DB09 Landlocked
DB09 Landlocked
in Landlocked
Economies
2009
in Landlocked
Economies
2009
1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05
This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed
in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments
they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.
Landlocked 107
For an entrepreneur opening a new busi- what you can do. Burdensome regulation up their economy than do countries with
ness in Lao PDR, completing the pro- prevents potential entrepreneurs with more burdensome regulation.2 Indeed,
cedures for start-up would take more innovative ideas from entering business, economies with burdensome regulation
than 100 days. In the former Yugoslav thus limiting competition and keeping could increase their economic growth by
Republic of Macedonia it would take resources from being put to their best up to 2.3% if they improved their business
only 9. For a company to comply with use. And it keeps existing entrepreneurs regulation to the level in economies with
all tax requirements in Armenia would in the informal sector, denying them the most business-friendly regulation.3
require 50 separate payments and 958 access to credit and hindering their abil-
administrative hours a year. Doing the ity to expand. But where regulation is WHAT REGULATIONS ARE CAPTURED
same in Botswana would take only 19 transparent, efficient and implemented BY DOING BUSINESS?
payments and 140 hours. And while in a simple way, it becomes easier for as- The Doing Business project investigates
exporting a 20-foot container of textiles piring entrepreneurs, regardless of their regulations relevant to small to medium-
would require 13 documents in the Kyr- connections, to operate within the rule of size businesses throughout their life cycle.
gyz Republic, 4 documents would suffice law and to benefit from the opportunities It provides quantitative data that mea-
in the Czech Republic. and protections that the law provides. sure regulation in 10 areas of business
As landlocked economies, all these activity: starting a business, dealing with
countries face special challenges in com- THE EFFECTS OF GOOD RULES— construction permits, employing work-
peting globally—with trade involving AND BAD ers, registering property, getting credit,
greater distances and greater obstacles Good regulation is important for attract- protecting investors, paying taxes, trad-
due to border crossings. But in many ing foreign direct investment, boosting ing across borders, enforcing contracts
landlocked economies the challenges of trade and enhancing economic growth. and closing a business. Doing Business
geography are compounded by a bureau- Indeed, among landlocked economies, does not, however, measure all aspects
cratic business environment (figure 1.1). those with a better business environment of the business environment that matter
For these countries, improving busi- trade more than those with a weaker one
9,000
ness regulation offers an opportunity to (figure 1.2). The effects of burdensome FIGURE 1.2
strengthen their global competitiveness. trade regulation are obvious: it leads to Landlocked economies with a better
And unlike the constraints of geography, delays in trading, and delays in trading business environment export more
Average annual merchandise exports per capita
the quality of their business regulatory undermine a country’s global competi- (US$, 2002–07)
environment is within their control. tiveness. A recent study of 126 economies
calculates the loss from export delays at 1,000
WHY DOING BUSINESS? around 1% of trade for each extra day. For
perishable agricultural products the cost 500
A fundamental premise of the Doing is nearly 3% of the volume of trade for
Business project is that economic activity each day’s delay.1
Landlocked economies ranked by
requires good rules. Where regulation A second study shows that countries ease of doing business, quartiles
is burdensome, success in business de- that have a better business regulatory Source: Doing Business database; World Bank, World
pends more on whom you know than on environment benefit more from opening Development Indicators database.
2 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES
Coastal 42
69
BUSINESS REGULATIONS economies
78
average 89
IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 96
87
Landlocked
112
Landlocked economies as a group have economies 136
average 133
a business regulatory environment, as 136 139
measured by Doing Business, that is less Most difficult
(181)
conducive to private sector activity than East Asia Eastern Europe Latin America OECD South Asia Sub-Saharan
that in other economies. When the 181 & Pacific & Central Asia & Caribbean high income Africa
economies included in Doing Business are
ranked on the overall ease of doing busi-
ness, the average ranking for landlocked … and lower on 7 of 10 Doing Business topics
economies is 107. And within each region 1
landlocked economies rank lower on aver-
age than do other economies. The excep-
tion is Africa, thanks to the relatively high 79 79
86 82 83 82
ranking of Botswana (figure 1.3). 90 88 89 90
FIGURE 1.4
239 reforms in 2007/08 made it easier to do business—26 made it more difficult
49
Albania
Angola
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Botswana
Reforms Bulgaria
making it Canada
easier to Colombia
do business Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Dominican Republic
Egypt
El Salvador
Georgia
Ghana 32
Greece
Hungary Albania
Italy Azerbaijan
Jordan Belarus
Kenya Cambodia
Kyrgyz Republic Cameroon
Lebanon Central African Republic
Lesotho 24 Chad
Liberia China
Macedonia, former Azerbaijan Congo, Rep.
Yugoslav Republic of Bangladesh Egypt
Madagascar Belarus Equatorial Guinea
Malaysia Bosnia and Herzegovina Finland
Mauritania Burkina Faso Gabon
Mauritius 18 Congo, Rep. Georgia
Moldova Dominican Republic Guatemala
Namibia Angola Egypt Indonesia
New Zealand Armenia Georgia Kazakhstan
Oman Belarus Hungary Liberia
Panama Bosnia and Herzegovina Jamaica Macedonia, former
Saudi Arabia Burkina Faso Kazakhstan Yugoslav Republic of
Senegal Colombia Latvia Mauritius
Sierra Leone Croatia Lithuania Moldova
Singapore Egypt Macedonia, former Montenegro
Slovakia Hong Kong, China Yugoslav Republic of Morocco
Slovenia Jamaica Madagascar Sri Lanka
South Africa Kyrgyz Republic 6 Mauritius Taiwan, China
Syria Liberia Rwanda Tunisia
Tonga Mauritania Argentina Saudi Arabia Ukraine
Tunisia Portugal Azerbaijan Senegal United Arab Emirates
Uruguay Rwanda Burkina Faso Serbia Uzbekistan
West Bank and Gaza Sierra Leone Czech Republic Sierra Leone Vanuatu
Yemen Singapore Mozambique Thailand Vietnam
Zambia Tonga Slovenia Zambia West Bank and Gaza
36
Albania 34
Antigua and Barbuda
Azerbaijan Belarus
Belarus Benin
Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana
Bulgaria Brazil
Burkina Faso Colombia
Canada Croatia
China Djibouti
Colombia Dominican Republic
Côte d’Ivoire Ecuador
Czech Republic Egypt
Denmark El Salvador
Dominican Republic Eritrea
France France
Georgia Haiti
Germany Honduras
Greece India
Honduras Kenya
Italy Korea 16
Macedonia, former Liberia
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, former Bosnia and Herzegovina
Madagascar Yugoslav Republic of Bulgaria
12
Malaysia Madagascar Cambodia
12 Colombia
Mexico Mali Armenia
Albania Mongolia Mongolia Austria Czech Republic
Azerbaijan Morocco Morocco Azerbaijan Finland
Botswana Mozambique Nigeria Belgium Germany
Egypt New Zealand Palau Bhutan Greece
Greece Samoa Philippines Bulgaria Hong Kong, China
Kyrgyz Republic South Africa Rwanda China Latvia
Saudi Arabia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Senegal Macedonia, former Mexico
Slovenia Thailand Sierra Leone Yugoslav Republic of New Zealand
Tajikistan Tunisia Syria Mozambique Poland
Thailand Ukraine Thailand Portugal Portugal
Tunisia Uruguay Ukraine Romania Saudi Arabia
Turkey Zambia Uruguay Rwanda St. Vincent and the Grenadines
240 53%
Allowed out-of-court enforcement of collateral
180
47%
2008
Expanded range of revolving movable assets
120 that can be used as collateral
Procedures cut from
22 to 13 35%
Created a unified registry for movable property
60
21%
0 Gave priority to secured creditors’ claims
outside and inside bankruptcy procedures
Procedures
9%
Source: Doing Business database.
Exempted secured creditors’ claims
from an automatic stay in reorganization
navigating a labyrinth of 38 procedures permit the use of a general description
and 18 agencies—and spending 231 days of debt or of current and future assets.
… and in credit information
in the process. Bhutan, Bolivia, Burundi and Rwanda
The Kyrgyz Republic was the world’s have some of the weakest legal rights for 31%
top reformer in dealing with construc- borrowers and lenders. Botswana, Leso- Established new credit registry or bureau
tion permits in 2007/08. Regulations left tho, Moldova, Serbia and Slovakia have
over from Soviet times had required some of the strongest. 16%
builders to obtain separate preapprovals Credit bureaus are lacking in 1 of Lowered minimum amount to register loans
from each utility authority. Now a one- every 3 landlocked economies. Where
16%
stop shop issues all approvals, including they do exist, the coverage of borrowers
Adopted regulations that guarantee borrowers
construction permits (figure 1.8). An- is low. In Ethiopia only 0.1% of the adult the right to access their data
other big change: a presidential decree population is covered. Moreover, many 9%
eliminated the location permit, which credit bureaus in landlocked economies Started distributing data from retailers,
had required the signature of Bishkek’s collect limited information, undercutting trade creditors or utility companies
mayor and took 60 days to obtain. their ability to support lending by banks. 5%
For example, they may distribute posi- Started distributing both positive
and negative credit information
GETTING CREDIT tive information, such as loan amounts
Note: A reform may include several reform features.
and on-time payment patterns—but not Source: Doing Business database.
Where collateral laws are effective and negative information, such as late pay-
credit registries are present, banks are ments and defaults. They may collect and but not from such institutions as utilities.
more likely to extend loans. Research distribute data from financial institutions And many set a minimum threshold for
shows, for example, that introducing a loans below which no information is
credit registry is associated with an in- FIGURE 1.9 collected.
crease of 4.2 percentage points in firms’ Getting credit is more difficult But some landlocked economies
reliance on credit.5 This is in part because in landlocked economies are reforming. Azerbaijan eliminated its
it can increase the repayment rate—by STRENGTH OF DEPTH OF CREDIT minimum loan cutoff of $1,000—and
LEGAL RIGHTS INFORMATION
up to 80%. Small firms stand to benefit INDEX INDEX saw coverage by its credit registry double.
(0–10) (0–6)
the most in greater access to credit.6 The regional public credit registry of the
Coastal 5.5 3.0
In many landlocked economies col- economies Central African Monetary Union made
lateral and bankruptcy laws provide only average information accessible to banks online.
weak legal rights for borrowers and lend- Landlocked
That has led to exponential growth in
ers, limiting the ability of banks to lend economies coverage in Chad as well as Cameroon,
average 5.0 2.5
to businesses (figure 1.9). Secured trans- the Republic of Congo and Gabon.
actions laws often do not allow revolv-
ing movable assets—such as accounts
receivable and inventories—to be used
as collateral. And such laws often do not Source: Doing Business database. 2.0
8 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
NOTES REFERENCES
1. Djankov, Freund and Pham Alesina, Alberto, and Andrea Ichino. 2007. Djankov, Simeon, Caralee McLiesh and Rita
(forthcoming). “Gender-Based Taxation.” Department Ramalho. 2006. “Regulation and Growth.”
2. Freund and Bolaky (2008). of Economics, Harvard University, Cam- Economics Letters 92 (3): 395–401.
3. Djankov, McLiesh and Ramalho (2006). bridge, MA. Djankov, Simeon, Darshini Manraj, Caralee
Azmat, Ghazala, Maia Guell and Alan Man- McLiesh and Rita Ramalho. 2005. “Doing
4. Barseghyan (2008). Business Indicators: Why Aggregate, and
ning. 2006. “Gender Gaps in Unemploy-
5. Brown, Jappelli and Pagano (2008). ment Rates in OECD Countries.” Journal How to Do It.” World Bank, Washington,
6. Brown and Zehnder (2007). of Labor Economics 24 (1): 1–38. DC. http://www.doingbusiness.org/docu-
ments/how_to_aggregate.pdf.
7. Doidge, Karolyi and Stulz (2007). Barseghyan, Levon. 2008. “Entry Costs and
Cross-Country Differences in Productivity Djankov, Simeon, Tim Ganser, Caralee
8. Djankov and others (2008).
and Output.” Journal of Economic Growth McLiesh, Rita Ramalho and Andrei Shlei-
9. Alesina and Ichino (2007) and Azmat, 13 (2): 145–67. fer. 2008. The Effect of Corporate Taxes on
Guell and Manning (2006). Investment and Entrepreneurship. NBER
Brown, Martin, and Christian Zehnder. 2007.
10. Sadikov (2007). Working Paper 13756. Cambridge, MA:
“Credit Registries, Relationship Banking,
National Bureau of Economic Research.
and Loan Repayment.” Journal of Money,
Credit and Banking 39 (8): 1883–918. Doidge, Craig, Andrew Karolyi and René M.
Stulz. 2007. “Why Do Countries Matter So
Brown, Martin, Tullio Jappelli and Marco
Much for Corporate Governance?” Jour-
Pagano. 2008. “Information Sharing and
nal of Financial Economics 86 (1): 1–39.
Credit: Firm-Level Evidence from Transi-
tion Countries.” Finance Working Paper Freund, Caroline, and Bineswaree Bolaky.
201, European Corporate Governance 2008. “Trade, Regulation, and Income.”
Institute, Brussels. Journal of Development Economics 87 (2):
309–21.
Djankov, Simeon, Caroline Freund and Cong
Pham. Forthcoming. “Trading on Time.” Sadikov, Azim. 2007. “Border and Behind-
Review of Economics and Statistics. the-Border Trade Barriers and Country
Exports.” IMF Working Paper 7/292, In-
ternational Monetary Fund, Washington,
DC.
