Parma Eldalamberon: Sindarin Corpus

Parma Eldalamberon 17
Sindarin Corpus
By David Giraudeau
Version 1.0 (February 15, 2011)
http://lambenore.free.fr
Parma Eldalamberon 17 – Sindarin Corpus
Introduction
The aim of this document is to give a synthetic view of the Sindarin corpus in Parma Eldalamberon 17 (PE17).
It was not designed to substitute itself to PE17. This document must be read together with PE17.
Availability
The following statements come from Hiswelókë’s Sindarin dictionary 1 , with the kind permission of
Didier Willis.
Status: free.
License: This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share-Alike License, version 3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
Additional limitation of scope: Sindarin, as one of the languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, is his artistic
and intellectual property. The editor does not claim any intellectual property on the Sindarin language itself
and, as a whole, on this lexicon, beyond the editorial annotations, the arrangement of entries and the
interpretations appended to these entries. The above-mentioned license applies to such elements only.
J.R.R. Tolkien’s texts and books are copyrighted by the Tolkien Estate and/or Tolkien’s publishers. As of
yet, this material is not approved by the Tolkien Estate or Tolkien’s publishers, and is henceforth an
unauthorized Sindarin lexicon. This material is however provided under the editor's assumption that
compiling, arranging, analyzing, standardizing and annotating entries in order to produce a lexicon for a
language, even if it is an invented one, does not violate the copyright of the inventor.
Shall any third party include this material in a derived work, under the above-mentioned license or under any
other applicable license, the editor will not be liable for possible infringement of copyright on the derived
work. Every derived use of this material is left under the sole responsability of the third party.
Notwithstanding, this material is neither a verbatim reproduction of information from Tolkien’s
published works, nor a simple rearrangement of such information in a different order. Many entries are
deduced from indirect evidences (such as compounds, inflected forms, etc.). As a consequence, some
deductions might actually prove incorrect or inaccurate when new information is published.
1 <http://www.jrrvf.com/hisweloke/sindar/online/sindar/dict-sd-en.html#>.
1
Abbreviations
 see also n. noun

* Tolkien hypothetical form Nand. Nandorin
# deduced form numb. number
< came from O.E. Old English
> evolved in O.Q. Old Quenya
<< replaced Orn. Ornithology
>> was replaced by O.S. Old Sindarin
1, 2, 3 word functions ord. ordinal
1a, 1b word senses pa.t. past tense
1st first (person) part. participle
2nd second (person) pl. plural
3rd third (person) pl1. particular plural
xxxx rejected entry pl2. general or collective plural
adj. adjective, adjectival Poet. Poetic
art. article poss. possessive
adv. adverb pp. past participle
Astron. Astronomy P.Q. Primitive Quendian
B.S. Black Speech pref. prefix
Bot. Botanic prep. preposition
C.E. Common Eldarin pres. present
card. cardinal prob. probably
dem. demonstrative pron. pronoun
du. dual prop. proper
Dw. Dwarvish Q. Quenya
e.g. Latin exempli gratia ‘for example’ R. Rohanese
esp. especially S. Sindarin
excl. exclusive sc. Latin scilicet ‘namely’
fem. feminine sg. singular
fut. future soft mut. soft mutation (lenition)
incl. inclusive suff. suffix
interj. interjection T. Telerin
intr. intransitive theon. theonym
Ling. Linguistics topon. toponym
lit. literally trans. transitive
LotR The Lord of the Rings v. verb
masc. masculine Zoo. Zoology
Standardization
{k} k>c
{ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ} ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ > a, e, i, o, u
{ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, y#} ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, y# > á, é, í, ó, ú
{þ} þ > th
{ð} ð > dh
{đ} đ > dh
Entry
WOR STA FUN
adh 1a {ð}[< O.S. ath] conj. and. It was not mutated before vowels. [PE17:41]  a
ORD ETY GLO NOT REF
WOR : the word presented in the entry. It is crossed out when rejected by Tolkien.
ORD : the entry order, according to the function (1, 2, 3 etc.) and the sense of the word (1a, 1b, etc.).
STA : the standardization applied to the entry in order to achieve some consistency.
ETY : the etymology. Note : some words in different pages can have the same etymology and (nearly) the
same glose. In those cases, words were merged into one entry. A different etymology for the same
word (with same function and/or glose) was considered as a separate entry.
FUN : the function of the word. The function can be followed by the lexical field of the word, e.g. Poet.,
Astron., Bot. etc.
GLO : the glose.
NOT : notes or observations, from J.R.R. Tolkien or from other sources.
REF : the bibliographical reference.
A
a 1a [< ad(a)] conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! ‘Say friend and enter’. Q. ar. [PE17:41]
a 1b [-] conj. and. Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. [PE17:102]  ad, ada, adh
a 1c [< ADA beside, alongside, by] conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145. [PE17:145]
a 2 [-] interj. o. A Elbereth Gilthoniel ‘O Elbereth Who lit the Stars’.[PE17:20]
-a 1, pl1. -ion [< sg. ō pl. (ia < later iōn <) iōm] gen. suff. [PE17:97]  maewia, maewion, geledhion
-a 2, pl1. -on [-] poss. suff. [PE17:97]  heryna
ach [< aks < AKAS] n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat).
‘geographical’ form achad. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. [PE17:92] achad
achad 1a [< aks < AKAS] n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat).
This is a ‘geographical’ form, S. ach. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. [PE17:92] ach, Achad Tarlang
achad 1b [< AKAS ridge, esp. Serrated, of rocks, etc.] n. neck (esp. referring to the bony structure, extension of the spine).
achad << achas. Q. axo. [PE17:146]
Achad Tarlang [-] topon. The long narrow ‘col’ or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon
from the plain of Erech. It is not certain whether this was named after some ancient man with the Sindarin name
Tarlang (‘stiff-neck’, sc. ‘proud’) or was due to the obsolescence of Tarlang ‘the stiff, tough passage’ to which S. ached
had been prefixed in explanation, so that Achad Tarlang ‘the crossing called Tarlang’ was interpreted as ‘Tarlang’s
Neck’. The neck was not the name of the passage but of the lower, narrower ridge (crossed by the road) between
the main mountains, and the mountainous region at southern end of the spur. [PE17:92] achad, lang
achar- [< AT ‘back’, an action by another agent in return to a previous action + ?] v. do back, react; requite; avenge. Q. akkar
or ahtar. Tôl achar ‘vengeance is coming’. [PE17:166]
achared [< AK of hostile return] n. vengeance. [PE17:167]
acharn [< AK of hostile return] n. (an act of) vengeance. [PE17:167]
ad [-] conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. [PE17:102]  a, ada, adh
adh 1a {ð}[< O.S. ath] conj. and. It was not mutated before vowels. [PE17:41]  a
adh 1b {ð}[-] conj. and. Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. [PE17:102]  a, ad, ada
adh 1c {ð}[< ADA beside, alongside, by] conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145. [PE17:145]
ada [-] conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. [PE17:102]  a, ad, adh
adhag {ð}[-] [PE17:131]
Adan, pl1. Edain [-] n. ‘the Second’, the Second Kindred, the Men. It was a loan from Q. Atan, pl1. Atani. For a long
time, this word therefore referred only to the three “houses” or kindreds of the “Elf-friends” and always tended to
refer primarily to them. ónen i·Estel Edain ‘I gave the “Hope” (to) Men’. [PE17:18:89:101:117:127]
adhanc {ð}[-] [PE17:131]
adharch {ð}[-] [PE17:131]
adbed [< ATA + ?] rephrase. [PE17:167]
advir [< ? + MĬR precious] n. ‘heirloom’. Q. atamir. [PE17:165]  mîr

aear [-] n. Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Q. ear. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. ‘beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great
Sea’. [PE17:20-1:27]  gaear, gaer
aearon [-] n. ocean. Augmentative form of aear Sea. Q. earon, airon. nef aear, sí nef aearon lit. ‘beyond the Sea, here beyond
the Great Sea’. [PE17:20-1:27]  aear
aeredhil {ð}[-] [PE17:140]
Aerel, pl1. Aeril [-] [PE17:140-1]
Aeriel [-] [PE17:140]
af- [prob. < ABA] pref. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative. Also av- and adverbial form avo. [PE17:143]  av-,
avo
agarfant [< KARAP] v. pa.t. of carfa talked, spoke, used tongue. agarfant << carfant (agramp). [PE17:126]  carfa
agarfast [< KARAP] v. pa.t. of carfa he talked. [PE17:126]  carfa
aglar 1a [< *aklar- < KALAR < KAL shine] n. brilliance, glory. Q. alkar. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. ‘from Firmament glory of
the stars !’. aglar an|i Pheriannath ‘glory to all the Halflings’. [PE17:20-1:102:105]
aglar 1b [< aklar < KAL light] n. radiance, glory. Q. alkar. [PE17:24]  aglareb
aglareb [< KAL light] adj. glorious, brilliant. Q. alcarin, alcarinqua. [PE17:24]  aglar
ai [-] interj. ‘hail!’, or less formally ‘ha there you are’. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met
!’.[PE17:16]
ailin [< AYA(R) sea + lin] n. a large lake. [PE17:160]
airon [< GAYA Sea] n. Poet. ?ocean, etc. [PE17:149]
al- [-] pref. not. [PE17:101:146]  alfirin
al- [< ALA good, healthy, prosperous, fortunate] pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. [PE17:172]
alaf [< ALAB elm] n. Bot. elm. Q. albe. [PE17:153]
albeth [< ALA good, blessed, fortunate + ?] n. a (word of) good omen. [PE17:146]
alfirin [< al- + pirin(a) < ALA good, blessed, fortunate + PIRI close eyes, blink, wink] n. Bot. ‘not dying’, a flower name.
[PE17:100:146]  al-, firin
alph [-] n. Orn. swan. [PE17:100]
alw, pl. ely [-] adj. wholesome. [PE17:146]
alwed [< ALA good, blessed, fortunate] adj. prosperous, fortunate. [PE17:146]
amar 1a [< *ammar] n. world. [PE17:104]
amar 1b [< Eldarin *ambar(ă) the Settlement] n. Settlement, appointed place; the Earth, the dwelling place or home of
Elves (and Men) appointed by Eru. With the increase of knowledge it often excluded Aman, even before its
removal from the ‘circles of the world’ after the Downfall. Q. ambar. [PE17:105]
amar [< ammar] n. chiefly used later of the inhabited regions of the great land masses not including Aman or Eressea (or
usually even Númenor). [PE17:124]
amarth 1a [< *ambarta < primitive S. *ambar < m•bar] n. fate. Q. umbar. [PE17:104]  Amon Amarth
amarth 1b [< MAR(AT)/MBART doom, fate] n. fate, doom. Q. ambar (ambart-). [PE17:66:114]  Amon Amarth
amarth [< S. ammarth < *mbart-] n. fate, doom. Q. umbar. [PE17:123-4]
amartha- [< *mbartā or *m•bartā to define, decree, destine] v. [PE17:104-5]  amarth
ammarth [< *mbart-] n. fate, doom. ammarth > amarth. [PE17:123-4]

ammen [< S. an for + S. men us] pron. to us, for us. naur an edraith ammen! ‘fire [be] for rescue/saving for us’. annon edhellen
edro hi ammen! ‘Elvish gate open now for us’. [PE17:38:45]  an, men
amon, pl1. emyn [< m•bono < MBŎNO] n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q.
umbo(n). [PE17:15:33:61:93:121] Amon Amarth

Amon Amarth [-] topon. ‘Mount Doom’. [PE17:66:93:104:114]  amarth
Amon Amarth [-] topon. ‘Mount (of) doom’. [PE17:122]  amarth
Amon Dîn [-] topon. [PE17:95]  dîn
Amon Hen [-] topon. [PE17:77]  amon
Amon Lhaw [-] topon. [PE17:62:77]  amon, lheweg
Amon Sûl [-] topon. [PE17:116]
Amroth [-] prop. n. [PE17:51]
amrûn 1 [-] adj. of the uprising, eastern. Q. ambaróna. [PE17:91:122]  rhûn
amrûn 2 [-] n. east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. [PE17:18:122]  rhûn
an 1 [-] poss. art. used with object, e.g. dagnir an Glaurung ‘Slayer of Glaurung’ = he who slew Glaurung. [?preceded article
in form] eni, e.g. mellyn enin Edhellion. [PE17:97]
an 2 [< ana < ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] prep. to, for. naur an edraith ammen! ‘fire [be] for rescue/saving for us’.
aglar an|i Pheriannath ‘glory to all the Halflings’. [PE17:38:102:147]
anann [-] adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann ‘May the Halflings live long’. [PE17:102]
and [-] adj. long. i·arben na megil and ‘The Knight of the Long Sword’. [PE17:12:121:147]  ann
-and, pl1. -end [-] suff. used in place names. [PE17:170]  -iand
andaith [-] n. Ling. Q. andatehta. [PE17:123]
andreth [< ? + REÞ, RES ‘remain in same place’, be unmoved, patient] n. ‘Patience’, long-suffering. [PE17:182]  reth
Anduin [< ANAD long + ?] topon. -. Q. Anduine. [PE17:40]
Anfalas [< ? + PHAL splash] topon. ‘Langstrand’. Q. Andafalasse. [PE17:73:97:135]  falas
angerthas [-] pl. n. [PE17:122]
angol [-] [PE17:131]
Angrenost [-] topon. ‘Iron-enclosure’. O.E. (R.) Isengard. [PE17:32:82]  dol, doll
Angruin [< ? + RUYU blaze (red)] prop. n. ‘Iron Fire’. Tolkien notes “Alter Glaurung > Angruin”. [PE17:183]
anim [-] pron. for myself. úchebin estel anim ‘I don’t keep hope for myself’. [PE17:117]
ann 1 [< ANAD long] adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). [PE17:12:40:121]  and
ann 2 [< annā] n. gift. [PE17:90]
ann- [< P.Q. andā] pref. long and far. Only preserved in certain compounds, owing to competition with ann ‘gift’ and
ann(on) ‘gate’. [PE17:90]
annon, pl1. ennyn [< annō, annon(d)- entrances, approaches < ANA to] n. great door, gate. Q. ando. Ennyn Durin Aran Moria
‘the doors (of) Durin King (of) Moria’. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! ‘Elvish gate open now for us’.
[PE17:25:40:45:87:90]  annon
Annûn [-] n. going-down, esp. sunset, West. Q. Andúne, andū, Hadorian adûn. [PE17:18:64:88:102:121]  dûn, Henneth
Annûn
Anor [< (A)NAR] n. Astron. Sun. Q. anār/anăr. [PE17:30:38:55]  Ithil
-ant [< tek-tā] pron. suff. 3rd person pa.t. ending. Tolkien compares it to Medieval Welsh -as, or modern Welsh -odd
(PE17:43). [PE17:43]  echant, teithant
anta- [< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] v. add to, give. pa.t. ónen (with pron. suff.). [PE17:147]
antha [-] v. pres. of antha- give. [PE17:93]
antha- [-] v. to give. [PE17:93]
anu [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pa.t. he/she went. [PE17:148]  anwen
anwen [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pa.t. & pron. suff. I went. [PE17:148]  anu, gwaen
aphred [< at-kwet < AT ‘back’, an action by another agent in return to a previous action + ?] n. answer. Q. aquet. [PE17:166]
ar- 1a [< ÑAR by] pref. Q. ar-. [PE17:169]
ar- 1b [< S. aran] pref. king. [PE17:113]  ara-, Arathorn
ar- [< ÑAR near, by, beside] pref. Q. ar-. [PE17:169]
ara [-] n. king. [PE17:147]
ara- [< S. aran] pref. king. [PE17:113]  ar-, Arathorn
Aragorn [< Ara(n)gorn] prop. n. ‘Revered King’. [PE17:31:113]  ara-, Arangorn, gorn
Aragorn [-] prop. n. Tolkien proposed that the ending gorn was simply modeled on names such as Arathorn, Celegorn, and
that the [?pure] Sindarin form of this name was Argorn. [PE17:113]
aran, pl1. erain [-] n. ‘high or noble person’, king, chief. [PE17:40:110:147]
Arangorn [-] prop. n. ‘Revered King’. [PE17:31]  Aragorn
Arannor [-] topon. ‘King’s land’, the North kingdom (at first the most important of Elendil’s realms). An older form,
still used in literature, later reduced in Arnor. Q. Arandóre. Another name that soon fell out of general colloquial
use was Arthor na Forlonnas. [PE17:28]  Arthor na Forlonnas
Aranthorn [-] prop. n. ‘Steadfast King’. [PE17:32]  Arangorn
Arathorn [< S. Aran-thorn] prop. n. ‘Steadfast King’. [PE17:113]  ara-, thorn
Arathorn [< aran-thorn < ? + STOR, THOR] prop. n. ‘Steadfast King’. [PE17:113]
Araum [< Arō7mēz < ROM horn noise] theon. Q. Orome. [PE17:138]
Araw 1a [< Áraw < Araúv < Oraúmh < Orō7mē] prop. n. Q. Orome. [PE17:96:153]
Araw 1b [< Orow9 < Orom( < Oromē] prop. n. Q. Orome. See also the etymology Áraw < Aráw < Oráw (PE17:99). [PE17:99]
Araw 1c [< Arō7mēz < ROM horn noise] theon. Q. Orome. [PE17:138]
arben [-] n. knight. Q. arquen. i·arben na megil and ‘The Knight of the Long Sword’. [PE17:147]
Ardor [< ár(a)ndor] topon. ‘kingly, chief land’, the pure Sindarin form of Arnor. [PE17:118]  Arnor
Aredhel {ð}[-] n. ‘Noble-Elf’. Afterwards including also the Exiled Noldor. [PE17:139-41]  edhel, Thinnedhel
Arfin [-] prop. n. Originally Arfin{wë Heru}.[PE17:117]

