Function: Hydraulic Circuit 1)
Function: Hydraulic Circuit 1)
FUNCTION
1) HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
36072MC04
2-25
GROUP 2 MAIN CONTROL VALVE
1. STRUCTURE
36072MC01
2-22
36072MC02
2-23
36072MC03
2-24
2) BASIC OPERATION
(1) Travel straight circuit
This circuit keeps straight travel in case
of simultaneous operation of other P1 P2
p
actuators (SW, AM, BKT,BM) during a
straight travel.
① During straight travel by operating
left/right travel plunger (TL, TR): FL FR
Operation of travel spool, the pilot
signal(Py1) line inside the control valve
PL
is blocked, but the pilot signal(PX1) line
is connected to the tank via orifice PR
therefore, the travel straight select valve
is not operated ; oil from pump PL is fed SW
into cylinder port BL4 only. BM
Oil from pump PR is fed into cylinder AM
port BR3 by the operation of TR plunger.
BKT
Thus, straight travel is performed
OPT
separately with pump P L driving
rightward travel(T L ) and pump P R TR
driving rightward travel(TR). TL
p
Pi
Py1
PL p PR
Px1
AL4 BL4 BR3 AR3
Px1 Py1
SW
bl4 br3
AM BM
OPT BKT TL TR
TL TR Manifold
assembly
36072MC05
2-26
② In case of a swing operation during
straight travel for instance :
At the beginning of swing plunger stroke the P1 P2
p
pilot signal(PX1) line inside the control valve
is blocked and the signal pressure makes
the connection between the feed passages
of right and left travel plungers(TL, TR) by FL FR
switching spool of travel straight select
valve. When the swing plunger is switched,
PL
oil discharged from pump PR preferentially
Orifice a PR
flows into swing motor which is positioned
upstream.
Thus, simultaneous operation of swing and SW
straight travel is made possible as oil from BM
pump PL is fed to swing and oil from pump AM
PR is fed to right travel(TR) and left travel
BKT
(TL). Left parallel
OPT feed passage
The orifice at the upstream of the parallel
feed passage sends surplus oil of swing to TR
TL
right and left travel(TL, TR) to avoid abrupt
change of the vehicle speed.
The basic operation is same with swing
even in the case of other actuators on upper
frame of machine during straight travel.
p
AL1 BL1
Pi
Py1
PL p PR
bl1 Px1
BR3 AR3
Px1 Py1
SW
SW
br3
AM BM
OPT BKT TR
AL4 BL4
TL TR
bl4
Manifold
assembly
TL
Travel straight valve
36072MC06
2-27
(2) Arm flow summation circuit
・ Arm out operation
Oil from pump PL is fed into cylinder port
P1 P2
BL2 by adding pressure to arm plunger p
pilot port bl2.
Oil from pump PR flows into the center
bypass valve assembly via the center
FL FR
bypass passage. Since the same pilot
pressure of the arm plunger pilot port is
applied to the pilot signal port of the PL
center bypass valve assembly, the PR
center bypass spool is switched;pushing
up the arm flow summation check valve SW
in the manifold through center bypass
BM
passage of RH travel section. Oil flows
AM
into the high pressure feed passage, and
joins to the flow from the pump PL. BKT
・ Arm in operation is same as above, OPT
summing the flow of the PL pump.(Pilot TR
signal pressure is applied a port.) TL
a
PL PR
AM BM
AL2
TR
OPT BKT
TL TR bl2
Manifold
assembly
AM
Arm flow summation
check valve
36072MC07
2-28
(3) Boom up flow summation circuit
TR
TL
PL PR
AR1
SW br1
SW
AM BM
BM
OPT BKT
Manifold
TL TR assembly
Logic valve
36072MC08
2-29
2) OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL VALVE
C2
C1
Pilot port a
Pilot port b
Spring
Tank passage Center bypass Tank passage
High pressure
feed passage
360SMCV10
In neutral, spring sets the plunger at the neutral position; the high pressure feed passage is shut
off by the plunger; oil from the pump flows through the center bypass.
2-30
② Operation of plunger
C2
C1
Pilot port a
Pilot port b
Spring
Tank passage Center bypass Tank
High pressure passage
feed passage
360SMCV11
When actuated(pressure is applied to pilot port a), the plunger moves to the left; the center
bypass is shut off; oil from the center bypass pushes up the check valve C1 and flows into
cylinder port A via the high pressure feed passage. Meanwhile, oil from the parallel feed
passage pushes down check valve C2 and flows into cylinder port A via the high pressure feed
passage.
The return oil from cylinder port B flows into the tank via the tank passage.
※ Reversed when pressure is applied to pilot port b.