Doing
Business
topics
12 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
33.3%
Procedures
assess risk and allocate credit more effi- sures the degree to which collateral and Most Least
ciently. And they free entrepreneurs from bankruptcy laws protect the rights of Serbia 91.9 Rwanda 0.30
having to rely on personal connections borrowers and lenders and thus facili- Czech Republic 65.2 Burundi 0.26
Botswana 52.9 Nepal 0.24
alone when trying to obtain credit. Three tate lending. This year, 3 main changes
Paraguay 48.6 Ethiopia 0.13
indicators are constructed to measure the were made. First, a standardized case Swaziland 43.5 Zambia 0.05
sharing of credit information: scenario with specific assumptions was
Note: The rankings on borrower coverage reflected in the table
r %FQUIPGDSFEJUJOGPSNBUJPOJOEFY
introduced to bring this indicator into include only landlocked economies with public or private credit
registries (28 in total). Another 10 landlocked economies have no
which measures the extent to which line with other Doing Business indica- credit registry and therefore no coverage.
the rules of a credit information sys- tors. Second, the indicator now focuses Source: Doing Business database.
tem facilitate lending based on the not on tangible movable collateral, such
scope of information distributed, the as equipment, but on revolving movable
ease of access to information and collateral, such as accounts receivable of the original assets.
the quality of information. and inventory. Third, the indicator no r (FOFSBMEFTDSJQUJPOPGEFCUTBOE
r 1VCMJDSFHJTUSZDPWFSBHF
XIJDI longer considers whether management obligations is permitted in collat-
reports the number of individuals remains in place during a reorganiza- eral agreements and in registration
and firms covered by a public credit tion procedure, better accommodating documents, so that all types of ob-
registry as a percentage of the adult economies that adopt reorganization ligations and debts can be secured
population. procedures. The strength of legal rights by stating a maximum rather than a
r 1SJWBUFCVSFBVDPWFSBHF
XIJDI index includes 8 aspects related to legal specific amount between the parties.
reports the number of individuals rights in collateral law and 2 aspects in r "DPMMBUFSBMSFHJTUSZJTJOPQFSBUJPO
and firms covered by a private credit bankruptcy law: that is unified geographically and
bureau as a percentage of the adult r "OZCVTJOFTTNBZVTFNPWBCMF by asset type and that is indexed by
population. assets as collateral while keeping the name of the grantor of a security
The strength of legal rights index mea- possession of the assets, and any right.
financial institution may accept such r 4FDVSFEDSFEJUPSTBSFQBJEêSTUXIFO
FIGURE 2.5 assets as collateral. a debtor defaults outside an insol-
Rankings on getting credit are based r ѮFMBXBMMPXTBCVTJOFTTUPHSBOU vency procedure or when a business
on 2 subindicators a nonpossessory security right in a is liquidated.
Regulations on single category of revolving movable r 4FDVSFEDSFEJUPSTBSFOPUTVCKFDUUP
nonpossessory
security interests 62.5% assets, without requiring a specific an automatic stay or moratorium
33% 33%
in movable Strength of legal description of the secured assets. on enforcement procedures when
property rights index (0–10)
r ѮFMBXBMMPXTBCVTJOFTTUPHSBOU a debtor enters a court-supervised
37.5% a nonpossessory security right in reorganization procedure.
Depth33%
of credit
information index substantially all of its assets, without r ѮFMBXBMMPXTQBSUJFTUPBHSFFJOB
(0–6) requiring a specific description of collateral agreement that the lender
Scope, quality and accessibility
the secured assets. may enforce its security right out of
of credit information through public r "TFDVSJUZSJHIUNBZFYUFOEUP court.
and private credit registries future or after-acquired assets and
Note: Private bureau coverage and public registry coverage may extend automatically to the
do not count for the rankings.
products, proceeds or replacements
DOING BUSINESS TOPICS 17
the transaction? What information must scind the transaction, the availability
be disclosed? What company documents of fines and jail time associated with
can investors access? What do minority self-dealing, the availability of direct
shareholders have to prove to get the or derivative suits and the ability to
transaction stopped or to receive com- require Mr. James to return his per-
pensation from Mr. James? Three indices sonal profits from the transaction.
of investor protection are constructed r ѮFFBTFPGTIBSFIPMEFSTVJUTJOEFY
based on the answers to these and other covers the availability of documents
questions. All indices range from 0 to that can be used during trial, the
10, with higher values indicating more ability of the investor to examine
protections or greater disclosure. the defendant and other witnesses,
shareholders’ access to internal doc-
FIGURE 2.6 uments of the company, the appoint-
Rankings on protecting investors
are based on 3 subindicators ment of an inspector to investigate
Liability of CEO
the transaction and the standard
Requirements
on approval and disclosure and board of directors of proof applicable to a civil suit
of related-party in related-party
transactions transactions
against the directors.
33.3%
33.3% Extent
Extent of of director
disclosure
These 3 indices are averaged to create
liability
index index the strength of investor protection index.
This index ranges from 0 to 10, with
33.3%
Ease of shareholder
higher values indicating better investor
suits index protection.
33.3%
Businesses care about what they get for
33.3%
Time Total their taxes and contributions, such as
tax rate the quality of infrastructure and social
services. Efficient tax systems tend to
33.3%
Payments
have less complex tax arrangements,
consisting of straightforward compliance
procedures and clear laws. Taxpayers
Number of tax payments per year
DOING BUSINESS TOPICS 19
with faster growth and more jobs. Con- TABLE 2.17 TABLE 2.18
Where is enforcing contracts easy—and Where is enforcing contracts the most
versely, a need to file many documents where not? efficient—and where the least?
is associated with more corruption in
Easiest GLOBAL Most difficult GLOBAL
customs. Faced with long delays and fre- Procedures (number of steps)
(LL RANK 1–5) RANK (LL RANK 34–38) RANK
quent demands for bribes, many traders Fewest Most
Luxembourg 2 Mali 158
may avoid customs altogether. Instead, Hungary 12 Afghanistan 160 Rwanda 24 Central African 43
they smuggle goods across the border. Austria 13 Chad 166 Austria 25 Republic
This defeats the very purpose in having Belarus 14 Central African 169 Luxembourg 26 Burundi 44
border control of trade to levy taxes and Moldova 17 Republic Czech Republic 27 Afghanistan 47
ensure high quality of goods. Burundi 170 Belarus 28 Bhutan 47
Note: Rankings are the average of the economy rankings on
Armenia 49
the procedures, time and cost to resolve a commercial dispute Time (days)
ENFORCING CONTRACTS through the courts.
Source: Doing Business database.
Fastest Slowest
Where contract enforcement is efficient, Kyrgyz Republic 177 Burundi 832
businesses are more likely to engage ment (200% of the economy’s income Uzbekistan 195 Mali 860
with new borrowers or customers. Doing per capita). The claim is filed before a Belarus 225 Swaziland 972
Business tracks the efficiency of the ju- court in the economy’s largest business Bhutan 225 Botswana 987
dicial system in resolving a commer- city with jurisdiction over commercial Kazakhstan 230 Afghanistan 1,642
cial dispute, following the step-by-step cases worth 200% of the income per Cost (% of claim)
evolution of a commercial sale dispute capita and is disputed on the merits. Least Most
before local courts. The data are collected Judgment is 100% in favor of the Seller
Bhutan 0.1 Chad 77.4
through study of the codes of civil pro- and is not appealed. Seller enforces the Luxembourg 8.8 Rwanda 78.7
cedure and other court regulations as judgment and the money is successfully Hungary 13.0 Central African 82.0
well as through surveys completed by collected through a public sale of Buyer’s Ethiopia 15.2 Republic
local litigation lawyers (and, in a quarter assets. Rankings on enforcing contracts Moldova 16.6 Burkina Faso 107.4
of the economies, by judges as well). are based on 3 subindicators: Malawi 142.4
The dispute concerns a contract for r /VNCFSPGQSPDFEVSFT
XIJDIBSF Source: Doing Business database.
the sale of goods between two businesses defined as any interaction between
(the Seller and the Buyer) both located in the parties or between them and the efficient courts, firms undertake fewer
the economy’s largest business city. judge or court officer. This includes investments or business transactions.
The Seller sells and delivers goods, steps to file the case, steps for trial And they prefer to involve only a small
worth 200% of the economy’s income per and judgment and steps necessary to group of people who know each other
capita, to the Buyer. The Buyer refuses to enforce the judgment. from previous dealings.
pay on the grounds that they were not of r 5JNF
XIJDIDPVOUTUIFOVNCFSPG
adequate quality. calendar days from the moment the
The Seller sues the Buyer to re- Seller files the lawsuit in court until
cover the amount under the sales agree- payment is received. This includes
both the days on which actions take
FIGURE 2.9 place and the waiting periods in be-
Rankings on enforcing contracts tween.
are based on 3 subindicators
r $PTU
XIJDIJTSFDPSEFEBTBQFSDFOU-
Days to resolve Attorney, court and
commercial sale dispute enforcement costs age of the claim (assumed to be
before courts as % of claim value equivalent to 200% of income per
capita). Three types of costs are re-
33.3% 33.3% corded: court costs (including expert
Time Cost fees), enforcement costs (including
costs for a public sale of Buyer’s as-
33.3% sets) and attorney fees.
Procedures
Justice delayed is often justice denied.
Steps to file claim, obtain and enforce judgment And in many economies only the rich
can afford to go to court. For the rest,
justice is out of reach. In the absence of
DOING BUSINESS TOPICS 21
100%
Recovery
rate
Note: Time and cost do not count separately for the ranking.
22 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
NOTE
Ease of doing
business
The ease of doing business index ranks property rights. The simple average of structure services (other than services
economies from 1 to 181. For each Iceland’s percentile rankings on all top- related to trading across borders or
economy the index is calculated as the ics is 23%. When all economies are or- construction permits), the security of
ranking on the simple average of its dered by their average percentile rank, property from theft and looting, macro-
percentile rankings on each of the 10 Iceland is in 11th place. economic conditions or the strength of
topics covered in Doing Business 2009. More complex aggregation methods underlying institutions. There remains
The ranking on each topic is the simple —such as principal components and a large unfinished agenda for research
average of the percentile rankings on its unobserved components—yield a into what regulation constitutes binding
component indicators (table 3.1). nearly identical ranking.1 The choice of constraints, what package of reforms is
If an economy has no laws or regu- aggregation method has little influence most effective and how these issues are
lations covering a specific area—for on the rankings because the 10 sets of shaped by the context of an economy.
example, bankruptcy—it receives a “no indicators in Doing Business provide The Doing Business indicators provide
practice” mark. Similarly, an economy sufficiently broad coverage across top- a new empirical data set that may im-
receives a “no practice” or “not possible” ics. So Doing Business uses the simplest prove understanding of these issues.
mark if regulation exists but is never method. Doing Business also uses a simple
used in practice or if a competing regu- The ease of doing business index method to calculate the top reformers.
lation prohibits such practice. Either is limited in scope. It does not ac- First, it selects the economies that im-
way, a “no practice” or “not possible” count for an economy’s proximity to plemented reforms making it easier to
mark puts the economy at the bottom of large markets, the quality of its infra- do business in 3 or more of the 10 Doing
the ranking on the relevant indicator.
TABLE 3.1
Here is one example of how the Which indicators make up the ranking?
ranking is constructed. In Iceland it
Starting a business Protecting investors
takes 5 procedures, 5 days and 2.6%
Procedures, time, cost and paid-in minimum Strength of investor protection index: extent of
of annual income per capita in fees to capital to open a new business disclosure index, extent of director liability index
open a business. The minimum capital and ease of shareholder suits index
required amounts to 13.6% of income Dealing with construction permits Paying taxes
per capita. On these 4 indicators Iceland Procedures, time and cost to obtain construction Number of tax payments, time to prepare and file
ranks in the 9th, 3rd, 13th and 58th permits, inspections and utility connections tax returns and to pay taxes, total taxes as a share
of profit before all taxes borne
percentiles. So on average Iceland ranks
Employing workers Trading across borders
in the 21st percentile on the ease of
Difficulty of hiring index, rigidity of hours index, Documents, time and cost to export and import
starting a business. It ranks in the 48th difficulty of firing index, firing cost
percentile on protecting investors, 26th
Registering property Enforcing contracts
percentile on trading across borders,
Procedures, time and cost to transfer commercial Procedures, time and cost to resolve a
8th percentile on enforcing contracts, real estate commercial dispute
8th percentile on closing a business and Getting credit Closing a business
so on. Higher rankings indicate simpler Strength of legal rights index, depth of credit Recovery rate in bankruptcy
regulation and stronger protection of information index
24 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
Central
African Czech
Burkina Faso Burundi Republic Chad Republic Ethiopia Hungary Kazakhstan
Ease of doing business (LANDLOCKED RANK) 28 37 38 36 13 21 6 11
Ease of doing business (GLOBAL RANK) 148 177 180 175 75 116 41 70
Macedonia,
former
Kyrgyz Yugoslav
Republic Lao PDR Lesotho Luxembourg Republic of Malawi Mali Moldova
Ease of doing business (LANDLOCKED RANK) 10 33 23 8 12 25 34 17
Ease of doing business (GLOBAL RANK) 68 165 123 50 71 134 166 103
COUNTRY PROFILE
Afghanistan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
22
30
49
140
Afghanistan
160
162 174
Most difficult 178
(181) 181 179 181
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 22 (LL 3) Protecting investors (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Procedures (number) 4 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 0
Time (days) 9 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 0
Cost (% of income per capita) 59.5 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 2
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 0.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 140 (LL 25) Paying taxes (rank) 49 (LL 7)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 8
Time (days) 340 Time (hours per year) 275
Cost (% of income per capita) 14,918.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 36.4
Employing workers (rank) 30 (LL 6) Trading across borders (rank) 179 (LL 36)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 12
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 74
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,000
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 27 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 0 Time to import (days) 77
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,600
Registering property (rank) 174 (LL 38)
Procedures (number) 9 Enforcing contracts (rank) 160 (LL 35)
Time (days) 250 Procedures (number) 47
Cost (% of property value) 7.0 Time (days) 1,642
Cost (% of claim) 25.0
Getting credit (rank) 178 (LL 38)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 1 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
34 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Armenia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1) 5
28
44 42
Armenia 47
54
66 61
88
143
150
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 66 (LL 11) Protecting investors (rank) 88 (LL 11)
Procedures (number) 9 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 5
Time (days) 18 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 2
Cost (% of income per capita) 3.6 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 8
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 2.3 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 5.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 42 (LL 4) Paying taxes (rank) 150 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 19 Payments (number per year) 50
Time (days) 116 Time (hours per year) 958
Cost (% of income per capita) 28.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) 36.6
Employing workers (rank) 54 (LL 10) Trading across borders (rank) 143 (LL 14)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 7
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 30
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 20 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,746
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 31 Documents to import (number) 9
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 13 Time to import (days) 24
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,981
Registering property (rank) 5 (LL 1)
Procedures (number) 3 Enforcing contracts (rank) 61 (LL 16)
Time (days) 4 Procedures (number) 49
Cost (% of property value) 0.3 Time (days) 285
Cost (% of claim) 19.0
Getting credit (rank) 28 (LL 5)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 47 (LL 5)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 1.9
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 2.6 Cost (% of estate) 4
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 24.4 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 41.8
COUNTRY TABLES 35
COUNTRY PROFILE
Austria
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
12
Austria 27 13 20
19
46 36
50
93
104
126
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 104 (LL 23) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 3
Time (days) 28 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 5.1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 4
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 52.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 46 (LL 5) Paying taxes (rank) 93 (LL 16)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 22
Time (days) 194 Time (hours per year) 170
Cost (% of income per capita) 70.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) 54.5
COUNTRY PROFILE
Azerbaijan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1) 9 12
13 18
15 26
Azerbaijan 33
81
102
155
Most difficult 174
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 155 (LL 30) Paying taxes (rank) 102 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 31 Payments (number per year) 23
Time (days) 207 Time (hours per year) 376
Cost (% of income per capita) 522.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) 41.1
Employing workers (rank) 15 (LL 3) Trading across borders (rank) 174 (LL 33)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 0 Time to export (days) 48
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 10 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,075
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 3 Documents to import (number) 14
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 56
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,420
Registering property (rank) 9 (LL 3)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 26 (LL 7)
Time (days) 11 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 0.3 Time (days) 237
Cost (% of claim) 18.5
Getting credit (rank) 12 (LL 1)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 8 Closing a business (rank) 81 (LL 15)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 2.7
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 3.1 Cost (% of estate) 8
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 30.1
COUNTRY TABLES 37
COUNTRY PROFILE
Belarus
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
14 14
49
65 71
85
Belarus
97 104
109
134
Most difficult
(181) 181
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 97 (LL 22) Protecting investors (rank) 104 (LL 14)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 5
Time (days) 31 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 7.8 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 8
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 12.4 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 65 (LL 9) Paying taxes (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Procedures (number) 17 Payments (number per year) 112
Time (days) 210 Time (hours per year) 1,188
