Centre Candidate

Surname
Number Number
Other Names 0

GCSE
3420UA0-1 S19-3420UA0-1

FRIDAY, 14 JUNE 2019 – MORNING

PHYSICS – Unit 1:
Electricity, Energy and Waves

HIGHER TIER
1 hour 45 minutes

For Examiner’s use only

Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded

3 420UA01
1. 12

01
2. 8
3. 5
4. 7
5. 7
6. 8
7. 12
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
8. 8
In addition to this paper you will require a calculator and
a ruler. 9. 13
Total 80
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space use the additional
page at the back of the booklet.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
The assessment of the quality of extended response (QER) will take place in question 6(a).

JUN193420UA0101 © WJEC CBAC Ltd. MK*(S19-3420UA0-1)

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Equations
voltage V
current = resistance I=
R

total resistance in a series circuit R = R1 + R 2

total resistance in a parallel circuit 1 = 1 + 1

R R1 R 2
energy transferred = power × time E = Pt

power = voltage × current P = VI

2
power = current × resistance P = I 2R
energy [or power] usefully transferred
% efficiency = × 100
total energy [or power] supplied
mass m
density = ρ=
volume V
units used (kWh) = power (kW) × time (h)
cost = units used × cost per unit

wave speed = wavelength × frequency v = λ f

distance
speed =
time
force F
pressure = p=
area A
p = pressure pV
V = volume
T = constant
T = kelvin temperature
T / K = θ  / °C + 273

change in = mass × specific heat × change in

thermal energy capacity temperature
∆Q = mc∆θ

thermal energy for a = mass × specific latent

Q = mL
change of state heat
force on a conductor (at right = magnetic field × current × length
angles to a magnetic field) strength F = BIl
carrying a current
V1 = voltage across the primary coil
V2 = voltage across the secondary coil V1 N1
=
N1 = number of turns on the primary coil V2 N2
N2 = number of turns on the secondary coil

SI multipliers
Prefix Multiplier Prefix Multiplier
p 1 × 10 –12 k 1 × 103
n 1 × 10 –9 M 1 × 10 6
µ 1 × 10 –6 G 1 × 10 9
m 1 × 10 –3 T 1 × 1012

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Answer all questions.

1. The Welsh Government Warm Homes Scheme, called Nest, aims to make Welsh homes
warmer and more energy efficient places to live. Nest is accessible to all homeowners in Wales
and provides advice on saving energy.

(a) Draughts, floors, windows, walls and the roof are the five ways energy is lost from a
heated house. The pie chart shows the percentages of energy loss by each of the five
ways.

Use the information below to complete the labelling on the pie chart. [3]
One label has been completed already.

• The percentage energy loss through the walls is greatest.

• Windows and draughts have equal percentage energy losses.
• Windows and floor percentage losses add up to equal the percentage loss through
the roof.

...............................................

...............................................

10 %
25 %

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...............................................

15 %

03
15 %

draughts 35 %

...............................................

(b) To reduce energy loss through the roof the Nest Scheme suggests the installation of
fibre-glass insulation in the loft.

(i) Explain how fibre-glass reduces energy loss in the loft by convection. [2]

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(ii) There are strict regulations about the minimum thickness of insulation that must be
installed in the loft of a new house. The graph shows how the required thickness of
loft insulation has changed since 1960.

300
Required thickness of loft insulation (mm)

250

200

150

100

50

0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year

Use information from the graph to tick (√) the three correct statements. [3]

Every five years the required thickness of loft insulation increases.

The required thickness of loft insulation in 2000 is 8 times thicker

than in 1970.

In 1960 houses did not lose any energy through their roof.

A house built in 1980 needs 210 mm of loft insulation added to

bring it up to 2015 standards.

The general trend of the graph indicates that the required thickness
of loft insulation has increased at an increasing rate.

The required thickness of loft insulation will remain constant after

2015.

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(iii) A homeowner must install loft insulation in a new extension. It has a loft area of
120 m2. The insulation must be at least 270 mm thick to meet building regulations.

There is a selection of fibre-glass insulations available.

Insulation 1 Insulation 2 Insulation 3

(270 mm thick) (350 mm thick) (300 mm thick)

Installation cost
3.50 5.55 4.50
(£/m2)

Estimated saving
84 111 98
per year (£)

Payback time
5.0 6.0
(years)

Calculate the payback time if insulation 3 was installed in the 120 m2 extension.
[2]

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Payback time = ............................................... years

(iv) The homeowner considers installing insulation 1 as it is cheapest but the builder
says that insulation 2 should be installed as it will save more money over 40 years.
Explain, with calculations, whether the builder is correct. [2]

12

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2. In class, a teacher demonstrates refraction using a ripple tank. The diagram below shows plane
wavefronts travelling across a boundary between shallow and deep water. The frequency of the
waves remains constant during refraction.