Argond [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Argorn [-] prop. n. the [?pure] Sindarin form of Aragorn. [PE17:113]
Arnor 1a [-] topon. ‘King’s land’, the North kingdom (at first the most important of Elendil’s realms). Q. Arandóre. A
reduced form of older (and still used in literature especially so) arannor. Arnor is ‘colloquial’ < aranōre = noble land,
with usual loss of second of two short vowels of same quality. Another name that soon fell out of general
colloquial use was Arthor na Forlonnas. [PE17:28]  Arthor na Forlonnas
Arnor 1b [-] topon. Sindarized form of Q. Aranor ‘kingly, chief land’. Pure Sindarin forme Ardor. [PE17:118]  Ardor
arod 1a [-] adj. tall, eminent. Q. aratā. [PE17:39]
arod 1b [< (a)rātā] adj. noble. [PE17:49]  raud
arod 1c [< arāta] adj. #noble. [PE17:147]
arod 1d [< *arāta < RAT tower up] adj. noble. Q. arata. [PE17:186]  raud
Arodreth [< ? + REÞ, RES ‘remain in same place’, be unmoved, patient] prop. n. ‘Noble endurance’. [PE17:182]  arod, reth
arthor [< artaurē] n. realm. [PE17:28]
Arthor na Challonas [-] topon. ‘Realm of the South-harbourage’, older name of Gondor. Q. Turmen Hyallondiéva.
[PE17:28]  Arnor, Arthor na Forlonnas, Forlonnas
Arthor na Forlonnas [-] topon. ‘Realm of the North-harbourage’, another name of Arnor that soon fell out of general
colloquial use. Shorter form Forlonnas. Q. Turmen Follondiéva. [PE17:28]  Arnor, Arthor na Challonas, Forlonnas
Asfaloth [< ast-faloth] prop. n. lit. ‘Sunlit foam’, name of a white horse. The original meaning is uncertain. [PE17:18]  ast,
faloth
ast [-] n. light or heat of sun. [PE17:18]  Asfaloth
astor [< *as’tāră] n. faith, loyalty (not belied). Q. astar. [PE17:183]
Astoreth [-] fem. prop. n. [PE17:183]  astor, -eth
Astoron [-] prop. n. [PE17:183]  astor, -on
-ath [-] pl. suff. group plural embracing all things of the same name, applied to things associated in some arrangement,
or organization. [PE17:25:62]  elenath, ennorath, -rim
athae [< *aþayā < ATH ease, comfort, heal] Q. asea. [PE17:49]  athe, athelas
athe [< *aþayā < ATH ease, comfort, heal] Q. asea. [PE17:49]  athae, athelas
athelas [< S. athae + S. lass leaf] n. Bot. ‘King’s foil’. Q. asea aranion. [PE17:16:49:100]  athae, athe, lass
athra- 1 [-] pref. [PE17:14]  athrabeth athrad, athragardh, athragared
athra- 2 [< aþra < ÞAR] v. to cross (to and fro). [PE17:14]
athra [-] adv. to and fro; cross to and fro (as a river ford). [PE17:14]
athrabeth [-] n. interchange of words, conversation. [PE17:14]
athrad [< aþra < ÞAR] n. ‘crossing’, especially used of fords over rivers. Another name of a pâd. [PE17:14:34]  pâd
athragardh {ð}[-] n. interaction. [PE17:14]
athragared [-] n. interaction. [PE17:14]
aul [< ãlē < agōlēē] [PE17:131]
aur [-] n. Poet. #sunlight, daylight. Q. aure. [PE17:120]
av- [prob. < ABA] pref. negative suffix used with verbs in imperative. Also af- and adverbial form avo. [PE17:143]  af-,
avgaro, avo
avad [ prob. < ABA] n. refusal. [PE17:143]
avam [prob. < ABA + ?] v. & pron. suff. we won’t. Q. vamme. [PE17:143]  avo
avgaro [prob. < ABA + ?] pref. & v. imp. do not do it! [PE17:143]
avo [< ABA] adv. negative adverb used with verbs in imperative, often as prefix (av-, af-). [PE17:143]
avon [prob. < ABA + ?] v. & pron. suff. I won’t. Q. ván, vanye. [PE17:143]  avo
Avon [< Amān < MAN good] topon. ‘Unmarred State’, esp. applied to the ‘unmarred’ western regions, of which Valinor
was part. Q. Aman. [PE17:162]
avras [< BARAS] n. a precipice. [PE17:23]
aw [< ahawv < SAM] v. pa.t. #had. Q. sáme. [PE17:173]  sevin
awn [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pa.t. he/she went. [PE17:148]  anu, anwen
B
baen [< GWAY] adj. fair-haired. Q. waina late vaina blonde, fair of hair. [PE17:155]
bain 1a [< BAN beauty, with implication that it is due to lack of fault or blemish] adj. fair, good, blessed, wholesome,
favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. [PE17:150]  bân
bain 1b [< banya < BAN fair, beautiful] adj. beautiful. Q. vanya. [PE17:165]
bain [ < ƀan fair] adj. good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). [PE17:149]
bain [< GWAN fair, beautiful (properly = white complexion and blonde hair)] adj. fair-haired. Q. vanya. [PE17:154]
bain [< gwenyā < GWEN fair, beautiful (prob. originally fresh, fair, unblemished esp. of beauty of youth)] Q. wenya. [PE17:191]
 bein
bainia [ < ƀan fair] [PE17:149]
Balan, pl1. Belain [-] n. Vala. [PE17:48]
Balannor [-] topon. ‘the Land of the Valar’. Q. Valandor. [PE17:26]
#balar, pl1. belair, pl2. balarwaith, beleriath [-] n. [PE17:139]  belerion, belerieth
balch [< *wal-ka < GWAL be stirred, excited, etc.] adj. fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL
‘have power’. [PE17:154]
Balrog [< BAL powerful, mighty + RUK] n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of ‘māyan’
origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault
uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of “Valar or Maian origin”
(PE17:48). [PE17:48]  raug
bân [< BAN beauty, with implication that it is due to lack of fault or blemish] adj. fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not
dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. [PE17:150]  bain
-bar [< MBAR settle] suff. a region inhabited by a people. Only used in old names. Sindarin usually used -dor instead. Q. -
mar. [PE17:164]  -dor
bar, pl1. bair [< *mbar or mbardă < MBAR settle] n. a house, a single house or dwelling (esp. of the larger and more
permanent sort), a family dwelling. Q. mar (mard-). [PE17:163-4]
bâr [< *mbăr(a)] n. ‘house’, a settled built dwelling of a family, larger or smaller. In true Sindarin, it only denoted a
(small) area in which some group had at last settled more or less permanently. [PE17:109]
barad 1a [< BARAT] n. a great towering building (fort, city, castle), tower. Q. taras, tarminas. [PE17:22:85]  Barad-dûr
barad 1b [< BARAT/BARAD] n. tower. [PE17:65]
barad 1c [< BAR-AT/AD lofty, high] n. tower. Q. marto. [PE17:66]
Barad-dûr [-] topon. #‘Dark Tower’. [PE17:31:85-6]  barad, dûr
baran soft mut. of paran [PE17:86:171]  Dol Baran, paran
bardh {ð}[< *mbar or mbardă < MBAR settle] n. home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in. [PE17:164]
bardor [< bar-ndor] n. ‘home-land, native land’. [PE17:164]
bartham [-] n. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling. Northern Sindarin form of barthan. [PE17:109] 
barthan
barthan [-] n. a large building of masonry used as a dwelling. This word was modelled on Q. Martan (martam-).
Northern Sindarin bartham. [PE17:109]  bartham
bauda- [ prob. < ABA] v. ban, prohibit, refuse. [PE17:143]
baur soft mut. of paur [PE17:42]  Celebrimbor
baw [< BĀ primitive ejaculation accompanied with jerk of head] interj. imperious negative imperative, ‘do not, don’t’. Q. vá.
[PE17:143:145]
bein [< gwenyā < GWEN fair, beautiful (prob. originally fresh, fair, unblemished esp. of beauty of youth)] Q. wenya. [PE17:191]
 bain
belaith [< BEL, MBEL] adj. mighty. Q. melehta. [PE17:115]
Belchur [< BEL, MBEL + ?] prop. n. Q. Melkor, Melkóre. [PE17:115]  Belegûr
beleg [< mbelek < BEL, MBEL] adj. large, great. Q. melek-. [PE17:115]
beleg [-] adj. large, great, big. [PE17:115]
belegaer [< ? + GAYA Sea] n. ocean. [PE17:149]
Belegûr [< BEL, MBEL + ?] prop. n. Q. Melkor, Melkóre. [PE17:115]  Belchur
Beleriand [-] topon. -. [PE17:29]
belerieth [-] fem. n. [PE17:139]  #balar
belerion [-] masc. n. [PE17:139]  #balar
ben [-] [PE17:167]
-ben [< kwenedē] suff. obsolete except in few names. [PE17:141]  pen-
ben- soft mut. of pen- [PE17:34]
Ben-adar ‘father-less’ soft mut. of Pen-adar [PE17:34:167]  Pen-adar
benia- [ < ƀan fair] [PE17:149]
bereth 1a [-] n. spouse, used of one who is queen as spouse of a king. Tolkien notes the parallel with the word queen
“being in origin only an ancient word for wife or woman already in Old English reserved for the King’s wife”.
[PE17:23]
bereth 1b [< *barathī(e) < BARATH] n. feminine personalized form, probably = ‘supreme, sublime, queen’. Q. *Varsi.
[PE17:23]
Bereth [-] prop. n. a form of Elbereth seldom used. [PE17:22]
Bereth (in)-elin [-] prop. n. form of Elbereth if it would have been formed later. Bereth (in)-elin << Bereth-elin. [PE17:176]
Bereth (in)gîl [-] prop. n. form of Elbereth if it would have been formed later. [PE17:176]
Berhael soft mut. of Perhael (e.g. a·Berhael) [PE17:102]  Perhael
berian soft mut. of perian after article i [PE17:66]  perain
beth [-] n. words. [PE17:126]
beth soft mut. of peth [PE17:46]  peth
brand 1 [-] adj. towering; tall and massive. [PE17:22-3:61]  brann
brand 2 [-] n. steeple. [PE17:22:61]  brann
brann [-] adj. towering, tall and massive. [PE17:22-3:61]  brand

brass [< BARAS] n. great cliff. [PE17:23]
brasta- [< BARAS] v. tower up, loom. [PE17:23]
Bregalad [-] prop. n. Bot. ‘quick (lively) tree’, Quickbeam. Tolkien notes that “Quicken or Quickbeam are actual names of
‘rowan’ or ‘mountain-ash’ = German Vogelbeere, Vogelbeerbaum. [PE17:82]
brethil 1a [-] n. Bot. silver birch, an emblem of Elbereth. Because of its association with Elbereth, Elves associated this
tree with stars, and the word was often interpreted as ‘daughter of the Queen’, ‘princess’. [PE17:19:23:82] 
fimbrethil, nimbrethil
brethil 1b [-] n. daughter of the Queen, princess. [PE17:19:82]
Bronwe [< ? + WEG, WEƷ] prop. n. Q. Voronwe. [PE17:190]
Bronweg [< Q. Voronwe] prop. n. [PE17:189]
Bruenwi [< ? + WĒ? WEƷ ‘person’, individual (only used of Elves and Men)] prop. n. Q. Voronwe. [PE17:189]
C
cadhad, pl1. cedhaid, pl2. cadhadrim {ð}[< Dw. khazād] n. Beleriandic Sindarin. [PE17:45]  nogon
cae [-] card. numb. ten. Q. cea. [PE17:95]  caen-, mimp
caen- [-] card. numb. ten. Q. cainen. [PE17:95]  cae, mimp
calad [< GAL] n. light, fire, brightness, shining. [PE17:84]  galad
Caladriel [< Kalatā-rigelle] prop. n. Interpreted or altered to Galadriel to reflect Galadrim. [PE17:50]  Galadriel
calan [-] [PE17:120]
calar [-] n. lamp. [PE17:96]  calardan
calardan, pl1. celerdain [< + TAN make with tools] n. lampwright. Q. calmatan. [PE17:96]  calar
Caledhel {ð}[< edelō] n. probably #‘Light-Elf’. Caleðel << Hareðel << gwenieðel (or gweineðel). [PE17:140]
Calemben [-] n. probably #‘Light-elf’. [PE17:141]
calen (galen) [< GAL] adj. green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
[PE17:77:153]
Caltariel [-] prop. n. [PE17:84]  calad
can [-] card. numb. four. Q. canta. [PE17:95]  canad, leben
canad [-] card. numb. four. Q. canta. [PE17:95]  can, leben
Carach Angren [-] topon. a ravine leading into Udûn. O.E. Isenmouthe. [PE17:32:101]  dol, doll
Caradhras [< S. caran-rass ruddy-horn] topon. ‘Redhorn’, a great mountain tapering upwards. Dw. Baraz-inbar. [PE17:35-6]
caran [-] adj. red, ruddyt. [PE17:36]  Caradhras
Caras (i)Ngelelaidh {ð}[-] topon. pure S. form of Caras Galadon (used by the Silvan Elves of Lórien). [PE17:60]  Caras
Galadon
caras [< CAR make, build] n. built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks. Q. carasse. [PE17:51:84]  Caras Galadon
Caras Galadon [-] topon. not actually related to trees. [PE17:59:84]  carac, galad
cared [-] v. [PE17:68]
carfa [< KARAP] v. talk, speak, use tongue. pa.t. agarfant. [PE17:126]
carweg [-] adj. active; busy. [PE17:144]  -weg
castol 1a [< ? + STOL helmet] n. Q. castol. [PE17:186]  thôl
castol 1b [< ? + ÞOL stand up, ‘top’] n. Q. kastol(o). [PE17:188]  thol
caun, pl1. cónin {ō}[-] n. prince, chief, head. [PE17:102]
celeb [< kelep, kyelep] n. silver. [PE17:36:42:49]  Celebdil, Celebrant, celebrin
Celebdil [< S. celeb silver + till tine, spike, point] topon. ‘Silvertine’, a moutain crowned by a pinnacle. Dw. Zirak-zigil.
[PE17:35-6]  celeb, till
Celeborn [-] prop. n. a kinsman of Thingol. A S. name. [PE17:51:54:59]  celeb, orn
Celebrant [-] topon. Silverlode. It is probable that Dwarves actually found silver in this river. Dw. Kibil-nâla.
[PE17:35:37:49:51]  celeb, -rant
Celebrimbor [<Celebrin-baur silver-fist] prop. n. famous craftman, the Lord of the Elves of Eregion. He was the ruler of
the Elvish realm at the time of the forging of the Rings. Q. Telpinquar, Telperinquar [PE17:42]  celebrin, paur
celebrin [<S. celeb silver] adj. not implying ‘made of silver’ but ‘like silver’ in hue, or worth. Q. #telperin, #telpin. [PE17:42]
 Celebrimbor
Celebrindal [-] prop. n. a title of Idril. [PE17:112]  Idril
Celegorn [< Celegorm] prop. n. Tolkien proposed that it could derive from Celeg(n)gorn. [PE17:112-3]
Celegorn [-] prop. n. ‘Swift-tall’. [PE17:113]
cenedril [-] n. ‘looking-cristal’, looking-glass. [PE17:37]  Nen Cenedril
cer- [-] v. stem see paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
cerin [-] n. [PE17:51:55]
certhas [-] pl. n. [PE17:122]
ci {k}[< kī] pron. thou. Lenited in gī as in mae g(ī)’ ovannen ‘well [art] you met’. [PE17:17]
cidinn [< KIN, KIT] adj. small. Q. cinta. [PE17:157]
cinnog [< KIN, KIT] adj. small. Q. cinta. [PE17:157]
cîr [-] pl1. n. #ships. [PE17:147]
Círdan [-] prop. n. ‘the Shipbuilder’. [PE17:27:108]
cirith [-] n. [PE17:87]
Cirth [-] pl. n. [PE17:122]
cova- [< KOB/KOM gather, collect (bring or come into same place)] v. come together, meet. cova come together, meet <<
cova(d) bring. [PE17:158]
cova- [< KOB, KOM gather, collect, bring to same place/point] weak intr. v. gather, assemble, come to same place, meet.
mae-govannen ‘well met’. [PE17:157]
covad- 1a [< KOB] v. ‘collect’, trans. or intr. ‘assemble, bring together’. pa. t. covant, pp. covannen. [PE17:16]
covad- 1b [< KOB/KOM gather, collect (bring or come into same place)] v. bring together, make meet. [PE17:158]
covannen [< KOB/KOM gather, collect (bring or come into same place)] v. pp. of covad- met, art brought together. Late S.
for covan(n) in mae-govannen ‘well meet’. [PE17:16:158]
craban, pl1. crebain [-] n. a bird of the crow-kind. Not an ancient S. word, and probably a loan from some Mannish
tongue of North-West or from some non-Eldarin elvish of the same region. [PE17:37]
criss [< blend of KIR and RIS] [PE17:87] riss
cû [-] Q. cúma. [PE17:122]
cûf [-] Q. cúma. [PE17:122]
cuio [-] v. imp. live. Cuio i Pheriain anann ‘May the Halflings live long’. [PE17:102]
curu [-] n. craft; applied to all cunning things or [wily?] things, esp. when intended as mysterious or secret. [PE17:83]
Curufin [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
CH
-ch [-] 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -llo. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
chîr mut. of cîr [PE17:147]
chwind [-] n. Bot. ordinary non-mythological word for birch. Q. hwinde. [PE17:23]  brethil, whinn
D
-d 1 [-] 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-d 2 [-] gerund suff. [PE17:132]
dachen [-] [PE17:133]
dad- [< NDĀ( enlarged, NDANA, NDATA, etc. ‘back (again)’] [PE17:166]
dadwen [< NDĀ( enlarged, NDANA, NDATA, etc. ‘back (again)’ + ?] v. return, going/coming back. Q. nanwen-. [PE17:166] 
damen
dae- [< DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable, detestable] pref. [PE17:151]  daebeth
daebeth [< DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable, detestable + ?] n. a blasphemy. [PE17:151]
daedel(os) (ndaedel(os)) [< ndaed(a)el by dissimilation < ndae-ndael + augmentative os < DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable,
detestable] n. horrible fear. [PE17:151]  dael
dael [< DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable, detestable] n. horror. [PE17:151]
daer [< DAY, NDAY dreadful, abominable, detestable] adj. dreadful, horrible, ghastly. [PE17:151]
dail 1a [-] adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya. [PE17:139]
dail 1b [< delya < DEL] adj. lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. [PE17:151]  deil
Dain [-] [PE17:140]
dainedhel {ð}[-] [PE17:141]
dalad [< DAL bottom, ground] n. low lying/flat ground. Tolkien notes “Alter dalath to dalad”. [PE17:150]
damen [< NDAN + ?] v. return. Q. nanwen-. [PE17:166]  dan-
Dan [-] [PE17:140]
dan 1 [-] adv. back to, back (in return) against, down upon, back on. naur dan i-ngaurhoth! #‘fire back to the werewolves’.
[PE17:38]
dan 2 [< NDĀ( enlarged, NDANA, NDATA, etc. ‘back (again)’] [PE17:166]
dan- [< NDAN] pref. Q. nan-. [PE17:166]  damen, dangar

dancen [-] Northern Sindarin. [PE17:133]  dangen
dandol [< NDĀ( enlarged, NDANA, NDATA, etc. ‘back (again)’ + ?] [PE17:166]
Danedhel {ð}[-] [PE17:141]

dangar [< NDAN + ?] v. to undo. Q. nankari-. [PE17:166]  dan-
dangen [< danghen < Western S. daŋχen < dankĭna slain] Western Sindarin. [PE17:133]  dancen
Dann [-] [PE17:140]
danna [DAN-TA] v. fall. Q. lanta-. [PE17:66]
dannir [-] [PE17:141]
Daur [< dāra wise] prop. n. Frodo. [PE17:102]  Perhael
de [-] 2nd sg. polite pron. (to) thee/you. Pure S. form replaced by the Q. borrowing le in the S. used by the Noldor or mixed
peoples. de/dhe remained in use in Doriath and in the Havens. [PE17:26]  dhe
-deid [-] 3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed. [PE17:46]  -deith, -dyn, -ed,
deil 1a [< delya < DĔL] adj. delicate, beautiful and fine, slender. Q. lelya. [PE17:139:151]  dail
deil 1b [< delya < DEL] adj. lovely, beautiful. Q. lelya. [PE17:151]  dail
-deith [-] 3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed. [PE17:46]  -deid, -dyn, -ed,
delch [< delkā] adj. dense. Tolkien seems to consider that it is not a suitable Sindarin form. [PE17:17]
delw [< delwa] adj. thick, of single thing. Tolkien seems to consider that it is not a suitable Sindarin form. [PE17:17]
Deniedhel, pl1. Deiniedhil {ð}[-] n. probably #‘Elf of Dan’. [PE17:140]
dern 1a [-] adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. dernlir. [PE17:46]  gorn
dern 1b [< DER] adj. tough. [PE17:154]  dír-
dern 2, pl2. dernlir [-] n. Dwarf. [PE17:46]  gorn
dev- [< NDEB try] Q. nev-. [PE17:167]
dew soft mut. of tew [PE17:43]  tew
dewin [< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper)] v. aor. & pron. suff. I fail, miss,
etc. [PE17:151]  dýl, dýr, edíw, -n
di [< dē] prep. with. Q. lé. [PE17:95]
di’nguruthos [-] [PE17:87]  guru, thos
dîn [-] n. silence. [PE17:95:98]  Amon Dîn, dínen
dínen [-] adj. silent. [PE17:98]  dîn
dír- [< DER] pref. tough. [PE17:154]  dern, dirbedui
dîr [< dērā < DER] adj. hard, difficult. dērā << dīrā. [PE17:154]  dír-
dirbedui [< DER + ?] adj. hard to utter, difficult to pronounce. [PE17:154]  dír-, gor-, gorbedui
dol [-] n. head (often applied to hills or mountains that had not a sharp apex). [PE17:32:36:173]  -dhol, doll, Dol-fanui, Fanuidhol
Dol Baran [< ? & PAR peel (hence bark, book)] topon. [PE17:36:86:171]  dol, paran
Dol Guldur [-] topon. -. [PE17:32:36]  dol, doll
Dol-fanui [-] topon. the form taken by Fanuidhol with the usual S. order of word combination (i.e. with the adjectival
element following the noun). [PE17:36]  dol, fanui
doll [-] n. head (often applied to hills or mountains that had not a sharp apex). [PE17:32:36]  -dhol, dol, Dol-fanui, Fanuidhol
Domhabar [-] topon. -. Dw. Khazad-dûm. [PE17:35]
-dor [< ndor] suff. a region inhabited by a people. Usually used instead of -bar in Sindarin. [PE17:164]  -bar
Dor I thoen [-] topon. ‘Land of Pines’. [PE17:81]
Dor i Thuin [-] topon. [PE17:81]
Dor nu Fauglirh [-] topon. [PE17:128]
Dor nu Fuin [-] topon. [PE17:81]
Doriath [-] topon. [PE17:128]
dor-i-ndainn [-] topon. [PE17:141]
Dorlomin [-] topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Dorloven. [PE17:133]
Dorloven [-] topon. pure Sindarin form of Dorlomin. [PE17:133]