2-31
(2) Foot relief valve operation
① fp is lower than spring force
Spring B Orifice C
Poppet A
Pressure signal
sent out to pump
Tank passage
360SMCV17(1)
Hydraulic oil from the center bypass passage flows into the tank via orifice(C) of poppet(A).
Pressure fp generated by orifice(C) is led to the pump, to control the pump delivery flow.
Spring B
Poppet A
360SMCV17(2)
If a large amount flows due to delayed pump response, etc., and pressure fp reaches the preset
spring(B) force, then the poppet(A) is lifted and functions as a relief valve.
2-32
(3) Logic check valve operation
① Boom down or neutral
When boom up pilot pressure is not supplied.
Check C
From 4 spool
side valve(Pa)
b d2
Z d1
Tank passage
360SMCV23(1)
If Pa > Pb
Check valve (C) is seated by area d1 > d2 and passage from a to b is blocked.
If Pa < Pb
Passage from b to a is blocked by the check valve (C).
2-33
② Boom up
When boom up pilot pressure is supplied.
Piston (A) moves to right; passage (1) is shut off from passage (2).
Check C
From 4 spool
side valve(Pa)
b d2
Z d1
Tank passage
When Pa > Pb
360SMCV23(2)
When Pa > Pb
Check valve (C) is lifted as the shown position; oil flows through from a to b.
When Pa < Pb
Passage from b to a is blocked by the check valve (C), because d1 > d2 .
2-34
(4) Main relief valve operation
① High pressure setting pilot signal : OFF
Piston (D) is seated to the right by spring (C) force.
Pilot poppet B
Main poppet A
Spring C
Piston D
d1
d2
1
Pilot signal : OFF
Tank passage 2 3 5 4
360SMCV12(1)
This relief valve is built-in between the pump port side (1) and tank passage.
Hydraulic oil from the pump port side enters chamber (3) via orifice (2) of poppet (A). Because
d1 >d2, poppets (A) is securely seated.
Pilot poppet B
Main poppet A
Spring C
Piston D
To tank passage
2 3 5 4
360SMCV12(2)
When hydraulic oil reaches the pressure preset by spring (C), pilot poppet (B) opens; oil flows
around pilot poppet (B) and into the tank passage via side hole (4) and passage (5).
2-35
Main poppet A
d1
d2
To tank passage
2 3
360SMCV13(1)
When the above oil flow is formed, pressure drops before and behind orifice (2); when pressure
of chamber (1) x area d2 is larger than pressure of chamber (3) x area d1, main poppet (A) is
lifted and hydraulic oil flows into the tank passage.
Spring C
Piston D
Pilot signal : ON
To tank passage
360SMCV13(2)
2-36
(5) Overload relief valve operation
① Overload working operation
Main poppet B
Piston A Cylinder port
Pilot poppet C
(Front end orifice) (Front end orifice)
d2 d1
Spring D
Hydraulic oil from cylinder port enters chamber (2) via orifice of piston (A). Because d1 >d2, main
poppet (B) is securely seated.
Poppet B
Piston A Cylinder port
(Front end orifice) Pilot poppet C
(Front end orifice)
Spring D
When hydraulic pressure reaches the preset force of spring (D), pilot poppet (C) opens; oil flows
around poppet (C) and into the tank passage via side hole and passage (E).
2-37
Main poppet B
Piston A Cylinder port
(Front end orifice) Pilot poppet C
(Front end orifice)
Spring D
Oil flow is formed; pressure drops before and behind orifice of piston (A); piston (A) moves to
right and seats at the tip of pilot poppet (C).
Hydraulic oil from chamber (1) flows into the tank passage via orifice of piston (A) and pilot
poppet (C), side hole and passage (E).
Main poppet B
Piston A Cylinder port
(Front end orifice) Pilot poppet C
(Front end orifice)
Spring D
Pressure drops before and behind orifice of pilot poppet (C), making pressure of chamber
(1)>pressure of chamber (2); poppet (B) is lifted and hydraulic oil flows into the tank passage.
2-38
② Make up operation
Main poppet B
To cylinder port
d2 d1
Poppet (B) is securely seated because the cylinder port pressure is normally higher than the tank
pressure and d1 > d2.
When the cylinder port pressure drops(closer to negative pressure) until the cylinder port
pressure is lower than the tank pressure, poppet (B) opens receiving the tank pressure for the
difference in area between d1 and d2; oil flows from the tank passage to the cylinder port in order
to prevent cavitation.
2-39
(6) Arm regeneration circuit
① Arm in operation
36072MC11
When pressure is applied to pilot port al2 of the arm plunger, the plunger moves to right as
shown; the center bypass passage is shut off; oil from the center bypass pushes up check valve
(C1) and flows into cylinder bottom port via the high pressure feed passage.
② PA is lower than PB
(PB)
BL2
(PA)
AL2
C2
C1
al2
36072MC12
Return oil from cylinder rod side pushes up check valve (C2) in the plunger; it flows into cylinder
bottom side after returning to the high pressure feed passage.