Cost (% of income per capita) 39.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) 117.5
Employing workers (rank) 49 (LL 8) Trading across borders (rank) 134 (LL 10)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 20
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,772
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 27 Documents to import (number) 8
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 26
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,720
Registering property (rank) 14 (LL 5)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 14 (LL 4)
Time (days) 21 Procedures (number) 28
Cost (% of property value) 0.0 Time (days) 225
Cost (% of claim) 23.4
Getting credit (rank) 109 (LL 21)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 2 Closing a business (rank) 71 (LL 12)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 5.8
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 2.4 Cost (% of estate) 22
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 33.4
38 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Bhutan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
13
38 37
63
82
116
Bhutan 124 126
151
Most difficult 172
(181) 181
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 63 (LL 10) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 5
Time (days) 46 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 3
Cost (% of income per capita) 8.5 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 4
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 116 (LL 21) Paying taxes (rank) 82 (LL 15)
Procedures (number) 25 Payments (number per year) 19
Time (days) 183 Time (hours per year) 274
Cost (% of income per capita) 158.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) 39.8
Employing workers (rank) 13 (LL 2) Trading across borders (rank) 151 (LL 17)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 0 Time to export (days) 38
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 20 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,210
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 7 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 10 Time to import (days) 38
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,140
Registering property (rank) 38 (LL 11)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 37 (LL 10)
Time (days) 64 Procedures (number) 47
Cost (% of property value) 0.0 Time (days) 225
Cost (% of claim) 0.1
Getting credit (rank) 172 (LL 36)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 2 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
COUNTRY TABLES 39
COUNTRY PROFILE
Bolivia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
59
98
109
117
126
129 133
Bolivia 150
165
Most difficult
(181) 180 176
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 165 (LL 36) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 15 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 1
Time (days) 50 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 112.4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 6
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 2.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 98 (LL 16) Paying taxes (rank) 176 (LL 36)
Procedures (number) 17 Payments (number per year) 41
Time (days) 249 Time (hours per year) 1,080
Cost (% of income per capita) 121.6 Total tax rate (% of profit) 78.1
Employing workers (rank) 180 (LL 38) Trading across borders (rank) 117 (LL 9)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 78 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 19
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 100 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,425
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 79 Documents to import (number) 7
Firing cost (weeks of salary) NOT POSSIBLE Time to import (days) 23
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,747
Registering property (rank) 129 (LL 29)
Procedures (number) 7 Enforcing contracts (rank) 133 (LL 31)
Time (days) 92 Procedures (number) 40
Cost (% of property value) 4.9 Time (days) 591
Cost (% of claim) 33.2
Getting credit (rank) 109 (LL 21)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 1 Closing a business (rank) 59 (LL 9)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 6 Time (years) 1.8
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 11.9 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 29.7 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 37.3
40 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Botswana
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
17
29 26
Botswana 38
38
43
80 73
92
119
149
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 119 (LL 22) Paying taxes (rank) 17 (LL 2)
Procedures (number) 24 Payments (number per year) 19
Time (days) 167 Time (hours per year) 140
Cost (% of income per capita) 311.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 17.1
Employing workers (rank) 73 (LL 16) Trading across borders (rank) 149 (LL 16)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Time to export (days) 31
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,508
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 20 Documents to import (number) 9
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 90 Time to import (days) 42
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,064
Registering property (rank) 29 (LL 9)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 92 (LL 21)
Time (days) 11 Procedures (number) 29
Cost (% of property value) 5.0 Time (days) 987
Cost (% of claim) 28.1
Getting credit (rank) 43 (LL 9)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 26 (LL 2)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 4 Time (years) 1.7
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 52.9 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 60.3
COUNTRY TABLES 41
COUNTRY PROFILE
Burkina Faso
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
57
110 110
106
113
Burkina 132
Faso 148 145 142
148
Most difficult 173
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 113 (LL 25) Protecting investors (rank) 142 (LL 28)
Procedures (number) 5 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 16 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 62.3 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 4
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 458.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 106 (LL 18) Paying taxes (rank) 132 (LL 29)
Procedures (number) 15 Payments (number per year) 45
Time (days) 214 Time (hours per year) 270
Cost (% of income per capita) 577.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 44.6
Employing workers (rank) 57 (LL 11) Trading across borders (rank) 173 (LL 32)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 11
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Time to export (days) 45
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 10 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,132
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 21 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 34 Time to import (days) 54
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,630
Registering property (rank) 148 (LL 33)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 110 (LL 26)
Time (days) 136 Procedures (number) 37
Cost (% of property value) 10.2 Time (days) 446
Cost (% of claim) 107.4
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 110 (LL 22)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 1 Time (years) 4.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 1.9 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 21.7
42 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Burundi
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
70
114
125
138
Burundi 150
170 170
173 163
Most difficult 177 181
(181) Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 138 (LL 30) Protecting investors (rank) 150 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 11 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4
Time (days) 43 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 215.0 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 173 (LL 35) Paying taxes (rank) 114 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 20 Payments (number per year) 32
Time (days) 384 Time (hours per year) 140
Cost (% of income per capita) 8,515.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) 278.7
Employing workers (rank) 70 (LL 14) Trading across borders (rank) 170 (LL 30)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 47
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,147
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 30 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 26 Time to import (days) 71
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,705
Registering property (rank) 125 (LL 27)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 170 (LL 38)
Time (days) 94 Procedures (number) 44
Cost (% of property value) 10.7 Time (days) 832
Cost (% of claim) 38.6
Getting credit (rank) 163 (LL 35)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 2 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 1 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.3 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
COUNTRY TABLES 43
COUNTRY PROFILE
Central African Republic
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
138 126
Central 133 131
African
Republic 152 151 169
178 175
Most difficult 180 181
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Ease of doing business (rank) 180 (LL 38)
Sub-Saharan Africa GNI per capita (US$) 380
Low income Population (millions) 4.3
Starting a business (rank) 152 (LL 31) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 10 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 14 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 232.3 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 513.9 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 138 (LL 24) Paying taxes (rank) 178 (LL 37)
Procedures (number) 21 Payments (number per year) 54
Time (days) 239 Time (hours per year) 504
Cost (% of income per capita) 278.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 203.8
Employing workers (rank) 151 (LL 34) Trading across borders (rank) 175 (LL 34)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 72 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 57
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 50 Cost to export (US$ per container) 5,121
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 61 Documents to import (number) 18
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 66
Cost to import (US$ per container) 5,074
Registering property (rank) 133 (LL 31)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 169 (LL 37)
Time (days) 75 Procedures (number) 43
Cost (% of property value) 18.6 Time (days) 660
Cost (% of claim) 82.0
Getting credit (rank) 131 (LL 28)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Time (years) 4.8
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 1.2 Cost (% of estate) 76
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
44 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Chad
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
70
126
132 130
139 145 159
Chad 166
175
Most difficult 180 181
(181) Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 180 (LL 38) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 19 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 75 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 175.0 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 365.1 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 70 (LL 10) Paying taxes (rank) 130 (LL 28)
Procedures (number) 9 Payments (number per year) 54
Time (days) 181 Time (hours per year) 122
Cost (% of income per capita) 974.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) 60.5
Employing workers (rank) 139 (LL 32) Trading across borders (rank) 159 (LL 23)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 39 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 78
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 5,367
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 46 Documents to import (number) 9
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 36 Time to import (days) 102
Cost to import (US$ per container) 6,020
Registering property (rank) 132 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 166 (LL 36)
Time (days) 44 Procedures (number) 41
Cost (% of property value) 22.7 Time (days) 743
Cost (% of claim) 77.4
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 1 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.6 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
COUNTRY TABLES 45
COUNTRY PROFILE
Czech Republic
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
43
59 49
Czech 75 65
Republic
88
86 86 95
118 113
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 86 (LL 19) Protecting investors (rank) 88 (LL 11)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 2
Time (days) 15 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 9.6 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 8
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 31.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 5.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 86 (LL 12) Paying taxes (rank) 118 (LL 23)
Procedures (number) 36 Payments (number per year) 12
Time (days) 180 Time (hours per year) 930
Cost (% of income per capita) 16.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 48.6
Employing workers (rank) 59 (LL 12) Trading across borders (rank) 49 (LL 4)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 4
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 17
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 10 Cost to export (US$ per container) 985
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 28 Documents to import (number) 7
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 20
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,087
Registering property (rank) 65 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 95 (LL 22)
Time (days) 123 Procedures (number) 27
Cost (% of property value) 3.0 Time (days) 820
Cost (% of claim) 33.0
Getting credit (rank) 43 (LL 9)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 6 Closing a business (rank) 113 (LL 23)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 6.5
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 4.6 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 65.2 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 20.9
46 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Ethiopia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
37
59
74
78
95
Ethiopia 118 113
116 123
154 152
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 118 (LL 26) Protecting investors (rank) 113 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 7 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4
Time (days) 16 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4
Cost (% of income per capita) 29.8 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 693.6 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 59 (LL 8) Paying taxes (rank) 37 (LL 5)
Procedures (number) 12 Payments (number per year) 20
Time (days) 128 Time (hours per year) 198
Cost (% of income per capita) 790.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) 31.1
Employing workers (rank) 95 (LL 25) Trading across borders (rank) 152 (LL 18)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 46
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,087
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 34 Documents to import (number) 8
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 40 Time to import (days) 42
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,893
Registering property (rank) 154 (LL 35)
Procedures (number) 13 Enforcing contracts (rank) 78 (LL 19)
Time (days) 43 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 7.1 Time (days) 690
Cost (% of claim) 15.2
Getting credit (rank) 123 (LL 26)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 4 Closing a business (rank) 74 (LL 13)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Time (years) 3.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.1 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 32.2
COUNTRY TABLES 47
COUNTRY PROFILE
Hungary
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
12
27 28
Hungary 41
57 55
68
84
89
111
113
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 27 (LL 4) Protecting investors (rank) 113 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 4 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 2
Time (days) 5 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4
Cost (% of income per capita) 8.4 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 7
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 10.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 89 (LL 13) Paying taxes (rank) 111 (LL 20)
Procedures (number) 31 Payments (number per year) 14
Time (days) 204 Time (hours per year) 330
Cost (% of income per capita) 10.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) 57.5
Employing workers (rank) 84 (LL 20) Trading across borders (rank) 68 (LL 7)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 5
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 80 Time to export (days) 18
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 10 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,300
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 30 Documents to import (number) 7
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 35 Time to import (days) 17
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,290
Registering property (rank) 57 (LL 15)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 12 (LL 2)
Time (days) 17 Procedures (number) 33
Cost (% of property value) 11.0 Time (days) 335
Cost (% of claim) 13.0
Getting credit (rank) 28 (LL 5)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 55 (LL 8)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 2.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 10.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 38.4
48 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Kazakhstan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
25
28
29 43
49
70 53
Kazakhstan
78
100
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 175 (LL 37) Paying taxes (rank) 49 (LL 7)
Procedures (number) 38 Payments (number per year) 9
Time (days) 231 Time (hours per year) 271
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,431.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) 36.4
Employing workers (rank) 29 (LL 5) Trading across borders (rank) 180 (LL 37)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 11
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 89
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,005
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 23 Documents to import (number) 13
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 9 Time to import (days) 76
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,055
Registering property (rank) 25 (LL 7)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 28 (LL 8)
Time (days) 40 Procedures (number) 38
Cost (% of property value) 0.1 Time (days) 230
Cost (% of claim) 22.0
Getting credit (rank) 43 (LL 9)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 5 Closing a business (rank) 100 (LL 19)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 6 Time (years) 3.3
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 18
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 25.6 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 25.3
COUNTRY TABLES 49
COUNTRY PROFILE
Kyrgyz Republic
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
11
31
28
Kyrgyz 58 52 52
Republic 68
81
137
155
Most difficult
(181) 181
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 58 (LL 7) Paying taxes (rank) 155 (LL 31)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 75
Time (days) 159 Time (hours per year) 202
Cost (% of income per capita) 405.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) 61.4
Employing workers (rank) 81 (LL 18) Trading across borders (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 13
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 64
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,000
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 38 Documents to import (number) 13
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 17 Time to import (days) 75
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,250
Registering property (rank) 52 (LL 14)
Procedures (number) 7 Enforcing contracts (rank) 52 (LL 15)
Time (days) 8 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 3.9 Time (days) 177
Cost (% of claim) 29.0
Getting credit (rank) 28 (LL 5)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 137 (LL 29)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 4.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 3.7 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 14.2
50 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Lao PDR
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
92 85
145
Lao PDR 165 159 165