Dorn, pl1. Dyrn [-] dwarf. [PE17:181]
Dorthonion [-] topon. ‘Land of Pines’. Noldorized S. form. [PE17:81:128]
Dorwinion [-] topon. ‘Young-land country’, land of Gwinion. A land prob. far south down the river Running. [PE17:54]
drû [< (D)ROB] adj. savage, wild. Q. hróva. [PE17:99]  Druadan
Druadan [< (S)ROB, (D)ROB + ?] n. wose, wild man. [PE17:99]
dû 1a [-] n. dimness. [PE17:37:87]  Nanduhirion
dû 1b [< dōmē < DOM] n. night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme. [PE17:152]
du(w)ath [< DOM + ?] n. ‘night shadow’. [PE17:152]  dû
dúath [< du-wath] adj. dark, black shadow. [PE17:87]
dûn [-] n. west. Q. nū-. [PE17:18:121]  annûn
Dúnadan, pl1. Dúnedain [-] n. lit. ‘Western Man, Man of West(ernesse)’ (Dún-adan), the three Houses of Men. Used in
Rivendell as a name of Aragorn. Q. pl1. Núnatani. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well
met !’. [PE17:16:18:32:131]  adan
dúnedel, dúnedil, pl2. dúnedellim [-] n. #‘West-Elf’, Noldo. [PE17:140-2]  dún, edhel
dúneglarim [-] pl2. n. [PE17:142]
dúneglir [-] n. [PE17:142]
dúneglon, pl1. dúneglyn [-] masc. n. [PE17:142]  -on
dúnel, pl1. dúnil, pl2. dúneldhrim {ð}[-] n. #‘West-Elf’, Noldo. [PE17:140-2]  dúnelt, ell
dúnelleth [-] fem. n. #West-Elf. [PE17:142]  -eth
dúnellir [-] pl1. n. #West-Elves. [PE17:142]
dúnellon, pl1. dúnellyn [-] masc. n. #West-Elf. [PE17:142]  -on
dúnelt, pl1. dúnilt, pl2. dúneldhrim {ð}[-] n. #West-Elf. [PE17:142]  dúnel
dúnigil [-] n. [PE17:142]
dûr 1a [-] adj. dark (with evil implications, e.g. Barad-dûr). [PE17:31:85]  Barad-dûr
dûr 1b [< (n)dūrā] adj. dark, gloomy, ‘hellish’. [PE17:152]
dý- {y#}[< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper)] pref. [PE17:151]  dýgar
dýgar 1 [< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper) + ?] n. a mistaken act.
[PE17:151]  dýl, dýr
dýgar 2 [< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper) + ?] adj. doing a thing
wrong. [PE17:151]  dýl, dýr
dýl [< deulē < DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper)] n. a mistake. [PE17:151]
-dyn [-] 3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed. [PE17:46]  -deid, -deith, -ed,
dýr [< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper)] adj. mistaken, off point, not
right. [PE17:151]
DH
-dh 1a {ð}[-] 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-dh 1b {ð}[-] 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
dhe {ð}[-] 2nd sg. polite pron. (to) thee/you. Pure S. form replaced by the Q. borrowing le in the S. used by the Noldor or
mixed peoples. de/dhe remained in use in Doriath and in the Havens. [PE17:26]  dhe
-dhir {ð}[-] 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-dhol [< S. dol/doll head (often applied to hills or mountains that had not a sharp apex)] suff. head (often applied to hills or
mountains that had not a sharp apex). [PE17:36]  Fanuidhol
E
ech [-] pron. maybe ( 2nd sg. ?) emphatic or reflexive pronoun. [PE17:46]  est, im
echad- [<et-kat- out-shape, form] v. -. Deleted pa.t. forms after this verb : edagant, edagad. [PE17:42]  echad-
echant [< edagant < et-kantē shape, form] v. pa.t. of echad- ‘shaped out’, shaped and made. Im Narvi hain echant ‘I Narvi made
them’. edagant was originally a S. pa.t. form which was deleted (together with pa.t. edagad). [PE17:42]  echad-
-ed [-] 3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -deid, -deith, -dyn. [PE17:46]  -deid, -
deith, -dyn
Edaerel [-] [PE17:140]
Edaeron [-] [PE17:140]
edagad [-] v. pa.t. of echad- [PE17:42]  echad-
edagant [-] v. pa.t. of echad- [PE17:42]  echad-
edel, pl1. edil [< etelō] n. [PE17:142]
edel [-] [PE17:140]
edelbar [-] n. [PE17:142]
edelbar [-] n. [PE17:142]
Edelbar [-] topon. [PE17:142]
Edeldor [< Etelo-ndor] topon. [PE17:142]
Edelmbar [-] topon. [PE17:142]
edhel 1a [-] n. Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably
related to or connected with Q. Elda. [PE17:45]  edhellen
edhel 1b, pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð}[-] n. Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other
varieties by an adjective or prefix. [PE17:139]  Aredhel, Thinnedhel
edhel 1c {ð}[< edelō] n. Elf. [PE17:140-1]
edhel 1d [< *edelā Elf < DEL] n. Elf. Q. elda. [PE17:151]
edhel 1e, pl1. edhil {ð}[< *edelā < EL] n. marcher, one who went forth. [PE17:152]
edhellen [-] adj. Elvish. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! ‘Elvish gate open now for us’. [PE17:45]  edhel
Edhelvein [-] prop. n. ‘fair as an Elf’, a title of Arwen. [PE17:56]
Edhelwen {đ}[-] prop. n. [PE17:190]
edíw [< DEWE miss mark, go (or send) wrong, fall short or beside (aim, what is due or proper)] v. pa.t. failed, missed, etc.
[PE17:151]  dewin, dýl, dýr
edlon [< etlō] n. ‘outsider’, stranger. [PE17:141]
edra- [< etr- open (intr.) < et out] v. open (out). [PE17:45]  edro
edraith [< et out + rektie < ? + REK recover, get out/away, save from ruin/peril/loss] n. rescue, saving. naur an edraith ammen!
‘fire [be] for rescue/saving for us’. [PE17:38]
edro [-] v. imp. of edra- open. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! ‘Elvish gate open now for us’. [PE17:45]  edra-
-eg [-] 2nd sg./pl. poss. suff. your. Maybe the familiar form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later
-gen. [PE17:46]  -el, -gen
egel [-] n. [PE17:140:142]
egl, pl2. eglath, eglathrim, eglawaith [-] [PE17:134:140]
egl [-] n. [PE17:142]
eglamar [-] [PE17:141]
Eglarim [-] pl2. n. a name used for the Noldor. [PE17:141]
egledhel {ð}[-] [PE17:140]
eglerio [-] v. imp. glorify. [PE17:102]
egleth [-] n. probably a feminine form of egel. [PE17:140]
Eglir [-] n. a name used for the Noldor. [PE17:140-1]
Eglon [< etlō, pl. etlōi] masc. n. a name of the Noldor given by the Sindar. probably a masculine form of egel. [PE17:140-2]
ein- [< anya < amya < MAY excellent, admirable] pref. Q. amya-. [PE17:163]
ein- [-] pref. Q. amya- [PE17:172]
-el [-] 2nd sg./pl. poss. suff. your. Maybe the polite form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -
lein. [PE17:46]  -eg, -lein
el [-] n. star. [PE17:55]
êl, pl1. elin, pl2. elenath [< EL star] n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. [PE17:24:67:127:139-40:151]  elen
elanor [< S. el star + S. anor Sun] n. Bot. ‘sun-star’. [PE17:55:110]
Elbereth 1 [= El-bereth < el + mbereth < *elen-barathī] prop. n. ‘Star-queen’. On the mythological association of Varda with
stars, see PE17:22. Same meaning as Q. Elentári. Rarely Bereth. Formed later, Elbereth would prob. have been given
such forms as Bereth (in)-elin or Bereth (in)gîl. [PE17:22:23:152:176]  Bereth (in)-elin, êl, elen
Elbereth 2 [< el star + *mbarathī] prop. n. [PE17:66]
elden [< et-lendā] adj. exiled. [PE17:51]  edlenn
eldenn [< et-lendā] adj. exiled. [PE17:51]  edlen
eldeth [-] n. probably a masculine form of ell. [PE17:140]
eldrim [-] pl2. n. [PE17:142]
eledh, pl1. elidh, pl2. eledhrim {ð}[< eledā] n. used for all elves. Form obsolete as specific ‘tribal’ or general, except as
element in certain proper-names. Q. elda. [PE17:140-2]
Eledhbar {ð}[-] topon. [PE17:142]
eledhes {ð}[-] n. maybe a feminine form of eledh. [PE17:141-2]  -es
eledhir {ð}[-] n. [PE17:142]
eledhon {ð} [-] n. probably a masculine form of eledh. [PE17:141-2]  -on
elein, pl2. eleniath, elenwaith [< elenyā < elenā < ELEN a star] n. Poet. star. [PE17:139]
Elemmar [-] topon. [PE17:142]
elen, pl1. elin, pl2. elenath [< EL star] n. star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates ‘the (host of all the) stars, (all) the
(visible) stars of the firmament’. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. ‘from Firmament glory of the stars !’.
[PE17:20-1:24-5:67:139:151]  êl
elenathon [-] gen. of elenath of the (host of all the) stars. [PE17:25]  elen
elenil [-] [PE17:140]
Elennor [< Eleđ|ndor] topon. [PE17:142]
elenon [-] [PE17:140]
elia- [< ALA good, blessed, fortunate] v. to cause to prosper, bless (a work), help one. Q. alya-. [PE17:146]
ell 1a [< EL] n. Poet. only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. [PE17:140:152]  elles, ellon
ell 1b, pl2. eldrim [< eldō] n. [PE17:140]
ell 1c [-] n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form. [PE17:141]
ell 1d, pl1. ellir, pl2. eldrim, ellath [< eld-] n. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. [PE17:141]
ell 1e, pl2. eldrim [< eldā] n. [PE17:141]
elles [< EL] fem. n. Poet. only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. [PE17:152]  ell, elles
elleth, pl1. ellith [< eld-] n. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. Probably a feminine form of
ell. [PE17:141-2]  -eth
ellir [< EL] n. [PE17:142:152]  ell, elles, ellon
ellon 1a, pl1. ellyn [< eld-] masc. n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used
form themselves. Probably a masculine form of ell. ellon << eldron (PE17:140). [PE17:141-2:151]  -on
ellon 1b [< EL] masc. n. Poet. only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. [PE17:152]  ell, ellon
Elrenniel [-] prop. n. #‘Daughter of Elrond’. Elrenniel << Elrendiel << Elrondiel << hel-Elrond << Elrondhel. [PE17:56]
Elrond [-] prop. n. [PE17:183]
elt [-] [PE17:141]
Elu 1a [-] prop. n. Q. Elwe. [PE17:176]
Elu 1b [< Q. Elwe] prop. n. [PE17:189]
-em [-] 1st pl. poss. suff. our. Maybe the excl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -main,
-mein. [PE17:46]  -main, -mein
eméné- {ē}[-] v. pa.t. [PE17:93]
-en 1a [-] 1st sg. poss. suff. my. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -nin. [PE17:46]  lammen, -nin
-en 1b [-] fem. suff. used in patronimics. [PE17:170]  -ien, -ion, -on
en [-] poss. art. of the. [PE17:102]
ena, pl. enan [-] poss. art. usually, esp. later reduced to en before vowel (not when g was lost), na before consonant.
Plural is enan > en n/, nan. [PE17:97]  na
-enc [-] 1st pl. poss. suff. our. Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. [PE17:46]
eneg [-] card. numb. six. Q. enque, enc-. [PE17:95]  odog
eni, pl. enin [-] poss. art. used with object, form of an when preceding an article, e.g. mellyn enin Edhellion #‘Friends of the
Elves’. [PE17:97]
Ennor [< EN(ED) centre, middle+NDOR land] topon. ‘Middle-earth’. Poetic form ennorath. Q. Endor, Endóre. [PE17:26:121]
 ennorath
ennorath [< EN(ED) centre, middle+NDOR land] pl2. n. Poet. ‘Middle-earth’, ‘(all) the Middle-lands’, the group of central
lands (between the seas). A poetic expression for the usual Ennor. o galadh-remmin ennorath lit. ‘from tree-tangled
middlelands’. [PE17:20-1:25-6]  -ath, Ennor
-ent [-] 3rd pl. poss. suff. their. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Later -wen. [PE17:46]  -wen
ephel [-] n. surrounding ring. [PE17:87]
ephel [< eppel < et-pel < ? + PEL edge, bound, fence, limite] n. outer wall or fence. [PE17:65]
Ephel Duath [-] topon. [PE17:152]  du(w)ath
er [-] card. numb. one. Q. er. [PE17:95]  min, tad
Ered Lithui [-] topon. [PE17:173]
Ered Luin [-] topon. ‘Blue Mountains’. [PE17:136]
Ered Wethrin [-] topon. [PE17:128]
ered, pl1. eryd [-] n. [PE17:89]
Eredwethrin [-] topon. [PE17:134]
ereg [-] n. Bot. holly. [PE17:42]  Eregion
Eregion [-] topon. Hollin. [PE17:42]  ereg, -ion
Eriador [< *eryā+?] topon. ‘Lonely land’. A Silvan name. [PE17:28]
ernil [-] n. [PE17:96]
Eryd Nimrais [-] topon. [PE17:168]  ered, nimras
Eryd Wethrin [-] topon. [PE17:128]
Erydweithian [-] topon. [PE17:42]  orod, -ian
Erydweithiand [-] topon. [PE17:42]  orod, -iand
Eryd-weithion [-] topon. [PE17:42]  orod, -ion
eryn [< pl. oronī trees ?] n. forest, wood of trees. [PE17:33:119]
-es, pl1. -is [-] suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals used after dh [= ð], th. [PE17:141]  -eth, -on
esbin 1a [< spini-] n. thin thread. [PE17:17]
esbin 1b [< SPIN-ID lock, tress of human/elvish hair] n. a tress. [PE17:119]  findel
esgal [< skalā the action or effect of overshadowing < SKAL cover, veil, cloak, conceal] n. a cast shadow. Q. hala, poet. ixal.
[PE17:184]
Esgalduin [-] n. lit. ‘the river under shadow’. [PE17:15]
est [-] pron. maybe ( 3rd sg. ?) emphatic or reflexive pronoun. [PE17:46]  ech, im
Estel [-] n. hope. ónen i·Estel Edain ‘I gave the “Hope” (to) Men’. [PE17:117]
esten [< *stenna short < STEN cut short, limit, confine, cramp] adj. Q. thenna, senna. [PE17:185]  thenn
estent [< stentā] Q. thenta, senta. [PE17:141]
-eth, pl1. -ith [-] suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals. -es after dh [=ð], th. [PE17:141]  -es, -on
F
fain 1a [< PHAN white] adj. white and shining, white, shimmering. Q. fanya. [PE17:26:36]  fân, fanui
fain 1b [< *phanyā < PHAN cover, screen, veil] adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in
them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still
half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form). [PE17:174]
fain 2 [< *phanyā < PHAN cover, screen, veil] n. vague shape or fleeting glimpse, esp. of ‘apparitions’ or figures seen in
dreams. [PE17:174]
fair [< pheryā < PHERE] adj. quick, ready, prompt. [PE17:181]  feir
falas 1a [< PHAL foam] n. surfline, seashore. Q. falasse. [PE17:62]
falas 1b [-] n. beach, strand. [PE17:73:97]  Anfalas
faloth [-] n. a large (foamy) wave. [PE17:18]  Asfaloth
fân 1a [< FAN white, esp. applied to reflected light as of clouds, snow, frost, mist] n. shape, with the added notion of light
and whiteness. It was thus often used where we might use ‘a vision’ (of something beautiful and sublime). Q. fana-.
Tolkien notes that “Yet being elvish, though it may be used of things remote, it has no implication either of
uncertainty or unreality” (PE17:26). In the name Fanuilos of Elbereth, the Fân was the vision of majesty of
Elbereth upon the mountain where she dwelt. [PE17:26]
fân 1b [< *phanā < PHAN cover, screen, veil] n. a veil, a covering concealing what lay within or behind. Frequently used
of clouds in the sky, as veils over the blue heaven or the sun, the moon, etc. (white cloud). It became its leading
sense. Usual word for ‘cloud’, floating clouds, or those for a while resting upon or wreathing hills and mountain-
top. It was seldom applied to any but things of soft textures (woven veils, mantles, or curtains). The lengthening
of the vowel only took place where the word was used alone as a stressed monosyllable. After the coming of the
Noldorin Exiles in Middle-earth, the meaning of Q. fana (i.e. shining shape, ‘angelic’ spirit) was assumed by S. fân.
[PE17:36:173-4:176]  fain, fanui, Fanuidhol
Fangorn [-] prop. n. Beard of Tree. [PE17:84]  orn
fanha- [< *phantā- < PHAN cover, screen, veil] v. to veil, cloak. Q. fanta-. Naturally mainly used of veils cast over things
that shone, or were brighter and more vivid. [PE17:174]
fanui 1a [< FAN white, esp. applied to reflected light as of clouds, snow, frost, mist] adj. cloudy. [PE17:26:36]  Dol-fanui,
Fanuidhol
fanui 1b [< PHAN cover, screen, veil] adj. cloudy, having much cloud. [PE17:173]  Fanuidhol, -ui
Fanuidhol [= fanui + dol] topon. ‘Cloudyhead’, name of a mountain. Dw. Bundu-shathûr. [PE17:35:173]  fanui, dol
Fanuilos 1a [< FAN white, esp. applied to reflected light as of clouds, snow, frost, mist+?] prop. n. ‘Figure (bright and
majestic) upon Uilos’. It is not clear whether fanui- is the adjective fanui ‘cloudy’ or the name should be devised fan-
uilos (PE17:26). [PE17:26]
Fanuilos 1b [= Fan-uilos] prop. n. ‘(bright) angelic figure ever-(snow) white (shining after)’, ‘of/upon Uilos’, ‘far away
upon Uilos’, a title or second name of Elbereth/Varda. [PE17:174:176:180]
fanwos [-] [PE17:174]

faran [-] n. any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. [PE17:83]  farn-
farn- [-] n. any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. [PE17:83]  faran
faw [< PHAW] Q. foa. [PE17:181]  phaw
Feanor 1a [-] prop. n. -. Q. Feanáro. [PE17:39]
Feanor 1b [-] prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Feanór. [PE17:117]
feir [< pheryā < PHERE] adj. quick, ready, prompt. [PE17:181]  fair
fela [< phelgā mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]] n. Q. felya. phelgā (the added vowel might be ō) << phelg-.
[PE17:118]
Felagun [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
Felagund [-] prop. n. Tolkien added the note “Don’t like Felagund”. [PE17:117]
fele [< PHELEK, PHELES] [PE17:118]
feleg [-] n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q. [PE17:118]
Feleggund [< Feleg-gund] prop. n. [PE17:118]
Felegond [-] prop. n. on this name, Tolkien notes “Is Felegond = of stone, or = kondo, lord” (PE17:118). [PE17:118]
Felegund [-] prop. n. [PE17:118]
feli [< PHELEK, PHELES] [PE17:118]
fen [< PHEN door] n. door. Q. fenna. [PE17:45:98:181]  fennas
fennas [-] n. doorway. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen ‘doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue’.
[PE17:45]  fen
fer- [< PHERE] pref. [PE17:181]  fergar
fergar [< PHERE + ?] soon done. [PE17:181]  fair, feir, feria-, ferui
fergenol [< PHERE + ?] adj. quick to see or perceive, sharpsighted (or ~witted), etc. [PE17:181]  fair, feir, fergar, feria-,
ferui
feria- [< PHERE] v. make ready (promptly). Q. ferya-. [PE17:181]  fair, feir, fergar, ferui
ferui [< PHERE] adj. ready to hand, (quickly) available. Q. férima, ferina. [PE17:181]  fair, feir, fergar, feria-
Fileg [-] prop. n. [PE17:118]
fim [-] adj. slim, slender. Q. fimbi-. [PE17:23:82]  fimbrethil
fimbrethil [-] n. Bot. ‘slender princess’, silver birch. Fuller form of brethil. [PE17:23]  brethil, nimbrethil
Fimbrethil [-] prop. n. ‘slender princess’. [PE17:82]
fin [< SPIN a single hair, filament] n. [PE17:17]
Fin-Argon [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
find [< *spindē] n. single hair (of man or elf). [PE17:17]  finn
finde [< spindidele < ? + DĔL] n. #fine hair. [PE17:151]  deil
findel 1 [< *spindilā] n. Poet. head of hair (fax). Preserved mainly in such old names as Glorfindel ‘Golden-hair’. [PE17:17]
 find, finn, finnel
findel 2 [< spin-dela < SPIN-ID lock, tress of human/elvish hair] adj. having beautiful hair. [PE17:119]  Glorfindel
Findel [< SPIN-ID lock, tress of human/elvish hair] prop. n. Fairfax. [PE17:119]  findel
Findelor [-] prop. n. ‘hair-golden’. Q. Findelaure. [PE17:119]  findel, Finglor