2-40
③ PA is higher than PB
(PB)
BL2
(PA)
AL2
C2
C1
al2
36072MC13
The check (C2) is seated by the pressure (PA) of cylinder bottom side, the return oil from cylinder
rod side flows into the tank passage.
2-41
(7) Boom load holding valve operation
① When the plunger is in neutral (3Pi pilot signal : OFF)
5
Check D
Poppet C 6
Poppet E
Piston B
1
d1
2(Pc) 4
Y
To boom
3(Pv) bottom
Px2 d2
dr 7 Boom plunger
3Pi Piston A
VIEW Z
High pressure feed passage
Tank passage
36072MC14
The piston(A) is in the status as shown and the passage from pilot signal(Px2) to chamber(Y) is
blocked.
Therefore, piston (B) and poppet (C) are in the status as shown; passages (5) and (6) are shut
off by poppet (C).
Therefore, the pressure of chamber (1) becomes PC as it is connected with chamber (2) via
orifice (4). Since d1 >d2, check (D) is seated, chambers (2) and (3) are completely blocked.
2-42
② When the plunger is operated (3Pi pilot signal : OFF)
A. When PC is lower than PV (in the case of Boom UP)
5
Check D
Poppet C 6
Poppet E
Piston B
1
d1
4
2(Pc)
Y
To boom
3(Pv) bottom
Px2 d2
dr 7 Boom plunger
3Pi Piston A
VIEW Z
High pressure feed passage
Tank passage
36072MC15
Because check valve (D) is seated, passages (6) and (7) are shut off. Therefore, the pressure of
chamber (1) becomes PC as it is connected to chamber (2) via orifice (4); poppet (E) is pushed
up; oil from high pressure feed passage flows into the cylinder port.
2-43
③ When the plunger is operated (3Pi pilot signal : ON)
B. When PC is higher than PV (In case of Boom down)
36072MC16
The piston(A) moves up and then the pilot passage(Px2) and chamber(Y) are connected.
Therefore, piston (B) moves to right; poppet (C) opens; passages (5) and (6) are connected.
If pressure PC of cylinder port chamber (2) is higher than pressure PV of chamber (3), oil from
chamber (1) pushes up check valve (D) via passages (5) and (6) and enters chamber (3) through
passage (7). Chamber (3) is connected with the tank passage because the boom plunger is
moved to left. Therefore, pressure PC is applied to (area d1 - area d2), pushing up check (E),
and oil from the cylinder port flows into the tank passage.
2-44
(8) Boom priority valve operation
① When swing is operated only (4Pc pilot signal : OFF)
A. When Po is lower than Ph
Check 4
4Pc
Pilot signal From P port
(Po)
The piston(1) and (2) are in the position as shown by the spring (A) force, and the poppet(3) and
the check(4) are seated to hold the pressure of Ph.
36072MC18
Oil from the P port pushes up the poppet(3) and the check(4), and flows into the high pressure
feed passage connecting to the cylinder port.
2-45
② Combined swing and boom up operation(4Pc pilot signal : ON)
36072MC19
As the poppet(3) is forced to the body by the piston(1) and (2), oil from the P port pushes up the
check(4) and flows into the high pressure feed passage of the swing through the orifice put on
the poppet(3). Then oil from P port flows into the boom section prior to the swing section.
2-46
(9) Arm load holding valve operation
① When the plunger is in neutral (4Pi pilot signal : OFF)
36072MC21
The spool(A) is in the status as shown. The passage from the chamber(1) to the drain port(dr2)
is shut off by the spool(A). Therefore, the pressure of the chamber(1) is same to the pressure of
Arm cylinder(rod); (equals to Pc), as it is connected with the core(2) through the orifice(4) of the
main poppet(B).
Since d1>d2, the main poppet(B) is seated and the core(2) and (3) are completely blocked.
2-47
② When the plunger is operated
A. When PC is lower than PV (in the case of Arm OUT, 4Pi pilot signal : OFF)
36072MC22
The pressure of the chamber(1) is same to the pressure of Arm cylinder(rod); (equals to Pc), as it
is connected with the core(2) through the orifice(4).
The main poppet(B) is pushed up and oil from the high pressure feed line flows into the Arm
cylinder port.
2-48
B. When PC is higher than PV (In case of Arm in, 4Pi pilot signal : ON)
36072MC23
The spool(A) is switched by the pilot pressure, the chamber(1) is connected to the drain port(dr2).
Then the pressure of the chamber(1) comes to lower than that of the core(2), and the pressure of
the core(2) acts on the differential area(d1-d2) to push up the main poppet(B).
Return oil from Arm cylinder flows into the tank passage through the core(3) and around the main
plunger.
2-49