A B deep water

D
C

shallow water

boundary

(a) Using a ruler, students measure the distance between wavefronts A and B. This
measurement is the wavelength of the water waves in deep water. The distance between
wavefronts C and D is measured to obtain their wavelength in the shallow water. The
results are shown below.

Deep water (AB) Shallow water (CD)

Wavelength (mm) 10 5

(i) State how the measurement of wavelength could be improved. [1]

(ii) The wavelength in the deep water is twice the wavelength in the shallow water.
The teacher suggests, “the speed of the wavefronts in shallow water is double the
speed of the wavefronts in the deep water.” Using information provided explain if the
suggestion made by the teacher is correct. [2]

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(b) An endoscope uses optical fibres. It can be used by doctors to produce medical images
of a specific area inside a patient. A bundle of fibres is inserted into the body. Some of the
fibres carry light into the body and others return the light reflected off internal surfaces.
The diagram shows a ray of light passing through part of an optical fibre of an endoscope.

S optical fibre (glass)

ray of light

air

(i) State the name given to the change in direction of the signal at S. [1]

..............................................................................................

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(ii) State the two conditions needed for the ray of light to change direction at S. [2]

07

(iii) Medical images can also be obtained from a computer tomography (CT) scan. This
type of scan uses X-rays targeted at the patient from different positions outside the
body. The information collected is processed by a computer to produce detailed 3D
image segments of the patient.
Explain a disadvantage of using a CT scan to obtain medical information compared
to using an endoscope. [2]

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3. The diagram shows the different waves that make up the electromagnetic (em) spectrum.

Gamma X-rays Ultraviolet Visible light Infra-red Microwaves Radio waves

(a) State in terms of two of their properties why they are arranged in this order from left to
right. [2]

(b) (i) State which em wave can be radiated as energy from the nuclei of radioactive
materials. [1]

..............................................................................................

(ii) State which em wave is used for satellite communications. [1]

..............................................................................................

(c) The energy of X-rays ranges from 2.0 × 10 –14 J to 2.1 × 10 –17 J. Which em wave would
have an energy of 1.5 × 10 –12 J? [1]

..............................................................................................

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4. The following label is attached to a new TV.

ENERG
ENEPſEIA . ENERGIJA
Y
IE
IJA
IA

*
A++
A+
A A
B
C
D
E
.
ENERGIA EHEPſИA
.
ENEPſEIA ENERGIJA
.

181
ENERGY EHERGIE
ENERGI

130 kWh/annum
Watt

164 65
cm inch
2010/1062 . 2017

(a) A few years ago the energy efficiency banding had a range from G up to A. Give a reason
why additional coding, A+ and A++, has recently been added to the banding. [1]

(b) The power of the TV is shown as 130 W. The TV manufacturer estimates that, on average,
the TV will use 181 kWh per year. Using an equation from page 2, calculate the mean
number of hours it is used per day. There are 365 days in a year. [4]

Mean number of hours used per day = ...............................................

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(c) Smart meters are a new kind of energy meter. As part of the government’s plan to update
the U.K.’s energy system they would like all homes to have Smart meters fitted by the end
of 2020. Here is a screenshot of the Smart meter display used on a promotional leaflet.

£3.92

Used so far today: 77.8 kWh

Use an equation from page 2 to calculate the cost in pence of each kWh based on this
display. [2]

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Cost of kWh = ............................................... p

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5. In an experiment a 16 Ω, 12 Ω and 6 Ω resistor are connected as shown.

12 Ω 16 Ω

6 Ω

(a) Use equations from page 2 to calculate the total resistance of the circuit. [3]

Total resistance = ............................................... Ω

(b) A brand new battery is used in the circuit. The manufacturer states that the new battery
can transfer a maximum of 75.6 kJ of energy. The current from the battery is measured
as 1.5 A.

Use the equation:

P = I 2R

and another equation from page 2, to calculate the time in minutes the battery will last in
this circuit. [4]

Time = ............................................... minutes

7

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Examiner
6. Earthquake monitoring stations can detect P and S waves from earthquakes. A seismic trace only
contains information about times of arrival for each wave type.