Findrod [< Q. Findarāto] prop. n. [PE17:135]
fineg [< finik, fink] -. Q. finca. [PE17:17]
Finglor [-] prop. n. ‘hair-golden’. Q. Findelaure. [PE17:119]  findel, Findelor
Fin-Goldor [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Fin-Golfin [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Fingolfin [< Q. Finwe·ñolofinwe] prop. n. [PE17:117-8]
Fingolodh {ð}[-] prop. n. probably cognate with (Q.?) Fingoldo. [PE17:117]
Fingon [-] prop. n. Tolkien proposed revision of this name: Finion or Fingorn (PE17:112). [PE17:112:118]
Fingon [-] prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Finicā(n. Tolkien proposed to change it : Finion or Fingorn. [PE17:113]
Fingorn [< Phiniñgornā ] prop. n. ‘Revered Fin(we)’. Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon. [PE17:113]
 Fingon
Finion [-] prop. n. Tolkien proposed this form as remplacement for Fingon. Finion << Findor. [PE17:113]  Fingon
finn [< *spindē] n. single hair (of man or elf). [PE17:17]  find
finnel [< O.S. findel < *spin-delē mass of hairs, head of hair < SPIN a single hair, filament + DEL thick, dense] n. mass of long
hair. [PE17:17]  find, finn
Finrod [-] prop. n. [PE17:117-8]
Finrod [-] prop. n. [PE17:154-5]
Finugon [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
firen [-] [PE17:101]  firin
firin [-] adj. mortal. [PE17:101]  firen
for [-] n. right-hand, north. Q. for-. [PE17:18]  forn
Forlonnas [-] topon. ‘(Realm of the) North-harbourage’, another name of Arnor that soon fell out of general colloquial
use. Shorter form of Arthor na Forlonnas. Q. Forolondie, Follondie. [PE17:28]  Arnor, Arthor na Forlonnas
forn [-] n. the North. Q. formen. [PE17:18]  for
Forochel [< forod + khel] topon. [PE17:116]
forod [-] adj. northern. Q. forna. [PE17:18:116]  for, Forochel
fuin [-] [PE17:120]
G
-g [-] 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -l(ye). See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
gaear [< GAY(AR)] n. Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Shorter form gaer. Q. ear. [PE17:27]  aear, gaer
gaearon [-] n. ocean. Augmentative form of gaear Sea. Q. earon, airon. [PE17:27]  gaear
gaer 1a [< gaı9ră < GAY(AR)] n. Sea, especially the Great (Western) Sea. Shorter form of gaear. Q. aire (obsolete).
[PE17:27]  aear, gaear
gaer 1b [< GAYA Sea] n. ocean. [PE17:149]
Gaerdil [-] prop. n. Q. Earendil. Gaerdil << Gaerdillon. [PE17:27]  gaear, gaer
Gaerdilion [-] prop. n. Q. Earendil. [PE17:27]  gaear, gaer
gaerdilnir [-] n. probably a Sindarin form of Q. Earendil. [PE17:19]  gaerdilon, gaerennil
gaerdilon [-] n. probably a Sindarin form of Q. Earendil. [PE17:19]  gaerdilnir, gaerennil
gaerennil [-] n. probably a Sindarin form of Q. Earendil. [PE17:19]  gaerdilnir, gaerdilon
gaeron [< GAYA Sea] n. ocean. [PE17:149]
gail, pl1. gîl, pl2. giliath [< Eldarin *gilyā < GIL shine (white)] n. silver spark. [PE17:30:152]  gail, geil
gal- [-] v. pres. stem see paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
gâl [< mantina] v. #he/she grows. [PE17:131]
gal- [< ŊAL [ŊGAL] shine clear] S. ŋ > ʒ > g. ŊAL [ŊGAL] shine clear << ŊAL, ŊGAL shine (golden). [PE17:169]
gala [< mantina] v. #he/she grows. [PE17:131]
galadh 1a {ð}[< *galaða < *galadā < GAL to grow (like a plant)] n. tree. Q. alda. [PE17:136]
galadh 1b {ð}[< *galadā a large vegetable growth < GAL grow/flourish] n. Q. alda. [PE17:153]
galad 1a [< kalat- radiance < GAL < KAL shine] n. radiance. [PE17:50]  Galadriel, Gil-galad
galad 1b [< GAL] n. light, fire, brightness, shining. [PE17:84]  calad, Caras Galadon
galadh [< *galadā a large plant (general term), tree < GALA grow like plants] n. Bot. tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh
was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Q. alda. [PE17:25:50]  orn
Galadhrim [-] pl2. n. ‘Tree-people’. True S. form of Galadrim. [PE17:50]  Galadrim
galadhon {ð}[-] n. & poss. suff. of trees. lais geledhion, ~ galadhon ‘the leaves of trees’. [PE17:97]  geledhion, -on
Galadon [< Calatāna] [PE17:84]  Caras Galadon
galadhremmen, pl1. galadhremmin {ð}[< galad(a)rembinā] adj. tree-tangled. o galadh-remmin ennorath lit. ‘from tree-
tangled middlelands’. Q. aldarembina. [PE17:20-1:127]
Galadriel 1a [-] prop. n. ‘woman crowned with glory, radiance’. A sindarized version of original Q. Altariel(le).
[PE17:50:169]
Galadriel 1b [< *ñaldā or ñaladā gleaming sheen + ? < ÑGAL gleam, sheen + RIG wreath, garland, crown] prop. n. ‘lady with
the gleaming crown’, sc. golden head of hair. This form was a suggestion made by Tolkien in the course of his
thought, see PE17:59-60. Q. Naldariel(le). [PE17:59]
Galadriel 1c [< ñgalatā-rig-el-] prop. n. Strangers erroneously associated Galadriel with Silvan galad ‘tree’. Q. Ñaltariel, T.
Altarielle. [PE17:60]
Galadriel [< galatā-r-yēl] prop. n. Q. Altăriel. [PE17:155:190]
Galadrim [-] pl2. n. ‘Tree-people’. True S. Galadhrim. [PE17:50]  Galadhrim
galan, pl1. gelain [< GALAM elm] n. Bot. elm. [PE17:153]
galen [-] n. Bot. maybe an abbreviated form used for galenas. [PE17:100]  galenas
galen soft mut. of calen [PE17:77]  calen
galenas [-] n. Bot. nicotiana, Gondor S. For ‘pipeweed’. Q. alanesse, alenesse. [PE17:100]  galen
galog [< mantina] v. & pron. suff. #you grow. [PE17:131]
galon [< mantina] v. & pron. suff. #I grow. [PE17:131]
gaur [< ÑGAW falsify, deform, disguise] n. ‘false, disguised, deformed’, wolf (pl.2 wolf-horde). The form of ngaur in
absolute initial position. Q. ñauro. [PE17:39]  ngaur
Gavar, pl1. Gevair [-] n. Q. Avar, pl1. Avari. [PE17:139]
geil, pl1. gîl, pl2. giliath [< Eldarin *gilyā < GIL shine (white)] n. silver spark. [PE17:30:152]  gail
geledhion [-] pl. n. & poss. suff. of trees. lais geledhion, ~ galadhon ‘the leaves of trees’. [PE17:97]  galadhon
-gen [-] 2nd sg. poss. suff. your. Maybe the familiar form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier
-eg. [PE17:46]  -eg
gí {ī}soft mut. of ci [PE17:17]
gil [< g)illĕ/g)illē < ÑGIL] n. -. [PE17:23]
gil- [< GIL shine (white)] pref. spark, often used for ‘star’. Form of gail/geil in compounds. [PE17:23:152]  gail, geil,
Gilgalad
Gilgalad [< *gilicalat- < GIL shine (white) + ?] prop. n. ‘Starlight’. [PE17:152]  gil-
Gil-galad 1a [-] prop. n. ‘Star of (clear) light’. [PE17:15:169]  gal-
Gil-galad 1b, pl1. Gilgelaid [< Gill calad] prop. n. ‘Radiant Star(s), Star-light’. See also the (prob. primitive) form
Gillingalati. [PE17:50:59]  galad
Gilraen [< ? + RAYA ‘smile’, show pleasure or favour in facial expression] prop. n. [PE17:182]  raen
Gilthoniel 1a [< ÑGIL+THĂN/THĀN kindle] prop. n. ‘Star-kindler’. Q. Tintalle. THĂN/THĀN << TÁN << TON; ÑGIL
<< GIL. [PE17:23]
Gilthoniel 1b [< ? + THAN kindle] prop. n. Starkindler (in past). [PE17:82]  thoniel
-gir [-] 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -lle. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
Glamdring [-] prop. n. [PE17:84]
glamhoth [= glam-hoth] pl2. n. ‘din-horde’, the Orcs. [PE17:39]  hoth
glaur- [< LAW, LAWAR] pref. golden colour of sunshine or golden-flowers. The application to gold of the stem was
poetic and referred primarily to colour (as esp. of laburnum) not to material (Q. malta). [PE17:159]
Glaurung [-] prop. n. Tolkien notes “Alter Glaurung > Angruin”. [PE17:183] Angruin
glaw- [< LAW, LAWAR] pref. sunshine. [PE17:159]
glawar 1a [-] n. Q. laure, Nand. lór. [PE17:48]  Lothlórien, Lothlúrien, Lothlýrian
glawar 1b [< LAW, LAWAR] n. (golden) blossom. Q. loar, lávar. [PE17:159]
glim [-] pl. n. voices. glim maewion, ~ maewia ‘(the) voices of gulls’. [PE17:97]
Glorfindel 1a [< glaur (< *glawar) + phin-dela] prop. n. [PE17:17]  findel
Glorfindel 1b [-] prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Laurefin(de), Laurefindele. [PE17:17:119]  findel
glos [< LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass)] adj. snow white. Q. losse. [PE17:161]  glosui, los
glosui [< LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass)] adj. snow white. Q. lossea. [PE17:161]  glosui, los
go- [< C.E. WĀ, WO] pref. together. Q. o-. [PE17:16]
go’ [< WO, WONO together (of things in company but not physically actually joined)] Q. ŏ-’. [PE17:191]  gwá
*goenglin [-] topon. probably a purer Sindarin form of Q. Ondolin(de) than the blended form Gondolin. [PE17:29] 
*goenlin, Gondolin
*goenlin [-] topon. probably a purer Sindarin form of Q. Ondolin(de) than the blended form Gondolin. [PE17:29] 
*goenglin, Gondolin
golas [-] n. foliage. Q. walass(s), olassie. [PE17:84]  Legolas
golas(s) [-] n. foliage. [PE17:159]  legolas
Golfin [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Golfin(u) [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
golodh 1a, pl1. gœlydh {ð}[< ñgolodō Gnome] n. lore-master, sage. Historical form obsolete as specific ‘tribal’ or general,
except as element in certain proper-names. It was used of any sage or lore-master. Q. ñoldo. [PE17:139-40:153] 
pengolodh
golodh 1b, pl1. gelydh, pl2. golodhrim {ð}[< ñolodō] n. sage, lore-master. Obsolete as a tribal name. Q. ñoldo. Goloðrim
<< Goloðir (PE17:126). [PE17:141]
Golodhbaeth {ð}[-] n. Ling. #‘Speech of the Noldor’. Also paeth Golodhrim or paeth e Ngolodhrim. [PE17:126]
Golothir [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
golt [-] [PE17:141]
gon- {ŏ}[< *PQ gōn, gon- stone, or a single thing made of stone] n. -. [PE17:28]  gond, Gondor
gond [< *PQ gondō stone, general as a substance or material] n. stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. [PE17:28-9] 
Gondor
Gondolin [< Ondolin[de]] topon. A blend of Noldorin-Quenya and Sindarin. Tolkien notes that “it is obviously neither
Sindarin nor Noldorin” (PE17:29). [PE17:29]
Góndolind [-] topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Gonnólen. Maybe acute accent in the two names was only used
in order to mark pronunciation. [PE17:133]
Gondor [< Gon-ndor-] topon. ‘Stone-land’. A name given because of the abundance of gond, stone in Ered Nimrais, and
the great use made of it by the Southern Dúnedain. Q Ondonóre. [PE17:28:118]  gond
gonn [-] n. a rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. [PE17:29]  gond, Gondor
Gonnólen [-] topon. pure Sindarin form of Góndolind. Maybe acute accent in the two names was only used in order to
mark pronunciation. [PE17:133]
gor- [< GUR hard, difficult (e.g. Old Norse tor-, Greek δυς-)] pref. owing to approach of GUR to other stems (as ÑGUR
‘death’, ÑGOR ‘terror, dread’) Sindarin tended to use gor- in a very strong sense of things very painful and horrible
to do. It used dír- ‘tough’ for lesser efforts. Q. uru-. [PE17:154]  dirbedui, gorbedui, gornod
gor [< ÑGOR fear] Q. ñor. [PE17:172]

gorbedui [< GUR hard, difficult (e.g. Old Norse tor-, Greek δυς-) + ?] adj. lamentable to tell (only to be used with horror or
grief). [PE17:154]  dirbedui, gor-
gordh {ð}[< GUR hard, difficult (e.g. Old Norse tor-, Greek δυς-)] adj. difficult, laborious. Q. urda hard, difficult, arduous.
[PE17:154]  gornod
Gorgoroth [-] topon. [PE17:134]
gorn 1a [-] adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. gornhoth (hostile implication). [PE17:46]  dern
gorn 1b [< GUR hard, difficult (e.g. Old Norse tor-, Greek δυς-)] adj. hard, stiff, thrawn. [PE17:154]  gornod, gordh
gorn 2a, pl2. gornhoth [-] n. Dwarf (hostile implication). [PE17:46]  dern
gorn (-ngorn-) 2b [< ÑGOR dread] n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. [PE17:113]  Aragorn
-gorn [-] suff. [PE17:113]
gornod [< GUR hard, difficult (e.g. Old Norse tor-, Greek δυς-) + ?] adj. hard to count. [PE17:154]
gornodui [-] adj. [PE17:172]
gorthad [-] n. wraith, spirit of Dead. [PE17:116]  Tyrn Gorthad
Gorthaur [< ? + THAW] prop. n. ancient S. name of Sauron. [PE17:183-4]  Sauron
Gorthu [< ñgor(o)-thūsō < ÑGOR terror + THUS evil mist, fog] ‘Mist of Fear’. Q. ñorthus, ñorsus. [PE17:183]  saur
govan- [-] v. to come to same place, meet. [PE17:16]  govannen
govannen 1a [< govan- < go- ‘together’ + pp. form of stem ba(n)-] pp. of govan-. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At
last, Dúnadan ! Well met !’. Tolkien notes that the explanation with the stem ba(n) “Won’t really do”. [PE17:16:131]
govannen 1b soft mut. of covannen
grond [< G-RON < RON solid, tangible, firm] adj. very weighty and ponderous. [PE17:183]  gronn
Grond [< G-RON < RON solid, tangible, firm] prop. n. ‘very weighty and ponderous’, Morgoth’s mace or hammer.
[PE17:99:183]  grond, gronn
gronn [< G-RON < RON solid, tangible, firm] adj. very weighty and ponderous. [PE17:99:183]  grond, Grond
gûl 1a [< ÑGUL] n. evil and necromantic arts, black arts, sorcery. A loan from B.S. Tolkien notes that “gūl in B.S. is
probably from S.”. Q. ñūle. [PE17:31-2]
gûl 1b [< ngōl-] n. knowledge, deep knowledge not ‘occult’ in modern sense, but applied to the deper knowledge of the
‘wise’ or skilled persons, not kept secret (as [?among the] Elves) but not attainable by all. Q. ñōle, B.S. gûl phantom,
shadow of dark magic, necromancer, slave, servant?. The B.S. word gûl was prob. derived from ngōl-. [PE17:79]
gûl 1c [< ÑGUL (possibly in origin simply a variant of ÑGOL applied to a darker shade ?) dark, with sinister connotations] n.
black arts, sorcery. Q. ñúle, B.S. gûl ‘raith’ is probably derived from Sindarin. [PE17:125]
guru [< ngur(u)] n. death. guru << gûru. [PE17:87]
guruthos [< NGUR to die + ÞOS show dread of] n. shadow of death. [PE17:95]  nguruthos
GW
gwá [< WO, WONO together (of things in company but not physically actually joined)] Q. ŏ-’. [PE17:191]  go’
gwae [< gwoe < wāyā < WAYA blow (as of wind)] n. wind. Tolkien also notes “WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae” (PE17:34).
Q. vea. [PE17:33-4:189]  gwaew
gwaen (’waen) [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pres. & pron. suff. I go. [PE17:148]  anwen
gwaew [< gwoe < wāyā < WAYA] n. wind. Tolkien also notes “WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae” (PE17:34). [PE17:33-4] 
gwae
gwain [< BAN beauty, with implication that it is due to lack of fault or blemish] adj. blonde. [PE17:150]
gwain [-] adj. fair. [PE17:140]
gwaith [-] n. a ‘people’ associated by place and occupation. [PE17:190]  lî, rim, -waith
gwân [< gwan < GWAN pale, fair] adj. fair, pale. [PE17:165]
gwana, pl1. gwenai [< *wanasō] [PE17:140]
gwanu [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pp. departed. [PE17:148]  gwawn
gwanûr [-] n. pair of twins. [PE17:116]
Gwathlo [-] [PE17:136]
Gwathló {ō}[= Gwath-lō] [PE17:136]
gwawn [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] v. pp. departed. [PE17:148]  gwanu
gwê [< *wegō(n) living creature < WEG live, be active] Q. weo, veo. [PE17:189]
gwein [< WIN young] adj. young. Q. vinya. [PE17:191]  gwîn
gwen [< WEN-ED girl, virgin, maiden] n. maiden. Q. wendē. [PE17:191]  gwend, gweneth
gwend [< WEN-ED girl, virgin, maiden] n. maiden. Q. wendē. [PE17:191]  gwen, gweneth
gwenedhel {ð}[-] n. [PE17:140]  edhel
gweneth [< WEN-ED girl, virgin, maiden] n. maidenhood. Q. wendele. [PE17:191]  gwen, gwend
gwîn [< WIN young] n. youth. Q. víne. [PE17:191]  gwein
H
hae [-] adv. very far away. [PE17:25]  haer, haered, na-chaered
haer [-] adj. remote. [PE17:25]  hae, haered, na-chaered
Haerast [-] topon. ‘the Far Shore’, the east coast of Aman. The opposite coast of Nevrast. [PE17:27]  hae, Nevrast
haered [-] n. remoteness. [PE17:25]  hae, haer, na-chaered
Haldir [-] prop. n. [PE17:51]
han, pl1. hain [< pl1. hein] pron. that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes “hain = heinn (< san-)” (PE17:42). Im
Narvi hain echant ‘I Narvi made them’. [PE17:42]
har- [-] pref. left-hand, south. Q. hyar-. [PE17:18]  harn
harad [-] adj. south, southern. Q. hyarmen, hyarna. [PE17:18:88]  har-
harn [-] n. the South. Q. hyarmen. [PE17:18]  forn, har-
haudh {ð}[-] n. mound in sward. [PE17:116]
Haudh en ellas {ð}[-] topon. [PE17:97]  Haudh nan ellas
Haudh i nenghin {ð}[-] topon. nenghin << denghin. [PE17:133]
Haudh nan ellas {ð}[-] topon. [PE17:97]  Haudh en ellas
heledh {ð}[-] n. ‘looking-cristal’, looking-glass. [PE17:37]  Nen Cenedril
Helevorn [= Heleðvorn] topon. ‘Black Glass’, a lake near the Dwarf-regions in north of Dor Caranthir. Dw. Narag-zâram.
[PE17:37]  heledh
hen, pl1. hin [-] dem. pron. this. [PE17:44]
Henneth Annûn [-] topon. [PE17:64]  Annûn
Herufin [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
heruin [< kherū Lord, Master] n. lady. [PE17:97]  heryn, Rocheruin
heryn [< kherū Lord, Master] n. lady. [PE17:97]  heruin, Rocheryn
heryna [-] n. & poss. suff. of the lady. [PE17:97]  -a
hi [-] adv. now. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! ‘Elvish gate open now for us’. [PE17:45]
hî [-] adv. now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. [PE17:27:127]  thî
hin [-] [PE17:127]
hithlain [< ? LAN stretch, extend or ? twine] n. ‘mist thread’, wrap. Q. hísilanya. [PE17:60]
Hithlû [-] topon. pure Sindarin form of Hilthlum. [PE17:133]
Hithlum [-] topon. a name in a dialect of the North, S. Hilthlû. [PE17:133]
hithren [-] adj. grey. [PE17:140]  thind
hlô [-] n. flood. [PE17:96]
hlôn [-] [PE17:136]
Hôđ i ndechina [-] topon. [PE17:133]
Hôđ indencin [-] topon. [PE17:133]