Most difficult 180 181
(181) Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 92 (LL 21) Protecting investors (rank) 180 (LL 37)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 0
Time (days) 103 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 3
Cost (% of income per capita) 14.1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 2
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 1.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 110 (LL 20) Paying taxes (rank) 113 (LL 21)
Procedures (number) 24 Payments (number per year) 34
Time (days) 172 Time (hours per year) 560
Cost (% of income per capita) 172.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 33.7
Employing workers (rank) 85 (LL 21) Trading across borders (rank) 165 (LL 25)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 11 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 50
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 50 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,860
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 34 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 19 Time to import (days) 50
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,040
Registering property (rank) 159 (LL 36)
Procedures (number) 9 Enforcing contracts (rank) 111 (LL 27)
Time (days) 135 Procedures (number) 42
Cost (% of property value) 4.1 Time (days) 443
Cost (% of claim) 31.6
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 4 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
COUNTRY TABLES 51
COUNTRY PROFILE
Lesotho
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
54
63 69
84
104
123 125
Lesotho
135
142 141
150
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 125 (LL 28) Protecting investors (rank) 142 (LL 28)
Procedures (number) 7 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 2
Time (days) 40 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 37.8 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 8
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 14.5 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 150 (LL 28) Paying taxes (rank) 54 (LL 10)
Procedures (number) 15 Payments (number per year) 21
Time (days) 601 Time (hours per year) 324
Cost (% of income per capita) 817.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 18.0
Employing workers (rank) 63 (LL 13) Trading across borders (rank) 141 (LL 13)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 22 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 44
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 0 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,549
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 21 Documents to import (number) 8
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 44 Time to import (days) 49
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,715
Registering property (rank) 135 (LL 32)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 104 (LL 25)
Time (days) 101 Procedures (number) 41
Cost (% of property value) 8.2 Time (days) 695
Cost (% of claim) 19.5
Getting credit (rank) 84 (LL 17)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 8 Closing a business (rank) 69 (LL 11)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.6
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 8
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 33.9
52 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Luxembourg
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1) 2
14
40 31
Luxembourg 50 48
69
109
113
118
Starting a business (rank) 69 (LL 12) Protecting investors (rank) 113 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 6 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 26 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4
Cost (% of income per capita) 6.5 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 3
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 21.3 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 40 (LL 3) Paying taxes (rank) 14 (LL 1)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 22
Time (days) 217 Time (hours per year) 59
Cost (% of income per capita) 20.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) 21.0
Employing workers (rank) 167 (LL 36) Trading across borders (rank) 31 (LL 2)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 67 Documents to export (number) 5
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 80 Time to export (days) 6
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,420
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 62 Documents to import (number) 4
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 39 Time to import (days) 6
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,420
Registering property (rank) 118 (LL 26)
Procedures (number) 8 Enforcing contracts (rank) 2 (LL 1)
Time (days) 29 Procedures (number) 26
Cost (% of property value) 10.3 Time (days) 321
Cost (% of claim) 8.8
Getting credit (rank) 109 (LL 21)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 48 (LL 6)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 41.7
COUNTRY TABLES 53
COUNTRY PROFILE
Macedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
12
Macedonia, 27
former 43
Yugoslav 64
Republic of 71 70
88 88
125 129
152
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
MACEDONIA, FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF Ease of doing business (rank) 71 (LL 12)
Eastern Europe & Central Asia GNI per capita (US$) 3,460
Lower middle income Population (millions) 2.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 152 (LL 29) Paying taxes (rank) 27 (LL 4)
Procedures (number) 21 Payments (number per year) 40
Time (days) 198 Time (hours per year) 75
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,862.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) 18.4
Employing workers (rank) 125 (LL 28) Trading across borders (rank) 64 (LL 6)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 50 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 17
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,315
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 47 Documents to import (number) 6
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 26 Time to import (days) 15
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,325
Registering property (rank) 88 (LL 21)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 70 (LL 17)
Time (days) 66 Procedures (number) 38
Cost (% of property value) 3.4 Time (days) 385
Cost (% of claim) 33.1
Getting credit (rank) 43 (LL 9)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 129 (LL 27)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 4 Time (years) 3.7
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 6.5 Cost (% of estate) 28
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 16.7
54 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Malawi
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
58
70
84
96 96
122
Malawi 134 135
138
156
Most difficult 167
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 156 (LL 31) Paying taxes (rank) 58 (LL 12)
Procedures (number) 21 Payments (number per year) 19
Time (days) 213 Time (hours per year) 292
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,289.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) 31.4
Employing workers (rank) 96 (LL 26) Trading across borders (rank) 167 (LL 27)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 56 Documents to export (number) 12
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 0 Time to export (days) 45
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 20 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,671
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 25 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 84 Time to import (days) 54
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,550
Registering property (rank) 96 (LL 24)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 138 (LL 33)
Time (days) 88 Procedures (number) 42
Cost (% of property value) 3.3 Time (days) 432
Cost (% of claim) 142.4
Getting credit (rank) 84 (LL 17)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 8 Closing a business (rank) 135 (LL 28)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.6
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 30
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 15.1
COUNTRY TABLES 55
COUNTRY PROFILE
Mali
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
94 94
106 114
145 150
156
Mali 162 158
166 166
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 162 (LL 34) Protecting investors (rank) 150 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 11 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 26 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 121.5 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 3
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 390.4 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 106 (LL 18) Paying taxes (rank) 156 (LL 32)
Procedures (number) 14 Payments (number per year) 58
Time (days) 208 Time (hours per year) 270
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,186.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) 51.4
Employing workers (rank) 94 (LL 24) Trading across borders (rank) 166 (LL 26)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 38
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,012
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 38 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 31 Time to import (days) 42
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,902
Registering property (rank) 94 (LL 23)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 158 (LL 34)
Time (days) 29 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 20.3 Time (days) 860
Cost (% of claim) 52.0
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 114 (LL 24)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 1 Time (years) 3.6
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 4.1 Cost (% of estate) 18
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 20.9
56 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Moldova
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
17
50
84
89 88
Moldova 104
103
119 123
135
158
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 89 (LL 20) Protecting investors (rank) 104 (LL 14)
Procedures (number) 9 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 7
Time (days) 15 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 8.9 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 6
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 13.4 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 158 (LL 33) Paying taxes (rank) 123 (LL 25)
Procedures (number) 30 Payments (number per year) 53
Time (days) 292 Time (hours per year) 234
Cost (% of income per capita) 142.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) 42.1
Employing workers (rank) 119 (LL 27) Trading across borders (rank) 135 (LL 11)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 44 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 32
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,775
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 41 Documents to import (number) 7
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 37 Time to import (days) 35
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,895
Registering property (rank) 50 (LL 13)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 17 (LL 5)
Time (days) 48 Procedures (number) 31
Cost (% of property value) 0.8 Time (days) 365
Cost (% of claim) 16.6
Getting credit (rank) 84 (LL 17)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 8 Closing a business (rank) 88 (LL 16)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.8
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 28.6
COUNTRY TABLES 57
COUNTRY PROFILE
Mongolia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
20 24
38
58
Mongolia 59
71 68
79
103 108
156
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 103 (LL 17) Paying taxes (rank) 79 (LL 14)
Procedures (number) 21 Payments (number per year) 42
Time (days) 215 Time (hours per year) 204
Cost (% of income per capita) 81.3 Total tax rate (% of profit) 30.3
Employing workers (rank) 71 (LL 15) Trading across borders (rank) 156 (LL 21)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 22 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 80 Time to export (days) 49
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 0 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,131
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 34 Documents to import (number) 8
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 9 Time to import (days) 49
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,274
Registering property (rank) 20 (LL 6)
Procedures (number) 5 Enforcing contracts (rank) 38 (LL 11)
Time (days) 11 Procedures (number) 32
Cost (% of property value) 2.1 Time (days) 314
Cost (% of claim) 30.6
Getting credit (rank) 68 (LL 14)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 6 Closing a business (rank) 108 (LL 21)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 3 Time (years) 4.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 22.7 Cost (% of estate) 8
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 22.1
58 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Nepal
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
28
70
73
107 103
109
Nepal 121 129 121
150
157
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 129 (LL 23) Paying taxes (rank) 107 (LL 19)
Procedures (number) 15 Payments (number per year) 34
Time (days) 424 Time (hours per year) 408
Cost (% of income per capita) 248.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) 34.1
Employing workers (rank) 150 (LL 33) Trading across borders (rank) 157 (LL 22)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 56 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 0 Time to export (days) 41
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 70 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,764
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 42 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 90 Time to import (days) 35
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,900
Registering property (rank) 28 (LL 8)
Procedures (number) 3 Enforcing contracts (rank) 121 (LL 29)
Time (days) 5 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 6.3 Time (days) 735
Cost (% of claim) 26.8
Getting credit (rank) 109 (LL 21)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 5 Closing a business (rank) 103 (LL 20)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Time (years) 5.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.2 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 24.5
COUNTRY TABLES 59
COUNTRY PROFILE
Niger
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
75
120
134
145 138
159 157 150
Niger 166
172 169
Most difficult
(181) Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 159 (LL 33) Protecting investors (rank) 150 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 11 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 6
Time (days) 19 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 170.1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 3
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 702.1 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 157 (LL 32) Paying taxes (rank) 120 (LL 24)
Procedures (number) 17 Payments (number per year) 42
Time (days) 265 Time (hours per year) 270
Cost (% of income per capita) 2,694.0 Total tax rate (% of profit) 42.3
Employing workers (rank) 166 (LL 35) Trading across borders (rank) 169 (LL 29)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 100 Documents to export (number) 8
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 59
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 50 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,545
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 70 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 35 Time to import (days) 64
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,545
Registering property (rank) 75 (LL 19)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 134 (LL 32)
Time (days) 35 Procedures (number) 39
Cost (% of property value) 11.1 Time (days) 545
Cost (% of claim) 59.6
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 138 (LL 30)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 1 Time (years) 5.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.9 Cost (% of estate) 18
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 14.0
60 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Paraguay
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
53
82 70 68
96 102 103
Paraguay 115 116
138
Most difficult
(181) 177
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 96 (LL 15) Paying taxes (rank) 102 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 35
Time (days) 291 Time (hours per year) 328
Cost (% of income per capita) 342.2 Total tax rate (% of profit) 35.0
Employing workers (rank) 177 (LL 37) Trading across borders (rank) 138 (LL 12)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 56 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 35
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 60 Cost to export (US$ per container) 915
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 59 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 113 Time to import (days) 33
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,200
Registering property (rank) 70 (LL 18)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 103 (LL 24)
Time (days) 46 Procedures (number) 38
Cost (% of property value) 3.5 Time (days) 591
Cost (% of claim) 30.0
Getting credit (rank) 68 (LL 14)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 116 (LL 25)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 6 Time (years) 3.9
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 9.7 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 48.6 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 20.7
COUNTRY TABLES 61
COUNTRY PROFILE
Rwanda
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
60 48
60 56
90
93
Starting a business (rank) 60 (LL 9) Protecting investors (rank) 170 (LL 35)
Procedures (number) 8 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 2
Time (days) 14 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 108.9 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 1
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 2.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 90 (LL 14) Paying taxes (rank) 56 (LL 11)
Procedures (number) 14 Payments (number per year) 34
Time (days) 210 Time (hours per year) 160
Cost (% of income per capita) 607.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 33.7
Employing workers (rank) 93 (LL 23) Trading across borders (rank) 168 (LL 28)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 44 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 42
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,275
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 38 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 26 Time to import (days) 42
Cost to import (US$ per container) 5,070
Registering property (rank) 60 (LL 16)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 48 (LL 14)
Time (days) 315 Procedures (number) 24
Cost (% of property value) 0.6 Time (days) 310
Cost (% of claim) 78.7
Getting credit (rank) 145 (LL 29)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 2 Closing a business (rank) 181 (LL 38)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 2 Time (years) NO PRACTICE
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.3 Cost (% of estate) NO PRACTICE
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.0
62 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Serbia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
28
62
70
94 91 96
Serbia 97 99
106
126
Starting a business (rank) 106 (LL 24) Protecting investors (rank) 70 (LL 7)
Procedures (number) 11 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 7
Time (days) 23 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 6
Cost (% of income per capita) 7.6 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 3
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 6.9 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 5.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 171 (LL 34) Paying taxes (rank) 126 (LL 26)
Procedures (number) 20 Payments (number per year) 66
Time (days) 279 Time (hours per year) 279
Cost (% of income per capita) 2,177.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) 34.0
Employing workers (rank) 91 (LL 22) Trading across borders (rank) 62 (LL 5)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 67 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Time to export (days) 12
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,398
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 39 Documents to import (number) 6
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 25 Time to import (days) 14
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,559
Registering property (rank) 97 (LL 25)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 96 (LL 23)
