Grade Xll

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Shiksha Sadan, 17, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi-110002
 Dedicated to:

Sh. Pramod Kumar T.K.

(15th April 1971 to 25th May 2021)
Joint Secretary (Academics)
Central Board of Secondary Education

You will always be in our memories...

 Class Xll

Student Support Material

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Shiksha Sadan, 17, Rouse Avenue, New Delhi-110002
Applied Mathematics- Class Xll
Student Support Material

Price: Unpriced e-Publication

First Edition: July 2021, CBSE, Delhi

“This material or part there of may not be reproduced by any person or agency in any manner.”

Published by:
Central Board of Secondary Education,
Academic Unit, Shiksha Sadan,
17, Rouse Avenue,
New Delhi-110002

Design & Layout: Anand Book Binding House-1042/A-2,

New Chand Mohalla Raghubarpura No-1, Gandhi Nagar, Delhi-110031
Mbl.: 9891110888
 H
k
k
jrd
k
laf
o
/k
u
m
í
sf
'
kd
k
g e]H
k
k
jrdsyk
sx ]H k
k
j rdks, d lEiw.
k Z1
i zH
k
qRo
& l ai
U
u l ek
tok
nhiaF
k
f
uji
s{
kyk
sd r
a=
k
k
Redx.
k
j
kT
; cuk
usd
sfy
,]
r F
kk
m
l
dsl eL
ruk
xf
jdksa dk
s%
lk
e k
ft d ]v
k f F k
Zd v k
Sj j k
t uSf
rd U
;k;
]
f
op k
j ]v f
Hk
O; fDr ] f
o 'o k
l ] /
e Z
v k
Sjm i kl
u k dh L
ora=
k
r k
]
i
zfr"B k vkSjv o l j
d h l e
rk
i
zk
I rd jkusdsf y ,
r
Fk k
mu l ce sa O ; f
D r d h x
f j
e k
2
v k
Sjjk "V
ªd h
, d r
kv kSjv[k
aMr
k
lqf
u f
' p rd j uso kyhca/qr
kc<+k
u
sdsf
y,
n`<
+l
ad
Yi g
k
sdj vi us bl l af
o/ ku e
sa v kt r k
j h[
k26 u
oEcj]19
49 b
Zñ
d k
s ,r
n~}
k
j
kbllaf
o/
ku d
k
s v
ax
h
o`Q
r
]
v
f
/f
u ;f
ervk
Sj
vkRe k
f
i Zr djr
sg SaA
1
-l
af
o/
ku
(c
;
k
yh
lo
kal
a'
k
k
s/
u)
v
f/
f
u;
e]
19
76
dk
s/
kj
k
2}k
j
k(3
-
1
-1
97
7
)l
s¶
i
zH
k
qR
o
&lai
U
uyk
sd
ra=
k
k
rdx
.
k
j
kT
;¸
dsL
F
k
ku
ij
izf
r
LFk
k
fi
rA
2
-l
af
o/
ku
(c
;
k
yh
lo
kal
a'
k
k
s/
u)
v
f/
f
u;
e]
19
76
dk
s/
kj
k
2}k
j
k(3
-
1
-1
97
7
)l
s¶
j
k
"
Vªd
h
,dr
k
¸dsL
F
k
ku
ij
izf
r
LFk
k
fi
rA