hollen [< KHOL, SKOL shut, close] adj. shut. [PE17:98]
hoth [< khottă < KHOT gather, together in confusion, jumble] n. host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense
in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. [PE17:39]  glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur
hross [-] n. foam. [PE17:121]  ross
hû 1a [-] n. spirit, shadow. [PE17:86]
hû 1b [< khōgo] n. hound. Q. hú. The gloss might be ‘heat’. [PE17:86]
huorn [-] n. ? tree. The question mark is in the manuscript. [PE17:86]  hû
HW
hwa [< SWAW] n. #breeze. [PE17:34]  hwá
hwá [< SWAW] n. #breeze. [PE17:34]  hwa
I
i, pl1. in [-] art. the. [PE17:39:42:44:66:96:102:117:147]
iâ [< YAG] n. chasm, pit. [PE17:35]  Moria
-ian 1a [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced from -iand(a). Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to
the Q. gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:37]  -iand, -ianda
-ian 1b, pl1. -ien [< yandē a wide region or country] suff. regional ending. Older form than -ion. -ien was often used of a
single varied region (e.g. Anórien, Ithilien). Such words were still pl. with article (in Anórien). [PE17:42]  -iand, -ion
iand [< YAN, YAD wide] suff. [PE17:115]  -iann, -ion
-iand 1a [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ian. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the
Q. gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:29:37]  -ian, -ianda
-iand 1b, pl1. -iend [< yandē a wide region or country] suff. regional ending. Older form than -ion. -ien(d) was often used of
a single varied region (e.g. Anórien, Ithilien). [PE17:42:170]  -and, -ian, -ion
-ianda [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ian. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q.
gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:37]  -ian, -iand
-iann [< YAN, YAD wide] suff. [PE17:115]  iand, -ion
iaun [< YAN vast, huge] adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. [PE17:42:99]  -ion
íd [< IT prefix of (great) enhancement] adv. Extremely, very. A word seldom used. [PE17:112]  Ídril
ídha [< ID desire] v. long for, desire. [PE17:112]  ídhra, ídhril
Ídhil [< ID desire + RIL brilliant] [PE17:112]  ídha
ídhra {ð}[< ID desire] v. long for, desire. [PE17:112]  ídha, ídhril
Ídhril [< ID desire, long for + RIL brilliant] prop. n. [PE17:112]
Ídhril {ð}[< ID desire + RIL brilliant] [PE17:112]  ídhra
Idril [< ID desire, long for + RIL brilliant] prop. n. [PE17:112]
Ídril [< ID desire, long for + RIL brilliant] prop. n. Tolkien proposed that this name was Sindarized from Q. Írilde, by
association with RIL ‘brilliant’, or *Íđhil. [PE17:112]
Ídril [< IT prefix of (great) enhancement + RIL brilliant] prop. n. Q. Ítaril(le). Tolkien proposed that this name was
Sindarized for Írilde from Idhil associated with -ril. [PE17:112]  íd
-iel [-] fem. suff. It corresponds to masc. -we. Q. -iel. [PE17:23]
-ien 1a [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced from -iend(e). Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to
the Q. gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:37]  -iend, -iende
-ien 1b [< (i)ondī, ondie, onde, -ionī] fem. suff. used in patronimics. [PE17:170]  -en, -ion, -on
-iend [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ien. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q.
gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:37]  -ien, -iende
-iende [-] suff. a suffix in names of regions. Reduced in -ien. Tolkien proposed but finally rejected a borrowing to the Q.
gen. pl1. -ion. [PE17:37]  -ien, -iend
îf [< *īb- < IBI] n. a cliff, a sheer descent. [PE17:92]
igil [-] [PE17:140-2]
Igli [-] n. a name used for the Noldor. [PE17:141]
-il [-] suff. point, ending. [PE17:55]  niphredil, til
im [-] 1st sg. pron. emphatic separate nominative ‘I, I myself’. O.Q. imne. Tolkien notes that “Im unclear if m of sg. 1 or
reflexive singular” (PE17:41). Im Narvi hain echant ‘I Narvi made them’. [PE17:41:46]  ech, est, minno
i·mair en Nengin [-] topon. ‘the houses of the Slain’. [PE17:97]  i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mbair en Nengin
i·mbair en Ndengin [-] topon. ‘the houses of the Slain’. [PE17:97]  i·mair en Nengin, i·mbair en Nengin
i·mbair en Nengin [-] topon. ‘the houses of the Slain’. [PE17:97]  i·mbair en Ndengin, i·mair en Nengin
imlad [< imbilat < imbi-lăta] n. [PE17:87:89]  Imladris
Imladris [< S. imlad + S. riss < imbilat + rinsa < ? + RIS cut] topon. [PE17:87]  imlad, riss
imp [-] card. numb. twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. [PE17:95]  imp
Inglor [-] prop. n. [PE17:118]
Ingol [-] prop. n. Sindarized form of Q. Ingoldo. [PE17:117]
Ingolfin [< Q. Ingoldofinwe] prop. n. [PE17:117-8]
Ingolt [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
-ion 1a [< S. iaun large, extensive, wide < ı9aun < yānā < YANA < yā- wide, large, extensive] suff. regional ending. In older
names, it usually applied only to a single feature (e.g. Sirion ‘the Great Stream’). It was esp. applied to topographical
features of large extent, esp. long, wide river, long (and wide) ranges. It was mostly used in post-Exilic times and
so was probably partly due to Quenya influences. [PE17:37:42-3]  -on, Eregion, Nanduhirion, Sirion
-ion 1b [< YAN, YAD wide] suff. [PE17:115]  ian, -iann
-ion 1c [< -(i)ŏn, -(ĭ)ondo] masc. suff. used in patronimics. [PE17:170]  -en, -ien, -on
-ir [-] suff. past tense of intransitive verb. A letter, probably an s, was added in pencil above the ending -ir. [PE17:126] 
agarfant, -nt
irin [-] [PE17:100]  alfirin
írui [< IR verbal ‘desire’] adj. desirable, lovely (mostly applied to persons, esp. women). [PE17:155]
-ita [-] suff. general infinitive. [PE17:68]
Ithil [-] n. Astron. Moon. Q. Isil. [PE17:30:39:121]  Anor, ithildin
ithildin 1a [< S. Ithil the moon + S. tin spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars)] n. ‘moon-star(light)’. Tolkien notes
also that it “Should be ithildim” (PE17:39). [PE17:39]
ithildin 1b [< ithil-din < ? + TIN sparkle, spark] n. ‘moon-star’, the magic alloy starmoon. [PE17:66]  Ithil, tîn
L
laeb [< laiqua] adj. green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin. [PE17:153]
laeg 1a [< laikā] adj. green. [PE17:84]  Legolas
laeg 1b [< LAY] adj. green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika. [PE17:159]
laew [< LAY] adj. fresh. [PE17:159]
laich pl1. lîch [< leχı9 < liχı9ā < lisyā sweet] [PE17:148]
lam [-] n. tongue. Q. lambe. [PE17:46]  lammen
lammen [-] n. & poss. suff. my tongue. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen ‘doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of
my tongue’. Q. lambenya. [PE17:46]  -en, lam
Landroval [-] prop. n. ‘Broad winged’. [PE17:63]  raw, rov-, roval
lang [< *langō < LAƷA cross, pass over, go beyond] n. a passage (physical). Originally applied to any route or connecting
link between two places or large objects, esp. such as enable one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as
mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus, etc. Later applied to narrower parts of a structure
serving to join larger parts, esp. the ‘neck’ of men and animals. [PE17:91-2] Achad Tarlang
las, pl1. lais [< SLAS ear] n. leaf. Only applied to certain kinds of leaves, esp. those of trees, and would not e.g. be used
of leaf of hyacinth. It is thus possibly related to LAS ‘listen’, and S-LAS stem of Elvish words for ‘ear’. Q. lasse, pl1.
lassi. [PE17:62:77]
lasgalen [-] n. leaf green. [PE17:119]
lass [-] n. leaf. [PE17:49]  athelas, las
lasta- [-] v. listen, give ear. Q. lasta-. [PE17:46]  lasto
lasto [-] v. imp. of lasta- give ear, listen. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen ‘doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of
my tongue’. [PE17:46]  lasta-
law [< LOW] Q. lū. [PE17:137]
le 1 [-] 2nd sg. polite pron. (to) thee/you. A Q. borrowing in the S. used by the Noldor or mixed peoples, replacing the pure
S. form de, dhe [= ðe] which remained in use in Doriath and in the Havens. Fanuilos le linnathon lit. ‘Fanuilos to thee
will I chant’. [PE17:26:94]
le 2 [< delwa] adj. thick, of single thing. Tolkien seems to consider that it is not a suitable Sindarin form. [PE17:17]
leben [-] card. numb. five. Q. lepen, lempe. [PE17:95]  eneg
Lebennin [< S. leben-nin] topon. [PE17:95]
lebethron [< lepeth-orn] n. Bot. name of a hard-wood tree growing in Gondor (Ithilien). Q lepetta. Also used as word for
the wood which took a high polish, lebethorn being altered to lebethron and associated with RUN ‘rub, grind, smooth,
polish’. [PE17:89:103]  ron
ledhbas {ð}[-] n. ‘way-bread’. A form of lembas if the stem LED had remained in common use. [PE17:52]  lembas
Legolas 1a [< S. laeg green + go-lass foliage] prop. n. A Sindarin name. [PE17:51:84]  golas, laeg
legolas 1b [= leg-olas < LAY + ?] n. ‘green foliage’. [PE17:159]  golas(s)
leich [< lisya < (G)LIS] [PE17:154]

leich pl1. lîch [< leχı9 < liχı9ā < lisyā sweet] [PE17:148]
-lein [-] 2nd sg. poss. suff. your. Maybe the polite form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -
el. [PE17:46]  -el
lembas [< led(e)mbasse bread taken on leaving home (for a journey)] n. ‘way-bread’. Q. lerembas. [PE17:51-2:60]  ledhbas
leweg [< LEWEK worm] n. snake. [PE17:160]
lî [-] n. a people of one kind or origin. [PE17:190]  gwaith, rim
lim [< *lĭmbĭ] adj. swift. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. ‘Run swift, run swift Asfaloth’. Q. limbe, #linta. [PE17:18:147]
lind [-] n. a chant, song. [PE17:27]  linn
linn [-] n. a chant, song. [PE17:27]  lind
linna- [< S. lind, linn a chant, song] v. to sing a song. [PE17:27]  linnathon
linnathon [-] v. fut. 1st sg. ‘I will sing a song’, future of linna-. Fanuilos le linnathon lit. ‘Fanuilos to thee will I chant’.
[PE17:20-1:27]  linna-
linnod [-] n. [PE17:62:117]
lithui [-] adj. [PE17:87:173]  -ui
lô 1a [-] n. flood. [PE17:96]
lô 1b [< *hlaw, hlô < slaw, slō < slōw9 < slowā < SLOW flow freely (fully)] [PE17:137]
-lô [-] suff. applied to rivers always full of water. [PE17:96]  hlô, lô, Ringlô
lô [< (s)lowā < (S)LOW9] adj. blue. [PE17:136]
lo [< law < lawa < LOWO] [PE17:137]
-lo 1a [< law < lawa < LOWO] suff. [PE17:137]
-lo 1b [< LOW] suff. Q. lū. [PE17:137]
-ló {ō}[-] suff. applied to rivers always full of water, at all seasons draining from mountains, as ringlo, gwathlo. [PE17:137]
los {ŏ}[< LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass)] n. snow. Q. losse. [PE17:161]  glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth
loss [< LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass)] n. snow. Q. losse. [PE17:161]  glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth
Losshoth [< LOS snow (as a substance or a white mass) + ?] pl2. n. people living in far North. [PE17:161]  los, loss
Lossoth [= Loss-(h)oth] pl2. n. the unfriendly Northern folk who lived in the snow. [PE17:39:161]  hoth
loth 1a [< lotho/a] n. flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs. [PE17:26]
loth 1b [< LOT, LOTH flower] n. a flower (of defined shape). Q. lóte. [PE17:48:161]  Lothlórien, Lothlúrien, Lothlýrian
Lothlórien [-] topon. ‘Dreamflower’, the land of Galadriel. Pure S. Lothlýrian/Lothlúrien. [PE17:48]  loth
Lothlúrien [-] topon. ‘Dreamflower’, the land of Galadriel. Pure S. of Lothlórien. [PE17:48]  loth, Lothlórien, Lothlýrian
Lothlýrian [-] topon. ‘Dreamflower’, the land of Galadriel. Pure S. of Lothlórien. [PE17:48]  loth, Lothlórien, Lothlúrien
luin [< *luini- blue] adj. blue. [PE17:136]
lúth [< LOT, LOTH flower] n. Bot. blossom, inflorescence. [PE17:15:161]  Lúthien
Lúthien [< LOT, LOTH flower + ?] prop. n. ‘Daughter of Flowers’. Melian was esp. associated with the flowers in Lórien.
[PE17:15:161]  lúth
lýg [< LEWEK worm] n. snake. Q. leuka. [PE17:121:160]
LH
lheweg, du. lhaw [< slasū < S-LAS ear] n. ear. Q. hlas, du. hlaru. [PE17:62:77]  brand, brann
lhoer [< SLOY] n. venom, poison(ousness). Q. hloire. [PE17:185]
lhoew [< SLOY] [PE17:185]
lhôn [< LON, SLON noise] n. a noise. Q. hlóna. [PE17:138]
lhûg [< (s)lōkō reptile, snake, worm < LOK bend, loop, etc.] n. Q. hlóke, lóke. (s)lōkō << (s)lōkā. [PE17:160]
lhûn 1a [< (s)lōnō-] n. deep of water. Tolkien notes that this word was “applied originally to the Gulf”. [PE17:137]
lhûn 1b [< S. slûn < adj. slounā full of water in spate < S-LOUNI] applied to rivers always full of water, at all seasons
draining from mountains, as ringlo, gwathlo. [PE17:137]
Lhûn [< SLOUN, SLŌN or SLŪN] topon. [PE17:136]
M
-m 1a [-] 1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-m 1b [-] 1st pl. pron. suff. #we (probably the excl. form). Q. -mbe. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-m(m)id [-] 1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
ma [< *magā < MAGA to thrive, be in good state] adj. good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection ‘good, excellent,
that’s right’. [PE17:162]
maden [< mantina] v. old aor. [PE17:131]
madu [< madw9 < matwā] [PE17:148]  maud
madweg [-] adj. gluttonous. [PE17:144]  -weg

