Park. The hot baking stones underneath and
From,.. the broiling sun overhead seem to render it
oblivious to what is going on around; it dis¬
likes even to open its eyes at an approaching
sound. All this naturally is taken advantage
of by the haymakers. They keep perfectly
O v / quiet, as do also the women, who in those
Date, J 19 ^. Darts still wo'-k afieid, and are no more afraid
of a rattlesnake than of the little yellow, black
vstriped reptiles they despatch in the gardens
with hoes. It is customary in haymaking to
take a short rest every time the end of the
OSES OF RATTLESNAKE OIL. field has been reached. Nine times out of
ten there is a stone pile in proximity. Then
EENNSYLVAXIA GERMANS NO JF the time intended for rest is given to looking
GATHERING THEIR EANACEA. for snakes. When one of the white and gray
blotched beauties is found roasting Itself on
L
 3 - W« ~v- v ^

sequence.
hot stones. the men procure a branch The uses to which rattlesnake oil Is pu a
Derhape ten feet long and an inch or two
in diameter at the point where it is rut from
the tree. The limbs are trimmed off closely,
save two at the thinner end, which are cut
varied. The oil Is looked upon as a panact
treatment. It is called into requisition
other remedies show no potency. Wha
ailing or failing does not yield to medlelr
4
every 111 that defies either diagnosis nr ord'

ordinary applications is believed susceptil

prong-shaped, so as to form a short fork. One
of the party then takes the branch, heavy end, the efficacy of rattlesnake oil. Thus a 1
that refuses to succumb to powwowinl . il
|
in both hands, and stealthily approaching the
snake from the rear, jabs the fork over the holds its own after being rubbed with a
back of the neck. The snake, of course, will toad, is bathed with rattlesnake oil as al
lash the air with its tail and dart its tongue in
and out, expressing both pain and anger, but
it can’t move its head, because it is pinned
fast by the fork on its neck. Before it has
time to philosophize over its abject helnless-
resort, after which a piece of fat pork isl
upon It, to remain overnight. The port
the morning is buried alongside the hcl
where the water, dripping from the roof, \
fall upon it.' In such a case, however,
rattlesnake oil does not do its work If
1
ness a second man appears with a club and
does the rest. person burying the piece of pork looks l
And right here comes the most Important upon the place of interment.
part of the snake-killing business. Tradition Ringworms are not supposed to hold
has it that a rattlesnake, when attacked, be¬ long after rattlesnaite oil has been rut
comes so angry that, if it can’t bite its assail-., Into them with a piece of quartz. A rt
ant it will bite itself, thus rendering poison¬ honed with rattlesnake oil may cut, buj
ous in most virulent degree the oil fried out of will never draw blood. A aoor hinge |
Its fat. Hence the use in snake killing of a oiled will henceforth move too smoothl
long piece of ivood, with a fork at one end, to squeak. Sore eyes of all kinds, inclii
guard against the snake doing violence to it¬ pinkeye and cataract, are treated with il
self. colt that is stunted and scrubby has tin
In killing the rattlesnake among huckleberry rubbed under its tongue. A sick sheep that c
bushes the method is much the same. To its chew its cud is dosed with a small ball it
credit be it said, the rattlesnake is not treach¬ of sour bread and the green inner bark of
erous. It never bites before warning. If it elder hush, shaved off downward, and rub
is lying under a huckleberry bush, which is I with rattlesnake oil. When a cow suf |
usually about two feet high, and it thinks a | from some ooonlt distemper, shown in the.
huckleberry picker is making too much fuss- of flesh or a gradual falling off in the yi
over its head, it admonishes him not to become of milk, her tail is slit open longitudinal
too familiar and to move on. This it does by about the middle, for four or five leches do
giving its tail a number of violent twists, to the bone. In the opening is sprinkled pepi
whence results a rattling noise inimitable by and salt, after which rattlesnake oil Is dropc
any mechanism yet devised, and readily recog¬ in. The wound is then tied shut by winding
nized by the picker, if to the manner born, who pie ;e of cloth around the tail like a banrtat
loses no time in loping over the adjoining The poor cow, sensitive to the wound of t
bushes. It is not well to pay a return visit to knife and the burning of the pepper and sa
the snake immediately after, tor having given switches her tail In distressing fashion, b
the warning rattle, it coils itself into a small the farmer condoles hismelf with the assuran
heap, ready to spring upon any foe that may that she will come out a winner, and as a cor
appear. _ Not only is a, snake dangerous then, pensation be restored to health. Rattlesnal
but also it cannot he killed without likelihood oil Is regarded also as a cure for the bite of
of its biting itself. Thus it is let alone, with mad dog, though it must be taken within nit
the knowledge that its fury will soon subside, days.
nd it will not leave the place. An hour or two Occasionally the rattlesnake is despoiled c
later the same snake may be found lying at its skin, as weli as of Its fat. Ihe hide ;
full length under the same huckleberry bush, tanned by being buried three weeks in sofj
and apparently as cool as though no recent soap. After beiDg tanned the skin is drie
unpleasantness bad occurred. Then it is and whipped until it becomes soft and pliabh
killed by the bushwhackers as the one that The leather is now ready for use. Narro
strayed down into the clover field in search strips of it tied about the arm or wrist reliei
of mice and birds. rheumatism. When "measles breaks out in
Now comes the dissection of a rattlesnake, neighborhood several pinches of camphor ai
which is a trick in itself, and but few engag¬ assafoetida are sewed in a little bag made
ing in a hnnt are willing to undertake it. rattlesnake skin, which Is suspended, by meai
There is as much preparation for it as for a of a string cut from the same skin, from tj
modern antiseptic surgical operation. The neck of a child and worn on the breast net,
preliminary part consists in fastening the to the skin. The use of rattlesnake skin t
snake upon a board, which is done by driving making parses is a hit too sssthetio for tl
a nail through the serpent’s head and another Pennsylvania Germans. Moreover, such fi
through the tail. During the rest of the task miliarity with the skins would tend to weake
the operator proceeds with the utmost care, the faith in the healing properties attributed t
for should the snake have bitten itself, and he them.
cut his lingers, blood poisoning and death
would result.
The fat of a rattlesnake has a yellowish
color, not unlike that of a young beef. It Is
surprising what an amount of fat can be cut
out of a rattlesnake in prime condition. The
fat is rendered just like that of a hog or steer.
The oil produced, from two to three ounces to a
snake, is almost white in color and has the
consistency of tortoise oil, which it closely
resembles. The method of testing the oil. to
ascertain whether it is poisonous or not, is
unique. A teacup is half filled with sweet
milk. On the surface of this milk is allowed
to fall a drop of oil. If the oil is broken up bv
the force of the fall into small globules.which
float around the surface of the mtlk, then the
oil is poisonous, tne snake, during the proc¬
ess of killing, having bitten Itself; on the
other hand, if the drop of oil withstands the
jar of the fall and does not break into globules,
but swims about the surface of the milk, the
whole adhering as ono mass, then the snake
did not bite itself, and the oil may be used
with safety. A scientist might no t place
much credence in a test like this, but the
Pennsylvania rattlesnake hunters rely on it
implicitly, and many a dish of oil they have
taken out Into the garden and buried in con¬
 5
Iiitosh, of McCormack Univiir.-irv.~of
Pmeago: Judge Simbnlton, of the Dau-
ph'in county bench, and Judge McPher¬
son. Ins col league: Joseph i\ Jolunswu,. of
Alabamai St. GeoVge Tucker. ,>f Vir-
ginua: Rev. Dr. Henry C. McCook, presi¬
dent of the Scotch-] rish Soolafv of'<Ponn-
sylvan-ra; Dr. E'gle, state librarian of
Tennsy,Ivanna: Rev. Dr. 'Chambers, of
, Harrisburg; Robert Bonner, the noted
pubhsher, and; prcsid'anlt of the Scotch*
| Ir.-oi . ociety of America, and hundreds
I of cithers equally eminent in public life
Die L noted States could not now have
but Polity Immortals. The Scotch-Irish
wouid more than fill the seats.
Th<?, decorations alt the opera, house
are elaborate, appropriate and pretty.
I he American flag: the sombre-hued ban-
Ill,je:1; of 'toe old Oovemiauters, predomi-
tsaites. Along th'e galleries, above the
■stage and on the ,stage is arranged bunt¬
ing. ■Shield's 'of the states in which' the'
Annual Session of the Scotch-Irish ! “et sin,ee I'*18 organization in
ISbJ. Beautiful plaints, and flowers add
Society of America. a brighter touch; for beauty and har¬
mony have a place. Two banners, the
green of Ireland and the blue of Scot¬
land, pendant on either side of the stage !
MANY MEN ARE PRESENT. attracted much attention, and' aroused'
memories of stirring and tumultuous
■clays. On the blue 'banner, across the
maces With a History in Dauphin County top of w;bich iwais the word “'Scotland”
Visited Vesterday—The Mayor s Address ■i'll large .letters, contained in addition the
of Welcome—Address by the Gov¬ names of such revered early lenders as
ernor at the Opera House.
.John Knox. Andrew 'Melville, Patrick
Hamilton, Earl of .Sutherland. George
Wii'shairt, Douglass Bailie and Chalmers
Wallace, Douglass, Bruce, Cameron.
The Seoitch-Irlsh folks have captured; 'Cargill and then the maimes of towns
and locialitnes of glorious memories as
the town and during the bailanee of the
■Bannockburn. 'Edinburg, Kirk of Shafts
week the people of Harrisburg will dem¬ Ayr, Drum-cleg, Greyfriars and Galim
onstrate to the visitors, that they have way. At the bottom of the banner are
not forgotten their teachings in hospital¬ these old-time lines:
ity, for which their ancestors were noted. It was a’ for our rights for’ king
The coming of the members of th* M e left ifalir Scotland's strand;
Scotch-Irish Society of America; to this It was a’ for our right fer’ king
U e e er saw Irish land.
city is an event that will make Harris¬
burg notable in history for years to ■On the green banner, headed with the
come. What (is d'onie here during the word Ireand,” among other names were
sessions of the congress will go on record those -of Londonderry, Belfast, Down¬
patrick, Einniiskiilen. Dome. Oolera'ine
and in the future this city will he classed1 and Six Muleis Water. Then follow the
with other notable historical places. noted names of. Walsh, Caldwell, Bair
The session opened in the opera house Lmngstone, Finlay. 'Cooke. Murray, and
C'dgar. Beneath them is this epitome of
yesterday morning. Many eminent men 'heroic and dreadful days:
land accomplished ladies were in attend¬ Plantation of Ulster.
ance. It is the eighth annual gathering Siege of Derry.
•Siege, of Enniskillen.
of the society in America. The mem¬ The Test Act.
bers of .to-day’s congress are represeuita- j The Black Oath.
five of the highest walk's and -the worth- [ The Rack IJ emits.
icst manhood of American life. They hvae ■
Famine of 1728.
Exodus to America.
come from the four quarters of the land; ‘The Volunteers.
from the pulpit, from the bar-, from the 'Evictions of 1703.
editorial rooms and the houses of com¬ Hearts of Oak.
merce. The men who have wielded the The local committees, of which Judge
Kimouton is general chairman, and John
sword on the field of 'battle Sit by 'the VV. German general -secreitarv, have left
side of those who interpret the ethics of 'nothing undone to make the eve-nit a bi-
Aristotle an the balls of famous colleges. success'. . 5 |
The membership includes such hated
person ages as Dr. Macloskie, of Prince¬ OPENING SESSION.
ton College: Chancellor McCracken of
it ho University of New York; Rev. Dr. i j Address of Welcome by Mayor John D. !
John Hail, of New York: Rev. Dr. Mac- Patterson.
 ica. responded. He is an eloquent talker
When Judge Sini'intom called the'con¬ • and his address was listened 'to with
gress 'to order at 10.30 Rev. Dr. Hall, of ! marked .attention throughout.
Near York; Rev. Dr. Bryson. D. D„ o£, Ha roturjiied heartfelt thanks for the
Huntsville. Ala.: Sccre.tm-v Floyd, of' y addresis and Said: “It is a ‘.siweet tiring
Chattanooga, Teun.: John II. 'Scott, /if i - to .return home and mingle again with
Bloomington, Ill.; Dr. .Macintosh, of the [ the icircle of friends, and to hear the j
McCormick University. Chicago; R'ev. I . voices whose quiet words remain in the
Dr. McCioskie, .and Mayor Patterson, of I! ■hearts as the sweetest tones of life.
Harrisburg; Judges Siimonlton. and1 Mic- i And we feel in coming to this busy leg¬
Bluer son, S. W. Fleming. D. C. Herr, islature city we are indeed coming ‘home.
esq.; M. W. MacAlarney, B. M. Xead, I “By coming to this city we ‘have sim¬
esq., occupied seats on the stage. Dr. ply followed the trend of empire in hold¬
Hall ainnonmcedi the urnivoiuia.bi'e ab¬ ing our various congresses. It. is an
sence of 'Mr. Robert Bonner, pmident of honor for us to lie received by the chief
the Scotch-Irish iSoniiety, and further •an¬ magistrate of tills fine city, and ou the
nounced that by 'direction of the gen- part of our society, with which It is no
eraHand local Committee's the task of ismial! honor to belong, I'return our
presiding had been transferred to Dr. thanks, The speaker continued by ex¬
viMacIni|oeh. pressing .words of regret for the absence i
Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Cham¬ •of President Bonner; but there is one
bers, paistor of Pine Street Presbyterian source .of satisfaction in bis absence,
church. that we may say in his absence words Of
•Mayor John D. Patterson made the praise for him that might not be uttered
laddre’ss- of welcome. During his re¬ were he h(fre. ISpeiaikjng further of the
mark's he said: greatness Of the Scotch-Frisk past, thy
“It is eminently fitting that your ®o- .speaker pointed. the said, with thankful- j
•oiCty .should have .Chosen as -its pla.ce of ness to God to the glorious mlomuments
meeting the city of Harrisburg. 'Many j of the race; and among these monu- !
of the oair^- settlers in the immediate mentis Is one man, who has lifted himsielf ‘
, by ihSs own .integrity, who has honored
vicinity were Scorch-Ins.;, or tneir Ue-
! himself icy Wonouhilg .the race whose prin¬
sbendahltis. The development of this sec¬
ciples he maintains, a typical Beotch-
tion of the state is largely due to that Irlshmia.n. whom a grea t Nuw York jour-
energetic race. Finding here 'a barren
ma! placed next to Andrew Jactiscm—this
waste, their energy and perseverence
man is Robert Bonner. In further Words
wrought a speedy transformation. To¬
’ Of eulogy the eloquent speaker referred
day we see around u.s, 'in our own county
j to the .absent president. Continuing the
of 'Dauphin, and in the beautiful Cum-
speaker said the present congress could
berlo'nd and other surrounding valleys,
j not hope to surpass the eminent body
prosperous towns and well-tilled fields;
| of Supreme Judges whose gathering had
in a great measure the work of Scotcii-
Irdsli band®. I just 'adjourned, but he hoped 'the eon-
! gross would do something worthy of the
“We of Harrisburg feel a •oamsedoois community of Harrisburg.”
pride when ive realize that some of the
leading men of the nation were the chil¬ Dr. M'aclntosh called Dr. Bryson tot;
dren of our city and had coursing the chair and read a letter from Presi- S
through their veins the blood,.-of iSooltch- dent Bonner. in which the writer de- i
Irish 'ancestor's. Many of our 'represent¬ scribed ihi's physical ailments, chief of ,
ative men of to-day, as in the past, are which is a serious attack of rheumatism.
Scotch-Irish. When I look over the list* .Continuing Ms letter President Bonner. |
of members of your society from Harris¬ who Was been elected president each sue- ]
burg, I notice the names of those, who, ce'sisive year .since the foundation of the i
as judges and Lawyers, are among the society, with grea t regret aniniaunced that j
most prominent of our citizens, men dis¬ he, having reach'd Iris 73d year, ‘is com- I
tinguished for their lability and integrity. pelled to refuse a re-elect ion. On mo
I see the names of physicians who are ,tiou><qf Dr. Macintosh, the letter was <
loved .in many a family, skilled in their referred to the executive committee. I
profession and of deservedly high repu¬ i .Tndga iS’imo'irton announced the absence [
tation. I observe the names of journal¬ of Governor Hastings, who was in at¬
ists, of bankers, of artisans, and many tendance at ex-Ma^'or Fitler’s funeral in •
others, who are respected by their fel¬ Philadelphia. C one owing the proceedings •
low citizens. Your entire membership is of the congress, the judge thought that
without doubt a representative body. i because of t'he great number of addresses ]
N'o set of men, of whatever ancestry, 1 to be made, the limit of speaking should j
should hesitate or be ashamed to emulate i lie placed at thirty .minutes. The judge
the Sc-otch-Itish. Their 'Sterling qualities told the chairman, he was put under j
will ever continue to leave their impress bonds to fulfill that command: and in re- i
upon history; their vigor would ever ply the chairman said he would try to
force them into positions of power. lie an humble servant and carry out the !•
Where the SCotch-Irish lead, others can order.
safely fallow. Our city throws open, wide The 'chlaiirm'ati ainniounced that he had !
■fits gates to receive you. M'ay your ses¬ received telegrams from Philadelphia j
sions be pleasant, profitable and produc¬ friends reporting that because of ex-
tive of still closer friendship. We are iMaiyor Hitler’s funeral they could mot lie
proud of your society and are glad of the tin 'Harrisburg. Among these friends,
opportunity to ‘honor its members. 'Wel¬ Col. A. K. McClure, of the Philadelphia |
come, then, members of the Scotch-Inish„ Times, sent a speciiaii message In which
thrice welcome, to our godly city of Har- he sent his felicitations to the congress. _
■isburg, and to its hospitable homes.” Th.e chairman announced these nioini- •
Rev. John S. Macintosh, D. D., Vice illations for membership. all ‘of whom ‘
"&id ent,. gen e ra t of the society in Amer¬ were elected; Rev. Dr. R. AAMoIvinley, p
 ggifv _
of SttaibefijBlh* 0.;T»msBew>^ OM-- ' EVENING SESSION. ' \l
cago; Rev. Tholius Hall D• I>- Ohuajto:
Wni. I. WWkafe. «'<*., rir::Kledph::tt: Ho- . Speeches Made iu the Presence of a
.Total’ W. Siiuomton. Bfemfbnrg: Hon Large Assemblage.
Jodm B. •Md?SwwWi», Hanwtavg; Mi.
.Total F. Boihtentsbn, Steiita._nvi.ta, (>.: •President John Macintosh called the
fam H. Scott. Pbitadelphlkr. TT.itaam C. meeting to order and Rev. Geo. S. Dun¬
Armor. Harrisburg; G.TV. .Rod«ea». can led in prayer.
Dmyiboo, O.: Rev. R. r. Gilson, Schuy*- The following were elected to the ccn-
H i Ft"’S‘ Mrs. Mary McCoy Martin, giess: Flon. Charles Smiley, of New
Derrv ■' Mr's, .Tames Parker. Philadelphia; Blootnifiekl; Bertrand Griiklwith, iIson
U,rs ‘.Tallies Tanner, of Harrisburg; Sen- Gerhart, Danville, and J. Nelson Clark,
vrfar' S ,T M. MeCiairrell. of Harrisburg; of this city.
Samuel W. Fleming, of Harrisburg; The nominating committee_ tatt to ar¬
Rev David Conway, of Donegal; John range a report. The following is the
S Miller, of Harrisburg. committee: Rev. George B. Stewart, B.
Mi' M. TV. M'c-Aiamey read a. number, H. Rodgers and Rev. Dr. John luul.
1 0f" letters from absent members. One Governor Hastings was then intro¬
, was from Hon. Joseph F. Johnson, re- duced. During his address he welcomed
I C’pntly nominated as tlie Democratic can¬ them iu the name of liie state and re¬
didate for Governor of Alabama. ferred to the good citizens that were
Another letter prs read from \T m. made by Scotch-Irish and rhe zeal with
Sumner Long, of Haddonfie'id. A. J-. which they work. In 1720 the Scotch-
who suggested that an effort, shoiua be Irish first came here and through enter¬
made to ftsseovor and preserve the early prise they made their way with the forie-
records of the Presbyterian c-liurch as an ,moist of thg citizens of to-day. He said
Aid to the .correct tnacirig of gonetaiogy. that he is more than glad that he had
' Judge Simontom read an mv.tuition the honor to 'welcome the Scotch-Irish
from the 'trustees of Deary church -to the to this city. '
| congress to visit church to-dray. Dr. Macintosh responded to the gov¬
In the afternoon the members went on ernor’s address in a very able manner
' lam excursion over the Reading railroaid which evoked much applause from an
■to Derry, where an a'ddm-s wins deliver- attentive audience.
| ed by A. Boyd Hamilton, of this city. William H. Egle, M. D.. was then in¬
I It.' Paxtang the society proceeded to troduced and sprrTor awhile on “'Land¬
| the little stone church on the hill and marks of Early Scotch-Irish Settle¬
atarv visited the little graveyard at the ments in ’Pennsylvania.’ _ Hejmade an
| side to look over it. After they gathered eloquent address. He said to the land
in the church TV. Franklin Rutherford of Peru the-Scotch-Irish came first and
was introduced and made an address on grew with the state. The Scotch-Irish
Paxtang During his remarks he said settled fiir.St in Lancaster, New Castle.
that the" cornerstone of the church was Chester. Hanover, Derry, _ Donegal and
laid in 1740 arid the farmers made the Ptixtuxiig, nil G'f tliis vicinity. About
they were a very determined sett of peo- 1736 the Scotch-Irish began to fill of¬
I i>le and -a very religions set. In the early fice and to-day they fill a number of re¬
times ever Scotch-Irish parent that pos- sponsible offices.
I times ever Sc-otch-Ersh parent that pos- Miss Espy sang the solo, My Hume
! rto -situ'dy for tli^ nximl'sitry. k or a wiliile is Where the Heather Grows,” with a
1 Mr Plairke spoke m •& very lammoig very pleasing effect. _ ^ , _.,,
strain that was greeutCy appreciated. . Rev. Henry C. McGook, D. D., of Phil¬
walls of stones gathered from points adelphia. was the next speaker, and in
anound. Thomas McArthur and John the subject, “Scotch-Irish Pioneer Wo¬
Harris were on the t»«'^.ding' committee, men,” he certainly did the women jus¬
and Mr. Elder was the first member to tice.’ The pioneer woman is on the aver-
! occupy this new church. Later, he said, nge u little above medium height, well
Mr. Elder, who was made commander built, with rugged features, high bones
of the Paxtang Company during war and high foreheads, rosy complexion and
times, led the boys bravely. They took rubv lips. The dress of these women
part in the 'Gonestogo Indian massacre was something that you cannot_very well
in 1763 and did noble duty. In 1773 imagine He referred to the Hardships
Mr. Brown went to Ireland for ministers endured by the pioneer women while on
•to take charge of a new cffurch, called a march and camping out at night, with
the 'Covenanters’ church, which he had cries of wild animals and 'the yell of the
built, but Mr. Eider had a strong hold Indians, with no protection or defense.
on the people of Paxtang and the new He described the meals of the early daj s
church organized by Mr. Brown was a on the frontier, wlrtti, created much
failure. When the revolutionary war amu'sement in the audience. The pioneer
(broke out the Paxtang boys all joined 'women, who were pious and religious,
liberty organizations. He closed by never forgot their poor neighbor «uw
eulogizing Rev. Col. John Elder, who when ©empathy was needed she was not
I died on the 19th of July, 1872, aged 96 1 lacking'. 'He closed amid loud and pro¬
j years. It was a masterly effort by Mr. longed applause.
Rutherford and elicited much applause. Miss Lillian Hen eh sang Ini Wearing
! The president then introduced Rev. N. A'wa’ to the Land o’ the Leal with much
J. Parke, 'who spoke on _ the special effect and pleased everybody.
knowledge of the Scotch-Irish society for Rev John Hall, the next speaker, was
some time. He said that he preached received with much applause and made
his first sermon here in 1843, his last ian eloquent address on “The Duties of
year at Princeton college. Of the good Scotch-Irishmen.” He urges you to get
qualities of the Scotch-Irish he said that acquainted with the history of the so-
icietv ■ It is no political organization and
 of no esjjecial dcnemma'ticn. but Its ob¬ at Chicago. Judge Simonton' then made I
ject is to produce as mulch good ns pos¬ the announcement that the address of wel¬
sible., He also urges the people do help
come in behalf of the state would be de¬
one another and all. He .closed hr call¬
ing the attention _ of the society to diif- livered by Governor Hastings. Tbe ap¬
fetent plants of interest to the society pearance of the governor on the stage
and to the United States. brought forth applause.
The meeting this morning will take Tbe governor's address in part was as
place at 9 o’clock instead of 9.30 and this follows:
evening at 7.45. “Ladies and Gentlemen—I welcome
Those desiring tickets for the excur¬ the representatives of the Scotch-Irish so¬
sion to Gettysburg on Saturday should ciety of America to Pennsylvania and to
send in their names before to-morrow her capital city. The welcome I give yon
monimfr-.. x /
is sincere, cordial and hearty. I myself
am one of you, and, therefore, from a
personal as well as a representative stand¬
point my words should imply a doable
welcome.
Frown, “You are welcome because you are
Scotch-Irish; and you are doubly wel¬
come because you are American
citizens of Scotch-Irish descent.
You have come to a state within
whose borders tbe Scotch-Irish emi¬
grant was the first to find a foot¬
Bate, C I#/.. hold ; among the first to let the neighbors
. know what he was here for; and what
views be entertained iu regard to civil
and religious government.

