Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter - 3 Metals and Non - Metals Gist of The Lesson
Chapter - 3 Metals and Non - Metals Gist of The Lesson
Elements are classified broadly into two categories on the basis of properties:
Metals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium etc.
Non – metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc.
Apart from metals and non-metals some elements show properties of both metals and non – metals,
e.g. Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium .They are called metalloids
24
Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:-
1 Reaction Metal + Oxygen Metal Non-metal + Oxygen
with oxide Non-metal oxide
Oxygen 4Na(s) + O2(g) C + O2 CO2
2Na2O(s) S + O2 SO2
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3 Non-metals form acidic
Metals form basic oxides oxides
Zn and Al form amphoteric CO and H2O are neutral
oxides (they show the oxides(they are neither
properties of both acidic acidic nor basic in
and basic oxides) nature) Non-
Most of the metal oxides metal oxides are soluble
are insoluble in water in water
Some of them dissolve to They dissolve in water to
form Alkali form acids
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) SO2 + H2O H2SO3
2NaOH(aq)
2 Reaction Metals react with water to Non-metals do not react
with water form metal oxides or metal with water, steam to
hydroxide and H2 gas is evolve hydrogen gas.
released. Because Non-metals
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) cannot give electrons to
2NaOH + hydrogen in water so that
H2(g) it can be released as H2
+ heat gas.
3 Reaction Metal + Acid Metal salt Non-metals do not react
with dilute + Hydrogen with acids to release H2
Acids gas Reason-
HCl Non-metals cannot loose
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) electrons and give it to
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Hydrogen ions of acids
H2SO4 so that the gas is
2Na(s) + H2SO4 released.
Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g) Mn + 2HNO3
HNO3 Mn(NO3)2 + H2
Metal + HNO3 H2 gas is H2 gas from HNO3
not displaced.
Reason- HNO3 is strong
oxidizing agent.
4 Reaction When metals react with salt When non-metals react
with salt solution, more reactive with salt solution, more
solutions metal will displace a less reactive non-metal will
reactive metal from its salt displace a less reactive
solution. CuSO4(aq) non-metal from its salt
+ Zn(s) ZnSO4(aq) + solution.
Cu(s) 2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g)
2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq)
5 Reaction Metal + Chlorine Metal Non-metal + Chlorine
25
with Chloride Non-metal Chloride
Chlorine ionic bond is formed. covalent bond is formed.
Therefore Ionic compound Therefore covalent
is obtained. 2Na compound is obtained.
+ Cl2 2NaCl H2(g) + Cl2 2HCl
6 Reaction Metals react with hydrogen Non-metals react with
with to form metal hydride hydrogen to form
Hydrogen This reaction takes place hydrides H2(g) +
only for most reactive S(l) H2S(g)
metals. 2Na(s)
+ H2(g) 2NaH(s)
2. Melting point and boiling point:have high M.P and B.P, as large amount of heat energy is
required to break strong ionic attraction.
Reason—Ions can not move due to rigid solid structure. Ionic compounds conduct electricity
in molten state.
Reason-- Ions can move freely since the electrostatic forces of attraction between the
oppositely charged ions are overcome due to heat.
Occurrence of metals.
Minerals Ores
Elements or compounds, occuring naturally Minerals that contain very high percentage
in the earth‘s crust of a perticular metal and these metals can be
extracted economically on a large scale.
e.g Bouxite ore → Aluminium
Haematite → Iron
26
27
MIND MAP
NON-
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL
METAL
Solid, liquid and gas PROPERTIES
Non-metal + O2 Non-
Not malleable & ductile metal oxide
Non-metal + chlorinenon-
metal chloride
Non-metal +
28
METALS AND NON – METALS
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT I
Q.PAPER
Instructions:
Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
Question 14 – 5 Marks
2) Why the item made of silver turns black when exposed to air?
4) What is an amalgam?
8) What is activity series? How does it help us in predicting the relative reactivities of various
metals?
10)
a) Write electron dot structure for sodium and oxygen.
b) Show the formation of Na2O by electron transfer.
c) What are the ions present in these compounds?
12) Explain how a metal low in the activity series can be extracted. Write suitable example.
29
13) Give reasons:
a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal; still it is used to make utensils for cooking.
30
FA II
METALS AND NON – METALS
ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Name the metal which is a liquid.
5. Name the property of the metals by virtue of which these can be beaten into sheets
6. Name the property of the metals by virtue of which these can be drawn into wires.
9. Mercury is liquid and a good conductor of heat. How is this property utilized?
QUIZ – WHO AM I
1. I am a property of metals which appears at lower temperatures.
3. Though I get corroded in atmosphere but still find wide applications for making kitchen
utensils.
5. I am called a series and play a significant role when a metal reacts with solutions of other
metal salts.
8. I am a process associated with wasting away of metals by the action of atmospheric gases and
moisture
9. I am homogenous and not a compound though my formation least to altering the properties of
metals involved.
10. We belong to the same category of elements but still combine to form molecules / compounds.
31