mae 1a [< (maZĕ <) măgē] adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !’.[PE17:16]
mae 1b [< either MAY or MAG] adv. well. [PE17:131:162]  mael
mae- [< MAY excellent, admirable] pref. Q. mai-. [PE17:163]  maeron
mae- [< (A)MAY suitable, useful, prosper, serviceable, right] pref. Q. mai- [PE17:172]  maer
mae-govannen [< ? – KOB, KOM gather, collect, bring to same place/point] weak intr. v. well met. [PE17:157]
mael [-] adj. well. adjective << adverb. [PE17:162]  mae
maen [< MAY excellent, admirable] n. a treasure. Q. maina a thing of excellence, a treasure (O.E. máþum). [PE17:163]
maer 1a [< MAY] adj. good. [PE17:162]
maer 1b [< MAY excellent, admirable] adj. excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. [PE17:163]  maer-, maeron
maer [< (A)MAY suitable, useful, prosper, serviceable, right] adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira
excellent. [PE17:172]  mae-
maeron [< MAY prob. ‘make’ (in artistic sense as in poi»thj)] n. artist. It usually, but not necessarily, implied a poet. Q.
maitar. [PE17:163]
maeth [prob. < MAG] n. management. Q. maht(i)e. [PE17:140:161]  maetha-
maetha- 1a [< MAƷ] v. to handle. Q. mahta-. [PE17:69]
maetha- 1b [prob. < MAG] v. to handle, treat, manage, etc. Q. mahta-. [PE17:161]  maeth
maetha- 1c [< MAƷ serve, be of use] v. use, wield. Q. mahta-. [PE17:162]  maw
maewia [-] pl. n. & poss. suff. of gulls. glim maewion, ~ maewia ‘(the) voices of gulls’. [PE17:97]  -a, maewion
maewion [-] pl. n. & poss. suff. of gulls. glim maewion, ~ maewia ‘(the) voices of gulls’. [PE17:97]  -a, maewia
mâf [-] n. a pile or mass of rock or earth. [PE17:93]
-main [-] 1st pl. poss. suff. our. Maybe the excl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -
em. [PE17:46]  -em, -men
malh [-] adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. [PE17:51]  mall, mallorn
mall [-] adj. #golden. This word is not explicitly presented as S. [PE17:51]  malh, mallorn
mallorn, pl1. mellyrn [-] pl1. n. Bot. ‘golden-tree’. It was a gift from Gil-galad, who had the seed from Eressea (by way
of Númenor). [PE17:48:51:110]  malh, mall
mallos [-] n. Bot. golden flower. [PE17:100]
mannen [< mantinā] v. aor. [PE17:131]
manthen [< mantinā] v. aor. [PE17:131]
Manwe [< ? + WEG, WEƷ] prop. n. Q. Manwe. [PE17:190]
maud [< madw9 < matwā] [PE17:148]  madu
maw [< MAƷ serve, be of use] n. Poet. hand. Q. má. [PE17:162]  maetha-
medui [-] adj. end, final, last. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !’. m > v after
preposition. [PE17:16]
megil [-] n. sword. i·arben na megil and ‘The Knight of the Long Sword’. [PE17:147]
meiniel [-] maybe a fem. form of Manwe. Q. manyel. [PE17:190]
mell [< meldā < melnā < MEL love] adj. dear, beloved. Q. melda. [PE17:41]
mellon [< melnā < MEL love] n. friend. Pedo mellon a minno! ‘Say friend and enter’. [PE17:41]
-men [-] 1st pl. poss. suff. our. Maybe the excl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -
em. [PE17:46]  -em, -main
men [-] 2nd pl. pron. us. [PE17:378]  ammen
menel 1a [-] n. Firmament. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. ‘from Firmament glory of the stars !’. [PE17:20-1]
menel 1b [-] n. the heavens, the apparent dome of the sky. Probably a Quenya word introduced into Sindarin. It was a
‘pictorial’ word, as the lore of the Eldar and the Númenoreans know much astronomy. [PE17:24]
Menwi [< ? + WĒ? WEƷ ‘person’, individual (only used of Elves and Men)] prop. n. Q. Manwe. [PE17:189]
milbar 1a [< *mīl(a)mbar < mēlā(-mbar] n. ‘beloved dwelling’, applied to the places best known and most frequented. It was
used to derive Q. mélamar. [PE17:109]
milbar 1b [< mîl-mbar < mēlā(-mbar < ? + *mbar or mbardă < ? + MBAR settle] n. ‘dear home’, the place of one’s birth, or
desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile. [PE17:164]
mimp [-] card. numb. eleven. Q. minque. [PE17:95]  imp
min [-] card. numb. one. Q. min. [PE17:95]  er, tad
Minas Morgul [-] topon. ‘Tower of Sorcery’. [PE17:31]  Minas Tirith
Minas Tirith [-] topon. ‘Tower of Watch’, the great ‘home’ of Finrod, a fort built on an island in Sirion and intended to
command access into Beleriand from the North. [PE17:31:104]  Minas Morgul
minna- [< MI in] v. go in, enter. [PE17:41]  minno
minno [< MI in] v. imp. of minna- enter. Pedo mellon a minno! ‘Say friend and enter’. [PE17:41]  minna-
mîr 1a [< MIR esteem, value] n. a treasure, a jewel. Q. mire a treasure, a precious thing. [PE17:24:37:121]   míria-,
míriel, miruvor
mîr 1b [< MĬR precious] n. jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. [PE17:165]  advir
míria- [-] v. to shine like a mîr or jewel, to sparkle like jewels. [PE17:24] mîr, míriel
míriel [-] adj. or quasi-adverb like a jewel, shining jewel-like. In origin a participial form of verb míria-. silivren penna míriel
lit. ‘glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)’. [PE17:20-1:24]  míria-
miruvor [-] n. S. form taken by borrowed Q. word miruvóre (< MIR esteem, value). [PE17:37]  mîr
mith [-] adj. grey, light grey. [PE17:47:60:140]  Mithrandir, mithril
mîth [-] [PE17:140]
mithir [-] [PE17:140]
Mithrandir [-] prop. n. ‘Grey Pilgrim’, a name of Gandalf. [PE17:47:60]  mith, randir
mithrel [-] [PE17:140]
mithril [-] [PE17:140]
mithril [-] n. [PE17:47:49]  mith, ril
mithrim [-] [PE17:140]
Mîthrim [-] pl2. n. translated Sindar in Quenya. [PE17:140]
mithrin [-] [PE17:140]
mithron, pl1. mithryn [-] [PE17:140]
mor [-] adj. black. [PE17:31]
mor- [-] pref. black. [PE17:35]  Moria, morn-
Morannon [< MOR black + ?] topon. [PE17:73:87]  annon, mor
moravar [-] n. #‘Dark-Elf’. [PE17:139]
morben, pl1. mœrbin, pl2. morbennath [-] n. ‘Dark-elf’, excluding the Sindar. [PE17:141]
morbenedh, pl1. morbenidh {ð}[-] n. #‘Dark-Elf’. [PE17:140-1]  penedh
Mordor 1a [< MOR black + ?] topon. [PE17:73]  mor
Mordor 1b [< morn-ndor] topon. [PE17:118]
Moredhel, pl1. Moredhil {ð}[-] n. ‘Dark-Elf’, distinguished from the Sindar (and usually also the Nandor). Q. Avar.
[PE17:139-41]
Morgai [-] topon. ‘Black fence’. [PE17:101]  mor
Morgoth [< MOR black + ?] prop. n. [PE17:162:173:175]  mor
Moria [< S. mor(n)- black + S. iâ chasm, pit] topon. ‘Black Pit, Black Chasm’. [PE17:35:40]
morn [-] adj. black. [PE17:101]  mor, Morgai
morn- [-] pref. black. [PE17:31:35]  Moria, mor-
Morthond [-] topon. Black Root. [PE17:96]  mor, thond
N
-n [-] 1st sg. pron. suff. #I. Q. -n(ye). See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
n’ [< nā < ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] prep. to, towards (of spacetime); form of na before vowels. [PE17:147] 
na
na 1 [-] poss. art. used with subject, e.g. roch na-heryna ‘the horse of (the) lady’. [PE17:97]  an, roch na-heryna
na 2a [-] prep. at (a point of time or place). Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g’ovannen. ‘Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !’.
[PE17:16]
na 2b [-] prep. to. Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. ‘To-distance (remote) after-gazing’. [PE17:20-1:25]  na-chaered
na 2c [< ANA/NĀ ‘allative’ base] prep. like French à, provided with, marked by, with, etc.. [PE17:82]
na 2d [< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] prep. ‘with’, possessing, provided with, esp. of characteristic feature. nan
before vowels. Orod na Thôn ‘Mount of the Pines Tree(s)’. [PE17:147]
na 2e [< nā < ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] prep. to, towards (of spacetime). n’ before vowels. [PE17:147]
naer [< NAY cause bitter pain or grief] adj. dreadful, horrible, unendurable. Q. naira. [PE17:151]
Naith [-] topon. [PE17:51]
naith [< nek-tē < NEK] n. angle. Q. nehte. [PE17:55]  neith
nalla [-] v. maybe 3rd sg. aorist, he calls. [PE17:94]
nallan [-] n. a call. nallan << nallon (by adding a stroke on o). In the glose ‘a call’, ‘a’ is uncertain, the correct reading
possibly ‘to’ or ‘my’. In the end, nallan was emended to nallon in the 2nd edition of LotR. [PE17:94]
nallar [-] v. maybe 3rd pl. aorist, they call. [PE17:94]
nalloth [-] v. maybe 2nd sg. aorist, you call. [PE17:94]
nan 1 [-] n. vale. [PE17:37:83]  nand, Nanduhirion
nan 2 [< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] prep. ‘with’, possessing, provided with, esp. of characteristic feature. Form
of na before vowels. [PE17:147]
nand [-] n. vale. [PE17:37:83]  nan, Nanduhirion
Nanduhirion [< S. nan(d) vale + S. dû dimness + S. sîr stream + -(i)on a suff. in names of regions] topon. ‘Vale of Dim Streams’,
Dimrill Dale. Dw. Azanul-bizar. [PE17:35:37]
Nan Gondresgion [-] topon. ‘Stonewain Valley’, so named because of the great road for heavy drags (plateforms on
wheels) and wains, used in the quarries of Min-Rimmon that ran through it. Q. Nand’ Ondoluncava,
Ondoluncavand(do), Ondolunquanan(do), O.E. Stānwægna Dæl. [PE17:28]
Nargothrond [< Dw. Nar(u)kuthûn] topon. [PE17:47]  Narog
Narog 1a [ prob. < Dw. Narâg < NRG black] topon. -. [PE17:37]
Narog 1b [< ? naruka] topon. [PE17:47]  Nargothrond
nathal [< NATH welcome, be kind to] n. guest. [PE17:141]
nathlo [< NATH welcome, be kind to] [PE17:141]
naug [-] n. dwarf. [PE17:46]  cadhad, nogon, nogoth
naur [-] n. fire. naur an edraith ammen! ‘fire [be] for rescue/saving for us’. Q. nár. [PE17:38:101]  Sammath Naur
-nc 1a [-] 1st pl. pron. suff. #we (probably the incl. form). Q. -lme. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
-nc 1b [-] 1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
neder [-] card. numb. nine. Q. nerte. [PE17:95]  cae, caen-
nef [< *nebā < NEB turn towards (speaker)] adv. on this (the speaker’s) side. *nebā << *nibā; NEB << NIB. aear, sí nef aearon
lit. ‘beyond the Sea, here beyond the Great Sea’. [PE17:20-1:27]
negen [-] adj. sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. [PE17:55]  negn
negn [-] adj. sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. [PE17:55]  negen
neith [< nek-tē < NEK] n. angle. Q. nehte. [PE17:55]  naith
neithan [< NEK deprive] n. one deprived, exile whose rights and goods have been confiscated. Q. nehtanō. [PE17:167]
nel [-] card. numb. three. Q. nelde. [PE17:95] can, canad, neledh
Neldoreth [-] topon. a forest of beeches. [PE17:81]
neledh {ð}[-] card. numb. three. Q. nelde. [PE17:95] can, canad, nel
nellir [-] [PE17:141]
nen {ĕ}[< NEN water] n. water, lake. Q. nén. [PE17:52:77]  nîn
Nen Cenedril [-] topon. ‘Lake looking-cristal’, Mirrormere. Dw. Kheled-zâram. Nen Cenedril << Nen Singil. [PE17:35]
Nen Singil [-] topon. Mirrormere. Nen Cenedril << Nen Singil. [PE17:35]
nev mut. of nef [PE17:27]  Nevrast
Nevrast [-] topon. ‘Hither Shore’, the coast on the Middle-earth side of the Great Sea, hence the extreme west-coast of
Middle-earth. It became used especially of the coast-land and its immediate hinterland between Dengrist and the
Havens, where Turgon first dwelt. The opposite was Haerast. [PE17:27]  Haerast, nev
niben-nog [-] n. Petty dwarf. [PE17:46]  cadhad, noged, nogon, nogoth
nim 1a [< T. nimbi white] adj. white. [PE17:19]  Nimbrethil
nim 1b [< nimbĭ < nimpĭ] adj. white (usual word). [PE17:168]  nimp, nimras
nimbrethil [-] n. Bot. ‘white princess’, silver birch. Fuller form of brethil. [PE17:23]  brethil, fimbrethil
Nimbrethil 1a [-] prop. n. ‘Silver Birches’. [PE17:19]  brethil I, nim
Nimbrethil 1b [-] prop. n. ‘White Princess’. [PE17:19]  brethil II, nim
nimp [-] adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). [PE17:55:168]  niphred
nimphelos [-] n. Bot. [PE17:168]  nimp
nimrais [-] pl1. n. white-peaks, pale-horns. [PE17:33]
nimras, pl1. nimrais [-] n. pale-horn, snow peak. Q. níquetil. [PE17:89:168]  nim
Nimrodel [-] topon. name of a stream, originally of an Elven-maid loved by Amroth, King of Lórien. Nim is T. nimbi
white. -rodel could be S. and mean ‘lofty star’, but it could also contain an element seen in S. -roth, rod < ROT
‘cave’, or be feminine, from rodel ‘lady, high lady’. Tolkien notes also this name is “suitable to S. sounds and
patterns” but is “not clearly etymologizable as S.” (PE17:51). [PE17:49:51]
-nin [-] 1st sg. poss. suff. my. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -en. [PE17:46]  -en
nin [-] pron. me. [PE17:95]
nîn [< nēnā < NEN water] adj. wet. Q. nenya. [PE17:52:61]  Nindalf
Nindalf [-] topon. ‘wet flat’. Q. nindatalma. [PE17:52:61]  nîn, talf

nindalf [<NĒ(N water + ?] n. Q. nēn-talma. [PE17:167]
nínedhel {ð}[-] n. [PE17:139]

niphred [< ni(m)phred < ni(m)phraed] n. pallor. [PE17:55:168]  nimp, niphredil
niphredil [< S. niphred pallor + S. til or -il point, ending] n. Bot. a pale white flower (like snowdrop). [PE17:55:168]  -il,
niphred, til
noegin [-] n. little dwarf. [PE17:45]  cadhad, nogon, nogoth
noged, pl1. nœgid [-] n. Petty dwarf. [PE17:46]  cadhad, nogon, nogoth
nogon, pl1. nogoth, pl2. nogothrim, naugrim [-] n. dwarf. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen ‘doorway of the Dwarf-folk
listen to the words of my tongue’. Tolkien first glosed nogoth as ‘a dwarf’. [PE17:45-6]  noegin, nogoth
nogoth, pl1. negyth, pl2. naugrim, nogrim, nogothrim, nogothlir [< naugoth] n. big Dwarf, dwarf. [PE17:45-6] 
cadhad, noegin, nogon
noll [< nold-] n. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. [PE17:141]
nollon [< nold-] n. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. Probably a masculine form of noll.
[PE17:141]
nolt [-] [PE17:141]
nor- [< NOR run (or leap: of animals, men, etc.)] v. run (of men and animals using legs : not of fluids, etc.). Pret. onur.
[PE17:18:168]  noro, northa-
nordh {ð}[-] n. Bot. oak. A tree of the orn kind. Q. nordo. [PE17:25]  galadh, orn
noro [-] imp. of nor-, run. Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. ‘Run swift, run swift Asfaloth’. [PE17:18]  nor-
north [< NOR run (or leap: of animals, men, etc.) + ?] n. a riding, a race (of people running), a charge or gallop. Tolkien
notes the “curious accidental approach of words for race with sense kindred”. [PE17:168-9]  northa-
northa- [< NOR run (or leap: of animals, men, etc.) + ?] v. make run, specially of riding horses or other animals. Q. norta-.
[PE17:168]  nor-
nos(s) [-] n. race, tribe, people. Q. nóre. [PE17:169]
-nt [-] suff. past tense of transitive verb. [PE17:126]  agarfant, -ir
Nûrnen [< ngurū nenda] topon. Death, dead water. [PE17:87]  guru
NG
ngaur, pl2. ngaurhoth [< ÑGAW falsify, deform, disguise] n. ‘false, disguised, deformed’, wolf (pl.2 wolf-horde). gaur in
absolute initial position. Q. ñauro. [PE17:39]  hoth
-ngid [-] 1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
Ngolodhrim {ð}[-] pl2. n. [PE17:126]
nguruthos [< NGUR to die + ÞOS show dread of] n. shadow of death. [PE17:95]  guruthos
O
o [< au(t) < stem awa] prep. from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. ‘from
Firmament glory of the stars !’. [PE17:20-1:42:54]
-o [-] suff. imperative ending. [PE17:54]
o [< AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart] prep. from. [PE17:148]
o(g)gar [< OKO + ?] n. evil deed. rhugar << o(g)gar. [PE17:170]  ogol, ogron, rhugar
odog [-] card. numb. seven. Q. otos. [PE17:95]  tolod
oew [< *okma < OKO evil, bad] n. an evil deed. Q. ongwe crime. [PE17:170]  ogol, ogron
og- [< OKO] pref. rhu- (SRUGU) << og- (OKO). [PE17:170]  ogol, ogron, rhu-
ogarol [< OKO + ?] adj. wicked, doing wrong. rhugarol << ogarol. [PE17:170]  ogol, ogron, rhugarol
ogdl [-] n. [PE17:142]
ogil, pl1. œgyl [-] n. [PE17:142]
ogl 1a [< okŏlō] n. [PE17:142]
ogl 1b, pl1. ygl [< oklō] n. [PE17:142]
ogl 2, pl1. egl, eigl, eigil [< UK, UKLA] Q. ulca. [PE17:149]
oglabar [-] n. [PE17:142]
ogol 1 [< *oklā < OKO evil, bad] adj. bad, evil, wrong. Q. olca bad, wicked. *oklā << *ōklā. [PE17:149:170]  oew, ogron
ogol 2a, pl1. egyl [< okŏlō pl. okoli] n. egyl < ogyl. [PE17:142]
ogol 2b, pl1. ygil, ygli [<oklō] n. [PE17:142]
ogolmar [-] n. [PE17:142]
ogron [< OKO evil, bad] n. a wicked or evil person. [PE17:170]  oew, ogol
-ol [-] suff. continuative participle. [PE17:144]  úgarol
-on 1a [-] suff. a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions. [PE17:37]  -ion, Nanduhirion
-on 1b, pl1. -yn [-] suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals. -or after n. [PE17:141]  -eth, -or
-on 1c [< -(i)ŏn, -(ĭ)ondo] masc. suff. used in patronimics. [PE17:170]  -en, -ion, -ien
ón {ō}[-] v. pa.t. of antha- gave. Used with dative : ōn annin. [PE17:93:147]
ónen [< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-] v. pa.t. & pron. suff. I gave. ónen i·Estel Edain ‘I gave the “Hope” (to) Men’.
[PE17:93:117:147]
onod, pl1. enyd, pl2. onodrim [-] n. Ent. [PE17:83]
onur [< NOR run (or leap: of animals, men, etc.)] v. pret. of nor- [PE17:168]  nor-
-or, pl1. -yr [-] suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals used after n. [PE17:141]  -on
orch, pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth [-] n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ. [PE17:47:52:54:127]
orn 1a [-] n. Bot. a tall tree. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. orne. [PE17:25:84:112]  Fangorn, galadh, nordh
orn 1b [-] n. upstanding plant, general word for tree. [PE17:153]
orod 1a, pl1. ered, pl2. #orodrim [-] n. mountain. Tolkien notes that “eryd > ered by late change, but y unstressed
remained in certain circumstances, e.g. before nasals” (PE17:33). [PE17:33:116]  dol, doll, Thangorodrim
orod 1b, pl1. eryd, ered [< OR, ORO, RŌ rise, mount] n. mount, mountain. Q. oro, orto. [PE17:63-4]
Orod na Thôn [-] topon. ‘Mount with Pine Tree(s)’. [PE17:82:147]  na, orod, thôn
Orodreth [< ? + RETE climb] prop. n. ‘mountainer’. [PE17:182]  -reth
oron 1a [-] n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. [PE17:89]  orn
oron 1b, pl1. œryn, eryn [-] n. Poet. upstanding plant, general word for tree. [PE17:153]  orn
Orophin [-] prop. n. [PE17:51]
oroth [< (U)RUÞ anger, rage, wrath] n. rage, anger. rage, anger << wrath. Q. ursa rage. [PE17:188]  rûth, ruthra-
Osgiliath [-] topon. -. [PE17:30]  Ostgiliath
Ossiriand [-] topon. ‘Land of Seven Rivers’. [PE17:81]
Ostgiliath [-] topon. -. [PE17:30]  Osgiliath
oth- [< UTHU] adj. unsuitable; bad, improper, useless, wrong. Q. ur(u). [PE17:172]
othgar(ed) [< UTHU general bad sense + ?] n. a mistake in speech. [PE17:151]  othgarn
othgarn [< UTHU general bad sense + ?] n. a misdeed. Q. uskare, uxare. [PE17:151]  dewin, dýl, dýr
Othol [-] [PE17:141]
P
pad- [-] v. walk, step. Q. pata-. [PE17:34]  Tharbad
pad [< pat-] n. track, road (only of ‘roads’ or tracks unpaved in open country). [PE17:34]
pâd 1a [< pata-] n. a step (action). [PE17:34]
pâd 1b [< pata-] n. ford. Also called athrad ‘crossing’. [PE17:34]
padra- [-] v. walk. [PE17:34]  pad-
paeth [-] probably related to Q. pahta ‘speech’. [PE17:126]  Golodhbaeth
palan [-] adj. probably a Quenya word introduced in Sindarin. Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. ‘To-distance (remote) after-
gazing’. [PE17:20-1:25]  hae, haered, na-chaered
paran [< PAR peel (hence bark, book)] adj. naked, bald, bare. Q. parne. [PE17:86:171]  baran, Dol Baran
parch [< PAR peel] adj. naked, of persons. Q. parka. [PE17:86]
paur (baur) [< kwārē < KWĂR squeeze, clench] n. fist. Q. quáre. [PE17:42]  Celebrimbor
ped- 1a [-] v. say. Q. quĕt-. [PE17:40]  pedo
ped- 1b [< PED fall in steep slant, incline, slope] [PE17:173]
pedo [-] v. imp. of ped- say. Pedo mellon a minno! ‘Say friend and enter’. [PE17:40]  ped-
pedweg [-] adj. talkative, saying a lot. [PE17:144]  -weg
pelennor [-] n. fenced land. [PE17:95]
pelennor [< PEL edge, bound, fence, limite + ?] n. fenced land. [PE17:65]
pen- 1a (ben-) [< PENE lack] pref. without, ~less. pen-adar ‘fatherless’. [PE17:34:144]  ben-, ú-
pen- 1b [< PEN lack, have not] pref. -less. [PE17:173]  penadar
pen- 1c [< kwenedē] pref. obsolete except in few names. [PE17:141]  -ben
pen- [< PEN lack, not have] pref. -less. Q. pen without, not having. [PE17:171]
pen [-] adv. lacking, without. [PE17:145]
pen- [< PENE lack] v. ‘have not’. penim vast ‘we have no bread’. [PE17:144]  ú-
Pen-adar (Ben-adar) [-] prop. n. ‘Fatherless’, a title of Tom Bombadil. [PE17:34]
penadar [< PEN lack, have not + ?] adj. ‘fatherless’. [PE17:173]  pen-
pen-bed [-] adj. not pronunceable (rather than ineffable). [PE17:145]
#pend 1, pl1. pind [< O.S. pend steep incline, hill side] n. slope. [PE17:24]  #penn
pend 2 [< *pendā steepy, sloping < PED fall in steep slant, incline, slope] adj. Q. penda. [PE17:173]  penn
penedh {ð}[< kwenedē < KWEN speak with rational words] n. historical form obsolete as specific ‘tribal’ or general, except
as element in certain proper-names. [PE17:140-1]
pengolodh {ð}[-] n. a teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor. Also used as a title or name. [PE17:139-40]  golodh
penim [-] v. & suff. we have not. [PE17:144]  -m
Penn [-] [PE17:141]
#penn 1, pl1. pinn [-] n. slope. [PE17:24]  #pend