THIRD EDITlOfr “No one has yet had the hardihood to

deny that the Scotch-Irishman brought
his national characteristics with him. The
perseverance, energy, ambition, sturdy
stubbornness—or “dourness,’’ as they call
it at home—and blunt speech all came
along over in the same vessel and re¬
mained with him and his descendants
THE SOOTOH-IEISH MEETING TO-DAT even nnto the present generation.
“Through the years that have intervened
from those pioneer days to the present,
Hew Members Elected and a Number of the Scotch-Irish character and characters- :
Interesting Addresses Deliv¬ tics have been so largely interwoven
with our growth, development and history
ered To-Day.
that the catalogue must be classified and
• tabulated in order to disclose all the fields
©0VEEN0B HASTINGS’ 00BDIAL WELCOME, of usefulness which they have so success¬
fully trodden. Out of all their impress
Last evening’s session of the Scotch- has come nothing which stands out so
, , congress was called to order at 8 prominently as the Scotch-Irish effort in j
o clock by the president, Dr. John S. behalf of the normal and intellectual de-
Macintosh. The Citizens’ band of Steel- velopment of the people.
ton entertained the audience with several “In only one other line will I dare to
choice selections. Prayer was offered by venture. Let him who seeks to minimize
Tev. Dr. George S. Duncan, Westminster the Sootch-Irish character in Pennsylva- I
Presbyterian chnrch. Tbe president then ma listen to the roll call of the Scotch-
announced tbe appointment of Eev. Dr. Irish citizens who have been elected to
Geo.ge B. Stewart, this city; B. H the highest office within the gift of the j
Kogers Springfield, O., and" Eev. Dr. state.
John Hall, New York, as the nominate Thomas McKean, a Scotch-Irishman,
committee and said the committee would one of the signers of the Declaration of
be requested to retire and prepare its re- Independence, governor of Pennsylvania
from 1799 to 1808. William Findlay,
Ihe following persons were nominated the fourth governor of Pennsylvania un- i
and elected to membershiti: Wilson M der the constitution of 1790 and descend¬
Gearhart, Danville; J. * Nelson Clark' ant of those who in 1566 took part in the
city; Hon. CharlesH. Smiley, New Bloom¬ famous seige of Derry. David Porter,
field, and Burton Gillespie Galbraith another governor of this commonwealth,
Dr Macintosh informed the members was the grandson of that sturdy Scotch- J
that Hon. Lonis W. Hall and wife would Irishman, Eobert Porter, who settled in
be pleased.*0 meet them at their home at Montgomery county early in 1760. James
South and Second streets this afternoon Pollock, governor from 1853 to 1856, was
from 5 to 6.30 o’clock. Greetings were proud of the Scotch-Irish blood that flowed
announced from a society of the Seotch- in bis veins. His paternal and maternal
Insh just formed in Illinois, the execu¬ ancestors emigrated from the north of
te committee of which is now in session Ii eland to America as early as 1760. The
 next Scotch-Irish governor we had was
tbe war governor, Andrew Gregg Curtin. | ing committee, reported teat tne commit¬
John W. Geary, the illustrious soldier, tee held a meeting and decided on the se¬
lection of the following as officers of the
and afterwards governor, was also proud
society for the ensuing year: President,
of his Scotch-Irisli descent. But the most
Robert Bonner, of New York; vice presi¬
significant fact is, that with the coming
dent, Rev. Dr. John S. Macintosh, of
and commingling of the hardy Scotch-
Philadelphia; first vice piesident-at-
Irisb, the intrepid, fearless and genial
large, T. T. Wright, Nashville, Tennes¬
Irish, the phlegmatic, stolid and patriotic
see; second vice president-at-large, Rev.
j German, the honest and conservative sons
J. H. Bryson, D. D., Huntsville, Ala.-
| of the land of Burns, the God-fearing and
bama; -secretary, A. C. Floyd, of Chatta¬
! man-loving Quaker, and the loyal types
nooga, Tennessee; treasurer, John Mcll-
i of all other nationalties that have arrayed
henny, of Philadelphia. The report was
! themselves under the emblem of liberty,
accepted. The state vice presidents and
1 they have by perseverance, courage and
secretaries were re-elected, Mr. M. W.
industry contributed to the creation aDd
McAlarney, of Harrisburg, as the state
construction of this the greatest, grandest
secretary for Pennsylvania. Dr. White
and best of all commonwealths in the
was elected secretary for Virginia and
galaxy of American states.”
Dr. H. Agnew Johnson, secretary for
Dr. Macintosh responded in behalf of Illinois.
the congress, and thanked tbe governor
An invitation was read from citizens of
for tbe kind words of welcome. Tbe
Princeton, N. J., asking the society to
president then announced the reception to
establish headquarters at that place. Lex¬
be given to-nvorrow evening at the execu¬
ington, Va., was also named as a suitable
tive mansion by Governor and Mrs. Hast¬
place for headquarters. The matter was
ings. Dr. William H«_ Eglfi, state libra¬ referred to the executive committee.
rian, read an able paper on “Landmarks
Rev. Henry C. McCook, of Philadel¬
of Early Scotch-Irish Settlement in Penn¬
phia, moved that steps be taken to devise
sylvania. ” He was followed by Miss means whereby to save the house in Lan¬
Helen Espy, of the Pine Street Presby¬ caster once occupied by Robert Fulton,
terian church choirs, who sang a solo.
who it is alleged was of Scotch-Irish na¬
‘ ‘ My Hame is wheie the Heather Grows. ’ ’ tionality.
Miss Belle McDowell, of Market Square
| On recommendation of Dr. Macintosh,
Presbyterian church, presided at the I the various historical societies in the
piano during the singing. United States will be furnished with
Rev. Dr. Henry C. McCook, of Phila¬ proceedings of the congress.
delphia, was introduced and delivered an Detroit, Michigan; Nashville, Tenn. ;
interesting address on “Scotch-Irish Pio¬ St. Louis, Missouri, and San Francisco,
neer Women. ” California, were named as the place of
Miss Lillie Coyle Hench then sang, meeting for 1897. The matter was re¬
“I’m Wearing Awa’ to tbe Land o’ ferred to the executive committee.
Lenl.” Dr. Macintosh was instructed to send a
The closing address was made by Dr. letter of sympathy in behalf of the so¬
John Hall, who spoke on the “Duties of ciety to the president, Robert Bonner, re¬
Scotch-Irishmen. ’ ’ gretting his inability to attend this con¬
THIS MORNING'S SESSION. vention.
The business meeting adjourned at
Friday’s session opened this morning
10.20 o’clock to meet at the call of the
at 9.15 o’clock by the president inform¬ president.
ing the members of tbe society to take
The regular meeting of the congress
their respective places on the stage for the
was called to order at 10.30 o’clock. Rev.
purpose of bolding a business meeting.
Dr. George B. Stewart, of Market Square
Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Bryson.
Presbyterian church, delivered a prayer.
Dr. Macintosh recommended the follow¬ The following were then elected as mem¬
ing for membership: Robert McAfee,
director of public improvements, Alle¬ bers: James Barnet, deputy secretary of
gheny City, Pa. ; David R. Oliver, iron the commonwealth; James W. Cochran,
manufacturer, Allegheny City, Pa. ; David of Columbus, Ohio; Joseph Ralston, of
Carlisle, linen importer, Hew York city, Mechanicsburg; Captain John C. Harvey,
and Rev. J. Chapman Jones, D. D., pas¬ Major Joseph Addison Moore, Robert
tor Oakland M. E. church, of Pittsburg. Snodgrass, A. Boyd Hamilton, Dr. Hugh
The recommendations were accepted and Hamilton, Dr. James Brown, of Harris¬
the gentlemen elected to membership. burg, and- Robert McMeen, of Miffiin-
Others elected as members this morning town.
were Rev. Samuel A. Martin, D. D., Rev. Dr. George Macloskie, of Prince¬
president of Wilson college for women ton, delivered an address on “Ulster; As
at Chumbersburg; Superintendent L. e! It Was and As It Is.” He spoke ol tbe
McGinnes, of the schools of Steelton. small wages ’paid in former times
Dr. Macintosh then spoke of Mr. Robert to school teachers, laborers, etc., in
Bonner declining re-election as president Ulster. The speaker dwelt greatly on re¬
of the society. ligious movements in Ulster. The ques¬
At the close of the election of the presi¬ tion of temperance was dwelt upon as were
dent Hon. J. B. McPherson was called to the educational facilities in Ireland. He
the chair and presided over the remaining j pictured how the Scotch-Irish were
part of this morning’s business meeting. j under political disadvantages. His ad-
----- - - -
Dr. Stewart, chairman of the nominat-
 The programme for this evening is as
-*s interesting and highly appieci-
by all present.; follows: Music, Steelton band and Eu-
terpe^quartette; nomination of members
Robert McMeen, esq., of Mifflintown,
and transaction ol' routine business; ad-
followed Dr. Macloskio with an exhaus¬
| dress, Rev. Henry McCracken, D. D..
tive address on the “Scotch-Irish in the
New York; address, ‘‘MacMillan,” Rev.
Juniata Valley.” He graphically de¬
I J. D. Moffat, D. D., Washington and
picted the injuries and misfortunes heaped
Jefferson college; address, ‘‘The Influence
upon the sturdy race by hostile Indians
of the Scotch-Irish in the Cumberland
and the government of the mother coun¬
Valley, ” Rev. George Nor cross, D. D.,
try, and outlined the important part
Carlisle.
played by the Scotch-Irish of the Juniata
The members and visitors attending
Valley in precipitating the American
revolution. the congress will be given an excursion
to-morrow to Gettysburg. They will
‘‘The Scotch-Irish movement in the
leave the Philadelphia and Reading de¬
Cumberland Valley was ably presented
pot at 8 o’clock in the morning and be
by B. M. Nead, esq-, of this city. Mr.
| in charge of the local committee, return-
Nead said that the Scotch-Irish were pre¬
| ing to the city in the evening and be ten-
eminently the class of settlers which
: dered a reception from 7 to 8 o’clock at
brought to the new world the distinctly
! the executive mansion by Governor and
Anglican principle of absolute liberty.
IMrs. Hastings,
He passed in rapid review the glorious
epochs of American history in which they ENTERTAINMENT TO-MORROW EVENING.
held prominent places, and said that The programme for to-morrow evening
fighting was almost as strong an article at the opera house will be as follows:
of religious faith with the Scotch-Irishj Music, Euterpe quartette; address, ‘‘A
as was peace with the Quakers. Night in a Log College,” by Rev. Dr.
. -P* W. S. Parthemore read an interest- John S. Macintosh, of Philadelphia.
, lrig article on the ‘‘Early Ferries on the Covenanter services will be held in the
Susquehanna Among the Scotch-Irish,” opera house on Sunday afternoon at 3.30
in which he showed that they wer o ac- o'clock. The choirs of the Presbyterian
f quainted with the peaceful arts as well churches of the city will have charge of
as those of war. the music.
M. W. McAlarney offered a resolution
to the effect that the poem read by Rev.
David X. Junkin, at Oakville in 1875^
be included in the forthcoming volume of
the proceedings of the present congress. The From,
resolution was unanimously adopted.
Charles Clay Gejdes, of " Williamsport,
and Hon. L. W. Hall and J. Edmund
Rutherford, of this city, were nominated
and duly elected members of the society.
At 12.15 the congress adjourned until
this afternoon at 2 o’clock.
AFTERNOON' SESSION.
The afternoon session opened with
prayer by Rev. Dr. Macloskie, of Prince¬
ton, N. J. Then followed the nomina¬
tion and election of the following mem- !
bers of the society: J. F. McGinnes, of
Williamsport; W. G. Park, Scranton:
SEOTB-ia CBS,
Attorneys Edwin W. Jackson, Edgar L.
King, W. H. Middleton and Mr. Spencer The Eighth Annual Meeting in This
F. Barbel, of Harrisburg; Deputy Attor¬
ney General John P. Elkin, Miss Maiga-
rite M. Prince4 of Northampton county.
City a Decided Success.
The latter is but 5 years old and is a de- !
scendant of the seventh generation of SOME INTERESTING ADDRESSES.
Scotch-Irish. Colonel W. W. Hunter, of
Steubenville, Ohio, was introduced and
read an able paper on ‘‘Scotch-Irish Influ- ■.Visit to Berry Church and Paxtang Tester-

0n Ameri‘an Journalism.” Other day Afternoon—A Flue Program ot Exer-

addresses this afternoon were: ‘‘The
clsrs iu the Opera House East Night.
Scotch-Irish in the Cumberland Valley,”
C°°Peri Martinsburg, Pa. ;
The Manor of Maske, ” by Grier Hursh, The eighth annual,fmeetirg of the
Yorki “Scotch-Irish Bibliography Scotch-Irish congress, now in session in
of Pennsylvania,” by Major W. C. Ar¬
mor, Harrisburg; ‘‘Scotch-Irish in the • this city, is a decided success and every
Upper West Branch Valley,” by John E. *bne in attendance is highly pleased with
Megmnes, Williamsport.
fflarrisburg and their entertainment.
THIS EVENING’S SESSION. 1 1,1
 Yesterday' afternoon a 'arge delegation I The events of history .make apparent
(many peculiar characteristics of the race,
vent to Derry Church and Pax tang,
which have not here been specially
the papers read were especially inter¬ noted.
esting inasmuch as the yrecalled the But as suggested by this sacred place,
listory of the early days of the points, let one markt d feature of their character
be emphasized, that of strong and posi¬
visited.
tive religious conviction, causing them
The following address on ‘ Derry” in to differ in points of belief from many
part by Hon. A. Boyd Hamilton, was j• jother ecclesiastical bodies.
read by his son, Dr. Hugh Hamilton: We recognize them not as Puritans,
(Quakers or church men, but in matters
Gentlemen of the Scotch-Irish Society—I of faith and church polity as Presby¬
am complimented by the invitation of terians.
vour committee to address the conven-
Rev. David Conway, pastor of the
jtion of Scotch-Irishmen, and their de¬
church at Donegal, read the paper pre¬
scendants, now assembled at Harris¬
pared by Samuel Evans, of Columbia,
burg. In such a gathering of represen¬
bn “Donegal.” W. Franklin Ruther¬
tative men any effort of mine can add
ford read an interesting paper on ‘'Pax-
little interest to the relation of deeds of
tang,” and many favorable comments
a race that has had so much to do with
were beard concerning it. It touched
the formation, success and establish¬ on its early history and being one of the
ment of a permanent form of govern¬
landmarks of Seotch-Irish settlement,
ment, under which this country has
it had a peculiar charm for the dele¬
prospered for mere than a century,
gates to tbe congress. Rev. N. G.
j Our ^fathers brought from Ulster a
Parke, of West Pittston, made the
I democratic church government, an edu¬ closing address, the party returning to
cated clergy, an intelligent laity of posi¬ the city at 5 30 o’clock.
tive religious belief, humane instincts Previous to the call to order at the
and high aspirations for freedom, ar¬
Opera House last night the Citizens’
dently desirous to make their new home
band of Steelton discoursed lively music
permanently free in church and state. from the first balcony. When Dr. Mac¬
These are the men from whom we claim
intosh had called to order prayer was
descent; a line of ancestors true, brave
and good. made by Rev. George S. Duncan, of
Westminister Presbyterian ciiurc'n. Dr.
Nearly 300 years ago emigration from Macintosh announced the appointment
the lowlands of Scotland to the “waste of Rev. Dr. George B. Stewart, this city;
of Ulster” was commenced and encour¬ R. H Rogers, Springfield, 0., and Rev.
aged by tbe sovereign and his advisers. Dr. John Hall, New York, as the nomi¬
The tribal contests in the time of nating committee and said the commit¬
Elizabeth and her successors, added to tee would be requested to retire and pre¬
the barbarities of the English invader, pare its report.
in ineffective effort to conquer Ireland, The following persons were nominated
had devastated the fine province of and elected to membership: Wilson M.
Ulster and rendered the remnant of the Gearhart, Danvii'e; J. Nelson Clark,
original septs almost as wild as untu¬ city; Hon. Charles H. Smiley, Newr
tored savages. The aibitrary decisions Bloomfield, and Burton Gillespie Gal¬
to reclaim the territory by settlers, braith.
3a 1 -d “cervitors,” resulted beneficially, Dr. Macintosh then announced that
These “servitors” to whom large al¬ Hon. and Mrs. Louis W. Hall would be
lotments of jand were made, were of the pleased to meet the members at their
best class of Scotish gentry, whole home at South and Second streets this
clans, indeed, migrated in families, afternoon from 5 to 6.30 o’clock. Dr.
from the lowland region, passing south Macintosh announced greetings from a
ito the channel to ports nearest Belfast, society of the Scotch-Irish just formed
debarking along the northern coast of in Illinois, and from an executive com¬
Ireland to Antrim, Tyrone. Colerain, mittee in session at Chicago. Judge
Derry, Fermanagh and Donegal. Simonton announced that an address of
Before many years this emigration welcome, which was to have been de¬
had materially improved the grant and livered in the morning, would be made
so modified the invitation of the natives by Governor Hastings on behalf of the
that comparative quiet prevailed there, state. The governor’s appearance was
while other provinces were in a state tbe signal for applause. Governor
, of se'mi-rebeliiou. Hastings said in part:
As was said a long time ago by a'dis- “Ladies and Gentlemen—I welcome
ciuguished orator, “the great original the representatives of the Scotch-Irish
■Scotch-!rish settlement of the United society of America to Pennsylvania and
States was on the Susquehanna and its to her Capital City. The welcome I give
borders,” planted in fertile soil, “from yon is sincere, cordial and hearty. I
thence branches have run over the myself am one of you, and, therefore,
wall,” sending healthy shoots into ad from a personal as well as a representa¬
the great valleys of the^ Middle_states. tive standpoint my words should imply
§tf. v
 ui
of all other nationalities.. that have ar
double Weleo me. rayed themselved under the emblem of
“You are welcome because you are liberty,
ilUCl vj y they
l/J-iv-'j' have by XT
preseverance,7
Scotch-Irish; and you are doubly wel¬ courage and industry contributed to the
come because you are American citizens creation and construction of this the
of Scotch-Irish descent. You have come greatest, grandest and best of all com¬
to a state within whose borders the monwealths in the galaxy of American
Scotch-Irish emigrant was the first to states * ^
find a foothold; amoDgthe first to let the Dr. Macintosh responded in behalf of
neighbors know what he was here for; the congress and said it was fitting to
and what yiews he entertained in regard return to the governor the thanks of the
to civil and religious government. organization for his cordial words of wel¬
“No one has yet had the hardihood to come. He paid allowing tribute to the.;
deny that the Scotch-Irishman brought governors and judges Pennsylvania has
his national characteristics with him. had. When he had finished his re¬
The perseverance, energy, ambition, sponse he announced the reception to
sturdy ---
UVULVAJ stubbornness—or ‘dourness,’
—-~- as be given by the Governor and Mrs.
they call it at home—and blunt speech Hastings at the executive mansion to¬
all came along over in the same vessel morrow evening from 7 to 8 o’clock.
and remained with him and his de- Dr. William H. Egle, state librarian,
scendents even unto the present genera¬ then read his paper on “Landmarks of
tion. Early Scotch-Irish Settlement in Penn¬
“Through the years that have inter¬ sylvania.” He believed the Scotch Irish
vened from those pioneer days to the people had been chosen to do a mis¬
j resent, the Scotch-Irish character and sionary work for God in the early
characteristics have been so largely in¬ days of the nation. Dr. Egle referred
terwoven with our growth, development to the Pennsylvania German and the
and history that the catalogue must be turbulent Irishman of those days. It
classified and tabulated in order to dis¬ was net bis province to give them
close all the fields of usefulness which praise at this rime. He had come to
they have so successfully trodden. Out offer his mead of praise to that class of
of all their impress has come nothing Pennsylvania’s early settlers who had
which stands out so prominently as the proven equal to every emergency in
Scotch-Irish effort in behalf of the the days of its early settlement. After
moral and intellectual development ot referring briefly to their achievements
the people. , . he said it was to the land of Penn that
“In only one other line will I dare to the Scotch-Irish chiefly came. Prior to
venture. Let him who seeks to m m- Penn’s coming the Swedes and Hol¬
rnize the Scotch-Irish character in Penn¬ lander vied with each other in their
sylvania listen to the roll call of the supremacy on the Delaware. Passing
Scotch-Irish citizens who have been the emigration to this country of rep¬
elected to the highest office within the resentatives from other countries Dr.
gift of the state. , _ . . Egle said as a general thing the early
“Thomas McKean, a Scotch-Irishman, Scotch-Irish settlers landed in this
one of the signers of the Declaration country at New Castle, Delaware, and
of Independence, governor of Penn¬ f Hive I this with a description of their
sylvania from 1799 to 1808. William movements. Dr. Egle referred at
Findlay, the fourth governor of Penn¬ length to the many'T’Srmtaarks in this
sylvania under the constitution of vicinity at Hanover, Donegal, Derry an<
and descendant of those who in loboj
Paxtang; to the vicious historians wh(
took part in the famous siege of Derry.j had falsified concerning the Scotch
David Porter, another governor of this Irish.
commonwealth, was the grandson ol
that sturdy Scotch-Irishman, Robert Miss Helen Espy, of the Pine Street
Presbyterian church choir, followed with
Porter, who settled in Montgomery j
the solo “My Hame is Where the
county early in 1760. James Pollock, !
Heather Grows” with Miss Belle Mac->
governor from 1833 to 1856, was pioud
of the Scotch-Irish blood that flowed in Dowell, organist of Market Square Pres-1
byterian church, at the piano. The!
his veins. His paternal and maternal
singing of Miss Espy was greeted with
ancestors em’graiel from the north o.
much applause, her clear voice ringing1
Ireland to America as early as 1/oU. me
sweetly through the big hall in the music
next Scotch-Iri-h governor we had was of the Scotch air.
the war governor, Andrew Gregg
Cm tin. John W. Geary, the illustrious Rev. Dr. Henry C. McCook, of Phila¬
delphia, followed with an address on
soldier, and afterwards governor, was
also proud of his Scotch Irish descent. “Scotch-Irish Pioneer Women.” • It
brought from the audience the liveliest
But the most significant fact is, tea.
interest. Dr. McCook began his address
with the corniog and commingling of
the hardy Scotch-Irish, the intrepid, by saying that the Scotch-Irishmen
have been the pathfinders of American
fearless and genial Irish, the phlegma¬
civilization. The majority of those who
tic, stolid and patriotic German, the
honest and conservative sons of tne pushed the advancing columns of civili¬
zation into the wilderness were sprung
land of Burns, the God-fearing and
man-loving Quaker, and the loyal types
 from the Scotch plantations in Ulster.
But men of whatever race were not
alone in these advances and adventures.
Side by side with them woman walked From,
the forest trail and floated over the
lonely river. All honor to the pioneer
mothers, the women of our Scotch-Irish
stock. We ask it not in the name
of courtesy, hut in the name of jus¬
tice, not because it is a graceful thing Bate, .'£kctje..
for men to speak in complimentary
terms of women. Dr. McCook referred
to the early pioneer women as being
fine specimens of womanhood, spoke at
some length of their dress, of their
work, of their part in the homemaking
in the wilderness. He said in those
early days the women had no place to
lay their heads and that they wel-
j corned the log cabin because it was a
shelter from the damp and a refuge CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS
from the storm. He gave visions of
the cabin interiors of those days and
his word pictures were both humorous Scotch-Irish Took a Trip to Gettys¬
and touching. He spoke of her part in
religion and in society and of her ef¬ burg Battlefield,
forts in behalf of civilization. Of her ———-----
pait in educating he dwelt at length.
In closing he paid an elcquent tribute There was another large aiul cultured
to the mother and when ne bowed and audience in the Opera House last night to
retired there was a storm of applause witness the proceedings of the congress
that lasted for fully a minute. of the Scotch-Irish Society of America.
Miss Lillie Coyle Hench sang “I’m
The size of the audience and the promi¬
Wearing Awa’ to the Land of the Leal”
nence of the people who composed it in¬
in a way that brought forth the most
dicated that interest in the congress does
generous appreciation. Luther R. Mof-
fit was the accompanist. not flag. Prior to the beginning of the
Dr. John Hall made the closing ad¬ regular exercises, the following gentle¬
dress, oh “The Duties of Scotch-Irish¬ men were elected members of the society:
men.” He referred briefly to the ab¬ Rev. Geo. Norcross.D. D.,Carlisle; James
sence of President Bonner. In taking up i Boyd and John Y. Boyd, Major Robert
his subject Dr. Hall said it was a fitting ' Forster and Joseph Montgomery, all of
thing that a clergyman should be chosen Harrisburg.
to talk on such a subject as had been as¬ The Steelton Band was stationed in the
signed him and to bring the duties gallery, and delighted the audience at the .
of Scotch Irishmen before the audi¬ opening of the session with a splendidly
ence he was to address. His task rendered medley of old-time Scottish
was to indicate the duties and not to tunes.
dwell upon doctrines. The first duty he The addresses of the evening were of j
said was for Scotch-Irishmen to make
an unusually high order of excellence, '
themselves acquainted with the history
of their race. He said in this connec¬ and dealt in a great measure with the !
tion that when they came to study the [founding of the Presbyterian Church in !
movements and difficulties of their fore¬ the United States.
fathers they would get some lessons that The first address was delivered by
would be valuable in life. He went on Chancellor McCracken, of the University '
to speak of the church as a great con¬ of New York, on the subject, "What
tributor to the agencies employed in the Manner of Man Was and is the Scqteh- j
work of spreading the knowledge of the Irishman.’’ The speaker singled out ;
kingdom of Christ, and of the part the special types as representatives of the I
roce had taken in this great under¬ race, and described them and recounted j
taking. The second duty he said was 1tuW1' history. Speaking oFtEfTimmigra¬
for Scotch-Irishmen to do all they tion of the race to this State, the speaker :
can for those of their race with said: “New England was not free
whom they are brought in contact. The enough for the Scotch-Irish, or New
j third duty was for them to try to per- lork either. Thrice welcome then to the
t petuate the forces that have made the I wilds and the woods of Pennsylvania ”
race what it is described to be. “The ;As a type of suffering and brave Scotch-
forces that have made our people what i Irishman in the old world he instanced
they are are abiding forces. Let us keep 1 Alexander MacCrackeu, who suffered so
them for the .generations coming after much because he would not take the
us.” The fourth duty he said was for oath; even after two and one-half years
Scotch-Irishmen to be conscientious, " " ’

straightforward and intelligent so as to

be able to promote the best interests of
their country.