H
k
k
x4d
e
wy
d
Ùk
ZO
;
5
1
d-e wy d Ù k
ZO;µ Hk kj
r d si zR ; sd uk x f j d d k ; g d Ùk ZO ; g
k
sx k f
d o
g µ
(
d
) l af
o / k
u d k
i k
y u d j sv kSj ml d sv k
n'kk s±] l aLF k
k v k sa] jk"
Vªè ot v
kSjjk"V ªx k
u dkv k
n jd j sa_
(
[
k
) L
o r a=k
r kd sf
y , g
e k
j sj k
"V ªh; v kan ksy ud k
sizsf jr d j u sok
y k mP pv k
n' k ks± d
ksg
`n; e sa latks, j[k
sv kSj mu
d k
i k
yud js%
(
x
) H
k kjr d h i zH
kqr k
] ,d r k v k Sj v [ k
aM r k dh j { k
k d j sv kSj ml sv {kq..
k j
[ks_
(
?
k
) n
s' k d h j {kkd jsv k Sj v kg ~o k u fd , t k
u si j j k"Vªd h l so
k d j
s_
(
Ä
) H
k kjr d sl Hk
h y ksx
k sa e sa l e j l r kv kSj le ku H
k zk
r`R
o d hHk
ko u kd k
fu ek
Z. k djstk
s/ e
Z] H
k k
"
k k vk
Sjizn
s' k
;ko x
Zijvk/k f
jr
l H k
h H
ksn
H kko lsi j
sg k sa] , sl h izFkk
v k sa d k R; kx d j st ksf L =
k
; ksa dsl E
e k
u d sf o
# ¼ g Sa_
(
p
) g e kj h
l ke k f
t d l
aL o`Q fr d hx k
Sjo ' k kyh i jai j kd ke g Ùo l e> svkSj
m l d k
i f
j{k. k
d js_
(
N
) i zk o`Q fr
d i ;k Zo
j . k d h f t l d sv ar x Zro u ] > h
y ] u n h ] vkSj oU
; t h
o g Sa] j
{
kkd jsv kSjml d
k lao/ Zud jsr
F k
ki
zk
.k
he k
=k
d si zf
r n ;k H
k k o j [k s_
(
t
) o SK kf u
d n`f"
V dks.k
] e ku o o k n v k Sj K k
uk
t Zu r F k
k l q/ k j d
h H k
k
o u k
d kfo d k
l djs_
(
>
) l ko Zt f
u d l aif
Ù k d k
sl qj
f{ kr j [k sv k Sj
fg al kl snwj j g s_
(
×
k
) O
; fD r
x r v k
Sj l kewf g
d x f r f
o f
/ ; k sa l sL kH kh{ k
s=
kksa esa m Rd"k Zd h vk
sj c< +u sd k lrr iz; k
l d j
sftl l sj
k"
Vªfu
jar
jc<+r
sgq,
iz; Ru v kSj mi yf C/ d h u b Zmap kb Z; k sa d k
sN wy s_
1
(
V
);
fne
krk
&f
ir
k;
kl
aj
{k
d gS]
Ngo
"
k
Zl
sp
k
Sn
go
"
k
Zr
dd
hv
k;
qo
k
ysv
i
u
s]
;F
kk
f
LF
kf
r
]ck
yd;
k
izf
r
ik
Y;d
sf
y,
f
'
k{
kk
dsvol
ji
zn
k
udjsA
1
-l
af
o/
ku
(N
;
k
lh
ok
ala'
k
k
s/
u)
vf
/f
u;
e]
200
2
dh/
kj
k4}
k
j
kizf
r
LFk
k
fi
rk
 THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolve to constitute India into a 1 SOVEREIGN
SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY
ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendent) Act. 1976, sec. 2 for "Sovereign Democratic Republic" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)
2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendent) Act. 1976, sec. 2 for "unity of the Nation" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Chapter IV A

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
ARTICLE 51 A
Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the
National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India
transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices
derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to
have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the
national constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
1
(k) who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the
case may be, ward between age 6 and 14 years.

1. Subs. By the Constitution Sec. 04 (Eighty-Six Amendment) Act, 2002

 Acknowledgements
PATRONS
lSh. Dharmendra Pradhan, Education Minister, Government of India
lSh. Rajkumar Ranjan Singh, Minister of state for education, Government of India
lSmt. Annpurna Devi, Minister of state for education, Government of India
lDr. Subhas Sarkar, Minister of state for education, Government of India
lMs. Anita Karwal, IAS, Secretary Ministry of education, Government of India

ADVISORY BOARD
lSh. Manoj Ahuja, IAS, Chairman, CBSE Delhi
lDr. Joseph Emmanuel, Director (Academic), CBSE, Delhi
lDr. Biswajit Saha, Director (S.E. & Training), CBSE, Delhi