penn 2 [< *pendā steepy, sloping < PED fall in steep slant, incline, slope] adj. Q. penda. [PE17:173]  pend
penna [< O.S. penna] v. 3rd sg. undefined of penna ‘come down’, originally ‘come down a slope or from a hill’. silivren
penna míriel lit. ‘glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)’. [PE17:20-1:24]  penna-
penna- [< PED fall in steep slant, incline, slope] v. come donw in a slant, fall. Q. weak v. penda- slope, incline. [PE17:173]
pen-nod [-] adj. without count. [PE17:145]
pen-noediad [-] adj. innumerable. [PE17:145]
penwaith [-] pl2. n. [PE17:141]
Perhael [< dāra wise] prop. n. ‘half-wise’, Samwise. [PE17:102]  Berhael, Daur
perian, pl1. #periain, pl2. #periannath [-] n. halfling. [PE17:66:100]  berain, pheriain, pheriannath
peth (beth) [< QUET say] n. word. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen ‘doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of
my tongue’. Q. quetta. [PE17:46]  beth
pind [< KWIN crest, salient or top edge] n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q.
quíne. [PE17:97:173]  pinn, Pinnath Gelin
pinn [< KWIN crest, salient or top edge] n. crest, ridge, esp. used of long (low) hill with a sharp ridge against skyline. Q.
quíne. [PE17:97:173]  pind, Pinnath Gelin
Pinnath Gelin 1a [-] topon. ‘Green Slopes’, ‘Green Crest/ridges’. Dialectal of late Gondorian Sindarin for the pl. pennath
blended with other plural forms pinn, pind. [PE17:24:97]  pind, pinn
Pinnath Gelin 1b [< KWIN crest, salient or top edge & ?] topon. ‘Green-crests’. [PE17:173]  pind, pinn
pirin [< PIRI close eyes, blink, wink] n. Bot. a flower that opened ans shut quickly with any change of light at [some? not?]
even a pansy closed. Q. pirinde, pirne. [PE17:146]
PH
phaw [< PHAW] Q. foa. [PE17:181]  faw
pheriain mutated form of #periain after article i [PE17:66:96]  perain
pheriannath mutated form of #periannath after article i [PE17:66:96:102]  perain
R
-r [-] 3rd pl. pron. suff. #they. Q. -r. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
raen [< RAYA ‘smile’, show pleasure or favour in facial expression] adj. smiling, gracious, sweet-faced. Q. raina. [PE17:182]
 Gilraen
raitha [< RIK strive] v. an e is written above raitha, prob. Indicating alternative forms reitha or retha. [PE17:167]
Rammas Echor [-] topon. [PE17:100]
randir [< RĂNĂ wander + ndir man] n. wandering man, pilgrim. [PE17:60]  Mithrandir
-rant [-] suff. -lode. Dw. nâla path, course, river-course or bed. [PE17:37]  -ian, -ianda
rasg, pl1.#resg [-] n. a drag or any large, flat vehicle on wheels or rollers for hauling stone or other weighty material. Q.
raxa. [PE17:28]  Nan Gondresgion
rass [-] n. horn. [PE17:36]  Caradhras
rath [-] n. street. [PE17:98]
rau- [< AR] pref. [PE17:147]
raud 1a [< (a)rātā] adj. tall, high, lofty, eminent, noble. Q. arta (< áratā). [PE17:49:118]  Nimrodel, rodel
raud 1b [< AR] adj. excellent, noble, eminent. [PE17:147]
raud 1c [< RAT tower up] adj. lofty. Q. rāta. [PE17:186]  arod, taer
raug [-] n. demon. Q. rauca. [PE17:48]  Balrog
raw [-] n. wing. Q. ráma, pl1. rámar. [PE17:63]  Landroval, rov-, roval
-red [< *raitē peculiar hue, (special) fashion – only applied to details and characteristics that were fair < SRIT (RIT?) varied
significance, ‘to complete a work or design, to add the final details and finishing touches’] suff. applied esp. to colours and
shapes. [PE17:185]  rhaed, -rhed
reitha [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
remmen, pl1. remmin [< rembinā, rembinī] adj. meshed, netted, woven. [PE17:26]  galadhremmen
Remmirath [-] n. Astron. lit. ‘The Netted Jewels’, the Pleiades. [PE17:14:24:121]
-reth [< RETE climb] suff. [PE17:182]  Orodreth
reth [< REÞ, RES ‘remain in same place’, be unmoved, patient] often in names. [PE17:182]  andreth, Arodreth
retto [< RETE climb] [PE17:182]  -reth
ril [-] n. brilliance, esp. used of white radiation. [PE17:47]  mithril
rim 1a [-] n. great number. [PE17:50]  rimb
rim 1b [-] n. a people of one kind or origin. [PE17:190]  gwaith, lî
-rim [-] pl. suff. general or group plural ending. [PE17:62]  -ath
rimb [-] n. great number. [PE17:50]  rim
Ringlo [-] [PE17:136]
Ringlô [-] topon. [PE17:96]  hlô, lô, -lô
riss [< rinsa < RIS cut] adj. cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. [PE17:87]  Imladris
rithanen [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
rithant [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
rithantem [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
rithantin [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
rithas [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
rithessin [< RIK strive] [PE17:167]  raitha
ro- [< AR] pref. [PE17:147]
roban [< (S)ROB, (D)ROB] n. wildness. [PE17:99]  rhovan
roch [-] n. Zoo. steed. [PE17:97]  Rocheryn
Roch e Cheruin [-] prop. n. ‘Steed of the Lady’, Aragorn’s steed given him by Arwen. Pure S. form, also Rocheryn <
Roch(ch)eruin, softened Gondor form Roheryn. [PE17:97]  Rocheruin, Rocheryn, Roheryn
roch na-heryna [-] prop. n. ‘the horse of (the) lady’, Aragorn’s steed given him by Arwen. [PE17:97]  heryna, na,
Rocheruin, Rocheryn, Roheryn
Rocheruin [-] prop. n. ‘Steed of the Lady’, Aragorn’s steed given him by Arwen. Pure S. form, also Roch e Cheruin,
softened Gondor form Roheryn. [PE17:97]  Roch e Cheruin, Rocheryn, Roheryn
Rocheryn [< Roch(ch)eruin] prop. n. ‘Steed of the Lady’, Aragorn’s steed given him by Arwen. Pure S. form, softened
Gondor form Roheryn. [PE17:97]  Roch e Cheruin, Rocheruin, Roheryn
-rod [-] suff. [PE17:118]
rod [< ROT cave] [PE17:49]  -roth
rodel 1a [-] n. lady, high lady. [PE17:49]  Nimrodel
rodel 1b [-] n. lofty star. [PE17:49]  Nimrodel
Rodon, pl1. Rodyn [< RAT tower up] n. ‘One of the High’, Vala. (Q. pl1.?) Artor. [PE17:33:118:186]  arod, raud
Roheryn [-] prop. n. ‘Steed of the Lady’, Aragorn’s steed given him by Arwen. Softened Gondor form of pure S.
Roch(ch)eruin > Rocheryn for Roch e Cheruin. [PE17:97]  Roch e Cheruin, Rocheruin, Rocheryn
ron [< RUN rub, grind, smooth, polish] v. smooth by polishing. Q. runda smooth, polish. RUN << RON. [PE17:89]
Ronhir [-] prop. n. probably cognate with (Q.?) Rondohēr. [PE17:117]
Ronthir [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
Rontir [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
ross [-] n. foam. [PE17:121]  hross
roth [-] n. cave. Q. rondo. [PE17:117]
-roth [< ROT cave] [PE17:49]  -rod
rov- [-] pref. wing. [PE17:63]  Landroval, raw, roval
rovaed [< AR + ?] [PE17:147]
roval [-] n. wing. [PE17:63]  Landroval, raw, rov-
#-ruin [< RUYU blaze (red)] suff. #fire. Q. ruine. [PE17:183]  Angruin
ruist [-] [PE17:183]
rûn [-] n. #east. Q. rómen. [PE17:88]
rúnavar [-] n. #‘East-Elf’. [PE17:139]

rúnedel [-] n. [PE17:142]
rúnedhel {ð}[-] [PE17:141]
rûth [< (U)RUÞ anger, rage, wrath] n. anger. Q. rúse wrath. [PE17:188]  oroth, ruthra-
ruthra- [< (U)RUÞ anger, rage, wrath] v. to rage. Q. ursa-. [PE17:188]  oroth, ruthra-
RH
rhae [-] adj. easy. Q. rhaia. [PE17:172]
rhaed [< *raitē peculiar hue, (special) fashion – only applied to details and characteristics that were fair < SRIT (RIT?) varied
significance, ‘to complete a work or design, to add the final details and finishing touches’] adj. applied esp. to colours and
shapes. rhaed << raed. [PE17:185]  -red, -rhed, rhîd
rhanc [< SRAK] adj. awry, akward. Q. hranga awkward, hard. [PE17:154]
rhaw [< S-RAB wild, in the senses ‘not tamed, domesticated’; hence often ‘fierce, savage, hostile (to Elves and Men’ < RAB
astray, wandering, unsettled] adj. wild. Q. hráva. Tolkien wrote this entry as “rhaw [f]” (PE17:78). [PE17:78]
-rhed [< *raitē peculiar hue, (special) fashion – only applied to details and characteristics that were fair < SRIT (RIT?) varied
significance, ‘to complete a work or design, to add the final details and finishing touches’] suff. applied esp. to colours and
shapes. [PE17:185]  -red, rhaed
rhîd [< *raitē peculiar hue, (special) fashion – only applied to details and characteristics that were fair < SRIT (RIT?) varied
significance, ‘to complete a work or design, to add the final details and finishing touches’] adj. applied esp. to colours and
shapes. Maybe the plural form of rhaed. [PE17:185]  -red, rhaed, -rhed
rhond [< RON solid, tangible, firm] n. body. [PE17:183]  rhonn, rhû
rhonn [< RON solid, tangible, firm] n. body. [PE17:183]  rhond, rhû
Rhovain [-] pl1. n. lit. ‘Wild-Men, Savages’. Q. pl1. Hrávani. [PE17:18]
rhovan 1a [< srāban < S-RAB wild, in the senses ‘not tamed, domesticated’; hence often ‘fierce, savage, hostile (to Elves and
Men’ < RAB astray, wandering, unsettled] n. a wild beast. Q. hrăvan. [PE17:78]
rhovan 1b [< (S)ROB, (D)ROB] n. wildness. [PE17:99]  roban
Rhovanion [< S-RAB wild, in the senses ‘not tamed, domesticated’; hence often ‘fierce, savage, hostile (to Elves and Men’ <
RAB astray, wandering, unsettled + ?] topon. Wilderland. [PE17:78]  rhaw
rhû 1a [-] adj. evil, wicked. Q. hruo. [PE17:115]  Rhudaur
rhû 1b [< S-RŪGU] adj. evil, wicked. Q. hrúa, hrúya. [PE17:170]  rhu-, Rhudaur
rhû 2 [< srōn < SRON < RON solid, tangible, firm] n. matter. rhû << rhū. [PE17:183]  rhond, rhonn
rhu- [< SRUGU] pref. rhu- (SRUGU) << og- (OKO). [PE17:170]  rhugar
Rhudaur [< S-RŪGU + ?] topon. ‘Troll shaw’. [PE17:115:170]  rhû
rhugar [< SRUGU + ?] n. evil deed. Q. rhúcare/rúcare evil-doing. rhugar << o(g)gar. [PE17:170]  rhugarol
rhugarol [< SRUGU + ?] adj. wicked, doing wrong. rhugarol << ogarol. [PE17:170]  rhugar
rhûn [-] n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. [PE17:18:96:122]  amrûn
Rhûnedain [-] pl1. n. lit. #‘Men of the East’, Men other than the Atani. Q. pl1. Hrónatani. [PE17:18]  rhûn
S
sadar, pl1. sedair [< *satarŏ < SAT|SATAR faithfull, trust, loyal; rely, steadfast, etc.] n. Poet. trusty follower, loyal companion
(member of “comitatus” of a lord, or prince). [PE17:183]  sadron
sador [< SAT|SATAR faithfull, trust, loyal; rely, steadfast, etc.] [PE17:183]  sadar, sadron
sadron, pl1. sedryn [< *satarŏ < SAT|SATAR faithfull, trust, loyal; rely, steadfast, etc.] n. Poet. trusty follower, loyal
companion (member of “comitatus” of a lord, or prince). Probably form of sadar with masc. suffix -on. [PE17:183]
 sadar
Sammath Naur [-] topon. [PE17:101]  naur
saur [< SAWA disgusting, foul, vile] adj. used in sense ‘bad’ of food etc., putrid. Tolkien seems to have rejected the root
SAWA, noting: “No. THAW-, cruel. saura, cruel. Gorthaur-.” [PE17:183-4]
Sauron [< SAWA disgusting, foul, vile] prop. n. used in Third Age Sindarin. It could be a genuine S. formation from saur,
but was prob. from Quenya. Tolkien seems to have rejected the root SAWA, noting: “No. THAW-, cruel. saura,
cruel. Gorthaur-.” [PE17:183-4]  saur
saw [< SAWA disgusting, foul, vile] n. filth, putrescence. Tolkien seems to have rejected the root SAWA, noting: “No.
THAW-, cruel. saura, cruel. Gorthaur-.” [PE17:183-4]
sen, pl1. sín {ī}[-] dem. pron. this. [PE17:44]
sereg [< SEREK blood] n. blood. Q. serke. [PE17:184]  seregorn
seregorn [< SEREK blood + ?] n. Bot. ‘blood of stone’, a kind of red flowered stone-crop. [PE17:184]  sereg
sevin [< SAM + ?] v. aor. & pron. suff. I have. Q. samin. [PE17:173]  -n
sí [< SĬ, SĬN position of speaker, ‘this’] adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually ‘now’). [PE17:27:67:94:127]
si {ī·}[-] adv. in this place (of speaker), here. [PE17:27]  sí
silef [-] n. crystal (white). [PE17:23]  silivren

silivren [-] adj. like silef ‘crystal’ (white). silivren penna míriel lit. ‘glittering slants-down sparkling (as jewels)’. [PE17:20-1:23]
sîr [-] n. stream. [PE17:37]  Nanduhirion
Sirion [< *siriānā] topon. properly ‘the Vale or lands about the River Síre’ or ‘the Great Stream’. [PE17:42-3]  -ion
-st [-] 3rd du. pron. suff. # (both of) them. Q. -sto. See paradigm PE17:132. [PE17:132]
súl 1a {ū}[-] n. hill; lump, clump, mass. [PE17:15]
sûl 1b [< sū] n. Q. sūre. [PE17:124]
T
tad [-] card. numb. two. Q. atta. [PE17:95] nel, neledh
tad [-] card. numb. two. [PE17:14]
taer 1a [< TAG] adj. lofty. Q. tāra. [PE17:186]
taer 1b [< tagra < TAƷ] adj. Q. tāra. [PE17:186]
taith [< tek-tā] n. a sign, symbol, mark. Q. tehta. [PE17:43]  teith, teithant
tâl [-] n. flat space, platform. Q. talan or talma. [PE17:52]  talan
talan, pl1. telain [< C.E. talam-] n. flat space, platform. Q. talan or talma. [PE17:52]  tâl
talf [-] n. a word applied to topographical flat areas, wang. [PE17:52:61]  Nindalf
taor [< tachaur < TASĀS] n. Bot. Poet. or Arch. #willow. [PE17:81]  tathar, taur
Tarlang [-] prop. n. ‘stiff-neck’, sc. ‘proud’, ‘the stiff, tough passage’. It could be the name of a man used to call the
narrow ‘col’ or passage over the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech. [PE17:92:98] Achad
Tarlang
tathar [< TAÞAR] n. Bot. #willow. [PE17:81]  taor, taur
taug [-] adj. firm, strong, ?withstand. Q. tauka stiff, wooden. [PE17:115]
taur 1a [< tachaur < TASĀS] n. Bot. Poet. or Arch. #willow. [PE17:81]  taor, tathar
taur 1b [< tau-rē forest < TAW wood] n. forest. Q. taure. [PE17:82:115]  taw
tavn [< *taman- < TAM construct] n. a thing made by handicraft. Q. taman. [PE17:107]
taw [< TAW wood] n. wood as material. Q. toa. [PE17:115]  taur
tawen, pl1. tewin [< tawĭnā < TAW wood] adj. wood – as material. Q. toina. [PE17:115]  taw
teith [< tek-tā] n. a sign, symbol, mark. Q. tehta. [PE17:43]  taith, teithant
teitha- [< S. teith, taith a sign, symbol, mark] v. make marks or signs, write, inscribe. [PE17:43]  taith, teith, teithant
teithant [< tekta-nt drew, wrote] v. pa.t. of teitha-. [PE17:43]  teitha-
teleir, pl1. telir, pl2. teleriath, telerwaith [< *teleryā] n. it became current as a general term to distinguish the Sindar
(and usually also the Nandor) from either the Noldor or the Dark-Elves. [PE17:139]
*terchil [-] pl1. n. ‘high-Men’, ancient name of the Edain. A S. form not used. Q. tarcildi, prob. Orkish tark. [PE17:101]  Adan
terech [< TOR secret, hide] n. secret hole, lair. [PE17:188]  torn
tew (dew), pl1. tiw [< *teiw < teñwa < TEÑ show, sign, indicate] n. letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. [PE17:44]  têw
téw, pl1. tíw {ē, ī}[< S. teŋw pl1. tiŋw < tekmā pl. tekmī (< tekmāi)] n. Ling. letter. [PE17:43:122]  tew
tewch [< teχw9 < teχwā < teswā ‘[?chip]’ ] [PE17:148]
til [-] n. point, ending. [PE17:55]  -il, niphredil

till [-] n. tine, spike, point. [PE17:36]  Celebdil
tin [-] n. spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). [PE17:39]  ithildin
tîn [< TIN sparkle, spark] n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star). [PE17:66]
Tinnúviel [-] prop. n. Q. Tindómiel. [PE17:190]