Hr ’ ."
 Ws'-

Uiud biss trib

tributes to MacMillan and other j|
leaders; were 'as eloquent as they were
deserved
*• f
Cumberland Valley Scotch-Irish.
Rev. Dr. George Norcross, pastor of
the Second Presbyterian Church, at. Car¬
lisle, spoke on “The Influence of the
Scotch-Irish in the Cumberland Valley.”
He said in part:
“I have been asked to tell the story of
the Scotch-Irish in the Cumberland Val¬
ley. Though the theme is rather trite in
this region, it has received so far uo at¬
tention in the many able papers which
have been published by this society.
I The Cumberland Valley extends from
the Susquehanna to the Potomac, a dis¬
tance of about sixty miles, with au aver¬
age width of from ten to twenty miles.
This beautiful volley is set. in a rustic
frame of mountains ou which the eye
rests with peculiar pleasure. This region
received its present name after the for¬
mation of Cumberland county in 1750.
Previous to this it had been known by its
GEORGE NORCROSS.
Indian name as the “Kittoclitinny Val¬
ley,” though the earlier settlers in York
of Imprisonment, he remamedT'inflexible: county called it “the North Valley.”
As a type of the indomitable and success¬ Blessed with a salubrious climate, a fer¬
ful Scotch-Irishman in the new world he tile soil and abounding springs of water,
referred to Henry MacCracken.who came it has long been celebrated as one of the
early to live on the banks of the Susque¬ richest agricultural regions of the coun-
hanna River. The speaker recounted his
struggle with adversity, the supineness Bcotch-Irish were n hardy race,
of the State authorities in protecting the born and bred in the school of adversity.
settlers from Indian depredations and . They cherished the memories of Patrick
read letters from MacCracken, which Hamilton, George Wishart, John Knox
described the hardships the pioneers hnd and the martyr heroes of the Grass Mar¬
to undergo. Then he told of the growth ket. They knew the story of Bothwell
of the race with the development of the Brig and the Battle of the Boyne equal¬
country. The traits of the Scotch-Irish¬ ly well; for they had learned them both at
man were well described, and the chan¬ , a mother’s knee. When they came to
cellor eloquently told of his free, bold this country, they had been ‘‘harried” out
but reverent truth in God. “God,” he of two kingdoms and cherished sacred
said, “he considers as his God. He im¬ and awful memories of them both. They
plicitly trusts in him to provide every¬ sought freedom to worship God accord¬
thing necessary to his existence.” The ing to the plain teaching of his word; but
Scotch-Irishman in America has been the they also sought a place where they might
builder of school houses, and if the lay the hearthstone and build up the sa¬
Yankee school teacher has been abroad,
cred shrine of family life beyond the
the Scotch-Irish builder has also. The
reach of a bishop’s court and the hated
common schools began by the Scotch sys¬
stigmas of its cruel edicts. They were
tem of having a school to every church.
willing to cross the stormy deep, and
When the Constitution of the United
make a home in “Penn’s Woods,” taking
States was submitted for adoption, the
all the risks that was involved in such
first three States to adopt it were those in
an enterprise, if they might be free from
which the Scotch-Irishmen were strong.
those despotic methods in both Church
Chancellor MacCracken’s address was
aud State to which they had so long been
an eloquent tribute to the race, and was
subjected.
well received.
“But now the question may be asked, >
Rev. J. D. Moffatt, D. D., president of
What did these people do that was
Washington and Jefferson College, read
an interesting paper on MacMillan and worthy of record?
I. The Scotch-Irish and religion.
other pioneer Scotch-Irish ministers, who
A recent writer on “The Making ofi
did so much towards the intellectual and
Pennsylvania,” who seems to have inher-!
religious development of the western
ited the prejudices of the last century, |
part of the State, and especially in that
quotes with great gusto the saying of
portion embraced in Washington and
Winthrop Sargent that “the Scotch-Irish
Westmoreland counties. MacMillan, he
always clothed themselves with curses as
said, was graduated from Princeton, and
with" a garment.” The saying is a very,
made his first trip in Western Pennsylva¬
happy introduction to several profanet
nia in 1775, and three years later he went
anecdotes with which the writer has been;
permanently to Washington county. He
pleased to disfigure his book, but it cer¬
built a log school bouse, in which he
taught young men Latin and Greek. tainly does the race injustice. It is not.’
The speaker then went on to describe the the memory which has come down to us
mode of living of this and other Scotch- from the pious men who founded “The
Irish settlers, the heroic and successful Churches of the Valley.”
work of the women and the establish¬ While it is certainly true that the race
ment and growth of churches and schools have not all been saints, yet as a class
in many localities. Dr. Mqffatt’s address they were a truly religious people. They
was replete with valuable information of bad suffered much for the sake of thefri
the early life in Western Pennsylvania. . religious principles. They_brought the)
 15
Bible, the' Confession of Faith and the
Psalm Book with them, and the chain of" ed minister. The persistent effort to es¬
churches which they founded in the Cum¬ tablish classical schools in the Yulley re¬
berland Valley is proof of their devotion sulted in the founding of Dickinson Col-
and religious zeal. The organization oi lego in 1783, where many able men were
these churches is not a matter of record ! prepared for eminent usefulness iu both
jit is a curious fact which illustrates wel Church and State.
the religious spirit of these people that ' No element iu the early settlement of
as soon as we find any trace of theii this country brought, more decided con¬
settlements in the valley their churches victions on the subject of political in¬
are there as a part of their very exis¬ stitutions than the early fathers of the
tence. Cumberland Valley. The duty of pas¬
j The earliest notice of ministers visiting sive obedience had been preached to them
ithe valley is in 1734, when the Presby for more than a hundred years. They j
tefy of Donegal “ordered Mr. AiexandefJ had heard it first in Scotalnd from the |
^ruighead to supply over the river tw< minions of the Stuarts. They heard it I
pr three SabbathsUn November.” Tin again during their sojourn in Ulster in |
text, rear Thomson, Oertratu and n«i- a way which sent them to the study of '
that hard question, the proper relation ,
head were sent to supply the people in
between Church and State.
the same region.
It may seem unfortunate in these hal¬
These churches of the Valely are well
cyon days of peace to recall the mistakes
worthy of more notice than we can give
and hardships of former generations, but
them in a short paper. As their names
the veracity of history requires us to
indicate, these churches generally were
painfully traverse these
built by the natural springs so abundant “ Old unhappy far-off things
in this limestone region. The speaker And battles long ago.’
then gave a sketch of the several original It is only in this way that we can arrive
churches, Silver Spring, Meeting House at any proper understanding of the men
Spring (Carlisle), Big Spring (Newville), and the motives which combine to make
Middle Spring, Rocky Spring, Falling our American history.
Spring (Cliambersburg), and the churches The rights of the people to a voice in
of the Conococheague (Mercersburg, the government of both Church and
Greencastle and Welsh Run). State has always been a fundamental
II. The Scotch-Irish and Education. principle with the Scotch-Irish Presby¬
The right and duty of private judgment, terians. The contemptuous disregard of
on which the Scotch-Irish Presbyterian this principle by the lords temporal and
has always strenuously insisted, involves spiritual of Great Britain sent these men
by the bonds of an invincible logic the im¬ across the stormy Atlantic in the pur¬
portance of popular education. If the suit of freedom, civil and religious.
people must decide for themselves in mat¬ The patriotism of our ancestors was
ters of religion, they must learn to read put to the test, first in the Freuch and
and think for themselves. Therefore, Indiau wars ,and afterwards in the
wherever these reformation principles Revolutionary conflict. In both these
have prevailed, the school house has been trials they came through the fiery test
planted under the shadow of the church. with conspicuous credit to themselves.
But another principle of the Scotch- The Presbyterians of the Cumberland
Irish Presbyterian which wrought to the Valley were foremost among the Pro¬
same cud was the place which he gave to vincial troops during the whole French
the laity iu the government of the Church. War, and throughout all the Indian wars
The ruling elder in the Presbyterian j they sustained nearly the whole burden
Church sits in judgment upon the quali- j of defending the frontier.
fications of the young candidate for the I The War of tilt Revolution was msbed
ministry. He must weigh the obscure, for principles peculiarly dear to the
erratic or mistaken views of the heretical Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, and they
teacher. He must approve or reject the were among the first to declare them¬
new measures which iu the providence of selves in favor of separation from the
God are constantly emerging in the his¬ mother country. They were conspicuous
in every battle of the struggle, and when
tory of the Church, he must be “wise to
the conflict elided they had a large part
know what Israel ought to do” in every
in the formation of our Federal Govern¬
new crisis; and all this 'is impossible un¬
ment. which is largely formed on the
less this representative of the people be
model of our republican form of Church
a reading, thinking man.
Government.
But after all the most potent influence
During the evening Miss Lillie Coyle
demanding the appliances of a higher edu¬
Hcnch sang “Annie Laurie” very impres-
cation among our ancestors was the deep
| sively, and that other favorite Scotch
and unchangeable conviction which pre¬
song, “Bonnie Sweet Bessie, the Maid of
vailed among them that the ministry of
Dundee,” was rendered with fine effect
the Church can never be safely intrusted
by Miss Mary Derr. The audience was
to uulearned and ignorant men. This
delighted with the singing, and loudly ap¬
principle which finds expression in the
plauded the two ladies. The Steelton
written constitution of the Church hat
band rendered delightful music at the
had all the force of an unwritten lav
evening sessions.
grounded in the elementary prejudices
and traditions of our race. Keception by Mr. and Mrs. Hall.
The religion of the Scotch-Irish Pres It was a most delightful reception ex¬
byterian was the religion of a book, anc tended from 5 to 6:80 last evening by
that book was the Bible. He held to f Hon. and Mrs. Louis W. Hall to the
high theory of inspiration. To expound Scotch-Irish Congress. The house was
the Book of Cod properly it must be read very charmingly decorated and Mr. and
in the original tongues; hence the Ulster¬ Mrs. Hall are well known to be perfect
man always insisted on having an e_ducat- In the capacity of entertainers. The re¬
ception was largely attended by visiting

V4M5SA „®. - "

 delegates and nil of the notables or tne
Reformed Presbyterians Who
congress were there. Among those who
helped to receive* were: Mrs. Francis Will Gather in Glasgow
Jordan, who presided in the dining room,
and who was aided there by the Misses in a Few Weeks.
Hall, Miss Reily, Mrs. Charles L.Bailey,
jr„ and Mr. and Mrs. Robert Snodgrass:
in the parlors were Mr. and Mrs. Hall:
who were assisted in receiving by Judge1 PENNSYLVANIANS GOING
John W. and Mrs. Simonton, Mr. and;
Mrs. M. W. McAlarney, Mrs. A. J. Dull,
Miss Mary Espy, Miss Sergeant, Mrs. These People Maintain That God
Thomas M. Jones, Mrs. Charles L. Far¬ Slionld Be Recognized in the Con¬
ley, of Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. Dr. Georgej stitution of the United States.
I S. and Mrs. Chambers.
Program for the Martyrs’
Off to G«tty»»nrs.
Memorial Service.
This morning at 8 o’clock the members
of the society and visitors left for Gettys-
I burg, where thev will spend the day on
the battlefield. The party will return The convention of the Reformed Pres¬
this evening and from 7 to 8 o’clock Gov¬ byterian Churches, or, as they are better
ernor and Mrs. Hastings will give a re¬ known, the ‘‘Scotch Covenanters,” to be j
ception at the Executive Mansion. held at Glasgow, Scotland, in the latter i
“A Night In a Gog College.”
part of June and the first part of Julj’,
Rev. Dr.John S.Macintosh, of Philadel¬ will be one of the most important events
phia will be the principal speaker at the
Opera House this evening. His subject in the history of that sect for years.
in “A Night in a Log College.” Dr. Mac¬ The delegates who go from this and
intosh is a popular speaker and ■one of other countries will perform the two-fold j
the most eloquent men of the Scotch-
mission of attending the Pan-Presbyteri¬
Irish race. There will doubtless be a
an Council, to meet at Glasgow' June 17,
large audience to hear him.
and1 also the convention of the Scottish
Congress Chat. Covenanters and their descendants, in
At the Scotch-Irish Congress, -yester¬ the same city, from June 27 to July 3.
day, Mr. Charles King Geddets, Of Wil¬ The Covenanters are a branch of the
liamsport, Pa., was elected a member. Presbyterian Church, adhering strictly
At yesterday’s meeting of the National
Council of the Congress, Dr. William H.
Egle, State Librarian, was elected an
honorary member of the National society.
The Executive Board has decided to
recommend to President Robert Bonner
the acceptance of the offer of Princeton
College of a building to be used as the
i society’s headquarters and n place for the
j preservation of the records.
! Mr. M. Wilson McAlarney was elected
a member of the Executive Board of the
Scotch-Irish Society of America.
To-morrow afternoon at 3:30 there will
be a Covenanter service -in in the
i V- Opera
hoirs of the
House. The combined choirs Pres- j
thePres-
irrisburg will fur-
byterian churches of Harrisburg
nish music.

Rev. T. P. Stevenson, D. D.

to the principles of the Church as

taught by John Knox, and one of their
great ideas is that the name of God I
should be recognized in the Constitution
 w 17
I

lot the United States. It was In defense ;Somerset, Nova Scotia, at Stirling, and
of this that Dr. McAllister, editor of otherST Similar services will he held
(the Christian Statesman and the Chris¬ on the same day by all Reformed Pres¬
byterian churches.
tian Reformer, of Pittsburg, was per¬
mitted to spealc for over two hours RECEPTION AT GLASGOW.
in Congress when the subject was up for On Tuesday, June 30, a reception will
discussion last March. be held in Christian Institute, Glasgow,
THE FIRST CONGREGATION. and on Wednesday a conference will be
held in the same place for the reading
The first known Covenanter congrega¬
of papers by prominent clergymen, in¬
tion in America was that of Middle Oc-
cluding the American delegation. Wil¬
torara, Pa., founded in 1738, while the
liam Boggs, the -well-known Kensington I
Reformed Presbytery was organized in
manufacturer, of this city, will preside
1774 and the Conochoc League has had
at a meeting to be held on Wednesday
|an uninterrupted existence since 1742.
(evening, and on Thursday morning and
I The denomination is noted for its old
■(evening similar meetings will he held
ministers and the permanency of their
and presided1 over by Robert Long, of
service in their respective charges,among
Belfast, and John M’Donald, of Glas¬
these being Rev. Dr. T. P. Stevenson,
gow.
who has been pastor of the First Re¬
formed Church of this city for over The Philadelphia delegates joined the
delegates from this country at New York
thirty-three years. Other old ministers
are J. J. McClurkin, who has been yesterday morning and at 11 o’clock left
preaching fifty-five years; John Gal¬ the Hai-bor hy the City of Rome for Liv-.
braith and James Kennedy, each fifty-
four years in the gospel service.
The convention of the Covenanters in
Scotland will partake largely of a mem¬
orial to the martyrs and founders of
the Church during the fourteenth, and
fifteenth centuries. On Saturday, June From,
27, the “Lochgoin Memorial” services
will be held in connection with the un¬
veiling of the monument erected at Loch¬
goin, Scotland, by the Harvie Memorial
Committee.
MEMORIAL SERVICES.
On the following Sunday “martyr
memorial services” will be held through¬
out Scotland in the churches and at
the graves of martyrs, the clergymen
of the denomination conducting the ser¬
vices being Rev. J. M. Foster, Boston,
Mass., at Balmaghie; Rev. T. P. Steven¬
son, of this city, at Bass Rock, with History of the Bell—Its Reproduction In
Berwick U. P. Church, and at Blackad- Belle ek China.
der’s gi-ave, North Berwick; Rev. J. C. One of the most venerable and highly ven¬
M'Feeters, this city, at Blairgowrie, erated of our historical relics is the Liberty
First Free Church, and Rattray, Donald
Bell, which rang out the glad tidings of our
Cargill’s birthplace; Rev. H. H. George,
D D., Beaver Falls, Pa., at Bothwell separation from Great Britain when the Decla¬
Bridge; Rev. D. C. Martin, Pittsburg, ration of Independence was proclaimed?,® the
at Cargill’s Stone, Maybole; Rev. R. C. people assembled about the old State House in :
Montgomery, this city, at Camhusnethan, Philadelphia at noon on July 8, 1776. While
grave of Ingils; Rev. J. M. Foster, of the home of the bell has ever since been in
Boston, at Castle-Douglas, Free (Mac¬ the city of Penn, however, it belongs to
millan) Church; Rev. D. M.’Allister, D.
no section, but is the heritage of the whole
D., LL. D., Pittsburg, at Crossgellioeh,
Martyrs' Monument, and at Cumnock, j American people, thousands cf whom have
Peden’s monument; Rev. S. G. Shaw, Ph. | recently been given the opportunity of seeing
| jp., of Cambridge, Mass., at Dalserf, 1 it during its triumphal tours to Chicago and
Macmillan’s monument; Rev. Professor Atlanta. There is no corner of the Union
1 Willson, D. D., of Allegheny, Pa., at where ttxe fame of the old hell has not pene¬
I Drumclog, near battlefield; Professor R. trated, vet its true history is known to com¬
J George, D. D., of Allegheny, Pa., at paratively few.
Edinburgh, Greyfriars Churchyard; Rev. The original bell for 'the State House was
Dr. IT. H. George, of Beaver Falls, Pa., made in England In 1752, and reached Phila¬
i at Glasgow Infirmary Square _ (John delphia in the month of August of that year,
but, while being tested, after it had been hung, a
Knox service); Rev. R. C. Wylie, of few weeks later, it was cracked, and so ren¬
i Wilkinsburgh, Pa., at Kilmarnock, Hen- dered useless, whereupon two mechanics in
iderson Free Church and Nishet’s monu¬ Philadelphia, Messrs. Pass and Stow, offered
ment, Kilmarnock; Rev. Dr. Shaw, Cam- to recast it, and their proposition was accept¬
!bridge, Mass., at Lanark, tlio cemetery; ed by the superintendents of the State House.
Supposing that the brittleness of the English
iRev C. D. Trumbull, D. D., of Morning bell had been caused by an insufficiency of
1 Sun,’ la., at Martyrs’ Free Church,_ St. copper in its composition, a quantity of that
I Andrews; Rev. D. C. Martin, of Pitts¬ metal was added, and in March, 1753, the
burg. at Maybole, West Church, and new bell, weighing 2,080 pounds, was com¬
Minlshaut Memorial Church; Rev. S. J. pleted. But it was soon discovered that the
Crowe, of Oil Creek, O., Moniaive, Ren- - proportion of copper was too great, and the
bell was then cast a third time, and earlv in
wick’s birthplace; Rev. G. M. Robb, of June of the last-named year it was placed in
Youngstown, O., at New Luce; Rev. v\ . position.
j Coleman, of Allegheny, at Quarrel- In additio'n to the names of the founders and ;
Iwood, Dumfries; Rev. Thomas McFall,
 the elate of casting, wiiicfi tvere placed in rais¬
ed letters on one side, the following inscriptions
! encircled the upper portion:
"“Proclaim liberty throughout all the land,
unto all the inhabitants thereof.”
“By order of the Assembly of the province
of Pennsylvania for the State House in Philada.”
The first inscription was selected by Isaac
Norris, Speaker of the Assembly, from Le¬
viticus, xxv., 10:
“‘And ye shall hallow the fiftieth year, and
proclaim liberty throughout all the land, nnto
all the inhabitants thereof; it shall be a jubilee
unto you.”
How appropriate did this command of the
Lord unto Moses on Mount Sinai prove when
twenty-three years later the sound of the bell
proclaimed the liberty of the American people.
The application of the first portion of the Scrip¬
tural injunction, however, “and ye shall hal¬
low the fiftieth year,” which “shall be a jubilee
unto you,” does not appear so dear, but
according to Mr. Frank M. Etting, author of
“An Historical Account of the Old State House
of Pennsylvania,” a remarkable coincidence oc¬
curred on the fiftieth anniversary of the na¬
tion’s birth, in the death of the last two sur¬
viving signers of the Declaration, Thomas Jef¬
ferson and John Adams, which took place on
July 4, 1826; and by another singular coinci¬ REVERSE SIDE, SHOWING THE OLD STATE HOUSE
dence the old bell was cracked just fifty- IN 1776,
nice years after the proclamation, while cute the order, and, after several months of
being tolled, on July 8, 1835, for the death of experimenting, produced a design in Bel-
Chief Justice John Marshall, which occurred leek porcelain which is said to surpass in
two days before. Then its mission seemed to quality and resonance of tone anything of the
he fulfilled and it became mute forever, after kind that has ever been made in Europe. The
1 a period ot eighty-three years from, the date of original intention was to produce a bell in
its first casting, which, curiously, was Thomas exact imitation of the old bell, both in design
Jefferson’s age when he passed from the scenes and color, and half a hundred examples were
of his earthly labors in the cause of liberty. made in a bronze-covered body, but the cost
In 1846 the crack in the hell was drilled out of production in this style was found to be too
to prevent its extension, and by this honorable great to permit of their sale at a popular price.
scar it is now known throughout the world. The hell, as now placed upon the market,
Such, in brief, is the history of the famous at a trifling cist, is made in thin white
Liberty Bell. To-day it hangs by its original china, with Delft blue coloring, and
iron staples in a glass-enclosed frame in Inde¬ while a departure from the real hue of
pendence Hall, Philadelphia, placed on a move- the original, the effect is much more pleas¬
able truck which cm readily be wheeled out of ing. The lettering and the rope handle are
the building in the event of fire. tinted in dark blue, and on the reverse side has
been introduced an engraving of the State
House as It appeared in 1776. To the thou¬
sands who have had the opportunity of inspec-
ing the venerable bell, this will prove an ac¬
ceptable memento, and those who have never
seen it will be able to gain an excellent idea
of it through this copy in miniature, and of
the appearance of Independence Hall, where
“Old Liberty” first rung in the birth of the
greatest, nation of the earth. It is through
such memorials as this that American notters
will he enabled to show their ability to com¬
pete with foreign manufacturers, and patriot¬
ism will be promoted among the people.
Edwin Atlee Barbs*.
SL ^ L w - tSis.

*
*#•

From,

atu* /A*..m
THE LIBERTY BELL Iff PORCELAIN,
Date .^
No more suitable subject could be selected
for reproduction in china by American potters
than this. It has been copied in miniature in
metal and in wood; it has been printed on
plates and cups and saucers, hut the hell itself
has never been exactly reproduced in clay
until recently, when a prominent china mer¬
chant of Philadelphia conceived the idea of
MASON AND DIXON'S LINE
utilizing the design for a table bell, which would
■’Ey
not only form an ornamental historical sou¬
venir, but would serve a useful purpose as well.
A Trenton Pottery as commissioned to c;.e- POPULAR ERROR AS TO ORIGINAL
CAUSE OF EXISTENCE.

Staked Ont Before tlie Revolntion-

lew.
 site of Philadelphia, and leave tne province
ary War, in 1763-7, to Mark tlie harborless. The Duke of York, hoping to
right matters, gave Penn a deed for New¬
Pennsylvania and Maryland castle and the plantation twelve miles
around It, in 16S2. A second instrument
Boundaries—Charter Disputes Be¬
conveyed to Penn all of the plantation
tween Penn and Lord Baltimore from New-Castle southward to Cape Hen-
lopen. Lord Baltimore’s protests against
the First Cause—Line Run by Sur¬ such disposals of territory in his charter
reached the Duke, who had now succeeded
veyors from England. his brother on the throne. In 1685 the
King’s Council, hoping to right the objec¬
tions of Baltimore, decided upon the fol-
Oxford, Penn., Aug. 22.—For years there . lowing:
Existed a supposition that Mason and That for avoiding further differences, the tract
of land lying- between the Bay of Delaware
joixon’s line was the line dividing the and the Eastern Sea on the one side, and the
Chesapeake Bay on the other, be divided into
slave-holding from the non-slave-holding equal parts by a line from the latitude of Cape
Henlopen to the fortieth degree of north latt-
States. Time and again it was referred to [ tude, the southern boundary' of Pennsylvania by
charter, and that the one-half thereof lying
is such by speakers on the floor of Con¬ toward the Bay of Delaware and the Eastern Sea
be adjudged to belong to his Majesty, and the
gress, and it is one of the most widely i other half to the Lord Baltimore, as comprised in
quoted geographical lines in. America. The his charter.
line was run by Charles Mason and Jere¬ The 1732 agreement, entered into by the
miah Dixon, mathematicians and surveyors, sons of William Penn and Charles Lord
Baltimore, great-grandson of the pioneer
of London, between the years 1763 and ; patentee of the Province of Maryland,
a.767, for the purpose of settling disputed which accounts for the noticeable boun¬
boundaries between the Provinces of Penn- daries of Delaware, follows:
That a semicircle should be drawn at twelve
1 English statute miles around New-Castle, agree-
1 ably to the deed of the Duke of York to William
’ Penn in 16S2; that an east and west line should
be drawn beginning at Cape Henlopen, which
' was admitted to be below Cape Cornelius, (the
present Cape Henlopen,) and running westward
to the exact middle of the peninsula: that from
the exact middle of the peninsula, between the
two bays of Chesapeake and Delaware, and the
end of the line intersecting it In the latitude of
Cape Henlopen, a line should be run northward,
so as to form a tangent with the periphery of the
semicircle at New-Castle, drawn with the radius
of twelve English statute miles, whether such a
line should take a clue north course or not; that
after the said northwardly line should touch the
New-Castle semieircie, it should be’ run further
northward until it reached the same latitude as
fifteen English statute miles due south of the
most southern part of the City of Philadelphia;
that from the northern point of such line, a due
west line should be run, at least for the present,
across the Susquehanna River, and twenty-five

Initial Monument of Circle of New¬

castle, Del.

sylvania and Maryland. These questions

arose from misstatements in the original
grants of the provinces, resulting in dis¬
putes between the families of William
Penn and Lord Baltimore. In 1732 an agree¬
ment was entered into by representatives
of the proprietaries respecting the boundaries
of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware,
the first and last named provinces then
in the possession of Penn’s family. The
difficulty of tracing the curved line between
these two provinces was the occasion of
the work, afterward executed by Mason
and Dixon.
Penn, in 1.680, was in .crested in an appli¬
cation he had made for a grant of land,
and had suggested to Sir John Werden,
agent for the Duke of York, brother of
Charles II., that his Lordship reserve the
Initial Monament of Mason and Dix¬
territory twelve miles north of New-Castle,
on’s Line.
Del., the Duke having expressed a desire
The Tripod was Left by Survey of 1S92.
to retain the land twenty or thirty miles
north of the same town. The distance miles beyond it—and to the western limits of
agreed upon was twelve miles. Penn’s rep¬ Pennsylvania, when occasion and the improve¬
ments of the country should require; that that
resentatives soon afterward entered on the part of the due west line not actually run,
plantation, when they discovered that Lord though imaginary, should be considered to be
the true uoundary of Maryland and Pennsylva¬
Baltimore’s patent, if continued to the for¬ nia * t * an(j that the route should be
tieth degree of platitude, would embrace, the welLmarked by. trees and other natural objects,
 i ml§3Ii
and designated by stone pillars, sculptured with end of Abacii mile a stone with a
the arms of the contracting parties, facing their side anil an M on the other, and ;
respective possessions. each firth mile a stone, bearing' t
The appointment of Commissioners fol¬ of the Penns on one side and those of
lowed, who ran lines for the New-Castle Baltimore.? on the side .opposite]
circle in 1732, 1739, 1750, and 1760. In The stones, oolitic limestone, came frc
some instances the Commissioners were ex¬ England, and their capacity td resist £
travagant, it being recorded that the body tion of the weather is remarkable. One i
of 1750 had several items of expenses: the fifth-mile stones is on the farm of Wll
“ A hogshead of port wine, 11 gallons of lam Brown, a few miles south of Oxfor
spirits, and 42 gallons of rum, costing in and the coat of arms of the pioneer p
all £27 12s. 6d.” On July 4, 1760, an agree¬ prietors are traceable, although expost
ment, based on the decision of Lord Chan¬ for over a century. Stones were set up i
cellor Hardwick, handed down in 1750, was far west as Sideling Hill, about 432 mll^
signed by the representatives of the lands from the northeast comer of Maryland. J
in question, and three years were spent the means of transporting them beyond th;
in settling the boundary Hennsvi- point were meagre, the further use of tl
stones was abandoned. The continua-Uo
of the line was marked by piles of stor.
about six feet high fas far as the suram
of the Alleghanies, beyond which posi
were planted and surrounded by-stones. J
is said the original stone set at the north
east corner of Maryland wa3 accidental!,
broken and the pieces mended by leadei
bands.
At the outbreak of the Revolutibnarj
War the lead was taken from tnc stone b>
Continental patriots and made irito bullets
The upper part of the stone fell and was
lost, the lower part became covered -wit!
earth, as it was situated in a ravine. Foi
many years the supposition existed, as np
marking stone was visible, that the !>'" ;
States, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and ^a/
ware, came together at that point. I &7
the Governors of these States appoin 0/
P. Eyre of Pennsylvania, H. G. S. K /.

imv*
jT
' ***
, v i i i\w*" 1^ a

Old Stone House at Northeast Corner of Mary la

Scenes of Prize Fights.

vania and Delaware. The Commissioners

ran the east and west peninsula line, the
twelve-mile circle in part, and established
the tangent point in the periphery of the
circle. Their progress was so disappoint¬
ingly slow to the proprietaries that they
dissolved existing relations and engaged
Mason and Dixon to finish the work. They
were “ to mark, run out, settle, fix, a.nd
>4
determine all such parts of the circle,
marks, lines, and boundaries as were men¬
tioned in the several articles or commis¬
sions, and were not completed.” They were
to receive, in addition to support, 10s. 6a.
each per day coming and returning ana a
guinea daily while in this country. On Triangniar Monument at Junction of
Nov 15. 1763, they arrived, and soon after¬ Three States.
ward they had an observatory erected In Showing Sides Facing Maryland and Delaware.
the southern part of Philadelphia, which
was probably the first of the kind in this
country. Mason and Dixon found the New¬ Maryland, and G. R. Riddle > f Delawan' to
castle circle run by previous surveyors of locate the spot formerly occupied ‘by the
assistance to them, and in the Fall ofliM missing cornerstone. The assistance of
they caused a stone to be planted, nxing Col. J. D. Graham of the United States
the northeast corner Maryland. Topographical Engineers was obtained,
This point was in latitude 39 deg. 43 min. ana the site of the missing. stone
26 8 sec., and on this parallel they proceeded found. The buried portion of the original
due westward, m^ng^vis^iigh^^ards stone was unearthed by men while sinking
a hole for the new stone to be erected The
old one was buried and a substantial mark
line'of PthetSpaWreaUelSrunUP of Brandywine granite reared, it being about
°rn„f°*K£ s5uare> with P and M on the sides.
On the brow of the hill sloping down to
the ravine, which contains the stone a
waterbrooica.nd profusion of wild UnT.,1™
stands an old stone house. It is known ti’
ssJWsttpW ‘Llf “
nivnn tnld them it was the desire or me
many of the sporting- fraternity of Easterly
cities, as in an adjoining field two noted'
prize fights occurred, the principals and
Six Nations that the surveys should cease
■ -u rphp surveyors returned to .their followers having made the house their
headquarters while out for a mill. The
first, was between ICelley of New-York and
Collier of Baltimore, on Pennsylvania soil.
The second and last mill happened in Mary¬
land, between Cleary and Weeden. Near by
! ofP theeiini wMch^was verified by astro- was the famous “ Backwoods Academy,”
an institution founded by Alexander Terrell
sssi who taught many students from the adjoin-’
mg btates. His first pupil was William H
 the Hon/ J/H. Hoffecker, and Dr. K. 'jo.
Lewis. The work was completed by the
joint commission in 1893. The initial mon¬
ument is of Brandywine granite, quarried
in Delaware. The terminal point, near the
Delaware River, is of gneiss. They are
marked with the names Pennsylvania
and Delaware, north and south sides,
Respectively, and other inscriptions. Each
{stone is set four feel and a half in the
earth, and firmly secured by cement. The
twentv-two mile stones and twenty-two
half-mile stones are of gneiss, and are prop¬
erly marked.
The triangular stone at the junction of
the three States Is marked P, M, and D. re¬
spectively, and carries the names of the
Commissioners, who refixed it in 1840. This
is the spot where the reported duel betsveeen
Bennett and May of New-York was to have
BcSccurred. ■; __'

^ Froin^aidhr^.. ¥1 fixing.A..

|
I (W.
...
11

Date, ..
E '

w* -

History of Early Dislilla=

tion in Pennsylvania.
BY A. J. SUNSTEIN.
Mile Stones of Mason and Dixon's Line.

