TEXT STRUCTURE

NAME:_________________________________
Section:________________________________

Activity 1. Text Structure Quiz Direction (PART I): Read each passage and identify how the
information is being organized.

_____1. Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different

colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and
chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may
contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Even though more
chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry,
each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake.
A. Cause And Effect B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Sequence / Process

_____2. The ice-cream shop around the corner from my house has the best ice-
cream in the city. When you first walk inside, there is a long chrome
counter with matching stools extending to alongside the far wall. Right
where the counter stops, the booth seating begins. There are lots of old-
timey knickknacks on the walls and chrome napkin holders on all the
tables. My favorite part of the shop is behind the counter glass, where
they keep all of the ice cream flavors. A rainbow of delicious sugary
flavors is kept cool and delicious behind the counter glass.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Sequence / Process

_____3. Freezer burn may have wasted more ice-cream than sidewalks. If you
don’t know, freezer burn is when ice crystals form on the surface of ice-
cream. These ice crystals can ruin the texture and flavor of the ice
cream. But you can prevent freezer burn. Since freezer burn is caused
when melted ice-cream is refrozen, rather than eating your ice-cream
from the container as it melts, scoop your ice-cream into a bowl and put
the container back in the fridge immediately. Doing this ought to help
you solve your issues with freezer burn.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Sequence / Process

_____ 4. No one knows the true origin of ice-cream, but the first published ice-
cream recipe appears in “Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts,” a cook book that
was printed in London in 1718. Sometime around 1832, an African
American confectioner named Augustus Jackson created multiple ice
cream recipes and invented a superior technique to manufacture ice
 cream. Ice cream soda was invented around 1874, but the real
breakthrough may have been at the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis,
Missouri, when the American ice-cream cone was unveiled!
A. Problem And Solution B. Cause And Effect C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Sequence / Process

_____5. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in
a frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The
mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is
frozen. Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour.
After the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to
be enjoyed. Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree
that it is worth the trouble.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Cause And Effect E. Sequence / Process
_____6. Have you ever had an ice-cream headache? That’s when a painful
sensation resonates in your head after eating something cold (usually
ice-cream) on a hot day. This pain is produced by the dilation of a nerve
center in the roof of your mouth. The nerve center is overreacting to the
cold by trying to heat your brain. Ice-cream headaches have turned
many smiles to frowns.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Cause And Effect
_____7. One time my mom and I made ice-cream. We added sugar and cream
into a big glass bowl. We kept it frozen in the middle of a bigger glass
bowl. While it froze, I stirred the mixture with a hand mixer. It was the first
time that had I used one and it splattered ice-cream mixture all over the
kitchen. The rest of the mixture finally froze, so we ate some ice cream,
and then put the remaining portions in the freezer so that it wouldn’t get
freezer burned. That was a good day.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Cause And Effect
_____8. It was the most beautiful banana split that I had ever seen. In the middle
of the bowl, there were three scoops of ice-cream: chocolate,
strawberry, and vanilla. On top of the ice-cream were a banana and a
thick web of chocolate and caramel sauces. A huge puff of whipped
cream covered the sauces and a handful of crushed nuts dappled the
whipped cream. On top of it all was a cherry, but I’ve never liked the
soggy squish of cherries.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Sequence/Process
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Cause And Effect
_____9. When it comes to making ice-cream, you can do it the traditional way,
by stirring it in a frozen container, or you can use liquid nitrogen to freeze
your mixture. There are some advantages to using liquid nitrogen. Since
 liquid nitrogen freezes the mixture faster, the crystal grains are smaller,
giving the ice-cream a creamier texture. The downside is that ice-crystals
grow faster in ice-cream prepared using liquid nitrogen, so it must be
stored at much colder temperatures. Both methods produce a distinct
texture, and both are delicious.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Sequence/Process
D. Spatial / Descriptive E. Cause And Effect

Activity 2. Matching: match the definition to the term and shade in the appropriate bubble.
_____10. An action and its results are discussed A. Chronological
_____11. Information is organized in order of time B. Problem & Solution
_____12. a difficulty is described and an answer is offered C. Sequence/Process
D. Cause And Effect

____13. Differences and similarities of two or more things A. Cause And Effect
are discussed B. Spatial/Descriptive
____14. Explains how something happens or is done, C. Compare &
step-by-step Contrast
D. Sequence /
Process
____15. Describes how something looks or the arrangement
of a space

Activity 2.1. (PART 2)Read each passage and identify how the information is being
organized. Choose the response that best describes how the text is structured. (TSQ2)