tíria [-] v. gaze, look at, watch. [PE17:25]  tirith
tíriel [-] adj. adjectival participial form of tíria. [PE17:25]  tِíria, tirith
tirith {1st ĭ}[-] n. watch, ward, guard. [PE17:25:31]  tíria, Minas Tirith
tíro [-] v. imp. look. [PE17:95]
tôl [-] v. pres. is coming. Tôl achar ‘vengeance is coming’. [PE17:166]
Tol Brandir [-] topon. ‘Isle of Great Steeples’, great upstanding mass ending in two major and two minor steeples (cf.
drawing PE17:22). [PE17:22:61]  brand
tolod [-] card. numb. eight. Q. tolto. [PE17:95]  neder
torech [-] n. secret hole, lair. [PE17:89]
torn 1, pl1. tyrn [-] n. burial mound. [PE17:116]  Tyrn Gorthad
torn 2 [< TOR secret, hide] adj. hidden, secret. [PE17:188]  terech
torog [-] n. troll. [PE17:136]
Turgon [-] prop. n. [PE17:117]
Turgond [< Turukondō < TUR power + KON lord] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Turgond- [< Q. Turondo < Turukundā] prop. n. ‘Lord of Stone’. [PE17:112]
Turgorn [< Turñgorna] prop. n. ‘Ruling Lord’. [PE17:113]
Turugon [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Turugond [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Turugorn [-] prop. n. [PE17:113]
Tyrn Gorthad [-] topon. [PE17:116]  gorthad, torn
TH
thang [-] n. presure, oppression. Q. sanga press, pressure, throng. [PE17:116]  Thangorodrim
Thangorodrim [-] topon. ‘Mountains of Tyranny’. [PE17:116]  thang
thar [-] adv. & prep. across. [PE17:14]
thar- [-] pref. across, over, properly ‘athwart’. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34. [PE17:34]
thara- {þ}[-] pref. original S. form of thar-. [PE17:34]  thar-
tharan [< THAR vigour (only in S.)] adj. vigorous. [PE17:27:187]  tharanduil, thranduil
tharanduil [-] n. vigorous spring. [PE17:27:187]  tharan, thranduil
Tharbad [-] topon. ‘Teeping Stones’, a crossing, a ford over which one could walk. [PE17:34]  pâd, thar-
thaun, pl1. thoen [< thānĭ-] n. Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. [PE17:81]  Dor I thoen, thôn
thaur [< SAWA bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched] Q. saura. [PE17:172]
Thend [-] [PE17:140]
thend 1a, pl1. thind, pl2. thindrim [-] n. probably intended to mean #‘Grey(-elf)’. thend << thind. [PE17:140]
thend 1b, pl2. thendrim, thennath [-] n. #Grey-Elf. Tolkien notes that in the plural forms “The e is analogical from
(rare) sg. thend” (PE17:141). [PE17:141]
thenn 1 [< *stenna short < STEN cut short, limit, confine, cramp] adj. Q. thenna, senna. [PE17:185]  esten
thenn 2, pl1. thinn [< thindā] n. Grey-Elf. Q. thinda, sinda. The form thinn is given with a dagger, indicating an archaic
or poetical form. [PE17:141]
thennes [-] fem. n. Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]  -es
thenneth [-] fem. n. Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]  -eth
Thennir [-] Thennir << Thinnir. [PE17:140]
thennon, pl1. thennyn [-] masc. n. Grey-Elf. Note the rule on the same page stating that the ending was “after n -or”.
[PE17:141]  -on
thennor, pl1. thennyr [-] masc. n. Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]
thent [< stentā] Q. thenta, senta. [PE17:141]
theria- [< THAR vigour (only in S.)] v. be vigorous, flourish. [PE17:187]
thî [-] adv. now. Q. sí. thî/hî << hî. [PE17:27]  hî
thin [< þindā grey] adj. grey. Q. sinda. [PE17:72:112]  thind, Thingol, thinn
Thind [-] [PE17:140]
thind 1a [< þindā grey] adj. grey. Q. sinda. [PE17:72:112:141]  thin, Thingol, thinn
thind 1b [< þindĭ-] adj. grey. Obsolete except in names as Thingol. [PE17:140]  hithren
thind 2, pl2. thindrim [-] n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]
thindeth [-] fem. n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]  -eth
thindon [-] masc. n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]  -on
Thindreth [-]n. probably a feminine form of Thinn, Thind intended to mean #‘feminine Grey(-elf)’. [PE17:140]
thindron, pl1. thindryn [-] n. probably a masculine form of Thinn, Thind intended to mean #‘masculine Grey(-elf)’.
[PE17:140]
thinedh {ð}[-] fem. n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]  -eth
Thingol [-] prop. n. ‘Grey-cloak’. Q. Sindacollo, Sindikollo. [PE17:72:112:176]  thin, thind, thinn
thinidh, pl2. thinidhrim {ð}[-] n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]
thinidhes {ð}[-] fem. n. #Grey-Elf. [PE17:141]
thinn 1a [< þindā grey] adj. grey. Q. sinda. [PE17:72:112:141]  thin, thind, Thingol
thinn 1b [< thindi-] adj. grey. Q. sinde. [PE17:141]
Thinn [-] [PE17:140]
Thinnedhel {ð}[-] n. ‘Grey-Elf’. Later more generally used of the subjects of Thingol. [PE17:139]  edhel, thinn
Thinnir [-] pl1. n. [PE17:140]
thiw mutated form of tiw [PE17:43]  tew
thôl [< STOL helmet] n. [PE17:186]  castol
thol, pl1. thely or thuil [< ÞOL stand up, ‘top’] n. Q. sōl. [PE17:188]  castol
thôn 1a [prob. < stŏna] [PE17:82]
thôn 1b [prob. < thŏno-] n. Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. [PE17:81]  thôn, thaun
thôn [< thānĭ-] n. Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. [PE17:81]  Dor I thoen, thôn
thond [-] n. root. [PE17:96:121]
thoniel [< THAN kindle] v. archaic perfect participle/adjective. [PE17:82]  Gilthoniel
thorn [< THOR] adj. steadfast. Q. thorna, sorna. [PE17:113]  Arathorn
thos [< ÞOS frighten, terrify] n. fear. O.Q. þosse. [PE17:87]  di’nguruthos
Thranduil [< THAR vigour (only in S.) + ?] prop. n. vigorous spring. [PE17:27:51:187]  tharan, tharanduil
thu [-] adj. bad. [PE17:172]  thugar
thû [< thūsē < THUS evil mist, fog] n. horrible darkness, black mist. [PE17:183]
Thú {ū}[< sū] [PE17:124]
thugar [= thu-gar] [PE17:172]  thu
thuin [-] n. [PE17:81]  Dor i Thuin
U
û [-] adv. or interj. no, not (of fact). [PE17:144]
ú- [-] pref. negates the sense of the following word. Applied to all classes of words but especially to verbs and adjectives.
Prefixed to verbal stems (without further suffix), it forms quasi-participles in aorist mode (e.g. únod not ever
counting, úbed not saying). The continuative participle ol can be added in order to express a strictly present (and
continuative) sense : úgarol ‘not now doing or making’, idling vs. ugar ‘(generally) idle’. There is no sens of ‘without’
attaching to ú- in Sindarin, see pen- (ben-). [PE17:62:144-5]  pen-, úland, úlann
úbed [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) not saying. [PE17:144]  ú-
úbedui [-] adj. lit. ‘not fit to say’, unspeakable. [PE17:144]  ú-, -ui
úchebin [-] v. & 1st sg. suff. I do not retain. úchebin estel anim ‘I don’t keep hope for myself’. [PE17:62:117]
úgal [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) lit. ‘not shining’, dark. [PE17:144]  ú-
ugar [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) (generally) idle. [PE17:144]  ú-, úgarol
úgar [or ú-gár] v. he does not do (make). [PE17:145]  ú-
úgarol [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) & continuative part. (generally) idle. [PE17:144]  ú-, úgarol
-ui [-] adj. suff. having quality, ~ful. With verbal stems, it has implication of possibility or suitability. [PE17:87:144:173] 
fanui, lithui, úbedui, únodui
uial [< ? + GAL/KAL light] n. twilight. Q. úyale, yúyal. [PE17:153:169]
Uilos [-] topon. ‘Everwhite/snowy’, Mount Everwhite, a name of the Great Moutain of Aman, highest mountain in the
world, the Tániquetil in the centre of the Pelóri. Q. Oiolosse. [PE17:26:174:176]  Fanuilos
uin [-] v. & pron. suff. I do not. Could be used with bare verbs : uin gare I do not make. [PE17:145]  -n, ú-
úlal [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) lit. ‘not laugthing’, serious. [PE17:144]  ú-
úlan [-] adj. lit. ‘not broad’, narrow. [PE17:144]  ú-
úland [-] adj. lit. ‘not broad’, narrow. [PE17:144]  ú-
úlann [-] adj. lit. ‘not broad’, narrow. [PE17:144]  ú-
úmedin [-] v. & pron. suff. I do not eat. [PE17:145]  -n, ú-
úmel [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) lit. ‘not loving’, enemy, inimical. [PE17:144]  ú-, úvel
únen [-] v. & pron. suff. I did not. Could be used with bare verbs. [PE17:145]  -n, ú-, uin
únod [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) not (ever) counting. [PE17:144]  ú-
únodui [-] adj. countless. [PE17:144]  ú-, -ui
úvedin [-] v. & pron. suff. I do not eat. [PE17:145]  -n, ú-
úvel [-] suff. & verbal stem (quasi-participle in aorist mode) lit. ‘not loving’, enemy, inimical. [PE17:144-5]  ú-, úmel
úvelui [-] pref. & verbal stem & suff. not amiable, unloveable. [PE17:145]  ú-, -ui
V
Vanedhel [-] prop. n. ‘elven fair’, a title of Arwen. Q. Vanimelda, Eldavanima. [PE17:56]  Eldhelvein, Elrenniel, Wanedhel
vast soft mut. of #bast. [PE17:144]
vedui soft mut. of medui [PE17:16]
W
wá [< WĀ [?used] of noise of wind] n. -. Q. wáwa. [PE17:34]  gwaew
-waith [-] suff. often used of regions in proper names or peoples. [PE17:190]  gwaith, -weith
Wanedhel [-] prop. n. ‘elven fair’, a title of Arwen. Q. Vanimelda, Eldavanima. [PE17:56]  Eldhelvein, Elrenniel, Vanedhel
-we [-] masc. suff. It corresponds to fem. -iel. Q. -we. [PE17:23]
-weg [-] adj. suff. active in doing. [PE17:144]  carweg, madweg, pedweg
weg [< WEK] [PE17:190]
-weith [-] suff. often used of regions in proper names or peoples. [PE17:190]  -waith
-wen [-] 3rd pl. poss. suff. their. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ent. [PE17:46]  -ent
-wi [< WĒ? WEƷ ‘person’, individual (only used of Elves and Men)] suff. [PE17:189]
WH
whinn [-] n. Bot. ordinary non-mythological word for birch. Q. hwinde. [PE17:23]  brethil, chwind
Y
ygil [-] n. [PE17:142]
ygyl [-] n. [PE17:142]
Grammatical Notes
Notes highlighted in grey were rejected by J.R.R. Tolkien.
Sindarin Sounds
m > v after preposition (e.g. : medui ‘end, final, last’ > na vedui ‘at last’). [16]
In Sindarin, initially, ch- take the form h-, but reappears in composition, such as na·chaered. [25]
In Sindarin, t usually > d with t becoming medial; and so after prefixes (e.g. tíriel vs. palan-díriel). [25]
eryd > ered by late change, but y unstressed remained in certain circumstances, e.g. before nasals. [cf. on the same page
amon, pl1. emyn] [33]
nr > ðr, cf. S. caran-rass > Caradhras. [36]
Medial change of d > dh does not occur after n, nd ; initial s medially > h (e.g. Nanduhirion). [37]
In S., a ‘and’ leaves the initials b, d, g, m, n, s unchanged, but changes p, t, c > f, th, ch; adt > att. In older S., gw became w
(for gw is only the S. initial form of basic w-: as wath shadow, initial form gwath, i-wath the shadow, a chwath and a
shadow). But in later S., on analogy of genuine original g (as in a galað and a tree) gw was left unaltered: a gwath and a
shadow. [41] [altered as follows]
In S., a ‘and’ leaves the initials b, d, g, m, n, s unchanged, but changes p, t, c > f, th, ch; adt > att. In older S., gw became w
(for gw is only the S. initial form of basic w-: as wath shadow, initial form gwath, i-wath the shadow). But in later S. and
on analogy of genuine original g (as in a galað and a tree) gw was left unaltered : a gwath and a shadow. [41]
Old Sindarin had ath. S. a/að has soft mutation but with ath before h- < s. Later S. a- in all cases. [41]
S. ñm = –‹w. [44]
S. ñ vanished early with lengthening. [44]
Original b, d, g as voiced stops were altered or lost. [50]
ñ- > ñ in Q. > ñg > g in S., vanished in Telerian, hence [ñgal(a)tā-rig-el- >] Q. Ñaltariel, S. Galadriel, T. Altarielle. [60]
“Elvish Sound Laws” [95]
Sounds changes. [99]
Notes on the phonological divergences of Northern Sindarin vs. the dialects of Beleriand. [108]
Initial nasal groups in Sindarin. [124]
Notes on Old Sindarin’s phonology. [131]
Notes on final -w. [148]
Sindarin ŋ > ʒ > g. [169]
In Sindarin, historically, -we had become w or u (as in Elu = Elwe). [189]
Adjectives
Adjectival form is used when the quality of the action applies to the subject of verb immediately preceding, or to the
subject expressed (as by a name) : Noro lim, noro lim Asfaloth. ‘Run swift, run swift Asfaloth.’ [18]
The adjectival element usually follows in S. but in certain old elements the older (Quenya) order is maintained, as e.g.
with mor- ‘black’ (morgul beside gul-dûr); and in names the order could be shifted for euphonic reasons, so Fanuiðol for
Dol-fanui. [36]
Adjectives expressing negation of possibilities. [144-5]
Adverbs
Many Sindarin adverbs end in -ra. [14]
Aorist
Paradigm. [132]
Articles
Article I ‘the’ shows inflexions, exhibited mainly in effect on initial (perian ‘halfling’, I berian ‘the halfling’, i pheriain,
pheriannath ‘the halflings’). [66]
Dative
Dative after word give : ōn annin. [147]
Genitive
The genitive when strictly so (especially when implying identity, as ‘the city of Minas Tirith’) and not implying any
movement of or from partitive relation is expressed by mere juxtaposition (e.g. aglar elenath ‘radiance of the (host of)
stars’, full genitive of elenath being elenathon). [25]
In Sindarin, the simple genitive was usually expressed by placing the genitive noun in adjectival position second
without any word equivalent to ‘of’. So I 319, Ennyn Durin Aran Moria ‘the doors (of) Durin King (of) Moria’. [25]
Three forms of Genitive in Old Sindarin. [97]
Imperative
The o of S. ‘imperative’ (e.g. imp. pedo say) is an agglutination of the exclamation ā! found separately in Q. before or
after the bare tense stem when used ‘imperatively’. [41]
Negation
Negation in Sindarin (ú-). [145]
Nouns
Sindarin plurals were made usually by vowel change due to [?influence] of the primitive plural ending -ī. silivren pl.
silivrin, el(en) [pl.] elin. craban [pl.] crebain. ae no change. ū [>] ui. au, o [>] oe. au... [25]
Both Quenya and Sindarin have for most nouns two plurals formations: the general or group, and the partitive or
special. The plural element in nouns is [i] as a suffix [ī]. Plural formed with this are in Quenya ‘general’, and the
partitive is formed with -li. In Sindarin, the old ī plurals causing “affection” are partial (as a rule) and the group plural
have -ath : a group suffix, or other endings as -rim. [62]
General notes on plural. [133]
Masculine and feminine endings. [141]
*dā (variant of nā) denoted the passive result of the action, and when used substantivally a single product of it.
The distinction between a single action and a single product of it was not maintained in S. or Q. and in practice words
denoting products were found made with either dā or tā (lengthened owing to the influence of dā). [52]
Prepositions
The ancient Sindarin form of o ‘from’ must have been au(t) since the beginnings of following words beginning with m,
n, b, d, g, s (such as menel or galadh in the hymn to Elbereth) are not changed; but t, p, c become th, ph, ch. [24]
Present
Paradigm. [132]
Pronouns
Paradigm of possessive pronouns (suffixes). [46]
Paradigm of pronominal suffixes. [132]
Verbs
*ta verbal suffix. [52]
Miscellaneous
In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching
than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. [25]
The tongue of the Elves immediately East of the Mountains was closely related with Sindarin, and further assimilated
to it by the further infiltration of Elves from Beleriand. But it differed in some respects, notably in the change of ð > d
(as in O.E.); also in some more archaic features of grammar, notably the retention of a genitival noun inflexion, sg. -a,
pl. -on. Hence Caras Galadon for pure S. Caras (i)Ngelelaið. Thus S. galað tree > galad. [60]
Notes on the relations between Sindarin and Quenya. [109:127]

Notes on the various origin of -gorn, orn, etc. in names. [112]
Notes on the dialects of Sindarin. [127-8:131]
History of Sindarin. [134-5]

Parma Eldalamberon: Sindarin Corpus

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Parma Eldalamberon 17

Version 1.0 (February 15, 2011)

 see also n. noun

{ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, y#} ā, ē, ī, ō, ū, y# > á, é, í, ó, ú

WOR STA FUN

ORD ETY GLO NOT REF

advir [< ? + MĬR precious] n. ‘heirloom’. Q. atamir. [PE17:165]  mîr

amartha- [< *mbartā or *m•bartā to define, decree, destine] v. [PE17:104-5]  amarth

ammarth [< *mbart-] n. fate, doom. ammarth > amarth. [PE17:123-4]

umbo(n). [PE17:15:33:61:93:121] Amon Amarth

Arfin [-] prop. n. Originally Arfin{wë Heru}.[PE17:117]

brann [-] adj. towering, tall and massive. [PE17:22-3:61]  brand

dan- [< NDAN] pref. Q. nan-. [PE17:166]  damen, dangar

Danedhel {ð}[-] [PE17:141]

Dorloven [-] topon. pure Sindarin form of Dorlomin. [PE17:133]

fanwos [-] [PE17:174]

Findelor [-] prop. n. ‘hair-golden’. Q. Findelaure. [PE17:119]  findel, Finglor

gor [< ÑGOR fear] Q. ñor. [PE17:172]

Hôđ indencin [-] topon. [PE17:133]

leich [< lisya < (G)LIS] [PE17:154]

madweg [-] adj. gluttonous. [PE17:144]  -weg

Nindalf [-] topon. ‘wet flat’. Q. nindatalma. [PE17:52:61]  nîn, talf

nínedhel {ð}[-] n. [PE17:139]

#penn 1, pl1. pinn [-] n. slope. [PE17:24]  #pend

rúnavar [-] n. #‘East-Elf’. [PE17:139]

silef [-] n. crystal (white). [PE17:23]  silivren

til [-] n. point, ending. [PE17:55]  -il, niphredil

Tinnúviel [-] prop. n. Q. Tindómiel. [PE17:190]

nr > ðr, cf. S. caran-rass > Caradhras. [36]

S. ñ vanished early with lengthening. [44]

Original b, d, g as voiced stops were altered or lost. [50]

“Elvish Sound Laws” [95]

Sounds changes. [99]

Initial nasal groups in Sindarin. [124]

Notes on Old Sindarin’s phonology. [131]

Notes on final -w. [148]

Sindarin ŋ > ʒ > g. [169]

In Sindarin, historically, -we had become w or u (as in Elu = Elwe). [189]

Adjectives expressing negation of possibilities. [144-5]

Three forms of Genitive in Old Sindarin. [97]

General notes on plural. [133]

Masculine and feminine endings. [141]

Paradigm of pronominal suffixes. [132]

Notes on the relations between Sindarin and Quenya. [109:127]

Notes on the various origin of -gorn, orn, etc. in names. [112]

Notes on the dialects of Sindarin. [127-8:131]

History of Sindarin. [134-5]

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amartha- [< mbartā or m•bartā to define, decree, destine] v. [PE17:104-5]  amarth