Smith of Newark, Del. Prof. Terrell’s wife

was Miss Mira J. Street of Philadelphia, an The Eastern rye distilling business had its
artist of merit.
The tongue of land extending from Penn¬ origin in the Monongahela Valley, in Western
sylvania down between Maryland and Dela¬
ware is a topographical curiosity. At the Pennsylvania. Rye whisky was manufactured
upper part it is about 4,169 feet wide (be¬ in some parts of the eastern section of our
tween Pennsylvania and Delaware,)’ ex¬
tends southward about three and a half country prior to its production in Western Penn¬
miles, tapers to a point of intersection of
the three States, and contains about 500 sylvania, but not in such quantity or of such
acres. The land is a portion of London : character as to deprive Western Pennsylvania of
Britain Township, Chester County, Penn
but. Delaware claims it as a part of White the reputation of having given birth to the busi-
?lay Creek Hundred, New-Castle County
she has " always exercised jurisdiction over i ness. In fact, that section can lay claim to hav¬
It, treating her boundary as extending to ing given life to the grain-distilling business of
the northeast corner of Maryland. The land
is taxed in Delaware, the inhabitants vote the United States. To the migration of some of
as citizens of that State, and offenses com.
'rnittecLTherem are punished by her courts, its citizens in the latter part of the last century
while, on the other hand, Pennsylvania
{has never exercised any authority over; can be traced the establishment of the distilling
it.” This singular condition of affairs is business in the present principal producing cen¬
probably owing to errors made by the pio¬
neer surveyors who ran the lines. tres of our country.
The circle of New-Castle has been re¬
peatedly the line of confusion with citi¬
The truth of the old saying, that necessity is ;
zens residing close to it, the difficulty aris¬ the mother of invention, was never better exem¬
ing on account of the assessment and pay¬
ment of taxes. To avoid this, acts were plified than in the founding of the Eastern rye j
passed a few years ago by the Legislatures
of this State and Delaware authorizing
distilling business.
a. commission from each Commonwealth to Western Pennsylvania at the time of its first I
“ examing, survey, and re-establish the
boundary line,” &c. The Commissioners of | permanent settlement by whites in 1765, and for
Pennsylvania were the Hon. Wayne Mac-
Veagh, Robert E. Monaghan, and William many years thereafter, was an almost impene- j
H. Milier. Delaware’s commission was trable wilderness. It had no roads ; its natural !
composed of the Hon. Thomas F. Bayard,
trade artery, the Ohio river, was^ closed by the |
 w

javagery of the Indians, and its only remaining

abuse
I
The arguments used in the memorial to Con¬
outlet for its surplus product, chiefly grain, was gress requesting the repeal of the “ iniquitous
the East. To reach it the Allegheny mountains act,” as it was termed, are interesting, inasmuch
had to be crossed, and they could only be crossed as they give an insight into the importance of
I f: on foot or horseback over not any too well trod¬ the distilling business to the pioneer community
den bridle-paths. A pack horse could carry over and into the opinions held in reference to it. It
this rugged steep four bushels of rye ; when con¬ stated that it “operates on a domestic manu¬
verted into whisky it could carry the equivalent facture not equal throughout the States; that
of twenty-four bushels, and as it cost, even as it discourages agriculture and a manufacture
late as 1795. from five to ten dollars a hundred highly beneficial; that there is no substantial
weight to transport freight from the Mononga- difference between a duty on what is manufac¬
hela Valley to Philadelphia, it followed, as night tured from the produce of a country and the
follows day, that the Scotch-Irish inhabitants, produce in its natural state except, perhaps,
the first white settlers of the section, with the that in the first instance the article is more de¬
intuitive knowledge of distilling characteristic serving of the encouragement of wise legisla¬
of their countrymen, turned their surplus grain tion as nromotive of industry; ” and, finally, ]
into whisky. that “the excise on home-made spirituousTiq-j;
The nature of the propelling force is aptly put uors affects especially the raising of rye, and
by a celebrated writer in the statement that that there can be no solid reason for taxing it
“ whisky was the only high road to salt, which any more than any other article of the growth of
was $s a bushel, and to iron and steel, which the United States.”
were $15 and $20 a hundred weight. ” It was the The Government at first gave no heed to the
necessity of obtaining cash to purchase articles protest of the community, but later reduced the
not obtainable in a new settlement that brought tax and modified its collective provisions.
the Eastern rye distilling business into existence. However, opposition continued, Government
Whisky became the common product of the com¬ officers were threatened and citizens that obeyed
munity. Every farmer became a distiller, and the law forced into disobedience, and finally,
he that had not the wherewithal to purchase when all peaceable efforts failed, Washington
and equip a still, took his grain to his more considered it imperative, in 1794, to send out
fortunate neighbor to have it converted into 14,000 troops, under the leadership of Light
whisky, and made payment by a surrender of a Horse Harry Lee, to put down the insurrection !
percentage, much like the farmer of nowadays and force obedience. While the troops went to
takes his wheat to the grist mill to have it turned the scene of the insurrection Washington ac¬
into flour. companied them as far as Carlisle, Pa., their ser¬
“"This custom continued to a greater or less ex¬ vices were not called into requisition, as better
tent until after the establishment of the present council had prevailed and opposition to the law’s
internal revenue system. enforcement had ceased previous to their arrival.
It was the close identification of the distilling The money put into circulation by the troops in,
business with the interest of the community that the purchase of provisions had no little influence
gave rise to the Western insurrection, or, as it in the suppression of the trouble. The expense
is better known, the “ Whisky Rebellion.” The in putting down the insurrection was $669,992.32.
insurrection is part and parcel of the early his¬ Abraham Albert Alphonse Gallatin, afterward
tory of the Eastern rye distilling business, and if Jefferson’s Secretary of the Treasury, then a res-)
it was not for the written record of its occur¬ ident of the Monongahela Valley, was quite an |
rence and its incidents we would know very little important factor in the insurrection. He gave
of the incipiency of the industry. impetus to its rise as well as weight to its sup (
As is known, the cause was the laying by the pression. It is not without interest to know that
first Congress in 1791 of an excise tax of nine to one of arguments used with the malefactors
twenty-five cents a gallon on whisky and a about the close of the insurrection, to induce
capacity tax of sixty cents a gallon on stills, and them to desist from their violence and opposi-i
the effort of the Government to collect that tax. tion to the law, was that the Government would,)
The law particularly affected Western Pennsyl¬ if the disturbances were not quelled, transfer its]
vania, which opposed the enforcement with all contracts for whisky to supply the army to Ker i
the power of which it was capable. The law tucky, and thus deprive western Pennsylvan j
was denounced as unjust and oppressive, as an of a cash customer.
infringement on liberty, and liable^ to much
 obliged to take their grain on horseback into
f It is to be remembered that the first distillers Virginia, nearly a hundred miles from home, to
pf Kentucky and also the first distillers of Ohio have it made into “chop.”
knd Maryland, of whom we have any knowledge Though expensive, it must have been a pic¬
•were citizens of the Monongahela Valley, who turesque sight to see the lassies and farmers’
[had migrated to these States on account of the sons astride of a horse loaded with bags of grain
insurrection. going to the distant grist mill. The weight was
The population of western Pennsylvania in equally divided on each side of the animal. The
1991 was, in round numbers, 87,000 and an early finished product, “Old Monongahela,” was
writer on the subject estimates that at that time freighted in the same manner over the moun¬
every sixth man in its territory was a distiller. tains, two kegs to a horse, each keg holding
Washington county, then containing about a eight gallons, but they were not entrusted to the
fourth of this population, had 272 licensed stills, younger members of the family. The mashing
while now in 1897, the whole of the States of and fermenting was done in the same vessels.
Pennsylvania and Maryland combined contain When fermented the beer was run into the low-
only 151 registered distilleries. Of course, there wines still and then re-run sometime on the same
are at present single distilleries in the East that day, but more often on the following day. Boil¬
can produce a hundred times as much as most of ing was done over a wood fire in a pot still.
the stills did in those days, but considering the Separation was judged by color and strength
number then existing the aggregate production by bead. Water supply was drawn from over¬
must have been very large. head streams and springs. It has been said that
A pertinent fact as to the exact capacity of at one time there was a still located at every
natural overhead waterflow in the Monongahela
early distilleries is the record in an almanac pub¬ Valley from the mouth of the Monongahela
lished in 1812 of two distilleries at Pittsburg River to Redstone, now Brownsville, fifty-four
producing 600 barrels. The same authority also miles. jl
states that in 1808 there was bartered in the 1 ne necessity ot natural overneaa water supvj
same place 2,300 barrels “ Old Monongahela,” as ply, when nature was the sole dependence, un- !
the whisky of the section began to be called, at doubtedly accounts for many distilleries in old I
$12 per barrel. The knowledge that in 1808 the distilling centres being located in inaccessible
population of Pittsburgh was less than 4,500, places. Rye and corn, often wheat, was the
makes the quantity remarkable. If consump¬ material used to manufacture “Old Mononga¬
tion was at this rate now the 685,000 barrels es¬ hela.” A portion, of one or the other was 1
timated to be in the bonded warehouses of malted. The meal was scalded whh hot water,
Pennsylvania and Maryland would not suffice but convenience and economy of fuel and time
the present population of Pittsburg and immedi- j very often dictated the use of spent slop for the
ate vicinity three years. Presuming that its 1 purpose.
citizens could control this entire stock it would ^east after the first start was carried over
indeed be hard on the balance of the whisky from one fermentation to another. The yield
drinkers of the United States. rarely exceeded two and a half gallons to the
The Eastern rye distilling business, before and bushel. Whisky now made by this process is
for some years after the insurrection, was totally termed genuine hand made sour mash. In the
different in character from what it is now. It mountainous district of western Pennsylvania,
was not followed as a business, but was second¬ some whisky is still made in the same old
ary to farming. The still was operated as long fashion. Of all the names connected with tho
as there was surplus grain. Few paid cash for distilling business during the insurrection period
their distilling material. The process was simple, Thompson is the only remaining one. Official
the utensils few and small, and were, as a rule, xecords show that on Nov. 14, 1794, Benjamin
set up in the room or cellar of the dwelling. Not Wells, a Government inspector seized two stills
very many had separate buildings for the pur¬ from one Robert Thompson.
pose. With increase of facility and ingenuity the
It was only the exceptional man that possessed process of manufacture and business methods
his own grinding machinery. The grain was gradually changed. Convenience influenced
chiefly ground at the grist mills and they were I location and farmers’ stills declined and distilling
few and far between. began to be pursued as a business. The still-
The pay was grain, not money. Some of the house grew more pretentious and the capacity
: first distillers of the Monongahela Valley were | larger. Steam lessened labor and overhead
 •4

water supply became a tnihg more ot choice rsf bonded ware house, gave awayto a "different
than necessity. Discrimination began to be ex¬ character of warehouses, until now nothing can
ercised as to kind and quality of grain. Hand be conceived more perfect than the many-storied
mashing gave way to steam power and steam substantial brick warehouses, with their perfect
displaced fire in boiling. heating and ventilating systems that grace most
Fermentation was studied as a science, and of the prominent distilling properties of Penn¬
the distilling apparatus became more complex. sylvania and Maryland. The heating of ware¬
“Old Monongahela ” found favor, and business houses was first practiced in western Pennsyl¬
came without’ the necessity of seeking for it. vania. The ignorance of its influence in proof
Eastern merchants traveled from distillery to about twenty-five years ago caused the Govern¬
distillery, sampled the goods, bought what ment to threaten a leading distiller with seizure.
they needed and approved, and had it shipped It required a practical demonstration of the fact
to their home points. The palate and not that dry, warm storage increased strength to in¬
brand and age influenced the decision. The duce the Government to abandon the case. A
necessities of both governed price. Most gen¬ great English authority on distillates, in a work
erally the distiller was the coy maiden and the published as recently as 1893, still holds to the
me-chant the suitor. The practice of merchants theory that spirits lose in strength in dry and
making purchasing tours came in vogue at a warm warehouses.
very early period in the history of the Monon¬ The Eastern rye distilling business has made
gahela whisky distilling business, and continued its most rapid stride since 1863. The imposition
to a gradually lessening degree to as late a date of the tax on whisky and its attendant regula-
as the early seventies. Production by any one tion’gave the business new l'fe and spirit. Many
distiller was small, until well on in the sixties, distillers quit business, but the average capacity
the largest produced hardly 1,000 barrels a year. of those remaining increased by leaps. Strange
Merchants with large demands had at times con¬ as it may seem, the crop of 1864 was not ex¬
siderable difficulty in supplying their wants. It ceeded in amount by any crop until 1891, and the
was this that gave foundation to what is at boom crops of 1869 to 1871 combined exceeded
present the largest Eastern rye distillery. The the excessive crops of 1880 to 1882 by over 2,000,-
founder, for many years previous to the erection 000 gallons. Then, too, the over-production of
of his own distillery, bought up through agents 1869 to 1871 was under one year bonded period.
the product of different distilleries, mixed them The largest production in any one year was in
together and redistilled them before placing 3 893—Pennsylvania 9,514,150 and Maryland
them into consumption. The warehouse in 3,082,734 gallons. There have been very few
which this process was practiced still stands crops in recent years smaller than that manu¬
intact at Brownsville. factured in 1897. Legislation has been a very
Baltimore and Philadelphia merchants were important factor in stimulating or depressing
the Monongahela distillers’ best customers. Quite manufacture of whisky in the past thirty-five
a number of distillers themselves used to deal in years. The new conditions created by the in¬
the product of other distillers, and tradition has ternal revenue system brought more of organi¬
it that they were not too squeamish, either, when zing ability into the business. Competition be¬
they had more sale than stock, about mixing it came stronger, and men sought instead of
with spirits or highwines obtained at Cincinnati. waited for business.
Of course, this was prior to the last imposition The circle of consumption widened, the pro¬
of tax ,on whisky. duct improved, and little by little one man’s
In nothing connected with the Eastern rye dis¬ production had preference over that of the other.
tilling business has there been as much change The consumer judged quality by age and brand,
as in the storage of its production. In early the manufacturer anticipated his wants and uni¬
times the effect of good or bad storage was not formity and excellence of production became the
recognized. The most convenient place was con¬ great desideratum.
sidered the best place, T ii e p i o fi e e r ” ffi b r c n an t' Now the more the brand is valued the more
in quest of purchase was just as likely to find the fixed the formula and process becomes, and the
whisky stored in the distillery yard covered with greater the effort to get a standard flavor. Fifteen
boards as in the cellar or barn. The inaugura¬ years ago nearly every Eastern rye distiller pro¬
tion of the internal revenue system in 1862 forced duced two qualities of whisky under different
the adoption of a fixed place for warehousing. brands, one partly made from corn, the other
The loft of the “bull-pen,” in many cases the | from rye alone. At present there are but two
d^lerleHirPennsylvania of over one hundred I world. . . &
The demonstrations in San Francisco
bushels capacity that produce more than one will bo briHinut and imposing. Civil and. ,
military honors will lie paid to the day.
brand. A grand carnival, balls and. other rich
The confinement to one brand and one pro¬ and stirring functions will be held in the j
city itself, and several not less splendid 1
duct is also becoming distinctive of Maryland observances will characterize the oeca- '
distillers. sio.n in other parts of the State.
The celebration will not, however, bo !
More new houses and firms have come into confined to one day, but there will be a 1
existence since 1889 than in any period of the jubilee week-, which if old. badgered, 1
same length in recent times, and in a number poveriy-stricken John Wilson Marshal, j
of cases they come with an equipment and an the discoverer, and his equally unfortu- j
nate pioneer mill owner. John A. Sutter-, !
ambition eiual to the best existing. Competition could but witness they would rub their j
is now sharper than has ever before been experi¬ eyes and look upon it as a dream born
enced in the business,but it will decrease with the of the imagination.
lessening of surplus stock, a better understanding Among other things it is proposed to
of the underlying truths that dictate that trite properly celebrate the great event of
184S by laying the cornerstone of a
saying that “the race is not always to the swift, ” monument designed to perpetuate and
and the realization of the benefits that are further extend the distinction of Cali¬
bound to flow from the increasing favor that, fornia as a State rich in minerals, and
Eastern ryes have found since 1890. _/

Hi
jr From, 4 fF ‘ ’

I
^V/9 f

Millwright Marshall Blazed the Way

to California in 1848.

FIFTY YEARS AGO TO-MORROW

The Greatest Dcpasit of Mineral

Riches of Which History Had

Any Previous Record in , ^

the World.

A BILLION FOUND IN 30 YEARS

'The Great Western Gold El Dorado

Discovered by a Man Who Died

Poor in a County Kospital in

-
San Francisco. Statue of
I Sail Francisco, Cal., Jan. 22.—Cali¬
/7c\ ns/?a//
vJsbCSS” 'lun—
fornia, which since 1848 has produced
1 a billion of gold dollars, will to-morrow to revive some of the earlier memories
‘I celebrate the discovery made by a Swiss | of the Argonauts who poured into Cal¬
millwright which electrified the civilized ifornia in the winter of 1849 and the
spring of IST>0. after the- fame of ihe
latclv discovered gold fields had girdled
the globe. The monument is to be .'om-
Fori ■Sutt?r
posed of as great a variety^ ol minei..
substances produced in the State as pos¬
sible. It is assumed that the ores and
building stohes will be given freely to
the counties, communities and in< mu-
uals, and for the artistic features-of lm
monument a fund has been raised. 1 re
will be also in view the establishment
of a permanent museum of minerals, u< -
signed to show whal: California has ,^lone
in this line, and is liaely to do m tl ■
future. The parade in this city to-m<P
etvrc.will he the finest PSgeant ei u sli..

ITII CALIFORNIA GOLD DISCOVERY.

SOTAIitE SCENES AND PERSONS • CONNECTED W

The great California gold discovery was

“on the'xS/ci&c coast. Prizes are offered j1 like most discoveries of its character,
for the most artistic floats, and efforts purely a matter ol’ chance. Like the
here of “Never Too Late to Mend, John
will be made'to give in it a realistic his¬
tory of the State. All survivors of pio¬ Sutter’s mill hand went out to find a
neer days will, have places in the pro¬ mill site and discovered the source of
an empire's wealth. No doubt gold had
cession, and there will be a liberal repre¬
been found in California long before Mar¬
sentation of cowboys, Mexican vaqueros,
shall went u)i to find a good place at
Indians- and prospectors, not tomen¬
which to build Sutler’s saw mill, and
tion a reproduction of an old emigrant
train, with actual "prairie .schooners” some mines at San Fernando; near K>s
Angeles, were worked in 1S42,. and were
used by the pioneers, and with red In¬ subsequently nbr.ndonod. but the find o>f
dians and other exhibits. Marshal! was the first that can ha called
Of the details of the celebration much a California gold discovery, which opened
Will he told by the telegraph—then un¬ the" rich bowels of the Golden
known in California.! • /• ? State to the grasping greed of the world
% A GltKAT HISTORIC EVENT. The enormously valuable Klondike gold
\ This celebration recalls cine of the most fields, which are perhaps the richest of
s <1 riling as well as the most romantic all that have ever been opened to the
!denli? wf this most remarkable century.
world. having already. witliui Vvhattfid you WSSff'df iiieso things, Jlar-
produced over $100,000,000 in value, snali! “To make scales.” “Rut I have
with only the surface scraped, where scales enough in the apolhecary's shop,”
brought to light by a- fisherman—George sanl Sutter, and he brought a pair.
W. Cormaek—a man.pot in hunt of nug¬ Drawing forth his pouch Marshall
gets but of salmon. 'This was in Sep- emptied the contents iuto his hand, and
temlter, 18!)6. yet, notwithstanding the held it before Sutter's eyes, remarking.
almost inaccessible region and the period, I believe this is gold but the' people
when the Yukon was barred almost at tlm mill laughed at me and called mo
from communication with the world out¬ crazy. Sutter examined the stuff atten-
side for the season, the Klondike treas¬ l.iveiy and finally said: “It certainly looks
ure lands were famous even in the Orient like it; we will fry it.” First aquafortis
in six months. The California discovery was applied, and the substance stood the
did not percolate beyond the Sandwich test. Next three dollars in silver coin
Islands and Iho Sierras for nearly a eras put into one of the scales, and bal¬
year and a half, and it was only until anced by gold dust in the other. Both
the oral of ’+0 that the Argonauts began were then immersed in water, when
to appear beyond the Itocky Mountains down went the dust and up the silver
—such is the difference of fifty years. emu. Finally a volume of the American
encyclopaedia, of which the fort con¬
ARGONAUTS FOUND MORE THAN GOLD. tained a copy, was brought out. and the
The gold in California was not of it¬ article on gold carefully studied, where¬
upon all doubts vanished.
self the most valuable find in that as¬
tonishing Commonwealth. The gold at¬ MARSHALL'S WILD RIDE BACK.
tracted immigration, and the inflowing Marshal! proposed that. Sutter should
population found the climate and the soil return with him to the mill that night,
of the country to be jnst as rich as its but the latter declined, saying that he
gold mines. would he over the next day. It was
As many millions were coined in real now supper time, and still drilling.
rotate as were found in the diggings. Would not the visitor rest himself til!
The ground upon, which the post office .in morning. No.. he must be off imme¬
Ran Francisco now stands was eold-,for diately, and without even waiting to eat
$750 and bought a decade la ton* if or half lie wrapped his sarape about him
a. million. Lick, the man who' loft a motmteii lps horse, and rode off into the
fortune to build the big' telescope.: pur¬ that
chased a bit of ground on Montgomery that SRlFa,$,neSS-,
ujglit 1 hough he knewSl0D‘ littlp
nothing of
avenue for $50, which he sold 30 years t e magnitude of the affair, and did not
afterwards for $1,000,000. But of these fulf\ realize the evils he had presently
details later the history of the gold dis¬ inntmf’ i'eA hp* th.01'e would soon be
covery of the Paeifie coast is full enough (iioph of the fascination abroad to turn
the heads of his men, and to disarrange
of romance land pathos to be told with a
his plans. In a word, with prophetic eve
degree of confidence al this time.
iiliV™, himself, he saw that
THESE MEN OPENED AN EMPIRE. ni^ht the curse of the thing noon him
John A. Rutter was a nmn of enter¬ J,*1 ^morning of the 2ffth of Jan-
prise, and had wandered from Baden, • ,y ,TMtter ha(1 started for the saw
mill. When half way there, or more
Germany, where he had been born in l.o saw an object moving in the bushes
1803, having been a Swiss guardsman,
first to Vancouver then to the Sandwich s,iT£'. is that?” demanded
Sutter ot his attendant. “The man who
Isiands. and finally to “Alta California,’’
JSZ T Vi?" Yesterday.” was the roplv.
where he settled, built a farm house, It was still raining. “Have you been
gathered flocks and herds, got into his S O il I asked Sutter of Mar-
employ skilled workmen, and was pros¬ shaH: for it was indeed he. “No.-
perous. He. however, wanted one thing Marshall said. “I slept at the mill, and
—a saw mill. He had been compelled to came back to meet you.” As they rode
get hie lumber at great labor and ex¬ i1,1!o-1? MarshaH expressed the opinion
pense from the mountains, far distant tiiat the whom country was rich in gold.
from Ills farms. Ho needed fences, lum¬ Armed at the mill, Sutter took up his
ber for his flour mill and for other pur¬ quarters at a house Marshall had lately
poses. So he sent cut his millwright, bulk for himself, a little wav up the
Janies Wilson Marshall,to find a saw-mill mountain and yet not far from the mill.
site. Marshall, who was a native of New During the night the water ran in the '
Jersey, had joined Rutter in 1845. He race, and m the morning it was shut off.
was then 33 years of age. This search A.l present then proceeded down the
for a mill site made a nation rich, fillet^ channel, and jumping into it at various
abruptly requested a private m- pomtj; began to gather gold. With some
terview. The horseman was drip¬ contributions by the men, added to what
ping wot. for it was raining. Won¬ lie himself picked up. Suiter secured
enough lor a ring weighing an ounce and
dering what could have happened, a halt, winch he soon after exhibited
as but the day before he had sent with great pride as a specimen of the
to the mill all that was required, first gold. A private examination by the
Sutter led the way into a private partners up the river disclosed sol’d all
room. “Are you alone?" demand¬ along its course, and in the tributary
ed the visitor. “Yes,” was the ravines and creeks.
reply “Did you lock the door?” Sutter regarded the discovery as a
“No: but I will if you wish it.” misfortune. Without laborers ’his ex¬
“I want two bowls of water,” tensive works must come to a stop, pre¬
said Marshall. Sutter rang the saging ruin. Gladly would lie have shut
• bell and the bowls were brought. the knowledge from the world, for a
“Now I want a stick of red¬ time at least. With the men at the mill
wood and some twine and sheet copper.” the host he could do was to make them
promise to continue their work and sav
 g of the sold sioif
by which time - pov - ,Jyears. . ,
The _jus fact connected with
his flour mill eomplctsL ,_,_ __
affairs so arranged as to enable him to Marsh last years. The miners among
withstand the,result. The men, indeed whom sought to work with a pick
were not yet prepared to relinquish'good deniaiy, . that lie should find new gold
wages for the uncertainty of gold gather¬ fields f| tlicmi “You must find gold for
ed,. 1 us,” ■ exclaimed: “you found if once
NOW, TO SECfRE HIS GREAT FORTUNE. and y must find it again," and it was
If only the land could he secured on sworn to 1by Sut ter'that “they threatened
which this gold was scattered—for prob¬ to: hang Marshal on a tree, moo him.
ably it did not extend far in any direc¬ ete.. unless he would go with< them and
tion—then interloping might be prevent¬ point out new, rich diggings.’
ed;' mining controlled, and the discovery Sutter met almost as bad a fate. He
made profitable. It was worth trying, died almost in want, anj} was at one time
at all events. Mexican grants being no threatened with dreams of the alms-.
longer possible, Sutter began by opening
negotiations with the natives, after the Marshall's secret once out. the world
manner of the English colonists on the began to pour into California. There
other side of Ihe^coritmcnt. Calling a weT no railroads and no other soit of
council of the Calomas and some of roads to the Golden Gate in those years
; their neighbors, the lords aboriginal of but all that then were in the vvest led
i those lands, Hotter and Marshall ob¬ to . California, and crowded caravans
tained from them a three years’ lease crossed the Sierras constantly and
of a tract some ten or twelve miles' thronged packet ships sailed from Eu¬
square, on trifling payments of cheap rope and from the Atlantic coast of
ornaments. America round the Horn to the glittenn:,
Sutter then returned to New Helve¬ shores of the new Eldorado.
tia. and the great discovery was con¬
summated. GENERAL SHERMAN IN AT THE START.
A messenger intrusted with; this por- Among those who found their way s
tentious secret to Colonel It. B. Mason, West—not ns a treasure seeker, but m
then the chief representative of the the line of his duty—was one Lieutenant
United States Government in California, Vv'. T. Sherman, many years afterward j
let the cat out of the bag and prevented to give a good account of himself in ah
Sutter and Mason from reaping the re¬ larger field, and to make that tamo# ',
ward of their great discovery. This man march from “Atlanta to the Sea. trip
was -a mill hand—Charles Bennett—ope his memoirs General Sherman gives some
of Marshall’s associates, who was in¬ most interesting reminiscences of trie
structed to say nothing about the gold davs of ’49—the days of the Argonauts.
find, but assist Marshall to make ar¬ General Sherman was in SanlTaiuusco.k
rangements to-; secure the sawmill and when the messenger, Bennett, armed
the land about with “mineral rights’’ with his specimens, and had the famous
from the Government. But Bennett interview with Colonel (anerward Gover
could not keep the enormous importance nor) Mason, when the petition of Sutter
of his errand to himself. _ He met some and Marshall.asking for land and mineral
prospectors who had an idea of finding grants of the saw mill, were presented.
l-oal, arid during their talk exclaimed: ' General Sherman, who arranged this in¬
“Oh. I have something here better than terview, says that there was another man
coal.” exhibiting his specimens. He with Bennett at the time, who displayed
showed them to others, and so tile mut¬ about half an ounce of placer gold.
ter got abroad. Bennett and Marshall General ’Sherman notes that upon the
found Colonel Mason at Monterey, who arrival of his ship at San Francisco the
when the messenger exhibited the goal crews promptly descried and nu.ee
refused to make any promises as to a straight for the gold fields. Everybody
grant of lamb gambled and gold dust soon became the
I he upshot was that gold seekers be¬ current coin” of the day. His pay was.
gan to pour in about Caloraa and the $70 a month, but servants received as
sawmill from San Francisco and high as $300. General Shermans ac¬
Monterey, and Sutter had finally to count of the interview between Bennett
abandon most of his industrial en¬ and Mason is interesting.
terprises. The stories of those days SHERMAN SAW THE FIRST GOLD.
would fill volumes, and it only re¬
mains to chronicle the fate of the The General, in hie account of the af¬
two luckless men who found the fair, says: ... . „
treasure but did not profit by it. "X remember one day, in the spring of
Sutter's sawmill did not prosper, 1S48, that two men, Americans, came
been rise the gold fever had ab¬ into the office and inquired for the Go\-
sorbed all of the labor, and no ernor. I asked their business, and one
hands could be gotten to do work 1 answered that they had just come doun
other than gold hunting. Neither 1 from Captain Sutter on business,and they
he nor Marshall succeeded in do¬ wanted to see Governor Mason in person.
ing much at mining, and so they j I took them in to the Colonel and left
went from bad to_ worse. them together. After some time the
Colonel came to the door and called me. I
Marshal was driven away from Caloma went in, and my attention was directed
by tlie fights, between the Indians aud to a series of papers unfolded on Ins
the inrushing gold seekers. When he tabic, in which lay about halt an ounce
returned several years afterward he was of placer gold. Mason said to me, Vi.hat
bankrupt. He did all sorts of things for is that?’ I touched it it and
and examined
examined
eight years, and in 1S5T returned to his irger pieces, and]
olct home .and made a living by sawing one or two of the Hr
asked': ’’Is .it gold?' Mason asked m /
.wood, making gardens and cleaning wells.
Subsequently lie ..received a. small pen-