Time (days) 111 Procedures (number) 36
Cost (% of property value) 2.9 Time (days) 635
Cost (% of claim) 28.9
Getting credit (rank) 28 (LL 5)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 99 (LL 18)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 2.7
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 23
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 91.9 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 25.4
COUNTRY TABLES 63
COUNTRY PROFILE
Slovakia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1) 7
12
36
Slovakia 48 37
53
47
83
104
116
126
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 48 (LL 6) Protecting investors (rank) 104 (LL 14)
Procedures (number) 6 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 3
Time (days) 16 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 4
Cost (% of income per capita) 3.3 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 7
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 30.4 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.7
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 53 (LL 6) Paying taxes (rank) 126 (LL 26)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 31
Time (days) 287 Time (hours per year) 325
Cost (% of income per capita) 13.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 47.4
Employing workers (rank) 83 (LL 19) Trading across borders (rank) 116 (LL 8)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 17 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 25
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 1,445
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 36 Documents to import (number) 8
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 13 Time to import (days) 25
Cost to import (US$ per container) 1,445
Registering property (rank) 7 (LL 2)
Procedures (number) 3 Enforcing contracts (rank) 47 (LL 13)
Time (days) 17 Procedures (number) 30
Cost (% of property value) 0.1 Time (days) 565
Cost (% of claim) 25.7
Getting credit (rank) 12 (LL 1)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 9 Closing a business (rank) 37 (LL 4)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 4 Time (years) 4.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 1.4 Cost (% of estate) 18
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 39.9 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 45.9
64 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Swaziland
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
21
40 43
52
65
Swaziland 108
129
153 153 154
Most difficult
(181) 178
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 153 (LL 32) Protecting investors (rank) 178 (LL 36)
Procedures (number) 13 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 0
Time (days) 61 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 35.1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.6 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 2.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 21 (LL 1) Paying taxes (rank) 52 (LL 9)
Procedures (number) 13 Payments (number per year) 33
Time (days) 93 Time (hours per year) 104
Cost (% of income per capita) 94.9 Total tax rate (% of profit) 36.6
Employing workers (rank) 40 (LL 7) Trading across borders (rank) 154 (LL 20)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 9
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 20 Time to export (days) 21
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 20 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,184
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 13 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 53 Time to import (days) 33
Cost to import (US$ per container) 2,249
Registering property (rank) 153 (LL 34)
Procedures (number) 11 Enforcing contracts (rank) 129 (LL 30)
Time (days) 46 Procedures (number) 40
Cost (% of property value) 7.1 Time (days) 972
Cost (% of claim) 23.1
Getting credit (rank) 43 (LL 9)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 6 Closing a business (rank) 65 (LL 10)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 5 Time (years) 2.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 15
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 43.5 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 34.9
COUNTRY TABLES 65
COUNTRY PROFILE
Switzerland
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
21 12 19
Switzerland 19 13 32
32 36
39
52
Starting a business (rank) 52 (LL 7) Protecting investors (rank) 164 (LL 34)
Procedures (number) 6 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 0
Time (days) 20 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 2.1 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 4
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 27.6 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 32 (LL 2) Paying taxes (rank) 19 (LL 3)
Procedures (number) 14 Payments (number per year) 24
Time (days) 154 Time (hours per year) 63
Cost (% of income per capita) 52.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 28.9
COUNTRY PROFILE
Tajikistan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
23
46
97
128
150
Tajikistan 159 159
168
Most difficult 178 172 177
(181) Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 168 (LL 37) Protecting investors (rank) 150 (LL 30)
Procedures (number) 13 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4
Time (days) 49 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 27.6 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 216.8 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 3.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 178 (LL 38) Paying taxes (rank) 159 (LL 34)
Procedures (number) 32 Payments (number per year) 54
Time (days) 351 Time (hours per year) 224
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,420.7 Total tax rate (% of profit) 85.5
Employing workers (rank) 128 (LL 30) Trading across borders (rank) 177 (LL 35)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 10
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 80 Time to export (days) 82
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 40 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,150
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 51 Documents to import (number) 10
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 83
Cost to import (US$ per container) 4,550
Registering property (rank) 46 (LL 12)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 23 (LL 6)
Time (days) 37 Procedures (number) 34
Cost (% of property value) 1.8 Time (days) 295
Cost (% of claim) 20.5
Getting credit (rank) 172 (LL 36)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 2 Closing a business (rank) 97 (LL 17)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 3.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 25.4
COUNTRY TABLES 67
COUNTRY PROFILE
Uganda
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
11
51
70
81
111 109
Uganda
117
129 126
145
Most difficult 167
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 129 (LL 29) Protecting investors (rank) 126 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 18 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 2
Time (days) 25 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 5
Cost (% of income per capita) 100.7 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 5
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 0.0 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.0
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 81 (LL 11) Paying taxes (rank) 70 (LL 13)
Procedures (number) 16 Payments (number per year) 32
Time (days) 143 Time (hours per year) 222
Cost (% of income per capita) 703.5 Total tax rate (% of profit) 34.5
Employing workers (rank) 11 (LL 1) Trading across borders (rank) 145 (LL 15)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 0 Time to export (days) 39
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 10 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,090
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 3 Documents to import (number) 7
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 13 Time to import (days) 37
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,290
Registering property (rank) 167 (LL 37)
Procedures (number) 13 Enforcing contracts (rank) 117 (LL 28)
Time (days) 227 Procedures (number) 38
Cost (% of property value) 4.1 Time (days) 535
Cost (% of claim) 44.9
Getting credit (rank) 109 (LL 21)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 7 Closing a business (rank) 51 (LL 7)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.2
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 30
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 41.1
68 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Uzbekistan
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
46
70 76
113
122
Uzbekistan 125 123
138
148
162
Most difficult 171
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Starting a business (rank) 70 (LL 13) Protecting investors (rank) 113 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 7 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 4
Time (days) 15 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 6
Cost (% of income per capita) 10.3 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 3
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 17.7 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 148 (LL 27) Paying taxes (rank) 162 (LL 35)
Procedures (number) 26 Payments (number per year) 106
Time (days) 260 Time (hours per year) 196
Cost (% of income per capita) 123.4 Total tax rate (% of profit) 90.6
Employing workers (rank) 76 (LL 17) Trading across borders (rank) 171 (LL 31)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 33 Documents to export (number) 7
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 80
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 30 Cost to export (US$ per container) 3,100
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 34 Documents to import (number) 11
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 22 Time to import (days) 104
Cost to import (US$ per container) 4,600
Registering property (rank) 125 (LL 28)
Procedures (number) 12 Enforcing contracts (rank) 46 (LL 12)
Time (days) 78 Procedures (number) 42
Cost (% of property value) 1.5 Time (days) 195
Cost (% of claim) 22.2
Getting credit (rank) 123 (LL 26)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 3 Closing a business (rank) 122 (LL 26)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 3 Time (years) 4.0
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 2.3 Cost (% of estate) 10
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 2.2 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 18.7
COUNTRY TABLES 69
COUNTRY PROFILE
Zambia
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
38
71 68 70
80
91 87
Zambia 100
135
146 153
Most difficult
(181)
Ease of Starting a Dealing with Employing Registering Getting Protecting Paying Trading Enforcing Closing a
doing business construction workers property credit investors taxes across contracts business
business permits borders
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 146 (LL 26) Paying taxes (rank) 38 (LL 6)
Procedures (number) 17 Payments (number per year) 37
Time (days) 254 Time (hours per year) 132
Cost (% of income per capita) 1,023.1 Total tax rate (% of profit) 16.1
Employing workers (rank) 135 (LL 31) Trading across borders (rank) 153 (LL 19)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 22 Documents to export (number) 6
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 60 Time to export (days) 53
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 20 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,664
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 34 Documents to import (number) 9
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 178 Time to import (days) 64
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,335
Registering property (rank) 91 (LL 22)
Procedures (number) 6 Enforcing contracts (rank) 87 (LL 20)
Time (days) 39 Procedures (number) 35
Cost (% of property value) 6.6 Time (days) 471
Cost (% of claim) 38.7
Getting credit (rank) 68 (LL 14)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 9 Closing a business (rank) 80 (LL 14)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 2.7
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 9
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.1 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 30.2
70 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
COUNTRY PROFILE
Zimbabwe
Ranking
NEW ST. VINCENT & UNITED SAUDI NEW HONG KONG
SINGAPORE ZEALAND THE GRENADINES STATES ARABIA MALAYSIA ZEALAND MALDIVES SINGAPORE CHINA JAPAN
EASIEST (1)
85 77
84
113
127
Starting a business (rank) 164 (LL 35) Protecting investors (rank) 113 (LL 17)
Procedures (number) 10 Extent of disclosure index (0-10) 8
Time (days) 96 Extent of director liability index (0-10) 1
Cost (% of income per capita) 432.7 Ease of shareholder suits index (0-10) 4
Minimum capital (% of income per capita) 3.4 Strength of investor protection index (0-10) 4.3
Dealing with construction permits (rank) 174 (LL 36) Paying taxes (rank) 157 (LL 33)
Procedures (number) 19 Payments (number per year) 52
Time (days) 1,426 Time (hours per year) 256
Cost (% of income per capita) 16,368.8 Total tax rate (% of profit) 63.7
Employing workers (rank) 127 (LL 29) Trading across borders (rank) 162 (LL 24)
Difficulty of hiring index (0-100) 0 Documents to export (number) 7
Rigidity of hours index (0-100) 40 Time to export (days) 53
Difficulty of firing index (0-100) 60 Cost to export (US$ per container) 2,678
Rigidity of employment index (0-100) 33 Documents to import (number) 9
Firing cost (weeks of salary) 446 Time to import (days) 73
Cost to import (US$ per container) 3,999
Registering property (rank) 85 (LL 20)
Procedures (number) 4 Enforcing contracts (rank) 77 (LL 18)
Time (days) 30 Procedures (number) 38
Cost (% of property value) 25.0 Time (days) 410
Cost (% of claim) 32.0
Getting credit (rank) 84 (LL 17)
Strength of legal rights index (0-10) 8 Closing a business (rank) 154 (LL 31)
Depth of credit information index (0-6) 0 Time (years) 3.3
Public registry coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Cost (% of estate) 22
Private bureau coverage (% of adults) 0.0 Recovery rate (cents on the dollar) 0.1
EASE OF DOING BUSINESS 71
Acknowledgments
Doing Business in Landlocked Economies Oliver Hart and Andrei Shleifer pro- Contact details for local partners
2009 was prepared by a team led by vided academic advice on the project. are available on the
Allen Dennis and Camille Ramos, with The paying taxes project was conducted
Doing Business website at
the help of Caroline van Coppenolle and in collaboration with Pricewaterhouse-
Tea Trumbic. Coopers, led by Robert Morris. http://www.doingbusiness.org
Doing Business 2009 was prepared by Alison Strong copyedited the manu-
a team led by Sylvia Solf, Simeon Djankov script. Gerry Quinn designed the report
(through March 2008) and Penelope and the graphs. Alexandra Quinn pro-
Brook (from April 2008) under the gen- vided desktopping services. The online
eral direction of Michael Klein. The team service of the Doing Business database is
comprised Teymour Abdel Aziz, Svetlana managed by Ramin Aliyev, Felipe Itur-
Bagaudinova, Karim O. Belayachi, Mema ralde Escudero and Graeme Littler under
Beye, Frederic Bustelo, César Chaparro the direction of Suzanne Smith.
Yedro, Maya Choueiri, Roger Coma- We are grateful for valuable comments
Cunill, Santiago Croci Downes, Marie De- provided by colleagues across the World
lion, Allen Dennis, Jacqueline den Otter, Bank Group and for the guidance of World
Alejandro Espinosa-Wang, Monica Fon- Bank Group Executive Directors.
seca Fernandez, Kjartan Fjeldsted, Elena The report was made possible by
Gasol Ramos, Carolin Geginat, Cemile the generous contribution of more than
Hacibeyoglu, Jamal Haidar, Sabine Hert- 6,700 lawyers, accountants, judges, busi-
veldt, Palarp Jumpasut, Dahlia Khalifa, nesspeople and public officials in 181
Jean Michel Lobet, Oliver Lorenz, Valerie economies. Global and regional con-
Marechal, Andres Martinez, Alexandra tributors are firms that have completed
Mincu, Sushmitha Narsiah, Joanna Nasr, multiple surveys in their various offices
Dana Omran, Caroline Otonglo, Nadia around the world.
Ram, Rita Ramalho, Camille Ramos, Quotations in this report are
Ivana Rossi, Yara Salem, Pilar Salgado- from Doing Business local partners un-
Otónel, Umar Shavurov, Larisa Smirnova, less otherwise indicated. The names of
Jayashree Srinivasan, Susanne Szymanski, those wishing to be acknowledged in-
Tea Trumbic, Caroline van Coppenolle, dividually are listed on the following
Bryan Welsh, Justin Yap and Lior Ziv. Jan pages. Contact details are posted on the
Bezem, Sonali Bishop, Tara Sabre Collier, Doing Business website at http://www
Sarah Iqbal, Alice Ouedraogo, Babacar .doingbusiness.org.
Sedikh Faye and Jennifer Yip assisted in
the months prior to publication.
72 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
Juliana White Michel Sawadogo Willy Rubeya Jean Baptiste Nouganga Jakub Hajek
Botswana Stock Exchange Université de Cabinet Willy Rubeya Bureau Comptable Fiscal - Ambruz & Dark
Ouagadougou Cabinet Nouganga advokáti, v.o.s.
Dave Williams Benjamin Rufagari PricewaterhouseCoopers
Minchin & Kelly Moussa Sogodogo Deloitte & Touche Bako Sah Legal Services
Avocat à la Cour Architect
Clémence Rwamo
BU R K I NA FAS O Barterlé Mathieu Some Ministère de la Justice
Michal Hanko
C HA D Bubnik, Myslil & Partners
Campene A Theophile Avocat à la Cour
Fabien Segatwa Jarmila Hanzalova
Thombiano Sylvain Etude Me Segatwa Abdelkerim Ahmat
Fortune Bicaba
SDV Procházka Randl Kubr,
EPURE member of Ius Laboris &
Dieudonne Bonkoungou Gabriel Sinarinzi
Dominique Taty Cabinet Me Gabriel Oscar D’Estaing Deffosso Lex Mundi
Birika Jean Claude Bonzi FIDAFRICA / Sinarinzi FIDAFRICA / Vlastimil Hokr
PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers
B. Thierry Compaoré Salvatore Sindayihebura BDO Prima Audit s.r.o.
Ingenierie-Design- Clément Toe SDV Transami - Groupe Baba Dina
Architecture Vít Horáček
Général d’Electricité et Bolloré Stat N'Djaména
Glatzová and Co. Law
Bernardin Dabire Divers Mahamat Djibrine Offices
Audace Sunzu
Cabinet Bernardin Dabire Fousséni Traoré REGIDESO-Burundi STD Hana Hrbacova
Laurent-Michel Dabire FIDAFRICA / N’Doningar Djimasna Ambruz & Dark
Cabinet Bernardin Dabire PricewaterhouseCoopers CENTRAL AFRICAN Faculté de Droit, advokáti, v.o.s.
Jonathan Darboux Bouba Yaguibou REPUBLIC Université de N’Djamena PricewaterhouseCoopers
Legal Services
BCEAO Seydou Roger Yamba Richard Anokonayen Philippe Fouda Fouda
Cabinet Maitre Sankara Ministerie de la fonction BEAC Iva Hromková
Denis Dawende Glatzová and Co. Law
Office Notarial Me Jean Publique Caroline Idrissou-Belingar
Gilles Corneille Yaméogo Offices
Celestin Zoure Barreau du Burkina Faso Max Symphorien Babdiba BEAC
Club OHADA Ludvik Juřička
Sylvie Dembelé Ousmane Prosper Zoungrana Narcisse Madjiyore Dongar Ambruz & Dark
Daouda Diallo Théophane Noël Zoure
Jean Christophe Bakossa Issa Ngarmbassa advokáti, v.o.s.
Fisc Consulting L’Ordre Centraficain des Etude Me Issa Ngar mbassa PricewaterhouseCoopers
Office Notarial Me Jean Architectes Legal Services
International Celestin Zoure Nissaouabé Passang
Fatimatou Zahra Diop Emile Bizon Robert Jurka
Etude Me Passang
BCEAO BU RU N DI Cabinet Tiangaye - BDO Prima Audit s.r.o.
Université de Bangui Nicolas Ronzié
Jean Claude Gnamien Bireha Audace Jiri Klimicek
FIDAFRICA /
FIDAFRICA / Banques-Microfinance- Michel Desprez
PricewaterhouseCoopers Squire, Sanders & Dempsey,
PricewaterhouseCoopers Gestion immobilière SDV Centrafrique - Groupe v.o.s. advokát kancelář
Bolloré Gilles Schwarz
Hermann Gnango Joseph Bahizi Miroslav Kocman
SDV
FIDAFRICA / Banque de la République Maurice Dibert- Dollet Iccrue s.r.o.
PricewaterhouseCoopers du Burundi Ministère de la Justice Dominique Taty
Adela Krbcová
FIDAFRICA /
Sibi Desire Gouba Sylvestre Banzubaze Bertin-Rufin Dimanche
PricewaterhouseCoopers Peterka & Partners
Office Notarial Me Jean Avocat au barreau du Ministère des Finances,
Direction Générale des Nadine Tinen Tchangoum Petr Kucera
Celestin Zoure Burundi CCB - Czech Banking
Impôts et des Domaines FIDAFRICA /
Issaka Kargourou Emmanuel Hakizimana PricewaterhouseCoopers Credit Bureau
Maison de l’entreprise du Cab. D’Avocats-Conseils Christiane Doraz-Serefessenet
Secrétaire Générale de la Sobdibé Zoua Lenka Mrazova
Burkina Faso PricewaterhouseCoopers
Dominik Kohlhagen Chambre des Notaires Law Firm SCPP
Barthélémy Kere Chercheur au Laboratoire David Musil
Cabinet d’Avocats d’Anthropologie Juridique Marie-Edith Douzima-Lawson
Cabinet Douzima C Z E C H R E P U B L IC PricewaterhouseCoopers
Barthélemy Kere de Paris
&Ministère de la fonction Allen & Overy, Praha Jarmila Musilova
Gilbert Kibtonre Augustin Mabushi publique Advokátní kancelář National Bank
CEFAC A & JN Mabushi Cabinet
d’Avocats Energie Centrafricaine Tomas Babacek Stanislav Myslil
Messan Lawson (ENERCA)
Jean Marie Mudende Ambruz & Dark Cermak Horejs Myslil a
Colette Lefebvre Philippe Fouda Fouda advokáti, v.o.s. spol.