_____1. Are you a musician? Would you like to connect with other music makers?
You’ve got choices when it comes to musical programs at Morton University. If you join
the marching band, you’ll play in front of thousands at our football games. If you join the
jazz band, you’ll play at our dances and elite alumni events. Each of these programs can
help you become a better musician. The jazz band is a little smaller than the marching
band but there is more room for improvisation. Of course if you join the marching band,
you’ll get to wear a cool cape. The choice is yours.
A. Cause And Effect B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Problem And Solution E. Sequence

_____2. When you first get your instrument, the amount of work that it takes to
learn to play well may discourage you from trying at all, but don’t give up! There are
many ways that you can improve your playing. You can take lessons, you can learn to
play with a friend, or you can join your school’s music program. These approaches may
help, but the most important thing that you can do is to stick with it. Practice playing your
instrument every day and you will learn how your instrument works. Once you know
your instrument, you’ll be able to make playing look easy.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Cause And Effect E. Sequence
_____3. A mute is an object that is fitted to the end of a brass instrument to
change the instrument’s sound and tone. Mutes can be made from many materials but
aluminum, brass, and copper are common. A mute works by changing the shape of the
instrument and absorbing its acoustic vibrations. This causes the instrument to produce a
sharp, damp sound. Mutes are often used in jazz music but sometimes they are called for
in other compositions as well.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Cause And Effect E. Sequence

_____4. Louis Armstrong was born to a poor family in Louisiana. He grew up in a

rough neighborhood under the care of his grandmother and uncle. Armstrong learned to
play trumpet by ear at age 11. After getting arrested for firing a gun in the air while
celebrating New Years Eve, he was sent to a juvenile correctional house. He received
musical instruction while he was detained and Armstrong soon led the intuition’s band.
Armstrong would go on to change the face of jazz.
A. Problem And Solution B. Cause And Effect C. Chronological
D. Compare And Contrast E. Sequence

_____5. For better or worse, the Internet changed the music industry. The Internet
allowed people to share music with friends and strangers around the world. With no laws
to regulate online music sharing, many consumers downloaded music for free instead of
paying for it. Consequently, the music industry made less money and a lot of artists
suffered; however, the Internet also brought new talent to the market. Before the Internet,
artists had to sign with labels to break through. These labels acted like gatekeepers, but
the Internet allowed artists to record and distribute albums and videos by themselves. The
Internet continues to change the music industry.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Cause And Effect E. Sequence

_____6. Some people like to listen to music while they do their homework, but
others find it to be a distraction. So what happens in a period like study hall, when there
is a mixture of people who like to listen to music and those who prefer silence? That’s
what headphones are for. If you listen to music at a reasonable volume on a pair of noise
cancelling headphones, even a person studying next to you silently won’t hear it. With a
little consideration, everybody can be happy.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Sequence E. Cause And Effect

_____7. What would jazz be without a swinging brass section? One of the
signature instruments of the jazz band is the trumpet. Trumpet players
change notes by positioning their fingers in different ways on the
instrument’s valves. Another swinging instrument used in jazz bands is the
trombone. Trombone players change notes by moving the instrument’s
slide into various positions. Each of these instruments contributes in
different ways: trumpets can play higher notes but trombones can play
richer low notes. Most jazz bands have both.
 A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Chronological
D. Spatial E. Cause And Effect

_____8. Can you make a raspberry noise with your lips? If you can then you can
play the trumpet. Of course, learning to play the trumpet well takes years, but you can
pick one up and make a noise with it today. Just connect the mouthpiece to the end of the
instrument. Hold the instrument close to your lips so as to make an airtight connection
between your lips and the mouthpiece. Purse your lips tightly and blow a raspberry
sound. The instrument should produce a sound. Try closing the valves with your fingers
in different combinations to produce a range of sounds.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Sequence
D. Chronological E. Cause And Effect
_____9. People know me as a musician today but it took years of dedication to
get here. Since I was six years old, I have played for the church. When I was in the 4th
grade, I joined the school band. I played with the school all the way through college, and
after college I started working as a studio musician for a television show. After years in
the industry, I made the connections that I needed to get my current gig. There are many
ways to become a musician, but none of them are easy.
A. Problem And Solution B. Compare And Contrast C. Sequence/Process
D. Chronological E. Cause And Effect

Activity 3. Read the questions below and write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.

