From alkenes From Hydroboration

Oxidation FROM DIAZONIUM SALTS METHODS OF PREPARATION

FROM CUMENE:
OF PHENOL
CH3 OH
CH3-CH=CH2 +(H-BH2)2 CH3-CH-CH2 N = NCl OH CH3
From alkenes, by acid Catalysed Hydration: CH C–O–OH
H BH2 NaNO2 H 2O CH3 O3 H+ + CH3COCH3
+ N2 + HCl DOW'S PROCESS:
HCl Warm
H
+
(i) 623 K, 300 atm CH3 H 2O
C C 
+ H2O  C C CH3-CH=CH2
Chlorobenzene + NaOH → Phenol
NH2
(ii ) HCl Cumene Cumen
H OH CH3-CH=CH2
(CH3-CH2-CH2)3B (CH3-CH2-CH2)2BH Aniline Benzene
Diazonium salt
+
H
 CH -CH-CH
eg. CH3-CH=CH2 + H2O  CH3-CH=CH2
3 3

OH 3CH3-CH2-CH2-OH+B(OH)3
FROM BENZENE SUPLHONIC ACID Colorless crystalline
Propanol
solid or Liquid

SO3H OH PHENOL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Reduction of Aldehyde, Ketone and
From Grignard reagent
Carboxylic Acid Oleum (i) NaOH Higher boiling point due
(ii) H + to Hydrogen Bonding
pd
R − CHO + H 2 
→ R − CH2 OH δ− +δ
C O + R + MgX C O Mg X CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
NaBH
RCOR′ 
4
→ R − CH − R OH OH
H2O
Br Br
OH Electrophilic Aromatic
+ 3Br2 + 3HBr
RCOOH
(i) LiAlH4

(ii) H 2 O
→R − CH2 − OH
Mg(OH)x + C OH
ALCOHOL, PHENOL substitution
R
Br
AND ETHER
METHODS OF PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS
Nitration
OH OH
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES NO2 NO2
ALCOHOLS Conc. NO2
HNO3

ETHER NO2
Soluble in water M.P. and B.P. ∝ Colorless with Structure
due to H-bonding. Molecular mass. characteristic R-OH Structure
smell. R-O-R′
where R = alkyl group Reimer-Tiemann reaction:
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES where R and R′ can be
-
same or different alkyl O- Na+
Reaction involving Acidity: Due to the presence of group. OH CHCl2
cleavage of -OH bond. polar-OH group. CHCl3 + Aq. NaOH
anh. R
R
ZnCl2 R CH2OH
R - OH + HCl R-Cl + H2O > CH-OH > R C OH CLEAVAGE OF C-O BOND ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
R Intermediate NaOH
turbidity 1° alcohol R 2° alcohol 3° alcohol

rate 3° alcohol > 2° alcohol > 1° alcohol R − O − R + HX R − X + ROH HALOGENATION -

O- Na
OCH3 OCH3 CHO
R − O − R + HX R − X + R OH OCH3 CHO
Br OH H+
Br2 in Ethanoic Acid
Esterification +
H+ For Tertiary Group: In Case of excess HI
 ROCOR + H O
R − OH + R COOH 
H+
2
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CH3 CH3
Br Salicyaldehyde
 ROCOR ′ + R′ COOH
R − OH + (R′CO)2 O  ortho para
Pyridine CH3 - C - OCH3 + HI → CH3OH + CH3 - C - I
R − OH + R′ COCl 
  ROCOR′ + HCl

( excess ) FRIEDEL-CRAFT REACTION
CH3 CH3 Oxidation of Phenol
OCH3 O
Dehydration Reaction OCH3 CH3 OCH3 OH OH
Oxidation AlCl3 Na2Cr2O7
+ CH3Cl +
H O H2SO4
H+
C C 
Heat
→ C C + H2O Oxidation [O]
H 3C
R − CH 2 OH  R − C = O  R − C − OH CHEMICAL TEST ortho para O
Benzoquinone
H OH Aldehyde Carboxylic PREPARATION OF ETHER
Acid FOR ALCOHOL

Primary Alcohol Secondary Alcohol Tertiary Alcohol

1) P + I 2 Williamson Synthesis By Dehydration of Alcohols
1) P+I2 1) P + I2
H 2SO4
Victor Mayer Test R CH2 OH
− −  → Red Colours 2) AgNO2 2) AgNO2 KOH – +
2CH3 − CH2 − OH → C2H5 − O − C2H5

:
R-X R - O - Na

:
2) AgNO2 R2CH − OH  → Blue Colours R 3 C − OH → No Reaction  → No Colour + R -O- R + NaX 413 K
3) HNO , KOH 3) HNO2

:
:
3) HNO2 , KOH

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001