Republique de Burundi PricewaterhouseCoopers
Inspection du Travail Ministere de la Justice BEAC Jörg Nürnberger
Legal Services
Ido Leocaldie Bonaventure Nicimpaye Dolly Gotilogue DLA Piper
Cabinet Bernardin Dabire Libor Basl
Intercontact Services, S.A. Isidore Grothe Baker & McKenzie Athanassios Pantazopoulos
Evelyne Mandessi Bell Bernard Ntahiraja Ministère des Finances et IKRP Rokas & Partners and
Cabinet Ouedraogo & du Budget Martin Bohuslav Dr. A. Pantazopoulos
Cabinet Willy Rubeya Ambruz & Dark
Bonkoungou Gabriel Houndoni Marketa Penazova
Tharcisse Ntakiyica advokáti, v.o.s.
Evelyne M’Bassidgé Club OHADA PricewaterhouseCoopers Ambruz & Dark
Barreau du Burundi advokáti, v.o.s.
FIDAFRICA / Caroline Idrissou-Belingar Legal Services
PricewaterhouseCoopers Daniel Ntawurishira PricewaterhouseCoopers
BEAC Stephen B. Booth Legal Services
Adeline Messou SDV Transami - Groupe
Bolloré Noel Kelembho PricewaterhouseCoopers
FIDAFRICA / Jan Petřík
PricewaterhouseCoopers François Nyamoya SDV - Groupe Bolloré Jiří Černý Brzobohatý Brož & Honsa,
Avocat à la Cour Bouna Loumandet Chrésia Peterka & Partners v.o.s.
Oumarou Ouedraogo
Avocat à la Cour Déogratias Nzemba Etude Notariale Matěj Daněk Kristýna Pohlová
Avocat à la Cour Jean Paul Maradas Nado Procházka Randl Kubr, Glatzová and Co. Law
N. Henri Ouedraogo member of Ius Laboris & Offices
Ministere des Finances et Ministere de l’Urbanisme
Laurent Nzeyimana Lex Mundi
du Budget President du Conseil Anasthasie Mbo-Gaudeuille Pavla Přikrylová
d’Arbitrage CEBAC Chambre de Commerce
Svatava Dokoupilova Peterka & Partners
François de Salle Ouedraogo Czech Office for
Societe Nationale d’Industrie des mines et de Jan Procházka
Phillipe Pasquali
L’artisanat Surveying, Mapping and
d’Electricite du Burkina SDV Transami - Groupe Cadastre Ambruz & Dark
Bolloré Serge Médard Missamou advokáti, v.o.s.
Benewende S. Sankara Jitka Ernestova PricewaterhouseCoopers
Cabinet Maitre Sankara Club OHADA
Prosper Ringuyeneza Peterka & Partners Legal Services
Hermann Sanon Architecture et Yves Namkomokoina
Construction (A.C.) Kristýna Fišerová
Office Notarial Me Jean Magistrat, Commerce
Tribunal Peterka & Partners
Celestin Zoure
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 75
Nataša Randlová Getahun Nana Dóra Máthé Shamshidin Bizhkenov Liza Zhumakhmetova
Procházka Randl Kubr, National Bank PricewaterhouseCoopers Aristan Project PricewaterhouseCoopers
member of Ius Laboris & Management Group Legal Services
Lex Mundi Mehari Redae Richárd Medve (APMG)
Addis Ababa University Réti, Antall & Madl Ainur Zhumanbayeva
Tomas Richter Landwell Law Firm Sergey Chetverikov Michael Wilson & Partners
Clifford Chance LLP/ Abiot Seleshi PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltd.
Institute of Economic National Bank Lívia Mihovics
Studies, Faculty of Réti, Antall & Madl Michael Dark
K Y RG Y Z R E P U B L IC
Seyoum Yonhannes Tesfy Landwell Law Firm Michael Wilson & Partners
Social Sciences, Charles Addis Ababa University
University Ltd. Ainura Abdyrakunova
László Mohai
Zdenek Rosicky
Mekbib Tsegaw Almaz Dosserbekov Lorenz Law Firm
Attorney-at-Law Judit Nagy
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, Aristan Project Gulnara Ahmatova
Bellák & Partners Law Management Group
v.o.s. advokát kancelář Aklilu Wolde Amanuel Office, member of Ius International Business
(APMG) Council
Leona Sevcikova Aklilu Woldemariam Laboris
Panalpina s.r.o. Ethiopian Investment Ardak Dyussembayeva Nursulu Ahmetova
Sándor Németh
Agency Aequitas Law Firm USAID Business
Robert Sgariboldi Szecskay Attorneys-at-Law
Courtney Fowler Environment Improvement
Panalpina s.r.o. H U N G A RY Tamás Pásztor Project
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Dana Sládečková Nagy és Trócsányi Law
Morley Allen & Overy Office, member of Lex Oleg Gnoevykh Renat Akhmetov
National Bank PricewaterhouseCoopers
Iroda Mundi M&M Logistics
Marie Strachotová Sabyrbek Akimabev
Pethő Ádám Tibor Szabó Semion Issyk
Peterka & Partners USAID Business
BISZ Central Credit Réti, Antall & Madl Aequitas Law Firm
Miroslav Tichý Information Ltd Landwell Law Firm Environment Improvement
DLA Piper Vladimir Ivlev Project
Mark Balastyai András Szecskay First Credit Bureau
Růžena Trojánková Futureal Holding Co. Szecskay Attorneys-at-Law Niyazbek Aldashev
Linklaters Thomas Johnson Lorenz Law Firm
Péter Bárdos Ilona Szarka Denton Wilde Sapte
Klára Valentová IB Grant Thornton Natalia Alenkina
Sándor Békési Elena Kaeva Consultant Holding
Ambruz & Dark Consulting Kft.
Partos & Noblet Lovells PricewaterhouseCoopers
advokáti, v.o.s. Ágnes Szent-Ivány Petrova Alevtina
PricewaterhouseCoopers Judit Bókai Dina Kali Engineering Service Ltd
Legal Services Sándor Szegedi Szent-Ivány
Dr Bókai Notary Office Komáromi Eversheds PricewaterhouseCoopers
Legal Services Dogadin Andrei
Ludìk Vrána Hedi Bozsonyik Viktória Szilágyi Union of Entrepreneurs of
Linklaters Szecskay Attorneys-at-Law Nursultan Kassenov Kyrgyzstan
Nagy és Trócsányi Law
Markéta Zachová Zsuzsanna Cseri Office, member of Lex Aristan Project
Management Group Talaybek Asylbekov
Vejmelka & Wünsch, s.r.o. Bárd, Cseri & Partners Mundi
(APMG) International Business
Veronika Žaloudková Law Firm László Szűcs Council
Iccrue s.r.o. István Sándor Réti, Antall & Madl Pasha Karim
Globalink Logistics Group Denis Bagrov
Kelemen, Meszaros, Sandor Landwell Law Firm
Grata Law Firm
E T H IOP IA & Partners Tibor Torok Yekaterina Kim
Michael Wilson & Partners Zharkymbai Baiganchuk
Dalma Dudás PricewaterhouseCoopers
Nethanet Alemu Ltd. Construction Company
Réti, Antall & Madl Ádám Tóth -KEP Stroi Ltd
Daniel Alemu Landwell Alexander Kurganov
Attorney-at-Law Dr. Tóth & Dr. Gáspár Julia Bulatova
Gabriella Erdos Közjegyzői Iroda M&M Logistics
Ato Wondimeneh Asrat Law Firm "Partner"
PricewaterhouseCoopers Gábor Varga Abdulkhamid Muminov
National Bank PricewaterhouseCoopers Natalia Dolinskaya
György Fehér BISZ Central Credit
Bekure Assefa Information Ltd International Business
Bellák & Partners Law Assel Musina Council
Bekure Assefa Law Office Office, member of Ius Agnes Wolford Denton Wilde Sapte
Yonas Kidane Demiyesus Laboris Budapest Viii. district
Akjoltoi Elebesova
Municipality
Berik Nurgaziyev Credit Information Bureau
Dashen Bank S.C. Anna Gáspár Aristan Project Ishenim
Shimelise Eshete Build-Econ Ltd. Blanka Zombori Management Group
(APMG) Damir Esenaliev
MIDROC Construction PLC Karolina Gombos PricewaterhouseCoopers
The World Bank
Teshome G.M. Bokan IB Grant Thornton Yuliya Penzova
Consulting Kft. K A Z A K H S TA N Aequitas Law Firm Saltanat Ismailova
TGMB Law Office PricewaterhouseCoopers
IFS Ltd. Bolat Abaidullayev Saniya Perzadayeva
Nega Getahun Nurbek Ismankulov
City Administration of Norbert Izer Business Environment Macleod Dixon
Improvement Project/ M&M Logistics
Addis Ababa PricewaterhouseCoopers Elvis Robert
Pragma Corporation Kalberdiev Junus
Berhane Ghebray Zsuzsa Kardos M&M Logistics
Ardak Aiyekeyeva Kalmamtovich
Berhane Ghebray & Bellák & Partners Law Asem Shaidildinova The Gosregister of the
Associates Office, member of Ius PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCoopers Kyrgz Republic
Laboris Anvar Akhmedov
Yosef Kebede Kanat Skakov Abykeev Kadyr
Dashen Bank S.C. Zsuzsanna Károlyi First Credit Bureau
Salans Avangard Style LTD
Bellák & Partners Law Aman Aliev
Emebet Ketema Office, member of Ius Zhaniya Ussen Vitaliy Khabarov
Assistance, LLC Law Firm
Tadesse Kiros Laboris Assistance, LLC Law Firm Law Firm "Partner"
Tadesse, Getachew & Abate Askar Baigazin
Adrienn Keller PricewaterhouseCoopers Dubek Zhabykenov Tatyana Kim
Law Office Bellák & Partners Law Legal Services BA Services International Chamber of Tax
Taddesse Lencho Office, member of Ius LLC Consultants
Addis Ababa University Laboris Nurlan Baimurzayev
Ministry of Justice Danat Zhakenov Galina Kucheryavaya
Molla Mengistu Andrea Kocziha Zhakenov & Partners Organisation Group of
Addis Ababa University PricewaterhouseCoopers Ildus Bariev in association with Procredit Holding
Globalink Logistics Group Grundberg Mocatta
Fikremarkos Merso Russell Lambert Nurdin Kumushbekov
Rakison
Addis Ababa University PricewaterhouseCoopers Aliya Baysenova USAID Business
Assistance, LLC Law Firm Valerie A. Zhakenov Environment Improvement
Woldegabriel Naizghi Petra Lencs
Zhakenov & Partners Project
HST & Co. Bárd, Cseri & Partners Gulnur Bekmukhanbetova
in association with
Law Firm McGuireWoods Grundberg Mocatta
Kazakhstan LLP Rakison
76 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
Usen Kydyraliev Thavorn Rujivanarom Gérard Eischen Zoran Cvetanoski Vladimir Vasilevski
Entrepreneurs’ Union of PricewaterhouseCoopers Chamber of Commerce State Authority for Betasped International
Kyrgyzstan of the Grand-Duchy of Geodetic Works Freight Forwarding
Khongsy Saisouttha Luxembourg
Erkin Madmarov Judgement Enforcement Pavlinka Dameska Eva Veljanovska
IBC Office of Vientiane Martine Gerber Lemaire Mens Legis Cakmakova Mens Legis Cakmakova
Capital Oostvogels Pfister Feyten Advocates Advocates
Barno Marazykova
Law Firm "Partner" Sivath Sengdouangchanh Anabela Fernandes Aleksandar Dimić Sanja Veljanovska
Consultant PricewaterhouseCoopers Polenak Law Firm Mens Legis Law Firm
Tatyana Marchenko
Lorenz Law Firm Khamphone Sipaseuth Jean Luc Heiby Aleksandra Donevska Metodija Velkov
Ministry of Justice SDV International Lawyers Antevski Polenak Law Firm
Olga Moreva Logistics
USAID Business Danyel Thomson Vesna Gavriloska Darko Vuksanović
Environment Improvement DFDL Mekong Law Group Isabelle Lapietra Mens Legis Cakmakova Milica Zafirova
Project PricewaterhouseCoopers Advocates
Andrea Wilson Markovska & Andrevski
Janybek Musaev DFDL Mekong Law Group Roxanne Le Ligeour Ana Hadzieva
Almas Nakipov Loyens & Loeff Polenak Law Firm M A L AW I
PricewaterhouseCoopers L E S OT HO Michaël Lockman Solobodan Hristovski Kevin M. Carpenter
Aidin Nazekov Mark Badenhorst PricewaterhouseCoopers Polenak Law Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers
USAID Business PricewaterhouseCoopers Tom Loesch Biljana Ickovska Richard Chakana
Environment Improvement Paul De Chalain Linklaters Law office Nikolovski 2PS Cargo Co.
Project
PricewaterhouseCoopers Nuria Martin Aleksandar Ickovski Marshal Chilenga
Sergey Oseledko Loyens & Loeff Law office Nikolovski
Thuso Green TF & Partners
Erkin Sakiev Procell Séverine Moca Nena Ivanovska Alan Chinula
Kanat Seidaliev Gerhard Gouws PricewaterhouseCoopers Judicial Reform
Implementation Project Stuart Forster
Grata Law Firm NedBank Ltd. Peter Moons
Loyens & Loeff Katerina Jordanova Jim Ghobede
Yulia Shapovalova Harley & Morris PricewaterhouseCoopers
USAID Business Lawyers Antevski
Mankhebe Makume Anne Murrath
Environment Improvement PricewaterhouseCoopers Kristijan Karapančevski Roseline Gramani
Project Lesotho Electricity Savjani & Co.