1
 Jfv' , . ilHjpi1" try. ~TFcy bad stopped on their why
! if 1 had ever seen uatTve" golfT 1 an- from Namoo to Halt Bake in California,
! swered f-thrtt, in 1844, I was ia upper and some of them remained some time.
Georgidj ami there saw some' native They had a camp at Mormon Island and
gold, but it was much finer than this, worked the placer gold with success. At
and that it was in phials, or in transpar¬ •this time the average yield of gold for
ent quills; but I said'that, if this were Teach man engaged was far greater than
gold, it could be easily tested, first, by its .in any subsequent year, yet the tbols wore r
J malleability, and next by.acids. I took a primitive,as they w.ere a year ago in the
piece in my teeth, and the metallic lustre Klondike, being merely a. pan, a rocker
I vras perfect. I then called to the clerk, and a knife. The latter was used only
Baden, to bring an ax and hatchet from in crevi'eing; that is, to pick out nug¬
the back yard. When these were brought gets from the cracks of the rocks, or oc¬
I took the largest piece and beat it out casionally in dry diggings rich in coarse j
flat, and beyond doubt it was metal, gold. But the returns were large be¬
and a pure metal. Still, we attached cause there were few to share the gains,
little importance to the fact, for gold and those few had the choice ol’ the
was known to exist at San Fernando, at best placers.. Til this way in
• the South, and yet was not considered the fall of 1848 and the winter
j of much value. of IS4!) there were gathered by a popu¬
4 . “Colonel Mason then handed me a let- lation of 8000 or 10,000 gold to the value
| ter from Captain Sutter, addressed to of $10,000,000, an average of $1000 and
; him, stating that he (Sutler) was en¬ more to each man for the season. Tlie
gaged in erecting a saw mill at Coloma, Klondike has, however, done better than
about forty miles up the American i this. “Some men. made $100 a day for
Fork, above his fort at New Helvetia, - j a week at a time,” exclaims Mr. Ban¬
for the general benefit of the settlers in croft in amazement. He wrote before
that vicinity; that lie had incurred con¬ the Alaska fields were found.
siderable expense, and wanted a ‘pre¬ THE DIGGINGS IN 18-4S.
emption’ to the quarter-section of land General Sherman’s recollections of
on which the mill was located, embracing ' these days and their incidents are deeply
the tail-race, in which this particular gold interesting, as the reflections of a closely-
had been found. Mason instructed me ! observing eye-witness.
to prepare a letter, in answer, for his I “1 recall,” be says, “the- scene per¬
j signature. I wrote off a letter, reciting fectly. In tlie midst, of a broken
i that California was yet a Mexican prov- ! country, all parched and dried by the
! ince, simply held by e.s as a conquest; hot sun of July, sparsely wooded with
' that no la w of the United States yet an¬ live oaks and straggling' pines, lay the
il plied to it. much less the land laws or valley of the American River, with its
j pre-emption laws, which could only apply I hold mountain stream coming out of the
after a public survey. Therefore it was Snowy Mountains to the cast. In this
impossible for the Governor to promise valley is a flat, or gravel-bed of the
him (Sutter) a title to the land; yet, as river. On its edges men were digging
there were no settlements within forty and filling buckets with the finer earth
miles, he was not likely to he disturbed and gravel, which was carried to a ma¬
by trespassers. Colonel Mason signed chine made like a baby's cradle, open
the letter, handed .it to one of the gen¬ at the foot, and at the head a plate of
tlemen who had brought the sample of sheet-iron or zinc, punctured full of holes.
gold, anl they departed. That gold was On this metallic- plate was emptied the
I the first discovered in the Sierra Ne- earth, and water was then poured on it
vad.a, which soon revolutionized the from buckets, while ' one man shook
whole country,’and actually moved the the cradle with violent racking by a
whole civilized world.” handle. On the bottom were nailed
The young lieutenant naturally caught j cleats of wood. With this rude. ma-
the gold fever. He says that in the j chine four men could earn from forty
spring and summer of 18-18 everybody to one hundred dollars a day,, averaging
was talking gold. ’ $10, 'or a gold ounce, per man per day.”
A DESCRIPTION OF SUTTER’S FORT. One of General Sherman’s most inter- |
In .Tune he paid' an official visit to esting observations is that half the city
Sutter’s’ place, which be thus describes. of San Francisco in front of Montgomery
I It was known as Fort Sutter and the en- street is built upon the bulks of ships
] trance was by a large gate, open by which were deserted by their captains
day and closed at night, with two iron and crews upon their arrival in 1848-1),
ship’s guns near at hand. Inside there and left to rot there. All went gold
was a large house, with a good shingle crazy.
roof, used as a storehouse, and all around THE FIRST OFFICIAL NEWS.
the walls were ranged rooms, the fort:
wall being the outer wall of the house. Lieutenant Loesn, of the United States
The inner wall was of adobe. These Army, was the man who first presented
rooms were used by Captain Sutter to the Government at Washington the
himself and by his people. He had a fact of the great gold find of 1848. He
blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, etc., was detailed to take an oyster can full
and other rooms where the women made of the “dust” or commercial gold current
blankets. Sutter was a monarch of all in California that year. He reached
he surveyed, and had authority to in¬ New Orleans in October, and telegraphed
flict punishment even unto death, a pow¬ the information to the President, but
er he did not fail to use. He had horses, did not arrive with his specimens at
cattle and sheep, and of these he gave Washington until the Executive had sent
liberally and without price to all in in his annual message to Congress. How¬
need. Tic caused to be driven into our ever, the President made it the subject
camp a beef and some sheep, which were of a special message and thus became
slaughtered for our use,'. Already the “official” what had only reached the
gold mines were beginning to be felt. world before vaguely, and then began
THE MORMONS, SPREAD THE NEWS. the first great gold immigration to the
As is generally known it was the "• ‘ '
Mormons who first spread the news of
the gold find in California over the coun¬
 tut' voyagers of_frgon
the argonauts wvfh any but his kindly j

The history of these early a-nd*hardy|

adventurers 'lnubheep too often told to;
need repetition now. The jdiscotery in the town, and when he died he was
late years of the great bonanza mines honored with the most pretentious
at the North, and of the fabulous for¬ funeral ever held in Lititz during its ex¬
tunes- made ■ by the men who located istence of 141'years. A few of his md
there, or were allowed to*)profit by then- [J cronies are still living. They knew the
discoveries of the decline .of interest m fitory of tlie claim by heart, and they
California gold seeking incident upon condemned Congress more severely than
the glittering results of gold seeking m the old General ever did. Before them
the Klondike is' known to every newspa¬ he never showed the bitterness of rns con¬
per reader in the World.. tinued disappointments, but when the tel¬
It is not an uninteresting fao. to note egraphic news reached them that Geneiai
that the first authentic reports of the Sutter had died in. Washington after
great find were printed'in September Congress adjourned m .Tunc, 1880. tnoj
184S in the New York Herald and all agreed that he had died of a broken
the Baltimore Bun. the first . to create heart and they believe it yet.
general attention being an article m /the [ SCENES AT SUTTEE’S KUNERAL.
Sun of September 20. This was just The funeral was held in Lititz, in
previous to Lieutenant Lorsers report t. the old Moravian Church, built more ;
to the President and some months before i than 100 years ago. Rev. Charles Nagle, -
the official account of the discovery and now nastor of the First Moravian
its extent and importance had been laid Church of Philadelphia, preached the
before Congress. sermon, and among the mourners, were ,
50 or more of his fellow-pioneers, in the I
West, including General John C.. l<ro-
mont and General TI. T .Gibson. Gen¬
eral Fremont spoke forcibly of his com¬
rade's services to his country and the
1 disasters and ingratitude that darkened
the last years of his life, and General
The Employer of Marshal! Dies in Gibson expressed what is now the pop- :
ular verdict when he said: . |
“The Government, in return tor ms -
Lititz, Pa. services to the Republic, left General j
Sutter poor and needy, crushed and i
' • broken-hearted. Through him, more than |
PATHETIC END OF HIS CAREER anvone else, the Golden State became !
what it is, but it touched not the heart
of the nation. Old age found him shorn
He Comes East to Obtain Recog¬ of the wealth and ease he deserved.
God grant there is a realm waiting tor
nition From Congress, blit him amid the crowns of glory.
The particular custom of tno Mo¬
Fails anti Falls
ravians that General Sutter most ad¬
of Despair. mired was the method of burying their
dead, the bodies of the rich lying side
bv side with the poor, and only a sim¬
After his misfortunes in California, ple gravestone laid fiat on top ot the
John A. Sutter, on whose ranch in that grave to tell whose remains were be¬
State Marshall discovered gold, caipe neath. So his sympathetic neighbors
East, and made application to Congress made an exception in his case, and bur¬
for claims to the gold discovery' in Cali¬ ied his body in the inclosure reserved
fornia. He finally' settled in Lititz, Lan¬ for the Church. Six months later his
caster County, Pa., where he died in wife followed him. and, at her last re¬
1S81, four years- before the death of Mar¬ quest, they were buried together in a
shall. vault by themselves, in the southwest
corner of the burial-ground.
WHY HE SETTLED IN PENNSYLVANIA. THE SLAB THAT MARKS SUTTER’S GRAVE.
A curious combination of circum¬
1 His son Emil came from San Pran-
stances led General Sutter to make •iseo to attend the funerals, and he had
his home in quiet Lititz. His sou, John a granite
^ i auuv coping placed
cup:i *'"- — around the lit-
---
A, Sutter, Jr,, had been for many years tie lot, and a large fiat stone covers
United States Consul at Acapulco, Mex¬ the vault. An eagle and a shield, the
ico, and he married a Mexican woman. Sutter coat-of-anns, is cut on the stone,
The old General did not approve of his and underneath is this simple inscrip¬
grandchildren’s surroundings, and he tion:
brought the two girls to Bethlehem to
be educated. The school did not suit
him, so he next tried Linden Hall, the Gea’l John A. Sutter.
old Moravian seminary, at Lititz. The
peaceful life of the place appealed strong¬ Born Feb. 28th, 1803,
ly to the rugged Californian, worn with
years of hardship and buffeted by mis¬ At Kandern. Baden.
fortune. The waters of the Lititz spring Died June 18th. 1880.
seemed to help his rheumatism, and, af¬
ter spending, a summer at the hotel, he At Washington, D. C.
adopted the place for his home and built
a roomy house for himself and wife. Eequiescat in Paeem.
This was in 1871, and his home was
there until he died, on June 18, 1880. Anna Sutter,- nee Dubeld,
Originally a Lutheran, General Sutter
Born Sept. 15th, 1805, ■t
in his later years maintained no eoiinec- ,wc
In Switzerland,

Died Jan. 10th, 1881,

i .am
-
At Utitz,
 'Ctlife

GRAVE OF SUTTER IN THE

receive it any longer. This occurred a

If General Sutter’s life was rough and short time before he died, and after the
strong liis body’s last resting place is funeral expenses of himself and wife
quiet and peaceful beyond belief. Age were paid only the house remained of all
has lent its solemn touch to everything his former estates. This was sold for
about the burial ground. Rows of cedars $5000 and divided among his children.
more than a century old ' wave their SUTTER’S STRICT ACCOUNTS.
branches above the graves and the regu¬ The same strict honesty was preserved
lar rows of simply constructed mounds in his claim against the Government,
typifying the common end of the rich and j-ti,el.bnly asked $100,000, on the* basis
I poor, the fortunate and unfortunate, is of. $1 an acre, for his land, and people j
j far more impressive than the beauty of said if he had made the claim larger
modern cemeteries. No grave directly and let it out to a lawyer on a percent¬
adjoins the Sutters’, but across the path age, it would have been settled years
lies that of a child buried in 1758, the before he. died. Although the sum was
! first of the Moravian colony to succumb not a princely fortune, General Sutter
to death. Around the ground is a white¬ used to tell his friends as they sat in
washed paling face, and a lane lined with his parlor that he intended to erect a
maples leads from it across a bridge of public building—possibly a library—and
rocks to the church. The Moravians al¬ present it to the town when bis claim
ways select the highest available ground was settled. A capacious wine cellar
for the burial places, and General Sut¬ was built in the house, a wide, two-story
ter’s grave looks out on a peaceful prick building, with a gable roof, and
stretch of farm land dotted with said in it the General kept a fine stock of
old-fashioned houses. No disappoint¬ California wines. The house stands op¬
ments can ever disturb his serenity now. posite the Lititss Springs Hotel, and has
THOSE WHO REMAIN. i lately been remodeled to accommodate
Of the men in Litifa who knew a hardware store. Whenever a man or
Sutter intimately, 1 who visited' his woman called there, even if he were a
house, drank his wines and listened to tramp. General Sutter always took off
his stories, there now remain but three— his hat and politely ushered them in.
Haydn H. Tshudy, Captain John R. The poor were always welcome, so wel¬
Bricker and Dr. J. H. Shenk. Of these come that the open-handed pioneer was
nerhaps Mr. Tshudy knew him best, and often imposed upon.
he can tell many interesting stories about REMINISCENCES OF SUTTER.
' the General’s life and ways. Rheuma¬
His old cronies still recall an instance
tism bothered him greatly. He always
j of years ago when a tramp, who claimed
walked with a cane and never went far.
He seldom if ever called at his neighbors’ i to hail from Switzerland, near the Gen¬
eral's birthplace, called to see him, and
houses, for in addition to his own diffi¬
culty in getting about, his wife was a was fitted out with a new suit of clothes.
great home-body, but he delighted to en¬ The next day the clothes were sold and
tertain at his own home. Mr. Tshudy the stranger disappeared, but General
says that the popular impression that Sutter was not in the least ruffled, and
was as ready todielp the next one who
General Sutter was absolutely poverty-
stricken is incorrect. He had paid $30,- came. He allowed nothing to disturb
000 in taxes on the lands the squatters his affability, and was a tine example of
, took from him to the State of California, a gentleman of the old schools Regu¬
and when his 100,000 acres were taken larly every morning he arose at 4 o’clock,
from him the State granted him a pen¬ and, if he had no visitors, he retired at
sion of $3000 a year. This served to 8 o’clock in the evening. All day long
amply supply the wants of himself and he read papers, magazines and his library
wife, and from it he saved $8000 to pay books. He spoke live languages fluently,
for the house he occupied; but his ideas English, French. German, Spanish aiid
of right and wrong were so strict that Italian, pud was the most entertaining
| when he had received the pension for conversationalist tly town of Lititz ever
j ten years and thus made up the $30,000 boasted among its / itizens. His stories
' paid by him to the State, he refused to are still retailed a/ mg the inhabitants.
 w
and pet-Ii'a# the nV&r’pimlnr one was
concerning his treatment of the Indians
when he was proprietor of hia 100,000
acres,.
REPRODUCTION OF THE-NOTE
DISAPPOINTMENTS AT"WASHINGTON.
Sometimes Sutter confided to his [Whitten for the dispatch.]
friends his difficulties in Washing¬
The soldiers of the Revolutionary war
ton. They all knew how Con¬
gressman Randall, of1 Philadelphia, had little reward hut the satisfaction of
helped him, and they were familiar with knowing they did their patriotic duty.
what was, perhaps, of all his disappoint¬
ments, the hardest to bear. The claim They were paid, it is true, for their s®rvi ;
had been passed by the C'mnuttee and ice in the Continental army, hut, alas_
the House, and was in the Senate on its the Continental currency was soon found
final passage. The Senators were fa¬ to be worthless. Accompanying this ,
vorable, but one Senator, who was m
his cups, insisted on delivering a long sketch is la. renroductifln_fll_fiB«..Pf. ttie ’
■bills with which thoseTToble soldiers were
harangue in favor of General butter
and his claim. He talked so long that paid. They are very rare now. They
the Senate grew weary and adjourned, were common enough in the early days
and the bill was not reached again that of the Republic—so common and so
session. The General firmly holier ed worthless that few of theirs were even
that his claim would have been passed
had it not been for that unfortunate preserved as mementos.
speech. The note herewith .produced is the prop¬
There remains in Lititz just one rone erty of W. H. Morrow, of Manor, editor
of General Sutter and his pioneer days. of the Irwin Standard. He came into
This is a silver spoon presented by him possession of it 20 or more years ago
to. Mr. Tshudy. It is not like the souve¬ from John Walthour, a grandson of the
nir spoons of a lady’s boudoir. It was patriot to whom it was paid, as a part
hammered out of a silver nugget, and ;
of his compensation for seven years of
looks more like a clam shell than a
spoon. A ring is attached to it. from service in the Continental army. It had
which it dangled from General Sutter’s been handed down from father to son
belt when he made, his way across the as an heirloom, being carefully preserved
plains1 in 1838. Only three de¬ by each generation. They had no thought
scendants of Sutter are now liv¬ that It might ever become more valuable
ing, a grandson in New York, than its face at the time it^was issued.
one in San Francisco and a granddaugh¬ Touching- Story Is Toltl.
ter in Acapulco. His son, Emil, was., An interesting and pathetic story has
found dead in bed in his hotel at Brussels come down along with the note. The orig¬
the morning he intended to sail for inal owner was Philip Walthour, one of |
America, and his youngest son lost 111* five sons of an old gentleman who lived
life on a filibustering expedition to Nica- ! near Norristown, in this State. When the !
cagua. young man proposed joining the army his
project was strongly opposed by both
j parents and his brothers, and there was a
lively family quarrel before he went. Ho
enlisted and served for seven years in
some of the hardest campaigns. On ac¬
From, . count of the trouble before he started he
never wrote to his people during all that
time. They naturally soon forgave him
and discussed his virtues in the family
circle. Then they came *to believe that,
because they heard nothing- from him, he
must be dead, and the mother’s loving
heart was wrung with grief just as
Date,.. though her boy had never disobeyed her.
“One beautiful Sunday morning,” nar¬
rates Grandson John, “when the family
<
was seated at the breakfast table, they
heard someone coming- down the lane
that led from the highway to the farm¬
house, whistling merrily and loudly, ‘The
White Cockade.’ The old gentleman had ]
just done blessing the food, and the j
worldly wise annoyed him. He remarked, ,
indignantly, ‘Whoever can that be whis- ■
tllr.g on the Sabhath day?’ So much was j
their curiosity aroused that the whole j
family arose from the table and went to
A Pennsylvanian Is the Proud see.
“What they saw was a man clad in a
Possessor of an Ancient tattered Continental army uniform, ap¬
FortV'Dollar Bill. proaching the house. At first none rec¬
ognized him, but while they gazed in
wonder and astonishment thq aged
mother suddenly shrieked: “Ach, du
IT THUS A VERY TOUCHING STORY. lieber Gott! es ist unser Philip’ (Oh,
thou loving God! it is our Philip); and
fell in a swoon. The intuition of the
Return of a Runaway Son Who Bat¬
tled Valiantly for the Conti-
 in Philadelphia, of the
Tgam■ —r . p* , Robert Morris. Only
hope whisp&red to her heart that ha jllustr r Revolution had been
would yet come that way. Cu^rS a successful close, largely
A Happy Reunion, brought financial clear-headedness,
through th f and enormous
“Philip rushed forward at sound of the
ingenuity of ™ o{ whom it has
mother's voice, and soon had the pros¬
trate form gathered in his strong arms,
while the other members of the family
gathered around. When the mother was
fc
energy of ^ him Washlng-
^rdtould'have nestled in its J
restored to consciousness there wrere gen¬
eral congratulations. The father forgot S Hewas the financier of the Revolution
his indignant protest against the violation as John Dickinson was its penman and
of the Sabbath day, and the reunited Beniamin Franklin its diplomat, Tet,
family sat down to table again, almost Se their services and those of many
too happy over the prodigal’s return to other promoters of ependence in the
eat. Not so the soldier. He ate with a
will, as though to compensate for months ruT “ ZZoZT^Z Zm,ry
of short rations in his country's service.” by those OL o£ SWOrds ob-
Philip had brought with him $3(10 111 personage,. ^ vlsion. But time is
Continental currency, of which the forty- scured the,»»»£ R was not long be-.
the great
f°re ieve ofgtheethoughg
the labors thoughtful
^ show-
^
dollar bill herewith' reproduced was a
part, and felt that he had quite a for¬
ed to the ma> “ f the unfortunate'
tune. He put it carefully away, but ere
long discovered that it was almost worth¬
less. At his death iihe hills he had kept
as mementos went to his son, Alexan¬
der, and the latter divided them among
his children. This one was among those
given to John, who, in turn, distributed *
3^«a£«r.s I
liCTo^ay (whether influenced or not by
them among his friends just prior to the arrival of the centenary of his in- , ■
his death. It. is probable that this is tne ai immaterial), at I
the only one thatj has been preserved, S Wo powerful projects have been I
as most of the holders had less appre¬ plaid on foot to rear monuments J
ciation of their historic value than NX 1. • worthy of the memory of the great P
Morrow. It is a worthy candidate foi triot financier. And at the same time his
some collector’s cabinet. name is revived in a very different way
-by the movement of his heirs toward
o Gigantic suit against the United
States for $7,000,000, said to be the
amount he advanced the Government
with the aggregate of interest for 100

From, .. years.

s.™ «r„ ■;;;

^Robert Morris was born in Liverpool,
“»»»'. 3i,
Kng., January
tween that date and 1740 his father (of
-

the same name), a nail maker, said

have a genius for general business,settled
in Oxford, Talbot County, on the East¬
ern shore of Maryland, where he became
Datef3kky .2.^^ ( tyj a factor in the tobacco trade of one Can-
liffe Foster, of England. Having made
arrangements to remain permanently in
this..country, he sent for his, son Kob-J

Just a hundred years ago—on the 16th j

' February, 179S—occurred the imprison-J
 — .. m "much ease and dignity and grace. i
ert. then a lad, who, soon after his 'ar¬
rival, was placed under the instruction News from Lexington Makes a Stir.
of a teacher by the name of Annan, who The news of the battle of Lexington
was-said to bo then the only teacher in reached Robert Morris and his friends j
Philadelphia. in Philadelphia four days after its occur¬
In due time he entered the counting rence, while they were assembled at the
house of Charles Willing, then one of the usual festival on the anniversary of St.
most prominent merchants in Philadel¬ Ge-orge’s Day, on which occasion the
phia. While he was a clerk in that house warmest feeling for England, which ex¬
his father’s life was suddenly termlnat isted there was naturally elicited, and
ed by a wound inflicted on his shoulder under the influence of Port and Madeira
by the wad of a gun, which had been the reconciliation party were, it is said,
fired for the parting salute of a mer¬ rapidly gaining the ascendency. But
chantman. when authoritative intelligence came
Robert Morris, having evinced a high that the blood of American patriots had
j degree of zeal, assiduity, ability and in- been shed on that first battlefield of the
I tegrity- while in the house of Charles Revolution, its effect was magical and
Willing, he became a partner of his em¬ widespread, like the firing of the first
ployer’s son, Thomas Willing, in 1754. gun upon Sumter. Those festive tables
The copartnership, thus formed, con- were deserted, and the seats were
tluued thirty-nine years, or until 1793. overthrown. Morris and some of his
Their’s became the most prominent and friends taried amid the chaos into which
extensive importing house in the col¬ that festive occasion had thus been
onies. Although their trade with the changed, to devote themselves anew to
mother country was extensive and pro¬ the American cause, and uttered, it is
fitable they—Morris the more conspicu¬ said, a formal farewell to their once
ously—firmly adhered to the cause of patron saint.
the colonists from the outstart of the The Committee of Safety for the Pro¬
differences between them and the Brit¬ vince was organized in June, 1775.
ish Government. Franklin was appointed President, and
Morris was endowed with a high de¬ Morris Vice-President, which position
gree of frankness, manliness and gener¬ he filled until that committee was dis- |
osity, which, with his clear, sound judg¬ eolved !:i July, 1776. Morris’s first en- !
ment, strength of mind, varied and thor¬ trance into so public a service as that I
ough knowledge of commercial, financial of legislator was as a delegate to the
and other national affairs, hi3 rapidly Second Continental Congress, which
accumulating wealth, his social position convened in Philadelphia, May 10, 1775.
and the high confidence reposed in his He was appointed soon after taking his
ability and integrity gave him an in¬ seat chairman of the Secret Committee,
fluence which was as beneficently exer¬ j which had been organized a month or
cised against the encroachments and two before, for the purpose of contract-
1 oppressive measures of the home Gov- I ing for and effecting the importation of
! ernment as it was powerful. | arms and ammunition. He was later
When the Royal Charlotte arrived in
appointed a member of the committee
October, 1755, bringing the odious stamp¬ to devise ways and means to furnish a
ed paper, ordered to be used by the naval armament, and afterward a mem¬
colonists, a public meeting was held at ber of the Naval Committee.
the State House, by which a committee
was appointed to demand of John Morris Opposed tile Beclaration.
Hughes, the stamp distributor that he It may seem strange that one who so
should resign his office. Morris and fully enjoyed the entire confidence of his
James Tilghman, according to Hughes’ compatriots and who was as truly a
letters, were the spokesmen when he patriot, as heartily devoted as any of
was interviewed by that committee. them to the best interests of the Colo¬
Though his house suffered a great and nists, and as hostile as any of them
direct Joss of trade, as he foresaw it to the exacting, encroaching and op-
would, he unhesitatingly signed the of the English G-overn-
non-importation resolutions and agree¬ ment should oppose as he did, tire
ment of the merchants of Philadelphia adoption of the Declaration of Independ-
later in the last mentioned year. The thfr«T’-StUl)b°rm faCt iS> that When
Assembly of Pennsylvania appointed the resolution, offered by Richard Henry
him in January, 17S6, one of the first Lee, June 7, in favor of that Declara-
wardens of the port of Philadelphia, ,come to a final vote, July 2, Robert
Engrossed as he must have been with Moms, John Dickenson, Thomas Wil¬
' the extensive business of his house and ling and Charles Humphreys voted
the affairs of State he was not insensible against it! When it was submitted for
i to female charms, for on March 2, 1769, approval Morris and Dickenson were
be was married to Mary, daughter of absent. The opposition of Morris to Its
Colonel Thomas and Esther Heulings ad°pttIo£ was a matter of special com-
White, of Philadelphia. and_.sister of ment. General Gates inquired of John
Bishop White, to whom Colonel Ship- Morris8’ A^hat do1you think of Robert
pen, in his “Lines Written In an Assem¬ a rnl Jv ^dan^ replied, “I think he has
bly Room,” paid this tribute:— a masterly understanding, an open
temper, and an honest heart, and if he
“In lovely White’s most pleasing form. I thhfi?* always vote for what you and
What various graces meet!
How blest with every striking charm!
a inr™ h r°per’ Jt is because he thinks
not wt n°fd£-0f people remains who are
How languidly sweet!” W III °Lhl! mind- Ttoat «uery was '
Gate« d; 6,
Gates, April e0r1776:—
Morrls had written to
She was in her 20th year at the time
of her marriage, well educated and prop- . w.e should he on a certainty
erly trained in womanly accomplish¬ ties of Am^vtiVeIy whether the lffier-
ments, and she filled the exalted position Secureri ca S?:n be established and
in which she was afterward placed with ecured b> leconciliation, or whether we