(a) The diagram shows some paths taken by seismic waves travelling from an earthquake
at X. There are three seismic monitoring stations: A, B and C.
X
mantle

molten outer core A

inner core B

Compare the seismic traces obtained at A, B and C, explaining any similarities and any
differences. [6 QER]

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(b) S waves are transverse waves and P waves are longitudinal waves. Describe the
difference between transverse and longitudinal waves. [2]

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7. Apparatus is set up in a laboratory to investigate the force exerted by a current-carrying wire
when it is placed in a uniform magnetic field. A magnet is placed on a digital balance and a
current-carrying wire is placed between its magnetic poles.

I I

I clamp A

S
I
I
N
current-carrying wire
inside a narrow glass
tube

ON
OFF 4.5 g digital balance

(a) To prevent the current-carrying wire moving during the experiment it is contained in a
narrow glass tube that is clamped. A pupil predicts that the current-carrying wire would
move upwards if it had not been contained in the narrow glass tube.
Explain whether the pupil is correct. [3]

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(b) When no current flows through the wire the digital balance is adjusted to read zero.
The mass reading displayed on the digital balance is converted to a force, in newtons,
using Graph 1.

Mass (g) Graph 1

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0 20 40 60 80
Force (× 10 –3 N)

The current through the wire is varied and the readings of force calculated.
The data is plotted on the grid below and a best fit straight line is drawn.

Force (× 10 –3 N) Graph 2

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Current (A)

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(i) During the experiment a reading of 4.0 g is displayed on the digital balance. Use the
graphs opposite to complete the table. [2]

Mass Force Current

(g) (N) (A)

4.0
............................................... ...............................................

(ii) Describe the relationship between current and force. [2]

(iii) A student correctly states that the line on Graph 2 must obey the equation of a
straight line: y = mx + c. Comparing this with F = BIl and, given that force is plotted
on the y-axis, identify the quantities that represent the gradient and the intercept.
[2]

Gradient = ..............................................................................................

Intercept = ..............................................................................................

(iv) The length of wire contained in the magnetic field, B, is 5.0 cm. Use information
from Graph 2 to calculate the magnetic field strength of the magnet used in the
experiment. [3]

Magnetic field strength, B = .............................................................................................. T

12

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8. Abigail carries out an investigation to compare the input power and output power of a transformer.
Data is collected at different input voltages and displayed on a graph.

Power (W)

200

180 Input power

160

140

120

100
Output power
80

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Input voltage (V)

(a) Abigail concludes that as the input voltage increases the transformer becomes less
efficient. Use information on the graph to explain whether you agree or disagree with her.
[2]

(b) Use an equation from page 2 to calculate the current supplied to the input coil of the
transformer at 100 V. [2]

Current = ............................................... A

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(c) Explain the purpose of the laminations in the soft iron core in a transformer. [2]

(d) Explain the advantage of using high voltages for the transmission of electricity in the
National Grid. [2]

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9. In a class experiment the volume of a fixed mass of air changes when it is heated.

Thermometer

Plunger

25

20

15 Syringe
Water
10
Trapped air
5
cm3
0

Heat

The air is trapped in a syringe which has been sealed at one end but the plunger at the other
end is free to move in or out. The maximum volume the syringe can measure is 25.0 cm3. The
volume of trapped air in the syringe is measured as the temperature of the water is increased.
The results are shown in the table below.

Temperature (°C) Volume of trapped air (cm3)

10 19.5

30 21.0

50 22.5

60 23.0

80 24.5

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Examiner
(a) Plot the data on the grid below and draw a suitable line. only
(Note that the scale on the volume axis does not start at zero.) [3]
Volume of trapped air (cm3)

18.0
0 Temperature (°C)

(b) Explain, using your graph, whether the students can take a volume reading from the
syringe at 100 °C. [2]

QUESTION CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

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(c) Explain how, if at all, the density of the trapped air changes as it is heated. [2]

(d) Explain, in terms of the motion of molecules, why the volume of the trapped air increases
as the temperature increases. [2]

(e) The data in the table shows when the temperature increases from 10 °C to 60 °C the
volume of trapped air increases from 19.5 cm3 to 23.0 cm3. Using only this information,
calculate the temperature, in °C, at which the volume of the trapped air is zero. [3]

Temperature = ............................................... °C

(f) State the name given to the temperature when the volume is zero. [1]

13

END OF PAPER

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Question Additional page, if required. Examiner

number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin. only

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