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT TEAM:

lDr. Jyoti Sharma, Professor, CIC, Delhi University, Delhi.
lDr. Chaitanya Kumar Associate Professor, Delhi College of Arts & Commerce, Delhi.
lMs. Shubhangi Srivastava, Assistant Professor Manav Rachna International Institute of
Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana.
lMs. Swarnima Luthra, Principal, ASN Sr. Secondary School, Mayur Vihar, Delhi.
lSh. Rahul Sofat, Lecturer, Air Force Golden Jubilee Institute, Subroto Park, New Delhi.
lMs. Gurpreet Bhatnagar, Ex Faculty (Maths) and CBSE Resource Person
lSh. Ajay Marwaha, HOD (Maths), S.D.Public School, Pitampura.
lSh. Anuj Manchanda, Headmaster, Sri Venkateshwar International School, New Delhi.
lSh. Sanjay Kumar Sinha, PGT, Sanskrirti School, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021
lSh. Anurag, Guest Faculty, CIC, Delhi University, Delhi.
lSh. Arvind Kumar Yadav, PGT, Manikgarh Cement English School, Chandrapur, Maharashtra.
lDr. Dipak M. Choudhari, PGT, Reliance Foundation School, Lodhivali, Maharashtra

CURATOR AND CO-ORDINATOR

lSubhash Chand Garg, Deputy Secretary (Academics), CBSE, Delhi

REVIEW TEAM
lMr. Sanjay Kumar Sinha
lMs. Gurpreet Bhatnagar
lMr. Rahul Sofat
lMs. Nirupama Mahapatra Das
lMs. Surabhi Pandey
lMs. Rama Srinivasan
lMr. Ashwani Kumar Bakshi
lMs. Sangeeta Gulati
 Note to the Users
Mathematical ideas have become more relevant with advances in technology, economy and social
structure. A mathematically skilled workforce is necessary to make informed decisions in their
personal lives, keeping in mind the strong and ever-growing mathematical influence over our lives.
Mathematics skills are essential in all fields be it art, literature or social sciences. This necessitates
the creation of a mathematics curriculum that maps the country's need and spirit by using the rich and
diverse landscape of illuminated mathematical contexts in India.
The present application-centric and problem-driven course of Applied Mathematics has been
developed around key mathematical ideas with potential applications in entrance exams and practical
life.
The course is divided into different units each focusing on numerical, algebraic or stoical
applications. The scope of the course ranges from mathematical applications in the field of finance
(including business and economics), pharmaceutical industry, hospitality and entertainment
industry, advertisement and marketing sector, healthcare services including counselling service,
agricultural sector, government-aided programs such as resources distribution, traffic management
systems including air traffic management, infrastructure development, archaeological studies and
studies on historiography, real-time data analysis and much more. Core mathematical ideas are
presented keeping in mind these contexts.
The course aims to develop mathematical thinking skills by reasoning quantitative; constructing
viable mathematical arguments; constructing new mathematical knowledge using problem-solving
and learning to model with mathematics.
This student support material is divided into different units including a unit on the use of a
spreadsheet for mathematical applications. Sequencing of units is done naturally starting from
Quantification and Numerical applications, Algebraic Thinking, Calculus, Probability, Inferential
statistics, Index Numbers Financial Mathematics and Linear Programming.
Each unit is divided into several sections having discrete exercises. Efforts are made to develop
concepts around meaningful applications to foster inquisitiveness in learners. Teachers are
encouraged to extend/adapt these examples to initiate investigations and stimulating discourse in the
classrooms.
This support material should not be considered a textbook and teachers should avoid teaching the
content as given in this material. It only gives certain directions to approach various topics. Teachers
are advised to use multiple examples from sources such as newspapers, magazines and other online
resources to help students reconcile different approaches to problem-solving and refining
mathematical arguments.
We hope that this book will provide students with a real sense of the application of mathematics in
different spheres of work and life. It is an invitation to reinvent mathematics and empower us to make
more logical and informed decisions in our lives.
We look forward to suggestions from teachers, students and the whole learning community to
make this book more adaptable for the Indian classroom. You may share your feedback to
[email protected].
Contents
Unit 1 Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications 1.1 – 1.36

Unit 2 Algebra 2.1 – 2.56

Unit 3a Differentiation and its Applications 3a.1 – 3a.38

Unit 3b Integration and its Applications 3b.1 – 3b.42

Unit 3c Differential Equations and Modeling 3c.1 – 3c.23

Unit 4 Probability Distributions 4.1 – 4.34

Unit 5 Inferential Statistics 5.1 – 5.18

Unit 6 Index Numbers and Time Based Data 6.1 – 6.31

Unit 7 Financial Mathematics 7.1 – 7.28

Unit 8 Linear Programming Problem 8.1 – 8.24

Unit 9 Practical and Project Work 9.1 – 9.40