I
 with hli public duties and privat
.otally renounce connection wart ness. He and'Elbridge Gerry
•lected tf confer, confidentially of co
Great Britain ancl light our way to a
total independence. Whilst we continue 4 with Washington, respecting the
means t;o provide for the army.
thus firmly, united amongst ourselves
■there is no doubt but either of these Bank oi Pennsylvania—Finanoier of the |
points may be carried, but it seems to
me we shallf quarrel about which of these 1 I®". War.
roads is best to pursue, unless the com¬ He was elected to Congress for the
missioners Appear .soon and lead us into fourth time, December 13, 1777; on July
the first path; therefore, I wish them to 9, following, he headed the Pennsylvania
come, dreading nothing so much as even delegation in signing the “articles of
an appearance of division among our¬
selves.” Confederation and Perpetual Union Be¬
Hisi reason for his seeming inconsist¬ tween the States,” and in August he
ency in this, momentous question is given was appointed a member of the Com¬
by himself in his letters to Joseph Reed mittee of Finance. He organized the
and General Gates. To the former he Bank of Pennsylvania in the Spring of
wrote, July 20, 1776:— 1780, “to supply the army with provi¬
“I have uniformly voted against and sions for two months,” to the stock of
opposed tlie Declaration of Independence which he subscribed £10,000. When the
because, in my poor opinion, it was an Executive Departments of the Govern¬
improper time and will neither promote ment were organized early in 1781, “there
the interest nor redound to the honor of was,” says Sparks, “but one opinion in
America, for it has caused division when Congress and the notion as to the proper t-
we wanted union, and will be ascribed to person for taking charge of the finances,
very different principles than those which then in a dilapidated and most deplor¬
ought to give rise to such an important able condition. . The public sentiment
measure. I did expect my conduct on everywhere pointed to Robert Morris,
this great question would have procured whose great experience and success as a
my dismission from the Great Council, merchant, his ardor in the cause of
but find myself disappointed, for the American liberty, his firmness of char¬
convention has thought proper to re¬ acter, fertility of mental resources, and i
turn me in the new delegation, and al¬ profound knowledge of pecuniary opera¬
though my interest and my inclination tions qualified him in a degree far be¬
prompt me to decline the service, yet I yond any other person for this arduous
cannot depart from one point which and responsible station.” He was unani¬
first induced me to enter the public line. mously elected superintendent of finance
I mean an opinion that it is the duty of February 20, being then a member of
every individual to act his part in what¬ the Assembly of Pennsylvania. Samuel
ever station his country may call him Huntington, then president of Congress,
to in hours of difficulty, danger and dis¬ in his letter of the next day, informing
tress. 'Whilst I think this a duty, I must him of his election, wrote: “It is hoped
submit, although the Councils of Amer¬ that this important call of your country
ica have taken a different course from will be received by you sir, as irresisti¬
my judgment and wishes. ble.” On the 14th of May, after Con¬
Such was the animus of his opposition gress by various resolutions had assented
to the Declaration of Independence, to certain stipulations, which he required
which, nevertheless, he signed when in as conditions precedent to his complying
its engrossed form it was laid on the with their wish, he accepted the office.
table to be signed August 2, 1776. No one Soon after he submitted to Congress
probably .rejoiced more heartily than “a nlan for establishing a national bank
.
himself that his judgment respecting it for the United States.” The bank of
was overruled by the logic of subsequent North America, projected by him. was
events. He was the only one of the incorporated December 31, 1781, one re¬
members who voted against the Declara¬ sult of which was “the sudden restora¬
tion of Independence who was re-elected tion of public and private credit.” It is
July 20, 1776, as a delegate to Congress. related that General Greene called on
the great financier after the close of
He Supplied the “Sinews” of War. one of his campaigns, and in narrating
On the advance of Cornwallis to Phila¬ the difficulties which he had encountered,
said:—
delphia in December, 1776, Congress re¬ “I am not superstitious, Mr. Morris,
moved to Baltimore, but left Robert Mor¬ and yet I cannot help believing that on
ris, George Clymer and George Walton
a committee, with full power to transact
h two separate occasions there was a spe¬
cial interposition of Providence in my
whatever .public business might be neces¬ favor, and which prevented the disband¬
sary. Washington, from the vicinity of ing of my army. I had, on more than
Trenton, soon after applied to Morris for one occasion. surmounted difficulties
a certain sum of specie, stating that if which at first appeared impossible to
the amount mentioned were not imme¬ overcome, but at length, while seated in
diately furnished he would not be able my tent, overwhelmed by the gloomy
to keep the army together, the result of apprehensions of a fate which seemed
which he would not predict. The great inevitable, I was visited by a gentleman
financier was sorely perplexed, for he had whom I had occasionally seen about the
exhausted all his own means in the camp, but who had never particularly at¬
loans which he had already made to tracted my notice.
Congress. Having left his 'office in a “ ‘You appear, General.’ said the visitor,
despairing mood, he met. a wealthy i ‘to be in much distress; under the im¬
Quaker, one of his steadfast friends. The pression that it may arise from the
latter having inquired the news, Morris want of money, I have ventured to ap¬
replied :— proach you, to tender to yoy offers for
"The most important news is that I re¬ your relief. I have now in my pos¬
quire a certain sum in specie, and that session thirty thousand pounds, which is
■
you must let me have it.” Morris con¬ at your command, and for which I will
tinued: “Your security is to be my note take your draft on the financier.’ Half
and my honor.” | astonished, I accepted his proffered,
The Quaker replied: “Robert, thou unexpected relief, when he left the camp,
shalt have it. and I saw no more of him until a subse¬
Morris, was elected March 10,1777, a third quent occasion, when I was placed in
time to Congress. The Secret Committee the same painful dilemma. He again
was soon after superseded by the Com¬ called upon me, furnished me with the
mittee of Commerce of which he was required funds, and took my drafts, and
appointed a member. He was tendered I never saw him again. Why do you
the position of president of Congress on smile, Mr. Morris?" he queried, as he
the retirement of John Hancock, on ac¬ closed his, narrative.
count of failing health, which he declined “Did you never suspect,” asked Mor-
because he thought it would interfere
 • *

, "who sent this person to you, “aWa 'i n«or the purpose of securing, if possible, i
employed him to watch your mo¬ a renewal of the bank charter. He was I
tions?’’ elected In 178(1. That purpose, though
“No,” replied the General. ■ failing at first, was ultimately accom-
Again asked Morris: “Did it never oc¬ plished in the Legislature of 1787.
cur to you that he was employed by He was among the first to engage af- '
me?” ter the close of the war in the East In¬
“By you. sir! And did you distrust dia and China trade, and sent out the 1
me?” first American vessel that entered the
Morris replied: “My confidence in you port of Canton, namely, the Empress of
was greater than in almost any human China, which left New York in the
bein'" I knew that your mental re¬ Spring of 1784. He dispatched the Alli¬
sources were such that you could sur¬ ance, with ten 12-pounders and G5 men
mount difficulties and extricate yourself June 20, 1787, from the Delaware, which
from embarrassments under which any arrived safely December 22 at Canton.
other man would sink; but I knew at Morris was a constant advocate of “a
the same time that if this money were firm, wise, manly system of federal
left at your disposal you would use it government,” a stronger, more efficient i
before the time of your greatest and one than the old confederation. He was I
most indispensable necessity arrived; chosen In 1786 a delegate to the conven- j
’ -therefore, being limited in the sum of tion, which met in Philadelphia May 25, i
money appropriated to your army, and 1787, for framing the Constitution of the
sorely pressed myself on every' hand, United States. He proposed Washington |
I found it incumbent upon me to pro¬ as its President, and made him his guest
vide for its being advanced to you only during all the time it was in session.
when it became impossible for you to Morris in that convention favored the
do without it.” election of United States Senators for
Million and a Half for Washington. life, who should be men of great and !
established probity, not for the purpose !
Although Morris at that time possessed of establishing a permanent privilege
an ample fortune, it was supposed to he order, but rather for incorporating into
much larger than it really was. His our system of government an element
personal credit was consequently very of stability. He was the first United
States Senator chosen to represent the
extensive. He made it subserve the pub¬ State in the First Congress under the
lic good, and he did not hesitate to Constitution, which met at New York
pledge it whenever the public funds were March 4, 1789. He was chiefly instru¬
inadequate to the exigencies of the mental in causing the Government to be
war. It was by resorting to it that the removed the next year to Philadelphia^-
necessary supplies for Washington’s ex¬ where Congress met annually until the :
pedition against Cornwallis were fur¬ Government buildings were completed I
nished. He issued his own notes, amount¬ in Washington in 1800. Washington’s j
ing to $1,400,000, -which were ultimately first choice for Secretary of the Treas¬
paid. Cornwallis could not have been ury was Robert Morris. When he de¬
captured without “the sinews of war” clined to accept the President requested
thus furnished by the great financier. him to designate a suitable person.
To the herculean labors and onerous Whereupon he suggested Alexander
and responsible duties of superintendent Hamilton, whose choice proved to be a
of finance were added those of the Navy very fortunate though an unexpected
Department, which were nearly equal to one.
those of the Treasury, in which position Morris lived for many years in a house
which stood on the south side of High
he rendered essential aid to Paul Jones (now Market) Street, between Fifth and
in accomplishing his brilliant and valu¬ Sixth Streets, formerly the home of
able naval achievements. So highly was Richard Penn, and it was this house
the aid which he had thus afforded ap¬ which he vacated in 1789 that Washing¬
preciated that that naval hero’s heirs ton might have a residence befitting the
gave him the sword which Louis XVI dignity of his position as President. To
had presented to their illustrious father be exact, this house and its grounds oe- |
Although independence was achieved cupied the space now covered by the
by naval and military successes the stores Nos. 526 , 528 and 630 Market
heavy weight of the duties of the Su¬ Street, on the middle one of which a i
perintendent of Finance was not dimin¬ bronze plate has been placed by the Sons
ished. He appealed again and again to of the Revolution to forever fix the loca- j
the States to furnish their respective tion. The original house stood until 1833,
quotas of the national obligations and when the present store buildings were ;
pay the duties on imports. His eloquent erected.
appeals were unheeded. Tormented by It was in this house that the Prince
State jealousies and shortcomings, and of Broglie was entertained by the patriot
the danger which induced him to accept financier in 1782, and he has left some
the position being past, he signified to information concerning it and a glimpse
the President of Congress January 24 at the customs of the time in a quaint
1783, his intention to resign the office note:—
of Superintendent of Finance. He con¬ “The house,” he says, “is simple but i
sented to continue until the 1st of May well furnished and very neat. The doors
Then, after several interviews with a and tables are of superb mahogany and
Committee of Congress, he was persuad¬ polished. The locks and hinges in brass
ed to remain in his position until No¬ curiously bright. The porcelain cups at
vember, 1784, when he retired. tea were arranged with great precision
,He said: “The whole business of fi¬ The mistress of the house had an agree¬
nance may be comprised in two short able expression and was dressed alto¬
but comprehensive sentences—it is to gether in white, in fact evervthing
raise the public revenue by such modes appeared charming to me. I partook
as may be most easy and most equal to of most excellent tea and I should
the people, and to expend it in the most be even now still drinking it, I believe,
frugal, fair and honest manner.” The if the Ambassador (Chevalier de la Lu¬
conclusion of his parting address to the zerne) had not charitably notified me at
people was a cogent argument in favor the twelfth cup that X must put ray-
of perpetual union. spoon across it when I wished to finish
The Assembly of Pennsylvania having * * * He said to me, ‘It is almost as
repealed the charter of the bank in ill-bred to refuse a cup of tea when it is
1785 Morris, in compliance with the earn¬ offered to you as it would be indiscreet
est request of many citizens, became a for the mistress of the house to propose
candidate for member of the Legislature a fresh one when the ceremony of the
spoon has notified her that you no longer
38 •IBp
-'i/hy ■"'>
%!•I ;
Wi'-’ 1'• • '••I
‘scribed by an esewitness: "Wa
Ii to partake of it.’ ” received his guefts, standing
iVtorris removed to} the hoi the windows in his back drawin
southeast corner of Sixth a: The company, entering a fror.
Streets, which he had bought in 1787 for and passing through an unfolding door
£14,100, and he lived there until 1796, made their salutations to the President’
This was a spacious and quite elegant , and turning off, stood on one side^ His
mansion, with entrances on both streets. manner was courteous, of course, but al¬
It had been the residence of Joseph ways on these occasions somewhat re¬
Galloway, the traitor, had been seques¬ served. He did not give his hand, but
tered by the State and used as the of¬ merely bowed, which was the mode for
ficial residence of the President of the 1 that day. Mr. Morris came in, and when
Supreme Council and very likely was
occupied by Joseph Reed and John Dick¬ the President saw him entering the room
inson. he advanced to meet him. and shook
Prom here Morris removed to Chestnut him heartily by the hand.” He was ever
Street, below Eighth, and while here he- near to the patriotic heart of Washing¬
gan to feel the “stings and arrows of ton. That great commander’s adopted
most outrageous fortune.” He was har- son, G. W. P. Custis. says: “If I am
rassed by his creditors, and principally asked, ‘Did not Washington unbend and
to escape them took up his residence at admit to familiarity and social friend¬
his beautiful country place, now the fa¬ ship some one person to whom age and
long and interesting associations save
mous Lemon Hill of Fairmount Park, peculiar privilege, the privilege of the
which he had bought in 1770 and which heart?’ I answer, that favored Indivi¬
had been periodically in the Summer the dual was Robert Morris.”
scene of elegant hospitality and a place Vast Land Speculations.
of respite from business cares. Here he
It must ever be a matter of painful 1
was now literally “a prisoner in his own
regret that in the last years of Morris j
ca.stle,” first hiding from and then defy¬ beneficent and illustrious career mis¬
ing the Sheriff, constantly chafing under fortune and pinching poverty were his
his confinement, until finally lie was ar¬ cruel visitants. After his :reurement
rested. (Lemon Hill after it had been from public life, he, John Nicholson, and j
wrested from Morris passed through the James Greenleaf, formed a company for
hands of several owners, among whom the purchase of land. T.hey purchased
Henry Pratt held longest possession. The many millions of acres, in the western
trust of land, including forty-five acres, part of Pennsylvania and in various |
was bought by the city for $75,000 in 1844, other States-Morris having also pur- h
and together with the water works chased large quantities on his individual
grounds adjoining was formally opened account, at prices varying from a.few ,
as Fairmount Park on December 28, 1855.) cents to a dollar an acre, besides a large )
But the mind of Morris was not satis¬ number of lots in the “Federal City, as i
fied with either his town or country Washington was called when it was de¬
house, and he had begun to build some termined that It should be «ie perma
years before his reverses came on, what nent Capital of the United States He
was designed to be the finest private and Nicholson, in the course of a jeai
mansion in America. This was never after they had formed _ their company
completely finished, but still sufficiently discovered the great mistake thej had
•■>-
so to reveal great beauty, rare workman- made in associating
ship and prodigal outlay, it was a I them, and endeavored to Purchase his
show place—a passing wonder to the interest, but it was then too late, tor
people, a byword for the envious and the his schemes had been too
inimlcably inclined, in short “Morris’ widely spread. Then it and
Folly” as it came commonly to be called. Morris who had made so goo ci aim
Th s house was the most tangible and V. patriotic a use of his great credit and
striking evidence of the peculiar make¬ wealth, in establishing Arncrica-Ti fi ee-
up of the great man’s mind—a forcible dom and independence. was reduced to
illustration of the lamentable fact that nenurv Had it not been for the friendly
Office tendered by G«verneur Morris of
the financiering ability which carried on
"Maw Ynrk * (who was not hlS leiduve;,
successfully and grandly the huge work
of supplying the funds for the Revolu¬ to*coming t‘he Holland Land Oomj
tion—for the vast benefit of the public, panv to pay Mrs. Morris an annuity or
was entirely lacking when he sought to fl500y00, for confirming feres
dower, a defective title to 3,300,00° acres
make it subserve his personal ends. of land in Western New rork, wnicn
“Morris’ Folly” was a huge pile of pol¬ Robert Morris had conveyed to thein,
ished and sculptured marble with state¬ his fami'y would have been homeless.
ly columns and pilasters, fronting to¬ Sad the transition from deser^dpro^
ward Chestnut Street and standing near npritv in which he and his - naa
the center of the square, extending from dispensed to American P^n°ts tb®
that street nearly to Walnut, on the genial and generous hospitality, to suen
south and from Seventh to Eighth. The abject poverty. TP„ret and
ground was considerably higher than its Profound as may be the regiet an
sadness over such a one s deduct:ion to
surroundings and the situation com¬
utter poverty, they are made still deep
manding. Originally the cost of the er by the unwelcome knowledge o- the
house was to have been $60,000 (a very fact \hat there was °ne American citi¬
large sum ror a resilience m tne last zen who was sordid enough to use tne
century) but the architect and builder, fnhumanity of the law, authorizing im¬
Major L'Enfant, made the cost go far prisonment for debt, to drag so great a
above that sum without finishing the National benefactor into prfljon for a debt
mansion. The property was sacrificed which he had become disabled from
by the Sheriff in 1797, and “Morris’ Folly”
was torn down for its mine or quarry of ^“lamentable fact is. there was just
building material which was scattered such a one. Charles Eddy had a
far and wide through the growing city. ment against him foLi?Je0fa5sf|^tito
Some of the massive marbles have places of which he caused a writ ot ca. sa. u
In houses now standing. \ be issued, on which thJl\^r^tnfc0+'‘}!I0re-
It having been determined that Phila¬ er with the patriotic fathers of the re
delphia should become the seat of the public, was arrested February 16 1-98
National Government, the Morris house, t-Tpi wrote to Nicholson. I am nere m
on Market Street, was taken possession the custody of a Sheriff’s officer.
of by the President and Mrs. Washing¬ Eddy is the most hardened villain Go
ton, the latter part of November, 1790, ever made. I believe that if 1 had bank
and in it, on the following Christmas bills to pay him with- he would refuse
night, was given the first levee in Phila¬ them, on the ground of their not Den
delphia. The last of President Wash¬ a legal-tender.”
ington’s levees was given in it a few
days before the expiration of his second
term, in March, 1797, which is thus de-
 years, six months and ten days.
He was conveyed the next day to the i The patriot did not go from pnson»,I°
debtor’s apartment of the old ^™r’e the elegant mansion in which for hail
(now Locust) Street Prison. C°ri»ress, a century he and his family had dis¬
which, without his aid. never would have pensed a cheerful and generous hos¬
had an existence to hold a session, ~ai pitality, but to the small, humble one
within the shadow of his prison walls, on the east side of Twelfth Street mid¬
but lifted not a voice or hand to save way between Chestnut and Market,
him.” If Congress had not the requi- where his wife, through her annuity,
site authority to release him from prison, was able to provide a home for him
why were the people whose Independence and the family. :
he did so much to achieve so ,list'®ss Humble as was this domicile, it was
and indifferent to hi9 condition. The the house at which La Fayette made his
beneficient Government, which resulted first private call on his visit to Phila- .
from that independence, had then been delphia in the Autumn of 1824, thus
in successful operation for nearly a de¬ showing his tender regard and high
cade—long enough to demonstrate that esteem for Robert Morris and his house¬
It would not be a mere ephemeral bene¬ hold which had not waned during his
fit to all its subjects. Why was there thirty-seven years absence from the
i not a prompt, grateful movement of the United States.
people? No such movement was made.
| His imprisonment was protracted until His Death and Descendants.
1 August 26, 1801, three years, six months Robert Morris died in his 68th year.
and ten days, when his prison doors May 8. 1806, and his wife in her 78th year,
were opened through the tender mercies January 16, 1827. Robert Morris had
of the bankrupt law of that year. seven children, five sons and two daugh¬
A Wife’s Devotion. ters, of whom three of tne former and
both of the latter survived him. Thera
His imprisonment was solaced by the are descendants of his in Philadelphia
companionship of his devoted wife and to-day. True, most of those bearing the
daughter. Mrs. Morris daily visited his name are of that other family, founded
prison and dined at his cell table, though here by Anthony Morris, who was, like
the~ malignant fever, which then infested Robert Morris’ father, a native of Eng¬
the city, raged fearfully in Prune Street. | land. but not known to be related to the
Daily her tall, graceful, commanding family of the financier, provost of the
form might be seen moving, with her University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Henry
‘‘stately dignity of manner, which ever 'Morris, of Philadelphia, is one of tha
made a controlling impression upon all few direct descendants of the financier
with whom she was brought in contact, bearing his name. Me is the son of Dr.
through two suggestive rows of coffins, Henry Morris, son of Robert Morris, Jr„
piled from floor to ceiling, to the cell son of the patriot.
of her impoverished but noble _ and il¬ The Morrises cf New Jersey who re¬
lustrious husband. In the midst of cently created a flurry of excitement by
those ravages of death neither she nor the avowal of their purpose to sue the
he seemed to be affected by fear of Government for $7,000,000, alleged to be
their personal safety. He wrote to John the amount, plus interest, which tha
Nicholson, October 15, 1798: ‘‘It is won¬ great financier had advanced the Gov¬
derful, but, notwithstanding the danger ernment and had never been repaid, are
is now at my chamber door. I feel no not only not “heirs” but not kith nor kin
kind of apprehension, and my only of Robert Morris, of Philadelphia, but of
anxiety is for my wife and daughter a worthy denizen of New Jersey, of the
and fthe9e poor sick people.” same name, who died about 1830.
However unmindful too many re¬ Just at present, Philadelphia is inter¬
cipients of the benefits which the great ested after long oblivion to its illustrious
financier essentially aided in conferring citizen patriot, in two projects for rais¬
upon our country, Washington did not ing worthy memorials to Robert Mor¬
i forget him and his great services. There ris. One under the auspices of the State
J was a scene in that Prisonin. which | Bankers’ Association and the other un¬
those devoted patriots were tne cnier der the care of the Fairmount Park Art
figures which deserved to be perpetuated Association. Both will undoubtedly be
on canvas or in marble by the best of realized in the course of a year or so, or
artists. When, in the Fall of 1798. there before the centennary of Morris’ release
was an imminent prospect of war with from his imprisonment for debt.
Fiance, Washington proceeded to Phila¬ In the meantime, the chief among the
delphia for the purpose of supervising' tangible reminders of him, wrho was the
the organization of the army, which first and most useful if not the most
was then deemed necessary. "He paid famous of her citizens, Is the humble
his first visit to the prison house of grave of the patriot in Philadelphia’s
Robert Morris. The old man wrung the _ historic Christ Church—“the Westminster
hand of the Chief in silence, while his of America.” The tomb, which is under
tearful eye gave the welcome to such a the rear of the church, is covered with
home.” . , . a plain but massive marble slab, on
Robert Morns is described as having I which the first part of the inscription
been large, six feet in height, with a ! is
full, well-formed, vigorous frame. He
had clear, smooth, florid complexion,
sandy hair in his youth, gray, loose and
unpowdered in old age, uncommonly bril¬ “The family vault of Wil¬
liant blue eyes of medium size, an liam White and Robert
acute, penetrating, logical mind, cheer¬ Morris, the latter of whom
ful engaging, affable powers of conver¬ was the financier of the
sation, ready, forcible, impressive ora¬ United States during the
tory simple, gracious manners and Revolution. Died the 8th
I great-cheerfulness and urbanity of dis¬ of May, 1806.” * * •
position Pie uttered not a word of com¬
plaint over the loss of his great for¬ 6 -
tune because it was caused by the gi¬
gantic speculation in which he engaged Therefore for nearly 92 years has
to accumulate a still greater one. Even reposed the dust of the Pabriot-martyr.
in the gloom and irksomeness of his who was imprisoned for debt under they
imprisonment his occasional notes to fa¬ laws of the very nation he hed helped to
miliar friends gleamed with “amusing usher into being, and whose feeble in¬
and sprightly expressions,” the flashes fant life he had fostered alike through
great- generosity^^nanciai^nms.
(of the “kind and buoyant spirit wmcn
did not forsake him in the most tiymg Philadelphia, January, 1898.
hours of his adversity. He was released
August 26, 1801, after serving thiee
 which, perhaps, was ever exhibited oh
! the like important occasion. About ten
o’clock Lodge No. 9 was visited by that
I congregation so graceful to the Craft,
Lodge No. 22, ot Virginia |of which |
Washington was Past Master], with all
their officers and regalia; and directly
afterwards appeared on the southern
Date ' v>A/y tJB banks of the grand river Potomac one
of the finest companies of volunteer
artillery that hath been lately seen,
parading to receive the President of
i ntafcfr.fir r r
the United States, who shortly came in
LAYING OF THE CORNER¬ sight with his suit, to whom the artillery
STONE OF THE NATIONAL paid their military honors, and His
CAPITOL, AT WASHING¬ Excellency and suit crossed the Poto¬
TON, D. 0, mac and was received in Maryland by
the officers and Brethren of No. 22,
Virginia, and No. 9, Maryland, whom
The acceptance by Bro. William J. the President headed, preceded by a band
Kelly, R. W. Grand Master of Masons of music; the rear brought up by the
in Pennsylvania and Masonic Jurisdic¬ Alexandria volunteer artillery, with
tion Thereunto Belonging, of the invita¬ grand solemnity of march, proceeded to
the President’s square in the City of
tion to lay the cornerstone of the new
Washington, where they were met and
Capitol at Harrisburg, extended to him saluted by No. 15 of the City of Wash-
by the Commissioners entrusted with | ington in all their elegant badges and
the erection of the new building, may clothing, headed by Brother Joseph
render of interest at this time an account Clarke, Rt. W. G. M. P. T., and con¬
ducted to a large Lodge prepared for
of the laying of the cornerstone of the
the purpose of their reception. After
National Capitol at Washington, D. C., a short space of time, by the vigilance
September 18, 1793, by Washington, of Brother Clotworthy Stephenson,
then President of the United States, Grand Marshal P. T., the brotherhood
who, duly clothed as a Master Mason, and other bodies were disposed in a
second order of procession, which took
took the leading part in the Masonic
place amidst a brilliant crowd of specta¬
ceremonies on that occasion. -1 >■'
tors of both sexes, according to the
The following is taken from Hay¬ following arrangement, viz.:
den’s “ Washington and His Masonic ‘ ‘ ‘ The Surveying Department of the
{Compeers:” City of Washington;
‘ ‘ ‘ Mayor and Corporation of George¬
“ On the 18th of September, 1793,
town ;
Washington laid the cornerstone of the
“ ‘ Virginia Artillery;
Capitol of the United States rin the city “ ‘ Commissioners of the City of
that bore his name. It was laid at the
Washington and their attendants;
southeast corner of the edifice, it being
“ ‘ Stonecutters, Mechanics;
the custom of our Masonic fathers to ‘ ‘ ‘ The Sword-bearer;
place it at that point, and not at the
“ ‘ Masons of the first degree;
northeast as at present. The following “ ‘ Bible, etc., on Grand Cushions;
account of the ceremonies on the occa¬ “ ‘ Deacons, with staffs of office;
sion was published in the newspapers at “ ‘ Masons of the second degree;
that day:
‘ ‘ Stewards, with wands;
“ ‘Georgetown, ‘ ‘ Masons of the third degree;
“ ‘September 21, 1793. ‘ ‘ Wardens, with truncheons;