Company (Pty) Ltd Karapancevski Company
Elisabeth Omes
Anastasia Shloeva Aamir Rashid Jakhura
João Martins Bonn Schmitt Steichen, Dejan Knezović
Globalink Logistics Group Member of Lex Mundi Law Office Knezovic & Fargo Group of Companies
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Mirgul Smanalieva Associates Chimwemwe Kalua
Mathias Matshe Laurent Paquet
Law Firm "Partner" PricewaterhouseCoopers Emmanuel Koenig Golden & Law
Sheeran & Associates
Kalybek Sultanov PricewaterhouseCoopers Anthony Kamanga, SC
Kuena Mophethe Simon Paul
Avangard Style LTD Loyens & Loeff Mirjana Markovska Ministry of Justice
K.Mophethe Law Chambers
Rakhat Suyumkulov Markovska & Andrevski Dannie J. Kamwaza
Thabo Mpaka Paul Wurth S.A.
Mens Ltd. Engineering & Project Irena Mitkovska Kamwaza Design
Mpaka Chambers Partnership
Azim Usmanov Management Lawyers Antevski
Grata Law Firm Theodore Ntlatlapa Alfred Majamanda
Françoise Pfeiffer Goce Mojsoski
DNT Architects Mbendera & Nkhono
Alexander Vachtel Oostvogels Pfister Feyten PricewaterhouseCoopers
Malaika Ribeiro Associates
Sentyabr Stroi Ltd Dominique Robinet National Bank
PricewaterhouseCoopers Modecai Msisha
PricewaterhouseCoopers
L AO P DR Peter Sands Goran Nikolovski Nyirenda & Msisha Law
SDV (Pty) Ltd
Serge Saussoy Law office Nikolovski Offices
Kelly Bird PricewaterhouseCoopers
Ljupcho Nikolovski Misheck Msiska
Asian Development Bank Duduzile Seamatha
Sheeran & Associates
Jean-Luc Schaus Markovska & Andrevski PricewaterhouseCoopers
Sithong Chanthasouk Loyens & Loeff
Vesna Paunkoska Isaac Nsamala
DFDL Mekong Law Group Tiisetso Sello-Mafatle
Alex Schmitt
Sello - Mafatle Chambers Valentin Pepeljugoski Krishna Savjani
Lasonexay Chanthavong Bonn Schmitt Steichen,
Member of Lex Mundi Law Office Pepeljugoski Savjani & Co.
DFDL Mekong Law Group Lindiwe Sephomolo
Association of Lesotho Marleen Vandenput Sonja Peshevska Duncan Singano
Sounthorn Chanthavong Employers and Business
PricewaterhouseCoopers Law Office Pepeljugoski Savjani & Co.
DFDL Mekong Law Group
Phoka Thene Kristijan Polenak Don Whayo
Aristotle David Davide Visin
Sello - Mafatle Chambers Polenak Law Firm Knight Frank
DFDL Mekong Law Group PricewaterhouseCoopers
LU X E M B OU RG Tatjana Popovski Buloski
Chanthaly Douangvilay M AC E D ON IA , Polenak Law Office MALI
People’s Court of F OR M E R
Vientiane Capital Allen & Overy LLP Ljubica Ruben Traore Baba
Lara Aherne
Y U G O SL AV Mens Legis Law Firm TMS - Transit
Daodeuane Duangdara
Bonn Schmitt Steichen,
R E P U B L I C OF Manutention Services
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tatjana Siskovska SARL
Member of Lex Mundi Violeta Angelova Gerovska
Grant Follett Polenak Law Firm
Rene Beltjens IKRP Rokas & Partners Baya Berthé
DFDL Mekong Law Group Dejan Stojanoski
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zlatko Antevski Amadou Camara
Daniel Horngren Law Office Pepeljugoski
Denis Cantele Lawyers Antevski SCP Camara Traoré
Vasco Ltd. Dzuli Stojanova
Oostvogels Pfister Feyten Benita Beleskova Jonathan Darboux
Richard Irwin Mens Legis Cakmakova
Guy Castegnaro IKRP Rokas & Partners Advocates BCEAO
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Castegnaro Cabinet Goran Bonevski Suzana Stojkoska Fatima Diarra
Khamkhong Liemphrachan d’avocats, member of Ius Public Revenue Office Office Notarial Ahmadou
Laboris Markovska & Andrevski
Ministry of Justice Toure, Notaire a Bamako
Biljana Čakmakova Biljana Tofiloska
Ketsana Phommachanh Christel Dumont Mohamed Abdoulaye Diop
Mens Legis Cakmakova Lawyers Antevski
Ministry of Justice, Oostvogels Pfister Feyten Advocates SDV
Law Research and Thomas Ecker Slavica Trckova
International Cooperation Katerina Carceva Law Office Trckova Fatimatou Zahra Diop
Institute Ville de Luxembourg - PricewaterhouseCoopers BCEAO
Service de l’électricité Natasa Trifunoska
Empiria International
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 77
Jean Claude Gnamien Sergiu Dumitrasco M ON G OL IA Ashok Man Kapali Diallo Rayanatou Loutou
FIDAFRICA / PricewaterhouseCoopers Shangri-La Freight Pvt. Cabinet Loutou -
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tomas Balco Ltd. Architectes
Serghei Filatov PricewaterhouseCoopers
Hermann Gnango ACI Partners Purnachitra Pradhan Laouali Madougou
FIDAFRICA / Badarch Bayarmaa Karja Suchana Kendra Etude d’Avocats Marc Le
PricewaterhouseCoopers Feodosia Furculita Lynch & Mahoney Ltd(CIB) Bihan & Collaborateurs
Customs Service
Mamadou Ismaïla Konate Batzaya Bodikhuu Devendra Pradhan Boubacar Nouhou Maiga
Jurifis Consult Mali Roger Gladei Anand & Batzaya Pradhan & Associates E.N.G.E.
Gladei & Partners Advocates
Mamadou Maiga Madan Krishna Sharma Saadou Maiguizo
L’union des Caisses Silvia Grosu David Buxbaum CSC & Co. / Bureau d’Etudes
Mutuelles Depagne et des PricewaterhouseCoopers Anderson & Anderson PricewaterhouseCoopers Techniques d’Assistance
Crédits du Mali Roman Gutu et de Suirveillance en
Batbayar Byambaa Sudheer Shrestha Construction Civile
Evelyne M’Bassidgé Oxana Guţu GTS Advocates Kusum Law Firm
FIDAFRICA / Marie-Virginie Mamoudou
PricewaterhouseCoopers Valeriu Lazar Enkh-Amgalan Ramji Shrestha Chambre Nationale des
BIS Choidogdemid Pradhan & Associates Notaires du Niger
Adeline Messou Gobi Corporation
FIDAFRICA / Victor A. Levintsa Ram Chandra Subedi Aoula Mamoudou
PricewaterhouseCoopers Levintsa & Associates Khatanbat Dashdarjaa Supreme Court of Nepal, Ministère de l’Urbanisme,
Arlex Consulting Services Apex Law Chamber de l’Habitat et du
Malick Badara Sow Andrei Lopusneac
Delgermaa Anup Upreti Cadastre
Atelier d’Architecture et Union Fenosa
d’Urbanisme International Gobi Corporation Pioneer Law Associates Mamane Sani Manane
Cristina Martin Courtney Fowler Bureau d’Etudes Bala &
Salif Tall
PricewaterhouseCoopers
NIGER Himo
Etude de Me Toure ACI Partners
Damdinsuren Khand Aliou Amadou Evelyne M’Bassidgé
Dominique Taty Mihaela Mitroi
Tsets Law Firm S.C.P.A. Mandela FIDAFRICA /
FIDAFRICA / PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCoopers Marin Moraru Odmaa Khurelbold Karim Arzika
Conservation Foncière Adeline Messou
Ahmadou Toure PricewaterhouseCoopers Anderson & Anderson
FIDAFRICA /
Office Notarial Ahmadou Gleb Morozov Daniel Mahoney Mahamane Baba PricewaterhouseCoopers
Toure, Notaire a Bamako Lynch & Mahoney SDV
Alexandru Munteanu Yayé Mounkaïla
Madhou Traore Alain Blambert Cabinet d’Avocats
PricewaterhouseCoopers Leylim Mizamkhan
Centre National PricewaterhouseCoopers SDV Mounkaila-Niandou
de Promotion des Igor Odobescu
Investissements - CNPI ACI Partners Odonhuu Muuzee Moussa Coulibaly Ibrahim Mounouni
Tsets Law Firm Cabinet d’Avocats Souna- Bureau d’Etudes Bala &
Fousséni Traoré Ruslan Pirnevu Coulibaly Himo
FIDAFRICA / Quehenberger-Hellmann Bayartsetseg N.
PricewaterhouseCoopers SRL Chono Corporation Jonathan Darboux Mayaki Oumarou
BCEAO Dess Notarial
M OL D OVA Maria Popescu Enkhriimaa N.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tuushin Company Ltd. Aïssa Degbey Sahabi Oumarou
Dinu Armasu EcoBank Themis International
Nicolae Posturusu Zorigt N. Consultants
Foreign Investors Customs Service Tuushin Company Ltd. Fatimatou Zahra Diop
Association BCEAO Achimi M. Riliwanou
Silvia Radu Sarantsatsral Ochirpurev Etude de Maître Achimi
Maxim Banaga Bernard Duffros
Union Fenosa Urkh Company Riliwanou
PricewaterhouseCoopers International Société d’Exploitation des
Eduard Boian
Christian Packard Eaux du Niger Abdou Yacouba Saïdou
Ion Railean Anderson & Anderson Cabinet Aspau
PricewaterhouseCoopers Union of Employers in Jean Claude Gnamien
Vitaliy Nikolaevich Bulgac Building and Construction Uranbaatar S. FIDAFRICA / Mano Salaou
Materials Industry Arlex Consulting Services PricewaterhouseCoopers Cabinet d’Avocats Mano
Independent Consultant
Jocelyn Steiner Hermann Gnango Salaou
Victor Burac Mihai Roscovan
Business Consulting Lynch & Mahoney FIDAFRICA / Boubacar Salaou
Victor Burac Law Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers
Institute Odbaatar Sukhbaatar Etude de Maître Boubacar
Mihail Buruiana Salaou
Pavel Sarghi Anderson & Anderson Souley Hammi Illiassou
Buruiana & Partners Etude d’Avocats - Marc Le Daouda Samna
PricewaterhouseCoopers Tsogt Tsend
Victor Burunsus Bihan & Collaborateurs S.C.P.A. Mandela
Antonina Sevcenco Administrative Court of
The World Bank Capital City Diaouga Haoua Halilou Sani
Andrei Caciurenco Viorel Sirghi Etude de Maître Djibo Niger
BSMB Legal Counsellors Amangyeld Tuul Aïssatou
ACI Partners Credit Registry Abdou Moussa Sanoussi
Georghu Calugharu Tatiana Stavinschi Dodo Dan Gado Haoua E.N.G.E.
PricewaterhouseCoopers Arslaa Urjin Etude de Maître Dodo Dan
Union of Employers in Ulaanbaatar Electricity Dominique Taty
Building and Construction Serghei Toncu Gado Haoua
Distribution Network FIDAFRICA /
Materials Industry PricewaterhouseCoopers Company Issoufou Issa PricewaterhouseCoopers
Andrian Candu Nicolae Triboi Direction Générale des
Michelle Zorig Impôts Idrissa Tchernaka
PricewaterhouseCoopers National Energy Arlex Consulting Services
Legal Services Etude d’Avocats - Marc Le
Regulatory Agency Seybou Issifi Bihan & Collaborateurs
Octavian Cazac Alexander Turcan N E PA L Communauté Urbaine de
Niamey Fousséni Traoré
Turcan & Turcan Turcan & Turcan Anil Chandra Adhikari FIDAFRICA /
Svetlana Ceban Bernar-Oliver Kouaovi PricewaterhouseCoopers
Evgeniy Untilo Credit Information Bureau
PricewaterhouseCoopers Cabinet Kouaovi
Union of Employers in Ajay Ghimire Hamadou Yacouba
Vitalie Ciofu Building and Construction Fati Kountche-Adji Etude de Maître Djibo
Materials Industry Apex Law Chamber
Gladei & Partners Cabinet Fati Kountche Aïssatou
Irina Verhovetchi Jagat B. Khadka
Bogdan Ciubotaru Fatouma Lanto
ACI Partners Shangri-La Freight Pvt.
Turcan &Turcan Ltd. Etude d’Avocats Marc Le
Daniela Zaharia Bihan et Collaborateurs
Aureliu Anatol Colenco LD Mahat
Commercial Court ACI Partners Marc Le Bihan
CSC & Co. /
Marina Zanoga PricewaterhouseCoopers Etude d’Avocats Marc Le
Alla Cotos Bihan & Collaborateurs
PricewaterhouseCoopers Turcan & Turcan
78 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
PA R AG UAY Pierre Célestin Bumbakare Harrison Solicitors Branislav Živković Clare Moger
Rwanda Revenue Jovana Ilić Zivkovic & Samardzic Law PricewaterhouseCoopers
Perla Alderete Authority Office
Vouga & Olmedo Abogados PricewaterhouseCoopers Zuzana Wallova
José Habimana
Anna Jankov
Miloš Živković National Bank
Hugo T. Berkemeyer Umwlimu Sacco Živković & Samardžić Law
Berkemeyer, Attorneys & PricewaterhouseCoopers office Michal Zeman
Counselors Jean Havugimana
Nikola Janković Čechová & Partners,
Rwanda Revenue SL OVA K IA member of Lex Mundi
Luis Alberto Breuer Authority Law Offices Janković,
Berkemeyer, Attorneys & Popović & Mitić Dagmar Zukalová
Suzanne Iyakaremye Zuzana Amrichova Zukalová Counselors-at-
Counselors Martina Jović PricewaterhouseCoopers.
SDV Law
Esteban Burt PricewaterhouseCoopers
Project Kaburege Martina Behuliaková
Peroni, Sosa, Tellechea, Mirko Kevac Geodesy, Cartography and S WA Z I L A N D
Burt & Narvaja, member of Cabinet d’Avocat Kaburege
PricewaterhouseCoopers Cadastre Authority of the
Lex Mundi Annie Kairaba-Kyambadde Slovak Republic Vincent Galeromeloe
Dubravka Kosić TransUnion ITC
María Debattisti Rwanda Initiative for
Sustainable Development / Law Office Kosic Vladimir Beles
Servimex SACI PricewaterhouseCoopers Tina Phumlile Khoza
LandNet Marija Kostić Municipal Council of
Lorena Dolsa Law Offices Janković,
Marcellin Kamanzi Radmila Benkova Manzini
Berkemeyer, Attorneys & Popović & Mitić PricewaterhouseCoopers
Counselors Robert Kamugisha Paul Lewis
Ministry of Justice Ivan Krsikapa Todd Bradshaw PricewaterhouseCoopers
Blas Dos Santos Ninković Law Office PricewaterhouseCoopers
Ferrere Attorneys Angélique Kantengwa Andrew Linsey
National Bank Aleksandar Mančev Ján Budinský PricewaterhouseCoopers
Estefanía Elicetche Prica & Partners Law Slovak Credit Bureau, s.r.o.
