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Plastics - Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials - Part 4: Determination of Moulding Shrinkage (ISO 294-4:2001)
Plastics - Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of Thermoplastic Materials - Part 4: Determination of Moulding Shrinkage (ISO 294-4:2001)
© NSAI 2003 No copying without NSAI permission except as permitted by copyright law.
EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011
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The National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) produces the following categories of formal
documents:
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ICS number:
This document was published 83.080.20
under the authority of the NSAI
and comes into effect on:
16 May, 2003
ICS 83.080.20
English version
Version Française
Deutsche Fassung
This corrigendum becomes effective on 15 June 2011 for incorporation in the three official language
versions of the EN.
Ce corrigendum prendra effet le 15 juin 2011 pour incorporation dans les trois versions linguistiques
officielles de la EN.
Die Berichtigung tritt am 15.Juni 2011 zur Einarbeitung in die drei offiziellen Sprachfassungen der EN
in Kraft.
© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.
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von CEN vorbehalten.
Ref. No.:EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011 D/E/F
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
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2
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61
"Plastics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by
NBN.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 294-4:2001/Cor 1:2007 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 294-4:2003/AC:2011 without
any modification.
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3
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I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
Published 2007-11-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Part 4:
Determination of moulding shrinkage
TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1
RECTIFICATIF TECHNIQUE 1
Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO 294-4:2001 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics,
Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic materials.
Page 1, Clause 2
For the second of the normative references (ISO 294-3), insert the year of publication (2002) and delete the
footnote.
In addition, insert the year of publication throughout the document where appropriate.
In the fourth paragraph, change “parts 1 to 3 of this International Standard” to “parts 1 and 3 of this
International Standard”.
Published in Switzerland
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
ISO 294-4:2001/Cor.1:2007(E)
–∆x ≈ 4h2/3x
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English version
Plastiques - Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de Kunststoffe - Spritzgießen von Probekörpern aus
matériaux thermoplastiques - Partie 4: Détermination du Thermoplasten - Teil 4: Bestimmung der
retrait au moulage (ISO 294-4:2001) Verarbeitungsschwindung (ISO 294-4:2001)
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 294-4:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
EN ISO 294-4:2003 (E)
CORRECTED 2003-03-19
Foreword
The text of ISO 294-4:2001 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics" of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
294-4:2003 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by
IBN.
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This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2003, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2003.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 294-4:2001 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 294-4:2003 without any
modifications.
2
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
EN ISO 294-4:2003 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
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NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated
by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
ISO 294-1 1996 Plastics - Injection moulding of test EN ISO 294-1 1998
specimens of thermoplastic materials -
Part 1: General principles, and moulding
of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 294-3 1996 Plastics - Injection moulding of test EN ISO 294-3 1998
specimens of thermoplastic materials -
Part 3: Small plates
3
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 294-4
Second edition
2001-12-15
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Reference number
ISO 294-4:2001(E)
© ISO 2001
I.S. EN ISO 294-4:2003
ISO 294-4:2001(E)
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© ISO 2001
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's
member body in the country of the requester.
Printed in Switzerland
Contents Page
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 2
4 Apparatus ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
5 Procedure ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Expression of results ........................................................................................................................................ 6
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7 Precision ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
8 Test report ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Annex
A Reference points for length and width measurement........................................................................................ 8
Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
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Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 294 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 294-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9,
Thermoplastic materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 294-4:1997), which has been technically revised.
ISO 294 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of
thermoplastic materials:
— Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
— Part 2: Small tensile bars
— Part 3: Small plates
— Part 4: Determination of moulding shrinkage
— Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
Introduction
See ISO 294-1.
In the injection moulding of thermoplastics, the difference between the dimensions of the mould cavity and those of
the moulded articles produced from it may vary with the design and operation of the mould. Such differences may
depend on the size of the injection-moulding machine, the shape and dimensions of mouldings including any
restrictive action this may have on the shrinkage, the degree and direction of flow or movement of the material in the
mould, the sizes of the nozzle, sprue, runner and gate, the cycle on which the machine is operated, the temperature
of the melt and the mould, and the magnitude and duration of the hold pressure. Moulding and post-moulding
shrinkage are caused by crystallization, volume relaxation and orientation relaxation of the material and by thermal
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contraction of both the thermoplastic material and the mould. Post-moulding shrinkage may also be influenced by
humidity uptake.
The measurement of moulding and post-moulding shrinkage is useful in making comparisons between
thermoplastics and in checking uniformity of manufacture.
The method is not intended as a source of data for design calculations of components. Information on the typical
behaviour of a material can be obtained, however, by carrying out measurements at different melt and mould
temperatures, injection velocities and hold pressures, as well as at different values of other injection-moulding
parameters. The information thus obtained is important in establishing the suitability of the moulding material for the
production of moulded articles with accurate dimensions.
1 Scope
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This part of ISO 294 specifies a method of determining the moulding shrinkage and post-moulding shrinkage of
injection-moulded test specimens of thermoplastic material in the directions parallel to and normal to the direction of
melt flow.
Moulding shrinkage as defined in this part of ISO 294 excludes the effects of humidity uptake. This is included in
post-moulding shrinkage and thus in total shrinkage. For cases when post-moulding shrinkage is caused by the
uptake of humidity only, see ISO 175 [1].
Moulding shrinkage as defined in this part of ISO 294 represents the so-called free shrinkage with unrestricted
deformation of the cooling plates in the mould during the hold period. It may be considered therefore as the maximum
value of any restricted shrinkage.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 294. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do
not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 294 are encouraged to investigate the possibility
of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest
edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 294-1:1996, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
ISO 294-3:—1), Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small plates