I On Wednesday one of the grand-

est Masonic processions took place, for
the purpose of laying the cornerstone
‘ ‘ Secretaries, with tools of office;
‘ ‘ Past Masters, with their regalia;
‘ Treasurers, with their jewels;
the Capitol of the United States,
v’ '
 “ ‘ Band ofmusic; land, several Lodges under its jurist
“ ‘ Lodge No. 22, of Virginia, dis¬ tion, and Lodge No. 22, from Alexan¬
posed in their own order; dria, Virginia.
“ ‘ Corn, Wine and Oil; Thomas Johnson,
“ ‘ Grand Master pro tem., Brother David Sieuart,
George Washington, and Worship¬ Daniel Carroll,
ful Master of No. 22 of Virginia; Commissioners.
“ ‘ Grand Sword-bearer. Joseph Clarke,
“ ‘ The procession marched two R. W. G. M. P. T.
abreast, in the greatest solemn dignity, James Hoban,
with music playing, drums beating, Stehhen Hallate,
colors flying, and spectators rejoicing, Architects.
from the President’s square to the Capi¬ Collin Williamson,
tol in the City of Washington, where the Master Mason.”
Grand Marshal ordered a halt, and
directed each file in the procession to • “ ‘ The artillery discharged a volley. 1
incline two steps, one to the right, and The plate was then delivered to the '
one to the lett, and face each other, President, who, attended by the Grand
which formed a hollow, oblong square, Master P. T., and three most Worship¬
through which the Grand Sword-bearer ful Masters, descended to the cavazion
led the van, followed by the Grand trench and deposited the plate, and laid
I Master P. T, on the left, the President it on the cornerstone of the Capitol of
of the United States in the centre, and the United States of America, on which J
the Worshipful Master of No. 22, was deposited Corn, Wine and Oil,
Virginia, on the right; all the other when the whole congregation joined in \
orders that composed the procession reverential prayer, which was succeeded
advanced in the reverse of their order by Masonic chanting honors, and a
of march from the President’s square to volley from the artillery.
the southeast corner of the Capitol, and “ ‘ The President of the Uni ted J
the artillery. filed off to a destined States, and his attendant brethren,
ground to display their manoeuvres and ascended from the cavazion to the east
discharge their cannon; the President of of the cornerstone; and there thej
the United States, the Grand Master Grand Master P. T., elevated on al
P. T., and the Worshipful Master of triple rostrum, delivered an oration
No. 22 taking their stands to the east of fitting the occasion, which was received
a large stone, and all the Craft forming with brotherly love and commendation.
a circle westward, stood a short time in At intervals, during the delivery ofv
awful order. the oration, several volleys were_ dis¬
“ ‘ The artillery discharged a volley. charged by the artillery. The cere¬
The Grand Marshal delivered the com¬ mony ended m prayer, Masonic chant¬
missioners a large silver plate with an ing honors, and a 15-volley from the
inscription thereon, which the commis¬ artillery.
sioners ordered to be read, and which “ ‘ The whole company retired to an
was as follows: extensive booth, where an ox of 500
lbs. weight was barbecued, of which
“ ‘ “ This Southeast cornerstone of
the company generally partook, with
the Capitol of the United States of
every abundance of other recreations, S
America, in the City of Washington,
The festival concluded with fifteen sue- J
was laid on the 18th day of September,
cessive volleys from the artillery, whose
1793, in the thirteenth year of American
military discipline and manoeuvres
independence, in the first year of the
merit every commendation. Before
second term of the presidency of George
dark the whole company departed with
Washington, whose virtues in the civil
joyful hopes of the production of their
administration of his country have been
labor.’ ”
as conspicuous and beneficial as his
military valor and prudence have been In explanation of the “ 15-volley”
useful in establishing her liberties, and and the “ fifteen successive volleys,”
in the year of Masonry, 5793, by the above mentioned, it is to be remem¬
President of the United States, in con¬ bered that the Union at that date con-
cert with the Grand Lodge of Mary^
 lr. i

■pa—raws/: when the Federal District, or the

^■sisted of fifteen States. At that time trict of Columbia, was set apart in 1791,
:1 the District of Columbia was under the by the Commissioners whom Washing¬
^■jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of ton had appointed to establish its bound¬
Maryland. aries, its southeast cornerstone was set
Congress, having found that the with Masonic ceremonies on April 15
_A. . . Capitol was too small for its increasing in that year. The following was pub¬
numbers, decided to construct a north lished in the United States Gazette, at
L and south extension, and on the Fourth Philadelphia, April 30, 1791:
$ of July, 1851, the seventy-sixth anni- “Alexandria,

i*-., versary of our Independence, the “April 21, 1791.

'cornerstone of the south, or House of “ On Friday, the 15th instant, the 4
Representatives, extension was laid with Hon. Daniel Carroll and Hon. David
Steuart arrived in this town to superin¬
imposing ceremonies. After the Presi¬
tend the fixing of the first cornerstone
dent of the United States, Millard Fill¬
of the Federal District.
more, had performed his part of the “ The mayor and commonalty, •*
ceremonies, Major B. B. French, Grand together with the members of the
■ Master of Masons in the District of different lodges of the town, at three
Columbia, proceeded with the Masonic o’clock waited on the commissioners at
Mr Weise’s, where they dined; and
ceremonies, and after the Corn, M ine
after drinking a glass of wine to the
. and Oil had been poured upon the following sentiment, viz.: May the
stone, and the usual service performed, stone which we are about to place in
he then said: “ With this gavel, which the ground, remain an immovable
was used by the immortal Washington monument of the wisdom and una¬
nimity of North America/ the company
at the laying of the cornerstone of that
proceeded to Jones’ Point in the folio w-
Capitol, and clothed with the same
I ng order: -
apron that he then wore, I now pro¬ ““1st. The Town Sergeant.
nounce this cornerstone of this exten¬ “2d. Hon. Daniel Carroll and the
sion of that Capitol well laid, true and
M “ 3d. Mr. Ellicott and the Recorder.
trusty,”
tru accompanying the last words
“ 4th. Such of the Common Council
with
Wit three blows of the gavel. The and Aldermen as were not Freemasons.
cornerstone was laid at precisely twelve “5th. Strangers.
o’clock meridian, and after the ceremo- “ 6th. The Master of Lodge No. 22,
nies had been concluded, the President with Dr. David Steuart on his right and
the Rev. James Muir on his left, fol¬
■j^HLnd the Brethren returned, in the order
lowed by tbe rest of the Fraternity, m
in which they came, to the platform at their usual form of procession.
the eastern front of the Capitol, where “Lastly, the citizens, two by two.
I Grand Master French made an address, “When Mr. Ellicott had ascertained
preceding Daniel Webster, the orator the precise point from which the first
line*of the district was to proceed, the
of the day, at the special request of the
Master of the lodge and Dr Steuart,
latter. j assisted by others of their brethren,
At the laying of the cornerstone of placed the stone. Af ter which a deposit
the Masonic Temple in Philadelphia, on of corn, wine and oil was made upon
l . St. John the Baptist’s day, June 24, it, and the Rev. James Muir spoke, m
1868, Grand Master Yaux used the part, as follows:
“ ‘ May Americans be grateful ana
same gavel which had been used by virtuous, and they shall insure the
. Washington in 1793. indulgence of Providence. May they
It may not be generally known that be unanimous and just, and they shal
rise to greatness. May teue^atnotism-

-■'■'"U fall
 I
, ,-. , - „
actuate! every heart. May it be fhe
devout and universal wish: Peace be
t; At
within thy walls, O America, and pros
CcrrrvjT
perity within thy palaces. Amiable it
is for brethren to dwell together in FROM ..Q_CA-y \ t
unity; it is more fragrant than the per¬
fumes on Aaron’s garment; it is more
refreshing than the dews on Hermon’s
'Six ■LJfeJbrv.c T\ V
hill.
‘ * ‘ May this stone long commemorate date: SLii&fifc.
the goodness of God in those uncommon
events which have given America a
name among nations. Under this stone
may jealousy and selfishness be forever
pROCFEDTNGS u/ftf Gwrial Assemblv, con¬
buried. From this stone may a super¬
vened at Philadelphia, Thurfday, 4ugi;fl 24,
structure arise, whose glory, whose
a 786V 3 P- M.
magnificence, whose stability, unequaled
hitherto, shall astonish the world, and {Continue!jrom ourlajl.j
invite even the savage of the wilderness
to take she^er under its roof.’ - <
T HE houfc met.
The committee appointed yefierday to inforifl
“ The company partook of some
to ancil oflhe meeting of the houfe, made report.
refreshments, and then returned to the
That they bad performed that duty, , and received
place from whence they came, where
reformation that council would lay before the houfc
a number of toasts were drank; and to-morrow wlmt hufinefs thev flioulo* deem necefiary.
the following was delivered by the Mr. Smiley moved, that a committee be appointed
Master of the lodge (Dr. Dick), and to in fpefl the l;!cs of the' houfc, ‘and report •therefir.iTi
was received with every token of appro¬ ftrch bufinefs as may be etjuiflte to be taken up this
bation : feiHoo; whereupon, generalIrvine, Mr. Huolyand
“ ‘ Brethren and Gentlemen—May Mr. Smiley were appointed.
jealousy, that green-eyed monster, be Sdinc members wifhed to.adjoum : Mr. WhUehilt
buried deep under the work which we Cbid he wis no advocate for lofmg time; he knew
have this day completed, never to rise there was®. great deal of bufmefs on the fites 1* go
again within the Federal District.’ 1irough,' perhaps mote than could be fufiflied this
“It may fairly be presumed that this tfefliop, and therefore did not wifh to adjourn, but
or a similar sentiment pervaded the would, if there was a houfe, after the abfenceof (he
breast of every individual present on Committee jttft-appointed, with to proceed immedt-
Itely to fuch buftnefs as was thought proper.
the occasion. ’ ’
James M. Lamberton. The fpeaker then informed, as feveral members
rad come in. who weie not prefenc at the calling of the
Harrisburg, Pd
oil, that they were full aquorujn.
Mr- Lollar faid, be iiid thought to move {he houfe
o <djouin. until the meffage from council could he laid
efore them'; but .as the; fiiii remained a fufiiciGnt
urpber of members on die floor, he fhoutd not. .
Mr. Lutt moved for the. third reading of die bill for*
incorporating the German reformed congregation in
the borough of Reading, »n (he county of Eevks; i
which was debated by paragraphs, and ordered to be
(cngrofTed.
A member moved, that the bill for incorporatfng
?ie -Freftyterian congregation in the borough of Car-
Ifle, in-the county of Cumberland, mi?ht be read
:h<3third time; which,, on reacting by paragraphs, a
Idebataarofe -refpectiag the fiilinprppof g-bteirk with
" cci tniT! fum 10 be field by'the trlrffees of the congrc-
ation.
k was movod to 5H up with £. r,ooo/
Mr, Hollar thought it was too much, and the houfe »
adbeen length the habit of granting only £. 500 ott,
.befeoccafians-r therefore moved' th^t-no more, than'
that fum be jnferted.
■Kfli
 *
fife,

44 - 1 -yi
_
teV„,
hlfo c-afe- the gent .a.afw.’s. for i do no: m-
tend to urge the paflirig of it tills IbfTion, therefore, 1
A *rSer obfervedfotbat thehoufe had allowed think, I may be indulged,
fever al different fains,frequently £■ «ooo, ondToine- Motion carried ; the bill wasiead and ordered to
tiU-l04 lefs; now, as this is » very- lari’s congregation. be tranferibed for a third reading, and 111 Inenmn
ho was of'opinion that; £. 1000 was by do meant coop time printed for public confide-iaUcm
Mr. Craiginoved for the.CeeoAd rendingGfthe bill
to“«r‘ Whitehillfaid, .that to be fare fome focietiec for incorporating the Preftvtetisn -congregation in
had been fo indulged,''-bat not lately; for it had been, Londonderry townfhip, Dauphrncounty.
long their cuftom to allow £. 500 orfly, which eo> Mr. Whijehtll. I do not want 10 give trouble to
iainJyls full enough. the houfc, but Icannotfi’t fli-U avid foe ttemlcmen get
vir Dollar. As this congregation K fo rat.ge, tney into this tab t. Dept the gfntlennujnean to ye; the
sfli have the lefs ocwfiou for fo gregt a fine ; and w hy bill pafled this feffion ? if not, -fo is finely employing
thonvpnt fo’ much moreinto the hands of people thaji time, and giving trouble fet no pm uofe; nor will the
Ih'ey want?-.It is only inducing them to appropri¬ peop’e pay the e\pence. We are doing very.tyrotig,
ate it improperly. ■ J fear, indeed, wego too faft.
Motion 'being put, it was ordefod to he filled up Mr. Fitzfimons. I really think there Is great on-'
£ 50O, and the bill co baengrofled for the purpote of propriety in this proce-1 ire : theconftitmicn, fir, is
^eing cnaffod. _ clear that no bill fnall he pafiarf the fame feflloh. in
The committee appointed this afternoon to impest which it is read a fecond time, except in cafes of the
tne files of the honfe, &c. made in part their report, sioft urgent neceuity : this fbreljr cannot be called ore.
Wich instead, and ordered to liecatbetaWe.. Yon do not know, fir, bow ftjj this, deviation nxsv
Mr. Smiley moved the fecond reading ofa bil, for
L>k- yfct&, yoiftvtrnfT tOfT bWKdtttt tim&fhmg of
, fn co rpo r a t i og-th c'l’icfby ter ran chorchof Middlc-Ofto- greater confeouence. pafe tftis, ft is the practice
cf the houfc,*’ and thjn we may wifn this precedent
tara, in Bart township in she county of Lanctmcs.
had not been made. T y porfffti'ng in this trgft we Or all
Mi. .White’oill onfewed, that asJt could-'not bo-
|re greatly emhaTrkffeM, aad-^ven .now w<* aie only
eonethrcHig’vtbis fefflon, it was unneccffyry totake tt
wafting
•’’““'““tD.
time, which
*.
might
O
her.’ otherwifo
,
employed.
.1 /
tip : if they did, there would oe no tunc fot public
I thought the gehtleman who fpoke left htfd faid
confideretion. , .. enough to (hew the impropiiotf and prevent the con¬
Mr- Smiley thought bfmfulf very unfortunate tft
tinuance in this practice.
not being able to gel it read a fecond time curing the "Mr. Craig wiftgd to be on tbe famefootlrsgtviththis
JaftTefTion, that it might then have been prtmec.. n.
biUpas Mr. Smiiey had been oly with his—But the
loft that opportunity, to oblige fome gentlemeu who
houferoiefledbis motion.
./-''wanted other matters forwarded: «ndnow, chough .A momlrer called up tho Bill for -incorporating the
the people vvcie very urgent for It, and expeft Us h-
Bap.tift congregation, in New-Brfta 11 rownfhip, coun¬
hiifling, itmufr be again defer ted. He knew no harm ty of-Bucks, to a third reading, which, was read by
jLwould-be ofjHihhfli it tiyis fotTion, that tbe cougre- paragraphs, and ordered to becngroGe.d, for thepur-
gabion mfgid! then have ft in their hands, and could
pofe of being cnafted.
ba in tiime to ofFsvdbeir.cb eftions. A. petition and rpmoirfu*ance. item a. number of the
* jyjr. Whitehlll.i I had jjutfon to tmBk it would inhabitants of the lower end of York c-punty was pje-
^ot*C ©peeeffary for me to rife again. fented, remonftratlng agair.ft: a bill pow bofore the
The Speaker faid Mr. Smiley was perfeftly InQidtT: fronfe, entitled, “ an adl to difaharge and- annul the
Ibat any gentleman might call -be focond farimg of a declaration of trUfl reiftiug to the Scots BrefoyoswaB
dill. and the UW ffiX debateW» » V® chuvchjintbfe city of Pbiladeljihig, Ac. andpieying
*OtUOW- that the fame may not be paffed ijrto ttlarr
Read,' and ordered to lie on tljetable
Mr Whitehilh AsT faid before, there will not he A petition was prefetued ficun a ifiaiorfty of tbe
t trtie fbOicient for printing and conf.denng, nor wil. ■members---- of the Scots Prefbyterianchtnch
.... ...in this city.
h cople pay the expence; will the houfe rake up playing that the tieeifion of •thejr difTerehee? may be
1C PC r.e bill for a third reading dfmng this fertion ?efr E0 the fupreme court.
the fam<
they will not. You are tfeflroym* the very in- and ordorod tolieon tbe tablo,
ntion of the conflitition by ihispraftics. If you Another petition and rcpiL'fenatiodfrmh^^fhe AfTo-
^ ke a rule of this-hiril,' yoU-^B certainly Ret into e;ale congregation of Pe.quea tmd Brahd'/wino, in
^ei v neat difficiiltles. ’l go father : a meinbo may Lanca.fler county, to the fame pUrfWfir a's-the twupr$-
snocai to this as apreceden'fo and infi rt upon hh bufi; ceding'ones, wes prefob tad.,
nef voing on cqualwfoi that ofoiher condemn, anc Rcad, and ordered to lie on the t^bie.
■ jj^reafon. Suiefo. the geotlimab would hot .-u- . A peritlctn from Margaret Sm^U, wife of. Frederick
temot to have it palled this feftro«: if he docs, 1 <h &Smith, oftlveeity of Phi lade'! plfta* Eftj; wa*rpre.ent-
©npofe it to the Utrooft of,my abiUsies t timefpighop. ^ fetcing forth,,
■umq ^‘iwsoq
may not be brought forward.
l may ,d .nJnq ono ui
omw potion ono u? aiou uoaraiqr ‘sot
or uuSoq ezviq ‘30U3JSIX
it.
wu y 1 will narrowtfSis matter. A.s fcis oionii
—" — eqx —- «««« «»'
•soru »qro sip uoao totoww
papoeoxo Po*.5mB
puu -ajg
JO S3[IJ *J1
jiooi m8ue[ ru uaiiorBa qi^oji puu Aia^j jo
thecxpencc/ihat lies with me; out as the] J -ons jnot
yeilT •si'buo^’bui pu-e dOd'BA snoixou peSanci
uiiiiqo o:
fo meat for want of tithe for confidermg tins. bill. £ •aiuBTi eqi poqo;ro ‘jufiftoq eqj jn oaaJi j«q'* ]J00M
,0 susnoq ouios mrs '40S: :ui oiui oAio.iqj saaqivej 9 M l /q
wills to get it printed immediately, r^8t l.^ con pun a-bj ‘ouojsuq.iq 1 pvq ‘uaio .rioqj JO uoijaoA "98ZI ‘6J
cd may more fully »#na»li vheh ohjefltons. 1_* ^ -uoo v paifBO jo uoijiiaAUOo jwaua3 aqj °J 891”30 -uuui js
 Ur . micchili-faid. It appears that the- nereflir* I
Friday, Jugujiif, i7$f, half pafl p; A. iL attention is ndt always paid to thedrawieg up of bill*, i
The houfe met piiriugnt to adjouinnient. Ilmve thought fdme time bn the purport of this pre- *
.f he bill for incorporating (he German refortnect arable, buc lhall not fpeak imreh cfn che occaficm. W© »
congregation in the borough o( Reading., in the coonr ought Indeed fo take mote care and examine mere dev '■
iy of .Berks. was brought in"eneroiled, compared al liberatniv : at prefent it is v«ry proper- to taKe uraei ^
Hie table, ©naftedioioa law ainldirdfted to be Ggnei for I lee matters oi groatcotjfequence involved hero,
by the fpC3ker; which was (tone accordingly. with, i role, Hr. to fopportthomotion fora poll,
, M r. Hub ey mentioned q brliof c fimilar nature? poneinent, as I think it ah/ery ptoperona.
tli at he willed-to be taken up, if nothing very trio teriaj Xlteniotion for poHponin^; was canied ncin, cca.
was going (o be broughton. Thefpen/<ci*tQ)dthehmAlehe hadteccivcid infor<
Mr. Fitifimons thought that tftne HipnW always b<3 matlun that the melTlige fi’o.'n coiinel! would be foj.
given and a day fixed for calling, up any. bill ef incwl warded to them in iral'lTm hour.
ment, that the members might bed aw their .thoughts! Mr.FttzHuioirs thenwiftred to drew tneaftention oi
thereon previous to the meeting of theboufe, when tbs hpufe to thac report of the committee which loyj
their whole attention flsould bs drawn to that particix-* -before them--che huGneft requtfica to hecHteicJir^
lar bufineLs; he wiftied sf prefer!: that Doth;ng ofita,- bn this fefliort. ’ Tbebil! foraiteting and,iunendirsr
porcance might be entered- apon. ihe qlaftlon law is ineetloned therein, an3Ms muico-
Mr. Whitghill v/ifh^d to proceed to buitnet’s, andT’ yor of fome confoq ,enc«; and as titememberf .H.ouJd
enquired if the ele»ks bad tobuined and auem-ed the* have a proper time tocoofufer It*. Jieinovod ftrsh
retm 11s of taxable inhabitants, according3o thrift had Tuefday oaxtbe'.T(Egno3 fonts third regdint;.
beer, the order of the hotifetat thou U(Wbft'iftd/ifth«y Mr. Loliar econded the motion, aud Tqcfday mtbt<
had, be would endeavour ^tp.pave tb« .wfiy i/r-afceif. was aHigned for thatfsurixifo. t
laining Hid number of meaibern to be fart by t*acf| Mr. Flfrfrmorrs moved (hat Wodnofdny next h<9
county to this houfe; but iftnots hedcGrad a Certain aHIgned fouuheifh.iThreading of the bill entitled,'« A«
day might be fixed for that purpofe. 9fl Tor Jfnsndmgthe pons! lews of this Hace. "
'• The fpeaker informed, thjG.the clerks'as yet b*J Mt. Will feconded (he morion, and accordS02.lyi
not that bufiuefs arranged^ouf would b&veitdoneb/ Wediicfduy a£D^iiecj co that
tomorrow.
Mr. Httbley called up for a third reading the bill fbtf ^itslrntons fflOvg'd tke t9r3"ifa3lng dF'S'^tn
confirming and amending the charterof the Gcrmpi* forex tending the triaJhyjury. tothe public officers bf
reformed congregation in the borough of I.ancafler* this ftqte, and othels-Who. 0,all be preceded agatnft-
In debating it by paragraphs, fchne final! alterations Sn a fummary ‘manner by the comptroller seneraL &c.
moved by Mr, Hubley were adopted. oniU-d svhich hdbqJie.vedrn.igk.brMd, ’ '
preamble of the bill Haling that doubts h^cfrsri ten wile, This bill, after fcuie alrei ation. wg'a.tr^cred to be
the, then piefent chatter, from having, beenobtained] ^ngrolFed. “ " '"
under the authority of the crown ofOnaat-Bncahi, q{ ' Ur- Lellarfound in .looking over thcmi riutes of the
the former proprietors,. Thomas and Richsidpeba laft aflegiblyy tbat a petitfon had beeaxeceived .from
enquires, is not vacared, ’’bccaufe it derived its. mail the people called Quakers, complaining of. the great
ense from that authority ? nardfhips tliey labour under by the operation of the
.Mr. Clyiher rofe and drove d that the further gop?^ m ilitla-law.- He Gb/ef.ved petition was wrote In a
deration lhciCu, uc , ■ >c,r,w\.-... ■ he doubted r-f- w*^ Very decent; Hile, and as th'ebiil for reviling che mill-
ientfi eiWil|>'.i.«tvir7#S. to buiidopiad by Jia 'a^isfobe taljeu up this feffion, he .thought it
thisihoufe ; and if it did not uHablifli a dangerous* svouldfto right to hear them, for the ware a large pH d
precedent it appeared to him to efFeft privaje propel paluabJe part of the conimiinlcy.-’npd dbferving of at-
ty held under frmilar charters ?• apd charters, in hg tenuon; betpeielbxeinovedThat it might be read a
.opinion, are uot to be thus vacated r jnorco.vot, it ia lec-oiid t,me; ^nujr which cFie petition and anothei of,
repugnant to.art exprejs law of out commonwealth, ,tie fame tenor from N'onhampion counfy, tv^tero.
itl'which we-adbpcetl ail the regulatioas'chat had pre- fenea to me(TieursF'hipjniouSjiR((tenhoufeand Lollar
vidufly^efen made Under the Britilh government, ex¬ Jto report thereon
cept fiich as were partraiiarly enumerated.
'^Ir; Cjymer moved' that Mrs-. Smith's petition,
Mr. fcitzfimrths obferved, .that the preamble gave pTL e T/erter<Jay^ be read a fecond time; agreed
fashion to art opinionwhich he drought d’angeious. and referred to meffieurs Clylner,, l,owiy and
in tli?,c charters were vacated by-the revolmnon. This Smith, to report thereon. _ •• *
was a principle which he by no means admitted, end A membei’Cfllled.up to a third reading the bill en¬
as oilier fuflicient reafons Tnight be found, he hoped titled, “ An aft for vefttog certain city lots thereon
that the bill lor the prefent would be poGpcmed. mentioned in truHees for a burial grontid for the ufe of
Mr. Smiley defuedrlie pieemblemightibe rcado* a religious fociety cailocl Free Quakers, Jn the ciry of
ver again, which being dooe.
Philadelphia, which was confidered by paragraphs,
The fpeaker Obferved to thehoufe, that bills v/era’ fend after one alteration-, refpeftina the fouthern
frequently drawn up in a loofe, Carelefs manner. as boundary, was ordered to beengrofled fojc thejsixrpoHe
inn he prefent mHanre—here feveral alterations haJ pf being enafted into a law.
already boon made, that the liill-ro.ght cone pond Mft Hubley moved- the ffecond readjng of -....Ed-
with the original charcdr.
/tvards and Henry Dcrring sm0inoiial,rh^d laft March.
Then after alileneeof aboutten minutes*
us
 Jjjy&hill remarked, that--everyi
Calre (o thShohTebas always a defiTe'to <liTpatcli the
Bufinefs 0f blSconfl.kr.entS; and to be fiTfe it is -worthy
pf praife; but I would have it to be done regularly,
and let uSnot endeavour, fays he, to get.ihings for¬
ggaieiy tf? ould fee in on .
< : (Torjbc canidji^ ' p^nest.)
ward this laft fefiidn, which we are fure cantfotbe com-
p'.eatcd by the pi efc»t bou fe, and may have to begin F Hi L A DSL n :fi,-September. ^
again in the next: this isfurely throwing away our We.l-earn, from good^s »ity, that this ftatt.nS#
time and the public money. I will fay but little, but
recently exhibited a frctu prepf of her readinetsto
-J wsih-rfhe member would not perfift in his motiob/or promote the welfare of oty -deral government: ana.
£o good can poflbbly reftiit from it. has< iu addition ton Jsr^c-abcaedy an Ikxt fa^
The memorial was read and referred to the com- vor, advanced to Gong'.-fs 2c„coo dollar^, Which
utitteeof acton r.ts. are con ft tiered and appio?/ 3ted asfyectdln uisirte*.
: Tire peticionof Thomas Scott, James Marihs! and
qulfUA?n for the fuppXles6f?.b^pre cot year.
t)avid Redick. ^ in behalf of the inhabitants of Waili-
ingtoii county,'read the 3d of April laft, was read the Ctimpti-ollci--Goirera»!?,0^c&, Aug. rt,
fucond time, and oi tiered (with another petition of a
FINDING that fn fonle paris of the date theina-
fmilar tendency, now prc.ented, anden (fecial moci- giftratessthohave been apt Iod toby colleftorsoftax-
cn scad a feco-nd time, as well as others of the like im¬
es, in order to iTuetbeirA snt$ for iccovcry of the
port) to he referred to JVieffieurs Gray, LUly and
fame, have mifit alien thre.la/ CofaP 8sto receive the
jM‘Dowall.
money thcmfclves: the fydovving extractof the act
A petition from divers Jhhabitantj-of Upper-Paxton
pafteu tire r6th Mardls, l o >» ispublifhed, thatirre
townfhip in the.county or Dauphin, was .ead, fcttuig
like may not be doneinfu.itt'e, viz. Sett. 38. ** Ana
forth the inconvenience in attending the general deed-
he (the coilefior) Is hetei^ 'omimrnded ar.d required
pn it the place appointed bylaw, and praying that
to apply to ftqme jufticeofk peace, within the eky
fhe'y miy be a!'o'-e! to hold the fame at CUces or county where fucli detirbucnts-refide, and to de¬
joill, as be'Dg the rnoft central place.
liver, to Inch juftice a lilj ' vtitmg, fignedbyfuch
Ordered to lie on the table.
collector.containing the r,z\ e>of kll fuel) ueiinquencs,
A petit.on from the inhabitants ofWeftnantmdl fcnd
ether townlhips in tbe county of Chefter, was read, together with the funj of ponpy due from tliem re.-
fiiicingfouh that with great regret they pert-dive's bill fpeftively, according to the faidatTefTments.
Sect. 39, And be kena^sd by the authority afcl-e
before lhe houfe for removing tpeplacefor holding
Elections.& piaying that thefame may no? be removed. faicl, that every jpftife <5f the peace, to whom appli
Thefpeakcr now acquainted the home that he was' cation fli all benra Afi by anyfrollcttor as a fore! aid ^
tbsieupou iftuehis warv^nj; to any conftaolecf tna
info,racd the mellape from ccuncilcoald not be ersoeft-
townfhip, wprd ordiftriff, in which fuel) delinquents
cd to-day, as lbmo alteration had taken place, but
lhall refide, to levy and jecover fu-eh fum or fums of
would by f'crwardu .1 to-morrow*
money refpcftively, by diftrefsand faleoi the goons,
" JAd;duir.ed till hair pad nine to-morrow.
Saturday,, Augv/l 26, half pajl 9, A M.
chatties, andeffedsoffu^lrSelfflquentsre peftive!/,-
The houfe diet purfuant to ad,ournment ( or by imprifohmenf of theperfon of ftich delinquent as
the cafe may require, ana render-ifusih monies to the
After-read hj1, over the minutes of y-aftertf37, the
Speaker info:died the hotife there were,three bills fa id cotfteidor, with in twelve da.ys-aiter the 1 eceipnoft
brouehtin, engrofted, and waiting to be compared ; any fuch svarrant.”
end accordingly the'bili entitled, “ An afl for veiling The printers of the revdril newfpapers in this Hate
certain city lots therein mentioned in trufte.es, fora are requefted to give thafdregoing a place in their re-*
burying ground for tbeufe of the foeiety callcti Free fj>ective papars..- JOHN NICHOLSON
Ouakers, &c.* was compared at the table, enacted
'into a law, and dircfled to he fign&d by the fpeaker. By the United States, in CongreTs aflemb’.ed, Aiigtift
Alfo the bill entitled “An aft to extend the benefit 8. i)36.