_____1. This text structure is "how are things in the text similar or different."
A. Main Idea and Details C. Problem and Solution
B. Cause and Effect D. Comparison

_____2. This nonfiction structure is used when an author or writer conducts an interview.
A. Description C. Chronological
B. Question and Answer D. Cause and Effect

_____3. The text structure that discusses what is specifically being described is _________.
A. Comparison C. Cause and Effect
B. Description/MI & D D. Problem and Solution

_____4. The text structure that is written in a style that tells what happened and why it
happens is...
A. Problem and Solution C. Chronological
B. Question and Answer D. Cause and Effect

_____5. This text structure tells what is the conflict, or problem, and how it was resolved.
A. Main Ideas and Details C. Chronological
B. Problem and Solution D. Cause and Effect
_____6. The text structure that shows events taking place over time or gives steps is...
A. Chronological
B. Description/MI & D C. Cause and Effect D. Question and Answer

_____7. "Similar, same, alike, both, on the other hand, instead" are signal words for...
 A. Comparison
B. Description C. Question and Answer D. Cause and Effect

_____8. "Who, what, when, where, why, and how" are used with .....
A. Chronological B. Description/MI & D C. Question and Answer D. Comparison

_____9. "Such as, for instance, in addition, for example" are signal words for ...
A. Problem and Solution C. Description/MI & D
B. Comparison D. Question and Answer

_____10. "First, second, following, and finally" are used with ...
A. Description B. Problem and Solution C. Cause and Effect D. Chronological

_____11. "Issue, as a result, problem, and so" is used in ...

A. Cause and Effect C. Problem and Solution
B. Description D. Question and Answer

_____12. "Therefore, then, leads to, and since" are used in the text structure...
A. Question and Answer C. Cause and Effect
B. Description/MI & D D. Problem and Solution

_____13. Before putting the model car together, we gathered our supplies. Then we
were able to read and follow the directions. Before long our car was done.
A. Descriptive B. Sequential

_____14. Differences between two or more things

A. Solution B. Compare C. Cause D. Contrast

_____15. Events that explains why something happens.

A. Contrast B. Cause C. Problem D. Compare

_____16. Similarities between two or more things

A. Cause B. Contrast C. Problem D. Compare

_____17. Similarities and differences between two or more things

A. Compare B. Compare/Contrast C. Cause/effect D. Contrast

_____18. A conflict and how the conflict is solved

A. Problem B. Description C. Solution D. Problem/solution

_____19. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a
frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The
mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is frozen.
Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour. After the ice-
cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to be enjoyed. Making
ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the trouble.
A. Compare and Contrast B. Chronological C. Cause and Effect D. Sequential

_____20. Study the picture.

A. sequence C. question and answer
B. compare and contrast D. cause and effect
_____21. There was a mean teacher named Mr. Johnson. Every time he would yell,
students would cry.
A. Problem/Solution B. Cause/Effect C. Descriptive

_____22. Define: Noun

A. An action
B. A word that gives more detail about nouns
C. A person, place, thing, or idea
D. A word that gives more details about verbs

_____23. Define: Verb

A. An action
B. A word that gives more detail about nouns
C. A person, place, thing, or idea
D. A word that gives more details about verbs

_____24. Define: Adjective

A. An action
B. A word that gives more detail about nouns
C. A person, place, thing, or idea
D. A word that gives more details about verbs

_____25. Define: Adverb

A. An action
B. A word that gives more detail about nouns
C. A person, place, thing, or idea
D. A word that gives more details about verbs

_____26. CAT: The cat was sleeping

A. Noun B. Verb C. Adjective D. Adverb

_____27. PLAY: The play that I went to watch was a comedy.

A. Noun B. Verb C. Adjective D. Adverb

_____28. BLUE; Did you see the blue pencil?

A. Noun B. Verb C. Adjective D. Adverb

ASSIGNMENT

Read the given story below. Using a single paragraph, retell the story by identifying the most
important notes included in the story. Use the space provided below.

THE FOOLISH IMITATION

Long ago, a hawk lived on the top of a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a banyan tree on
which a crow used to perch everyday. The crow was very foolish. He would imitate everyone.

The hawk atop the hill would fly down everyday in search of food. The crow watched the hawk
circling in the air for long hours and swooping down when he saw his prey. The hawk gifted
with eyes that could see long distances would spot his prey from the hill top and then fly down to
pounce upon the prey.

The crow watched the hawk thinking, “Hunh! If the hawk can do that, I too can. What does he
think? One day, I will show the hawk that I can do the same thing."

A few days later, as the hawk was circling in the air, the crow decided to do the same. Suddenly
a baby rabbit came out of the bushes. The hawk saw it and the crow too saw the rabbit.

Before the crow could move, the hawk swooped down, caught hold of the rabbit in his strong
sharp talons and flew away. “Swoosh!" was all the crow heard as the hawk disappeared in the
sky with his prey. “Hmmph! That is no great skill," thought the crow, angrily.

Next moment he spotted a big fat mouse coming out of a hole. Without wasting time, the crow
swooped down. Like the hawk he tried to catch the mouse in his claws.

But the mouse saw the crow and moved away, the crow crashed against the hill. “Eeeaaa!" cried
the crow in pain.

Just then the hawk came flying down. “I hope, now you know it is not easy to hunt and it is not
easy to imitate, either," said the hawk and flew away.

There after, the crow never imitated any one 

in its life. It lived happily with the god-given abilities.

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