Dr.R.Vasuki Associate Professor & Head Department of Physics Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai-625015
Dr.R.Vasuki Associate Professor & Head Department of Physics Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai-625015
Vasuki
Associate professor & Head
Department of Physics
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai-625015
Science of sound that deals with origin,
propagation and auditory sensation of sound.
Sound production
Propagation by human beings/machines
Reception
T=k V/A
T= 0.161 V/A
T= 0.161 V/ ( a1S1+a2S2+a3S3+….+anSn)
a1, a2, a3…= absorption coefficients of various materials
S1, S2, S3..= Respective surface area of the materials
The sound from the source should be of adequate
intensity.
The sound should spread evenly and heard loud in any
part of the hall.
The sound of speech or music should be clear and
words or musical notes must be distinctly audible.
Any undesired or extraneous noise must be reduced so
that it will not interfere with normal hearing of speech.
The structure of the wall, ceiling and floor should be
designed for uniform focusing of sound through the
entire hall.
The optional level of reverberation and echo should be
measured and considered during the design of the hall.
Proper site selection (Airport, rail track,
industry…)
Volume of the hall (Concert hall 4-5.5 m3,
Theatre 4-5 m3, Public meeting 3.5- 4.5 m3)
Shape of the hall ( Curved surfaces-
convex/concave, parallel walls –splayed side
walls)
Use of absorbers ( false ceiling, floor carpet,
drilled fiber boards on side walls, perforated
panels.…)
Reverberation( not too short or too large, check
total absorption coefficient of the wall)
Seating arrangement
Echelon effect –reflection of sound from floor or
stairs due to poor finishing-structural effects
Ultrasonics deals with sound waves having frequency
beyond audible range
Properties of Ultrasonic waves:
Highly energetic, Freq >20,000 Hz ,Intensity 10
KW/m-2, ,
Exhibit negligible diffraction effect due to smaller λ.
Can be transmitted over long distances with min
energy loss.
Produce alternate compression and rarefaction like
sound waves
Can propagate through liquid and gaseous medium
Velocity of US waves increases with increase in
frequency. v= nλ
When absorbed by a medium produce heating effect.
US waves produce cavitations in liquids
Magnetostriction oscillator
Principle: magnetostriction effect
Principle: Inverse piezo electric effect
Diagrams: Piezo electric effect
Sensitive flame method
Thermal detector method
Quartz crystal method
Acoustic grating method
Diagnostic sonography
Ultrasound cardiograph
Obstetric ultrasound
Ultrasound therapeutic
Ultrasonic guidance for blind