of trial by jury to thole officers and other perfons who Ona report of theboard of treafury.
lhall be proceeded agamlt in a fummary manner by the Jlefolved, That the ftjmiLyd of the United States
'comptroller-general, &c.”Vas enadted. of America, for gold andTlver coin, fhall be eieyen
And the bill entitled, “ An act fonncorporatingtbe parts fine and one part allov.
Prefbyterian congregation in theboTough of Catlifle, Tha: the money unit ofthe United_Srates, being
. <U)thp county of Cumberland,'' was alfo ensured. by the refolve of Congr-pfs Df.thebth.of July, 1785,
Tbe Speakeranformedihe h'oufe, that the-1 eturns adotlar, fhallcontain, or ’finefrlver, tnree hunclred
of the taxable inhabitants had been received froin the and fe.v-eoty-fivegrains, ar.d ft'xry-iour hundredths pf
city of Philadelphia and thefoilowing counties, a grain , ... .
That ihetrtoney-of account to correfponu wuh the
Philadelphia, Northampton, divifion of coins, agreeably to the above refolve, pro¬
Bucks. Weftmorcland, ceed iq a decimal ratio,,agreeably to the fonns and
Laucafter, ' Wafhington. manner following, viz. -l
Yoik, Fayette, and Mills, the loweft monsy-of accoimt, of which one
jferks, Franklin; •thoafand ftiall be equal lo-thefederatdollar, or mo-
,And Ibatnoj eturns had yet come in for ocy imit, I G,coi
Chefter, Northumberland, Cents, the higheft co pper piece, of
Cumberland, Montgouiety, and which one hundred fhajTbe equal to
^etitojd. VDkuphlfl.
the federal dollar, __c.qro
s ’ -. -a. ’i
 cempared to the Tarantula, w.hofebUels faMonly _
"Dimes, the ioweft Giver-coin, which,
be cuied by partietifar m&fick. What reafon canba
fliail be equal to the dollar,". y, . 0,100
given Whythis fame th‘Li)<*’•eriticifm, fijould appear*toi
Dollar, the higheft (liver coin,. 1,003
That betwixt the dollar and the lowed copper coin us in fudvh^eous'forrns? vMcifi authorSbfeing prqdiv
as fixed by the refolvc^bf CoBggcfsof the 6th July, gals in their own-praife. think they have an exchrGvtJ
Tight of writing,and ds moth writings contain a fpiceor
^785, there Grail be three filvei coinsand one copper
criticifnr, v/ehra.J]ufily infer a majority of d/ritertrata
eoiji. I ,
.'Th<1t the filver coins dr /i be as follows; One coin odthe fpideckihd.} this fpeciesaie remarkablefor thdit
containing one hundred s, d'-eighty feven grains, and attacks upop one another, which prove mortal to one*
eighty two hundredths dram of fine fi!vor«\o be fometimes to both parties. it isadouht. whether ot
called a half dollar : bnec fin containing fevefyy five uotthis kindof rcafbniug will (land the teli ofcriticifiu#
grates, and one hundieU aik twenty eight thoufondths AfceralJ, however, It nieflbe acknowledged than
of a grain of fine (fiver, ti be cailed a double dime, well timed cri.tioifni rs ufefiil, it will hardly beflr the
and'OtJe coin containing thirty-feven grains, andnve appellation of-^'ackbirita^g, it being Opdn, and giving,
lrund.'c.^and fixty four thoufandihs of a grain of line -bn that account, an opportunity of defence.- .It is al¬
filver, to be called a dims. lowable chat an author, in tenor of a critic, lhduld ufa
That tho two coppercoitis fiia'lbe as. follows t one Shakeipear's. Wjxcls ?
equal to the one hundredth pf®t of the fedei al do-far, He that fobs me Of my purfe, deals ttafin.
to be called a cent; and c'r.e equal to the two hun¬ •Tis nothing ! ‘(.wasmine, his his;
dredth part of the federal dollar, to be cahedabaif But he that ‘llches from ms my good nams*
cent. . . , Robs-me of that which not enriches him,
That twoponjids tjiid a quarter awoirdupotfe weight Rut makes me poor indeed. _ •
ofcopper, Ihall conliitubc 6r.c hundred cents. This noble fbntiment may be ufed In private lifts
1.
That there fhailbstwo cjold coins; one.codtair.ing with regardto mens conduift and characler, but as aa*
i thorspubl (h" their WOrkS that the public may road amJ
two hundred and fortv-lix grains and two hundred and
fixty-eighttlioufandths of agrain of line gold, equal co exercife their judgments on fucb performances, thef<J
tertdoHars, lobe damped With the impieffion of the -vefy- jti igmcms become the formidably let of cxitie*
American eagle,-and to be called aner-nte: one con¬ fo much dreadoit
taining ode hundred and twenty three grains and one • -.• • »m

hundred and thirty four thoufaridths of a grain of fine

To the inhabitants Wed ward of the Alleghan^l 1
gold, equal to five dollars, to be ftamped.ii> like man¬
ner, to be called a half eagle. Mountain.
That the mint price,of a pound weight of uncoined
filver, eleven parts line and one part alloy, fhallbe9 [ OBSERVE in the loftpittlburgh Oavetrem hffi
dollars, nine dimes and two cents.1 I Brackenrtdge’s addrefis to the electors of Weil*
That themint priceofa pound weight of uncoined moreland county, that there has been a propofa: made
gold; eleven, parts finoand one alloy, lhrfifioe two huo by the court ofSpain to the United States of-America*
dreiaai nwiC dollars, .feven dimes- aud feven cents. offering them a free trade to all the Spaniffi ports, in'
American bottoms, provided they relinquifk any icie*
f T.& of a trade down the Mtffifippi for the ipace of z>

I T has been 3 genera? ppJnfQfi received in alt caailH

■.tries, that ftiticiTm has ofteft cor retted the folbfes,
years. 1 have heard from other quarters, that thi#
above propofol hrfs been made, and it is feared tha
Congtefs will adopt the meafure, for feveral reafons.
clvflized)rSTbarU'tn^ndbasheeh t-Ke c'aufe oFautharff Should -that be the cafe, you are in a ruined and un¬
flaking mu-cb 'iiiore pains/ aniTbf courfc producing done fituation. After all the dangers, difficulties
works of infinite .more worth than they otherways andfatigucs you have undergone in removing to. ami
would hav£-done { fio natural is it, that few writers fettling this wild and uncultivated defart, through
JU-dowm, without preparing to avonlasmuch aspof^ difficulties and dangers inntinierr,Me, in the face of a-
fible,.''C0life of eriticifm in tl'etVperfonWnce-, _ favageenemy ; after vctihave been foldicrs penerafh/j
. .It *§■ filain* -therefore, tlict bol who writcf^lma thro thecoui fe of along&techcus war & that without
fbwhs When criticifed, either thinks himfelf ibpve pay, dothing or lands, being either upon fiaiionsr
it-frediflre fgperiority of his tglcnts, or that hi* fi&ad- voluntaiy campaigns for the defence up youifolves,
Bisa'reIncapable to judgsof bisperfcnnan-ces. . If fcqy youi families or youitcountry, or that i|p m forts, for
author has-axrjved at thene plus tdtra of gerfe&ion^ fear of the forages; and have not been deficient in
then indeed ctitlcifm would become the fexWve of 3 furnifbing vonr proportion of ti oops (or the continent
cobweb* hut as inoif .anthori have klegs, in writing* tal aimy, and are now loaded witn jaxes, more than,
which, ten Home ?cgidental can(fe arc nophappilypX- you are able to bear, to pay off yopr propoi tion of tha
prefTe'd fo as to be frilly convey ec*Uo-the reader, .a.-wfell continental debt, as is hut too vifib’H: from the many
timed criricifmwillgiyean^p.poi-tunity of thea^chd^ deficiencies dr arrears of taxes for two years oniyirr*
doing juftice to btffifdf | Weilmoreland county, foj- whicli a paitof your lands
But fay fome, ifcritici itYi would flop here,It wonf<S muft l>e fold, if you do not find money to pay them o(E
do well, but tbftead of .that, like a-moth, if cutsAir© according to the advertifement of the comnufiioners*
fined threa>l, .or perhaps v/Tth nibre juflice, tnaylig After all thefe difficulties and embarrafTments, mere*
 4 v __
; . oie fcarcUy offcaTh, antTnot from any aver* . Fittfourgh, SefKstnher
ficn to pay the taxes, the only channel is to be fhuts ■'Oa.tht utkult. &.ngrefs were tttaftd tdb appoint £?-
up thro which you can ever expect to have any vent*'*
ITPra Hicluid Butter Juperinicndant of lediaa ofair:
lar trade to bring your produce to market. Norarer (a the northern and uj drUe department At thirgen
you to entertain any idea offuch a trade, Vou are not UdenM't r bra very in the fields aiinr.g the late war, and
even to thnkofjj:; true Spaniih principles, no moic ttn petjtvdian.ee in a former treaty with the Indians,
to drink of a trade than of the great Dons wiies, as iwhen he ttBed as one of the cowvjjtoners, are-wed
jealous ct thewatersof the JVtifTifi'ppi asof the other fciown, we have no doubt but he will ttfe his utnofl
water channels, -.they may, if they chufe,. fecure thet tnfeftvi/ur t to give further pyoops of his attachment to me
latter with their padlocks, bue we hope that CongrelS ■%*eQfgre <{f Itie country in his prefent appointment.
will never conferit to their putting a padlock upon the Al leitlr from Louisville. wdUttd Augnji 16, 1786,
mouths of the Miffifllppi; il they fho-yld agree to this' r«»Sfitians. ‘-that an ejsfft edition competed entirely of vs-
reafonabls requeR of the court of Spain, this ev-td-v ‘Juaiesrs Wat intended agatnfl the Indians ; hut that
five back country will, in a few year?, find* Kev t<» fvme diriRiorv from the government of Virginia, re-
1 open any padlock thatmav bettxed iheieto torettraitr feeding the tftods of car.duding.il. hodfrovtntediluit
[ iheii trade. 'iBuuo lay afldc joknjg upea iu *tTixptduior,'~bui thil another on? of fifteen hundred
■ moll Uffifm an?, of men wrtliS clriatnlyfel o-ut about the firfl of Septem¬
€?msgnitude to all the inhabitants of llu?^cfie, "l ber agtU it ft l he I nd intis 0 nit he H' abauclt.
‘ it is well Knowiuhst there is at prerehi an ExtraQ of a letter from a gentienvinir, Philadelphia to
^nulauon nmougft the Rotes of Pennfylvania, Mary hisf rtend iu thispiact, dated Sept 2. t/3d.
land and Virginia,-.which Chs'll'eagiofs the gi .a 0 'f* The pemiit of throplaee having conneOior.s to the
Dart of the wade of this wcfiern country, for this \VtTtward art mneh alarmed at 0 report oj the Spaniards
purpofe rivets are clearing, rocki blowing* canals having made a propsjdl to Conorc/sso flop the navigation
Eng new roads laying but Waning, nr an * tflht M jtjfippi for twenty five years-for which it is
nonnousexner.ee; and it is the inlefdt H11t ? , janf they will give a free trade to all Che posts of Spain.
the lower ftateito have your exports as well as yom I fPtt&N, informed t he etifltrnftotes are for it; but Vir-
imports They will-tell you that you can carry /oi gwjaaruifosne others are much a gain ft n.~ This firojte
'flour, your meet, yoor tobacco, andsvhatevm you '^votffdruin the bank country ; and. indeed, it is much
ramraife for fnarkdc to Cumberland, 4P he AU°^ Qepfobated hero ; but / hope il wiUhe nicked in t/te bud.
„y waters,-on-i from thencoto feme martin the e .id¬ ’' A commercial treaty, it is confidently offer!ed. is non1
em fide of the Alleghany; or from Moifean s tow, t -ftifMt be t wee ni he court of Maarid and thcUnitsdSwes:
the head nay igubls Waters of Po Cow mac , T tfdifCntKolic mojefly. m his part, intreats that the ny
eavV- exuemte, aRer the roads are fafficientiy dleaie, frig ttlnn of the MiJTtffippi vw? be guaranteed to him for
for waggons; and the waters filled for navigation, tp corf bin period : in lieu of which, it is propeftd to open
and pnrehafe whatevefyoh vfapt with your pro<^ej /611't hi ports of Old Spain to American veffels, to trr^at us;
But it is evident to ^emonftration that you ckn 1 \yeiihtejpefl t» duties, as the moflfavored nation: to al
your produce theaperat New-Orlean^ than cauy iow car wefernplanters the liberty of bringing tobacco
any .ire or market on tKl eafr fide of the' Allejh-i y %aNew Orleans for fate aAd to permit the exportation of
fountains; 'Slidthat you will receive at Ihafte gi fppa* free from iih^of or duty. The particulars of this
ten time> the pfcwi'l-here which you can expeftaJ important negotiation,, it :s. expeUed will tronfpire'in a
port or maiket bicbe lower Rates YcmWill (till have jemdftJS,- m sue mini fie r tf foreign affairs, to whom the
youMnVports t'lO'fh t'he lower Rates, arany i pgiifpKft w«i committed, has already giver, in his report
, vreatcR part of cf,c«v, and with that they ought o ■ ^ipongreft. -?.
le contented) Bna.futfet Jrodiocarry y*>ur**P?‘“. ' Our next Will contain, (bejides the Proceedings
.whatever atsfket you think ntoft_a-J.vaBC«ge■ • , thaGcnerdl A fetnbly, nnd otht.r ufeful matter j An
qrourfeiyes. *”• Atthisimportant chifis it is fo tai • Y> hStcoisnC of th? late Dr. Huo» Martin s Cancer Pow-
if you onrymake the proper ufe of theopporWni g ider. with brief Obfervotion: onCnncers. By BeNjA-
fhat tfeg&eb&sl -e’.aftion is not faV diftans..«<«s ■_ ..sifiH Rush, M D. [ffc ific. Read u» the American
tnauens only yet in agitation it is your mtereR, an jfpiloJofhiealSwietJt at ?hila4&ljpffi& Feb. 3, 1*7 66.
■ilaty, to lead.both to the council and aflembly gen_
tleinenof thegreateft. abilities you can hnd c men o Ti TtFi, hrdfitvc&y yfllbepilRfl»'tf <bf
Jhtevritv and abliiticj. ‘who can fpeak your ten i- brawn t~t> KtnVitmornUJhc f .fifpenitevpte of *h* United
feents npfidill. either be afraid oralhamcd to open - States of N^rth-America. d,eliy red ut the fie forme a Cal-
gheir mouths hi.a public aflWbiy, men who can lay yinifi Church. fit Philadelphia; July %th, T?86, and ^
•ipetething more tVahyeao.r nay, whownl no-t fofttr publifbedat the reqtrfi of tde Pewnjylvania Svcfety of !
• fheir brairrs to be -fuekei, nor their moutns to the Cincinnati;. By Idlajor iV. ‘Jackjen. i,1
■Stopped with adiijper of $f»anifli ortaiofis, -orFienca r '
rftseots, or .a fUp per of oyfters and a bottle of v/me ;
sirs let them open their mouths wide, cry atou , an
ifrtare not,; thac-fram the moment the inhabitants o,
1--=*^-=—- ———n—pu« A|traf2 erj p3J
p3inso3uai)inrto.:p ojoquopunais sc tpnj .‘uoijb- uc
auiuidxtt^id aaxta.aqvisqjja jBoqijM fjaj ot auwiruoa Sj
 Mi.-

the Indian nations, or be allowed to trade with any

By'the UNITED STATES fh CONdRESS^P, nation of Indians,' witbin the territory of the United
fembled, .AugnR 7, r^ge-. ' States. That no. perfon, citizen or other, udder
ftn ORDINANCE for the Regulation 9?JNDI< the1>enalty of five hundred dollars, fhall refide among
or trade with any Indian or Indian nations', within iffie
AN AFFAIRS.
W ETEREAS tbefafetyandtraflqtfility.ofth^frGtf*
tiers or the United Stated, dp infome'Kie'ap
territory of the United Stdtes, without a licence for
that purpofe firft obtained from the fuperintendant of
Cure depend -on the maintaining a good correfpood’ence the difkiff 01 one of the deputies, who are hereby di¬
between their citizens-and tbefeveral nationaof Indf* rected to give fuch licence toe veTy per Ton, whoftall
2Tis ir> amity with them. Anti-whereas the United produce from the (lipreme executive of any Rate, a.
Jftates in Congrefs afTembled, .under the ninth Of the certificate under the feal of^he Rate, that he is of
articles of confederation aud perpetual n.iion, havo goodcharafter and fuitebly qualified for that employ-^,
the foie and exclufivc right and powei of. regulating ment, for which licence be ftajl pay the furn of Fifty
the trade, and managing ell affairs .with the Indians' J)ol*Urs to the faid fuperintendant for the nfe of the
not members of any of the Rates, provided that lha United States. That no licence to trade,with the In¬
legifiariye right,of ao/ffiate, witbia Its own limits, be dians (hall be in force for a longer term than bne year;
not infringed or violated. nor fhifil permits or pafiTpcwtsbe granted to any other
Beit Ordained by the United States in. Congyefs eS~ pei-fops than citizens of_ihe United States to travel
felffoled, That fromand after the paHing of ftds ordi¬ through the Indian nations, without their having
nance, the Indian department be divided into Cwodif- previopfly made their bufinefs known to,the fuperin¬
triffs, viz. The fomhern, which "ftail'comptehend tendant of thediftrift, and received his approbation,
within its limits, all the (rations in’tire territory oftbe Thpt previous to any perfon or perfons obtaining a li¬
Uhited States, who refide fouthward of the river cence to-tradeas aforefaid, he or they fhall give bond
•ObkJ? and-the northern, which fhall comprehend in three thoufahd dollars to the fuperintendant of the
other Indian nations within thefaid territory, diRriff, for the ufe of the United States, for his or
and weflward of Hudfon river: Provided that-nil tbeir: Rrict adherence to, and obfevvance of fuch rules
councils, tr eaties, communication's and Official tr'anf- and reguiatio.ns as Congrefs may from time .to time
affions, between the fuperintendant hereafter mend efiabiiih for-the government of the Indian trade. All
oned for the northern difirift, and the Indian natkma. funis to be received by thefaid fuperintendants, either
be held, tranfacled and dohe, at the out pofi occupied for licences or fines, Avail be annually accounted fo*
t>y the troops of the United States, in the faid diftriff. by them with the board of treafury.
.That a fuperintendant be appointed for each of the And be it further ordained, That the faid fupenn*
faid diftriffs, who Shall continue ilf office for 2 years, lendams, and the deputies, ffiall not be engaged, eh
tinlefs fopner remove’d by Cungrefs, and. (hall refide ther directlyor indiveftly in trade with the Indians, on
within or as hear the diftrift for which be (hall be fa £ain offorfeiting their offices; and£achof thefuper-
appointed, as,may be. Convenient for the management intendants (hall take the following oath, previous'to
of its concerns. The faid fuperintendants dial! attend ihrs entering on the duties of his appointment.-.—*
to the execution of fuch regulations as Congrefs (hall '* Jj .A, B. da, Tv car, tbstl will we? hand r£k$$
;/rom time to timeeftablith refpefting Indian affairs.—
l&rveffie United States In the.office offugerinte/f
The fuperintendant for the northern didriff, ftaTP
r&F Inditn affairs./cjr/sba. diftrift: 'TJwr.I.w „
bave authority to appoint two deputies, to refide in
cajeftAty attend-to ah fuch r>r<fet;s aud-jnRjuifciQns -,as.i\
fuch places as {hall bed facilitate the regulations of*
ft all fxnru im e - ro tlm el ece i v e>fr.6tji ,t hs.Uni ted S ta cer \ '
I(tire Indian trade, and^o remove them for mifbehavior.
m-Ccngrefe afTembled. or t-hefficretary-at wap. That - '
There ftal! be a communication of all matters rela¬
I walitw bccoBcarnpj#'eitherdireftjy or mdive£% in,
tive to the bufinefs of thelndian department, kept up
trade withtbe Indiaris^Kdthatin all things ba&ng?-
between the faid fuperintendants, who (hall regularly
Ing tcfmy faid effifoefitring my eonrimianCe tljbte.iliy
correfpond with the fooetary at war, through whom
I will faithfully, ,p'fdy aiik truly, according to the
all-communications rcfpefling the Indian department
beffi of my fkiU’aml jntlgrtent, do dqnal cr impartial
ftal! be made to Congrefs; and the fuperintendants
JuRicc, without fraodjfayoTor affieftioni” And the
ere-hereby direfted to obey all inRruftions, which
fiipeiffitendantfor t^a uouhern.-diRrict, ft all admi-
they (hall from time to time receive from the faid Ce-
nlRer to his deputrds, the Jfolfowing oath, before
crctary at war. And whenever they (hail have reafon
to fufreff any tribe or ti ibes of Indians, of hofhlc in tbev proceed on the cities of their office, '■ I, A.B.
lennons, ttrey Ural! communicate the fameto tbeexp-
dofwpnr, that I will TCelland faitnfnlly ferve tlie U-
cutrve’nfthefiatcorRateSj whofe territories are fub- nited Stales, in theofficcofdeguty fupei-intendantof
jecUotheeffe&sof fu<h .hoftilities. All (fores, pta- Indfen-affairsin the.ncathein'diRriff, and that I will
vifrons or other property, which Congrefs mayThink caryrfuHy attend to aitiiftrch orders and iuftrufeions as
receffary for prefcntsto the Indians, (hall beih the I fhall-from time to tirne veceive.fr omche United States
cuftody and under thecare of the faid fuperintendants, in Congrefs affembled, the'fecfetary at war, or the
who (hall render an annual account or the expendi¬ fuperintendant of thediRrift aforefaid, and that iaaU
tures of the fame, to the board oftreafury. things belonging to fely faid office, during my cocti-
And btfit further ordained. That none but citizens cuance therein, I will faithfully, Juflly gnd truly, ac- '
of the United States, (hall be fullered to refide among cprding to the belt ofaly (kill and judgment; do equal
andimpartial jufrice, with out-fraud, favor oj affeih- '

. 1
 on." Ana the faid fu|'erlnterldan{s, and deputy fn-
peiintendants, fhall esch of tEesflgive bond with fure- uMland-flfoi efaid, oh.cutting up and‘carryingof
-I ty to tile board of tfltafury, in Cruft for the United trail aforefaid, any walnut, cherry tree. ouqUlPf/i
t States, the fupertnrcndants each in the fum of fix timber already cut down orlaying wlthiTi the limits oi*/
f the referved tract aforefaid, or from ereiting any houfq
i thoufanddoUars, an&tbedepiity’fOperlnte.ndants eaoh
I) in the film of threethptifand dollars, for the'faithful or building of any kind whatfoever, upon the trail o‘ei
I difehargeoftbedutiusof ih.eir ©Hicfc. ' land aforefaid, as theyfliall anftver at their peril fc*/
And it is further Ordained, That all fines and- for¬ any fuekoftence. WILLIAM BUTLER* .{
feitures which may bb incurred by contravefjirtg, this P-itUburgh, Auguft 29, 1786. rf '
ord nance, fhall be fued for and recovered befoie any
court of record'within, the United States; .theirnc
moiety thereof to the ufe of him or them who may
profecute therefor, ajnd the other moiety to the ufe
Of thcTJnltcd States* And the faid fbperinteuuants
(ball have power, endihereby areaurhorifed, by foree
toueflrain therefrom,all perfons whofhalt attempt an
ihtercourfe with tire fafld Inoians without a lieengc
therefor obtained as dorefaid.
And be it further cffd?;ncd,,That in a!J cafes, wher^
ttanfafltpns with any nation 6r tribe of Indiansfbalt
become neceflary to the purposes of this ordinance,
which cannot be done withoufcinterfering with the le-
gtflativc rightspf a fthte, thc-fupcrintcntlam in whofe
diffcria the fame fhall/happen, .fhall ail in eonjimftion
with the authority offuebftatc. Done, Ac.

W .a gsa-*——
iHEREAS by*ha& of general affembly of this
ftatc, paffed September 25th, 1783, pcrmiiil-
«jb was given to t he f-ubfer ibex io ereit a ferry uporrthe
trail ofland leferVedforthetifeofthecommonwealth
oppoficc the town of Pittfhurgh; and whereas it has
been found by experience that the fituation of the
ground where the f^rry is nowercitod is liable la,
overflow,, and not by any means to anfwcr the Inten¬
tions of the legiflaturcfor the accommodation of the
public ; a reprefentat|bn of which to the fuprcme.exe-
cutive council of thid fate, and their refolutiomef-1
*ecling the fame, is ‘is follows;
-In C O U N C I L?
Philadelphia, June 24, 1785.
REPRESENTATION having been made thartfit!
1 tot cf ground within the limits of the trait of land re-
(ervedfor the ufe of the commonwealth andoppoflte
the town of Pittfbtrrgh, granted by ait of afTcinbly to
William Butler, Efq; for the purpofes of keeping a
ferry, is from its fituation liable to be overflowed, and
otherwife rendered Unfit for the purpofes aforefaid..
Ordered, That ijidul^erce begrven tothe faid But¬
ler to eflabfiib a lending place and ferry-boufe upon
fuch other part of the /'aid trait as will belt promote
the convenience of,the ri -blic and tire intention of the
legiflaturc declared ie tjV;ir ail aforefaid.
' ilefolved. That prepaid Butler be farther permit¬
ted to plough, fow, otherwife cultivate fuch
ground as have been fended in, and hitherto occupied
,by James Boggs, deceafed ; and that in return for
thofe advantages the faid Butler (ball come under ob¬
ligation to prevent tire copnififfionofall kinds of wafte
oi the timber growing and being upon tire trail ofland
referved for the ufe of the commonwealth as aforefaid-
‘In'purfuanceof theahove order ofcoundl (fecurity
having already been given to council) noticeishereby
given ro ail and every perjfon and perfons w&atfoever,
not to commit any kind of wafle by cutting or falling
timber of airy kind whatlbcver, upon the referved traft
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