Peroni, Sosa, Tellechea, Theophile Kazaneza Office C.J. Littler
Burt & Narvaja, member of Kigali Bar Association Kristina Cermakova C.J. Littler & Co.
Lex Mundi Aleksandar Miljković Peterka & Partners
Rodolphe Kembukuswa PricewaterhouseCoopers Jerome Ndzimandze
Jorge Figueredo SDV Elena Chorvátová Speed Limit Construction
Vouga & Olmedo Abogados Dimitrije Nikolić Peterka & Partners
Narasimha Kollegal Cargo T. Weiss José Rodrigues
Néstor Gamarra World Freight s.a.r.l. Zuzana Dragúnová-Valerová Rodrigues & Associates
Servimex SACI Djurdje Ninković PricewaterhouseCoopers
Isaïe Mhayimana Ninković Law Office P.M. Shilubane
Ilse Gonzalez Cabinet d’Avocats Viera Gregorova P.M. Shilubane &
Ilse Gonzalez & Asoc Mhayimana Darija Ognjenović Peterka & Partners Associates
Prica & Partners Law
Larisa Guillén Minette Mutoni Office Simona Halakova Mahene Thwala
PricewaterhouseCoopers Barreau de Kigali Čechová & Partners, Thlwawa Attorneys
Igor Oljačić member of Lex Mundi
Jorge Jimenez Rey Pothin Muvara Law Office Kosic Bradford Mark Walker
Banco Central Andrea Jezerska Brad Walker Architects
David Ngaracu Vladimir Perić Čechová & Partners,
Nestor Loizaga World Freight s.a.r.l. Prica & Partners Law member of Lex Mundi SWITZERLAND
Ferrere Attorneys Office
Athanase Rutabingwa Tomas Jucha
Carmela Martínez Kigali Allied Advocates Snežana Pešić Peter R. Altenburger
PricewaterhouseCoopers Altenburger
PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers
Vincent Shyirambere Michaela Jurková
María Esmeralda Moreno Office of the Registrar of Mihajlo Prica Rashid Bahar
Čechová & Partners, Bär & Karrer AG
Moreno Ruffinelli & Land Titles Prica & Partners Law member of Lex Mundi
Asociados Office Beat M. Barthold
André Verbruggen Soňa Lehocká
Roberto Moreno Rodríguez Marko Repić Froriep Renggli
Alianciaadvokátov ak,
Alcalá SE R B IA Law Office Kosic s.r.o. Marc Bernheim
Moreno Ruffinelli &
Asociados Rade Bačković Vladimir Savić Katarina Leitmannová Staiger Schwald & Partner
Association of Serbian CPI Investement Geodesy, Cartography and Bernhard G. Burkard
Hector Palazon
Banks Cadastre Authority Notariat Bernhard
Ferrere Attorneys Nenad Stanković
Rene Bijvoet Joksovic, Stojanovic and Marek Lovas Burkard
Rocío Penayo Partners
PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers Mauro Cavadini
Moreno Ruffinelli &
Asociados Bojana Bogojević Ana Stanković Michal Luknár Brunoni Molino Mottis
Moravčevic, Vojnović Adami
Yolanda Pereira PricewaterhouseCoopers Squire Sanders s.r.o.
& Zdravković o.a.d. u Robert P. Desax
Berkemeyer, Attorneys & Marija Bojović saradnji sa Schönherr Přemysl Marek
Counselors PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCooper Peterka & Partners
Petar Stojanović Cyrill Diem
Armindo Riquelme Nataša Cvetićanin Joksovic, Stojanovic and Tomáš Maretta
Fiorio, Cardozo & Law Offices Janković, Partners Čechová & Partners, Suzanne Eckert
Alvarado Popović & Mitić member of Lex Mundi Wenger Plattner
Jovana Stojanović
Belen Saldivar Romañach Aleksandar Dimitrov PricewaterhouseCoopers Viktor Mišík Olivier Hari
Ferrere Attorneys Prica & Partners Law Dedák & Partners Schellenberg Wittmer
Office Zoran Teodosijević
Angela Schaerer de Sosa Law Offices Janković, Panalpina Welttransport Jakob Hoehn
Escribana Pública Jelena Djokić Popović & Mitić GmbH Pestalozzi Lachenal Patry,
Ruben Taboada PricewaterhouseCoopers Zora Puškáčová member of Lex Mundi
Jovana Tomašević
PricewaterhouseCoopers Uroš Djordjević Živković & Samardžić Law Zukalová Counselors-at- Ueli Huber
Zivkovic & Samardzic Law Office Law Homburger
RWA N DA Office Peter Rozbora
Clare Vernon David Hürlimann
Banque Commerciale du Jelena Edelman PricewaterhouseCoopers Čechová & Partners, CMS von Erlach Henrici
Rwanda Prica & Partners Law member of Lex Mundi AG
Office Miloš Vulić
Emmanuel Abijuru Prica & Partners Law Gerta Sámelová-Flassiková Vincent Jeanneret
Université Libre de Kigali Olga Serb Gretić Office Alianciaadvokátov ak, Schellenberg Wittmer
Ninković Law Office s.r.o.
Alberto Basomingera Relja Zdravković Hanspeter Klaey
Cabinet d’Avocats Oliver Haussmann Moravčevic, Vojnović Peter Varga
Procházka Randl Kubr, Wassilos Lytras
Mhayimana Moravčevic, Vojnović & Zdravković o.a.d. u
& Zdravković o.a.d. u member of Ius Laboris & APM Global Logistics
saradnji sa Schönherr Switzerland Ltd.
saradnji sa Schönherr Lex Mundi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 79
Christian P. Meister U G A N DA Alex Rezida Laziza Rakhimova Edgar Hamuwele
Niederer Kraft & Frey Nangwala, Rezida & Co. Grata Law Firm Grant Thornton
Joachim Alinaitwe Advocates
Valerie Meyer Shonubi, Musoke & Co. Valeria Samborskaya Grant Henderson
Niederer Kraft & Frey Advocates Kenneth Rutaremwa National Centre of Chibesakunda & Co./ DLA
Kateera & Kagumire Geodesy & Cartography Piper
Andrea Molino Joseph Baliddawa Advocates
Brunoni Molino Mottis PricewaterhouseCoopers Alexander Samborsky Andrew Howard
Adami Ali Sengendo National Centre of Sharpe Howard & Mwenye
Walugembe Christopher Mwebe, Sebaggala & Co. Geodesy & Cartography
Georg Naegeli MMAKS Advocates Jacqueline Jhata
Homburger Stephen Serunjogi Sofiya Shaikhraziyeva Corpus Globe Advocates
Frederick M.S Egonda-Ntende Kateera & Kagumire Grata Law Firm
Gema Olivar High Court Advocates Chance Kaonga
Elena Sampedro
Nizomiddin Shakhabutdinov National Council for
Moses Jurua Adriko Alan Shonubi Law Firm Leges Advokat Construction
Schellenberg Wittmer MMAKS Advocates Shonubi, Musoke & Co.
Advocates Alisher Shaykhov Harriet Kapampa Kapekele
Daniel Schmitz Francis Kamulegeya Chamber of Commerce and Corpus Globe Advocates
PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers Manish Siyani Industry
Seyani Brothers & Co. (U) Calvin Kasanda
Daniel Steudler John Fisher Kanyemibwa Ltd Alishev Shurkurlaev Ministry of Commerce,
Swisstopo, Directorate for Kateera & Kagumire Berad Group Co. Trade and Industry
Cadastral Surveying Advocates Parbat Siyani
Seyani Brothers & Co. (U) Petros Tsakanyan Mutale Kasonde
Barbara Stöckli-Klaus Phillip Karugaba Ltd Azizov & Partners
Froriep Renggli MMAKS Advocates
Pixie Kasonde-Yangailo
Sebadduka Swaibu Ihtiyorjon Turaboyev P.H. Yangailo & Co.
Andrin Waldburger Edwin Karugire Shaba Motors Ltd. IFC
PricewaterhouseCoopers Kiwanuka & Karugire
Chipepo Kasumpa
Advocates Godfrey Zziwa Rafael Valyulin Zambia Business Forum
ZEK Switzerland
Muwanguzi, Zziwa & Musisi General Motors Anila Kuntawala
Jim Kasigwa Advocates
TAJ I K I STA N PricewaterhouseCoopers Celtic Freight
Z A M B IA
Bakhtiyor Abdulhamidov Vincent Katutsi U Z B E K I S TA N Yogesh Kuntawala
Shaira Adamali Celtic Freight
Akhmedov, Azizov & Kateera & Kagumire
Abdulhamidov Attorneys Jakhongir Abdurazaqov PricewaterhouseCoopers
Advocates Kim Leneveu
Avent Advocat Peter Armond
Ardak Aiyekeyeva Peter Kauma AGS Frasers
PricewaterhouseCoopers Rimat Achmedshin Credit Reference Bureau
Kiwanuka & Karugire Africa Limited Walusiku Lisulo
Advocates Fides
Shavkat Akhmedov Lisulo + Bwalya
Mels Akhmedov Candice Arnold
Akhmedov, Azizov & Sophie Kayemba Alexander Lwatula
Abdulhamidov Attorneys BAS Global Logistics
PricewaterhouseCoopers Barclays Bank
Dilshod Alimov Dildar M. Alimbekova Jim Barnhart
Robert Kiggundu Clyde Mbazima
USAID/BEI, Pragma Business Women’s USAID
Arch Forum Ltd. Chibesakunda & Co./ DLA
Corporation Association of Uzbekistan Deborah Bwalya
Geoffrey Kiryabwire Piper
Abdulbori Baybayev Umid Aripdjanov Corpus Globe Advocates
Justice Bonaventure Mbewe
Lex Law Firm Grata Law Firm Chewe K. Bwalya
Kiryowa Kiwanuka Barclays Bank
Faridun Boboev Nelly Djurabaeva D.H. Kemp & Co.
Kiwanuka & Karugire Jyoti Mistry
Golden Lion Group Advocates M&M Anthony Bwembya PricewaterhouseCoopers
Companies Khalid Farooq PACRO
Robert Komakec Mwape Mondoloka
Sergey Chetverikov Arch Forum Ltd. Globalink Logistics Group Felix Chabala Barclays Bank
PricewaterhouseCoopers Irina Gosteva Environmental Council of
Eeshi Kutugu Priscilla Moyo
Adkham Ergashev Denton Wilde Sapte Zambia
PricewaterhouseCoopers Global Logistics
IFC Nail Hassanov Bonaventure Chibamba
James Kyazze Mutale Barnaby B. Mulenga
Courtney Fowler Shonubi, Musoke & Co. Law Firm Leges Advokat
Ellis & Co. Ministry of Land
PricewaterhouseCoopers Advocates Rustam Ikramov
Mwelwa Chibesakunda Chipo Munkombwe
Elena Kaeva Joseph Luswata Himoya Law Office
Chibesakunda & Co./ DLA PricewaterhouseCoopers
PricewaterhouseCoopers Sebalu & Lule Advocates Mansurkhon Kamalov Piper
Abdulkhamid Muminov and Legal Consultants Foreign Enterprise of
Henry Musonda
Huawei Tech Investment of Elias Chipimo Kiran & Musonda
PricewaterhouseCoopers Robinah Lutaaya Associates
Tashkent Corpus Globe Advocates
Mizrobiddin Nugmanov PricewaterhouseCoopers
Mouborak Kambarova Steven Chisenga Makungo Muyembe
Globalink Logistics Group Ben Luwum Ministry of Labor
Denton Wilde Sapte Corpus Globe Advocates
Madina Nurmatova BVL & Co.
Babur Karimov Emmanuel Chulu Teddie Mwale
Tajikistan BEE - SME Policy John Mpambala ZESCO Ltd
Project Grata Law Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers
Kampala City Council
Khurshid Kasimdzhanov David Doyle Francis Mwape
Zarina Odinaeva Paul Frobisher Mugambwa
M&M Logistics Manica Ltd National Council for
IFC PricewaterhouseCoopers Construction
Manuchehr Rakhmonov Nurali Eshibaevich Arshad A Dudhia
Simon Muhumuza Shupi Mweene
USAID/BEI, Pragma Corp Khalmuratov Musa Dudhia
Kampala City Council Ministry of Commerce,
Central Bank Robin Durairajah
Nurali Shukurov Cornelius Mukiibi Trade and Industry
USAID/BEI, Pragma Corp Zafar Khashimov Chibesakunda & Co./ DLA
C. Mukiibi Sentamu & Co. Piper Marjorie Grace Mwenda
Anglesey Food
Djasurbek Teshaev Fatuma Nabulime M.G. Johnson-Mwenda
Arif Nasibov Karl Frick & Co.
Golden Lion Group SDV Transami Ltd.
Companies IFC SDV
Plaxeda Namirimu Kanti Patel
Victoria Victorova Vera Ni Allan Garraway Christopher, Russell Cook
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zambia Customs and
IFC Anglesey Food & Co.
Rachel Nansikombi Forwarding Agents
Wendy Jo Werner Malika Norova Association Solly Patel
PricewaterhouseCoopers
IFC Grata Law Firm Christopher, Russell Cook
Diana Ninsiima Passmore Hamukoma & Co.
MMAKS Advocates Vsevolod Payevskiy Zambia Business Forum
IFC Aleksandar Perunicic
James Harley SDV
PricewaterhouseCoopers PricewaterhouseCoopers
80 DOING BUSINESS IN LANDLOCKED ECONOMIES 2009
Miriam Sabi
ZRA- Customer Service
Center
Mabvuto Sakala
Corpus Globe Advocates
Valerie Sesia
Customized Clearing And
Forwarding Ltd.
Nicole Sharpe-Phiri
Sharpe Howard & Mwenye
Kim Shelsby
Zambia Threshold Project
Kayula Siame
Ministry of Commerce,
Trade and Industry
Jason Villar
USAID
Albert M. Wood
Albert M Wood & Co.
Z I M BA BW E
Gulshen Afridi
SDV
Mark Badenhorst
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Richard Beattie
The Stone/ Beattie Studio
Innocent Chagonda
Atherstone & Cook
Paul De Chalain
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Beloved Dhlakama
Byron Venturas & Partners
Harry Kantor
Kantor & Immerman
Peter Lloyd
Gill, Godlonton & Gerrans
Manuel Lopes
PricewaterhouseCoopers
João Martins
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Jim McComish
Pearce McComish
Architects
Sternford Moyo
Scanlen & Holderness
Ostern Mutero
Sawyer & Mkushi
Vanani Nyangulu
V.S. Nyangulu & Associates
Malaika Ribeiro
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Unity Sakhe
Kantor & Immerman
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 81
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