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Becoming A Member of Society: Enculturation, Solidarity, Conformity and Deviance
Becoming A Member of Society: Enculturation, Solidarity, Conformity and Deviance
DISCUSSION
• SOCIALIZATION is the process aimed at internalizing cultural norms and values in order to train
and produce competent/productive members of society.
o it is the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential
and learn patterns of their culture.
o Resocialization is the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
• SOCIAL STRUCTURES are the patterned relationships between people.
o building blocks of social interactions allowing people to behave in accordance to
certain societal expectations within particular social settings.
• SOLIDARITY refers to the union of interests, purposes or sympathies among members of groups
o Cohesion refers to the state of working together
• CONFORMITY refers to the behavior in accordance with socially accepted conventions or
standards
• DEVIANCE refers to the behavior that is recognized as violating established rules, folkways and
norms.
o Social Control refers to the regulation and enforcement of norms to maintain social
order
o Sanctions refers to the means of enforcing rules/norms
✓ Positive Sanctions refers to the reward given for conforming to norms
✓ Negative Sanctions punishments for violating norms
LEARNING POINTS
A. SOCIALIZATION
A. builds the foundation for an individual’s fairly consistent patterns of thinking, feeling,
and acting.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Family. Most important agent of socialization; the center of a child’s life; parental
attention is very important; provides encourage
2. Religion. It has significant role in ‘meaning- making’ of life; promote welfare of the
individual.
3. School. Provides individuals an opportunity to confront diversity; introduces gender role
socialization and even clustering of skills and competencies according to gender and
class; hidden curriculum: informal aspect of schooling; impersonal relationship is
prevalent.
4. Neighborhood. Local social units larger than the household. Neighborhoods are social
communities with face- to- face interaction among members.
5. Peer Groups. Provides avenue for individuals to develop a sense of self that goes
beyond the family; peers often govern short-term goals while parents maintain influence
over long-term plans; peer groups also provide venues for anticipatory socialization;
practice at working toward gaining desired positions.
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 11/12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph
6. Mass Media. Mass media create images that reinforce social stereotypes based on sex,
class, ethnicity and religion.
B. SOCIAL STRUCTURES
✓ The process of socialization as operationalized in the context of these agents requires
an understanding of the social structure one belongs to.
MAJOR COMPONENTS:
1. Culture refers to the binding mechanism of the society.
2. Social Class refers to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the
economic system of production
a. Examples: Upper class, Middle Class, Lower Class
3. Social Status is a recognized set of social position that an individual occupies
a. Examples: being a student, being a child, being a peer, being a customer, etc.
4. Social Roles are set of social behaviors expected of someone who fills a particular status
a. Examples: studying, taking exams are expected behaviors associated with being a
student
5. Groups consists of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another.
C. SOLIDARITY
1. According to Emile Durkheim
a. Mechanical Solidarity
✓ Comes from homogeneity of individuals (similar work, lifestyle, educational
background, religious affiliation, etc); individuals feel connected through
these homogeneities
✓ Traditional societies
b. Organic Solidarity
✓ presence of interdependence that arises from specialization
✓ industrialized societies
✓ Example:
Farmers produce food for the health workers who treats them when they
are sick.
2. According to Ferdinand Tonnies
a. Gemeinschaft
✓ community
✓ a community where everyone knows everyone
b. Gesselschaft
✓ society
✓ a society dominated by impersonal relationships
✓ example: urban areas
ACTIVITY 4:
On a short bond paper, list five acts of deviance and identify the sanctions given by the society.
Then, list five acts of conformity and identify the sanctions given by the society.
Rubric for scoring for each set (Conformity and Deviance)
a. Situations/acts identified (5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
b. Sanctions listed (5)(4)(3)(2)(1)
V. REFERENCES:
• Agnew, R. (2009). Juvenile delinquency: Causes and control (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford
University Press, Inc.
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Governor Pack Road, Baguio City, Philippines 2600
Tel. Nos.: (+6374) 442-3316, 442-8220; 444-2786;
442-2564; 442-8219; 442-8256; Fax No.: 442-6268 Grade Level/Section: Grade 11/12
Email: [email protected]; Website: www.uc-bcf.edu.ph