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Evaluation on corporate social responsibility issues in the view of hotel

business in CALABARZON region, Philippines

Article  in  International Journal of Research Studies in Education · July 2020

DOI: 10.5861/ijrse.2020.5818

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 International Journal of Research Studies in Education
2020 Volume 9 Number 5, 41-51

Evaluation on corporate social responsibility issues in the

view of hotel business in CALABARZON region,
Philippines

Borbon, Noelah Mae D.

Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas, Philippines ([email protected]) ISSN: 2243-7703
Online ISSN: 2243-7711

Received: 25 May 2020 Revised: 15 June 2020 Accepted: 26 June 2020 OPEN ACCESS
Available Online: 14 July 2020 DOI: 10.5861/ijrse.2020.5818

Abstract

The CALABARZON region is naturally gifted with natural, cultural and historical advantage
in hospitality since of the friendliness of its people and its natural wonders that are yet to be
fully harnessed. Being one of the most hospitable and naturally welcoming when it comes to
accommodation, the region ensures every tourist to be accommodated. It is evident in any
hotel establishment where most of the hotel products are costly the guest is experience
satisfaction whenever they were accommodated by the hotel employees who are influential
and has a good customer service. This is being developed through participating hotel’s
Corporate Social Responsibility. The study aims to evaluate the issues with regards to
corporate social responsibility of various accredited Hotel establishment in CALABARZON
region. The researcher in this study used the descriptive research method. Upon the data
gathering, a total of one hundred thirty (130) respondents from the forty-five (45) hotel
establishment were collected. The research found out that climate change and population
growth is the most common problems encountered as economic issue in the corporate social
responsibility implementation of the hotels. It implies that classification of the
accommodation establishment is not a factor that determines the level of problems
encountered in political, economic and social aspects.

Keywords: CSR; economic issues; hotel industry; political issues; social issues

© The Author(s) / Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs CC BY-NC-ND

Borbon, N. M. D.

Evaluation on corporate social responsibility issues in the view of hotel business in

CALABARZON region, Philippines

1. Introduction

Over the last decades, tourism, specifically under accommodation management, is being aggressively
damaged by variety of challenges. To name a few, there are war and terrorism attacks around the globe, recession
as a result of economic crises, political dynasty and social problems. Each of these, and their consequences on
the economic growth of the hotel chains. Furthermore, Gallego and Li (2016) confirm that there is a necessity to
comprehend and have a deeper study with regards to these problems encountered by the hotel establishment so
that these problems will be resolved.

There is a challenge for hotels and, in fact, all companies wanting to conduct corporate social responsibility
measures, lies in the measurement of corporate social responsibility performance. This includes the measurement
of secretions, garbage, supply usage, work-related and client’s well-being and security, anti-competitive
performance and non-discrimination, amongst others (Yadava & Sinha, 2016). Once the corporate social
responsibility activity has started, the objective is transformed into the acquisition of new portions of the market:
the hotel managers shall be efficient in deciding to maximize all the available resources may it be internal
resources from the manpower, materials and money, or external resources from getting sponsorship and
partnership with other corporation. The ratio economic of the aggregations and exploits itching of economies of
scale in the production of value added. The expected effect is to rebalance the debit positions of the individual
hotel businesses (Milone, Toccoli, & Zappia, 2015).

In this generation, still, violence partakes an undesirable effect on tourism however its effect is being
lessened as compared to governance (Yap & Saha, 2013). Though, there are still people who tend to travel, and
check in to hotel and resorts amidst of the terrorism. Experience of veteran hotel managers reveals that the
sustainable program implementation can be challenging on the part of any hospitality businesses most
specifically the small enterprises like resorts and inns, but there are still coping up to these challenges by
applying the cluster approach that can deliver a stronger track to sustainability whereas it also contributing
support and proper funding on resources and cost (McLennan, Becken, & Watt, 2013).

The study aims to answer the following objectives: present the profile of the hotel industry in
CALABARZON in terms of: classification of the accommodation; location accessibility; and number of years of
operations; identify the issue by the accommodation establishment in their compliance to corporate social
responsibility in terms of: political issues; economic issues; and social Issues. Furthermore, the study will test the
significant difference on the CSR issue with regards to corporate social responsibility when grouped according to
the hotel profile. Based on the results, this study will recommend action plan for continuous improvement for
hotel industry.

2. Methodology

2.1 Research Design

The researcher in this study used the descriptive research method. Ritchie (2013) believe with the use of
descriptive method, the researcher needs to be observant into a larger crowd and there is a necessity to include
variables to the conclusion. The researcher by using descriptive research can effectively design a pre-structured
questionnaire with both open ended and closed ended questions. In this study, researcher used a triangulation
which concentrate on the issues in CSR of the hotel industry in CALABARZON. Moreover, the researcher

42 Consortia Academia Publishing (A partner of Network of Professional Researchers and Educators)

 Evaluation on CSR issues in the view of hotel business in CALABARZON region, Philippines
utilized a self-made survey questionnaire, interview and observation and focus group discussion.

2.2 Participants of the study

The respondents of the study are the employees of the Department of Tourism (DOT) accredited hotel
industry. The researcher emailed the DOT regional director to have the updated list of accredited hotel, resorts
and tourist’s inn in CALABARZON region. Appendix C contains the update list of the respondent. Out of
seventy-six (76) hotel, resort, tourist inn and hotel-resort, 45 or 59.2% participated in the study. Selected
Employees who are working in the establishment answered the questionnaire and the manager and supervisor
was interviewed while those employees who answered the questionnaires participated the focus group discussion.
Upon the data gathering, a total of one hundred thirty (130) respondents from the forty-five (45) hotel
establishment were collected. Referring to Table 1 presents the profile of the hotel establishment. Half of the
respondents are classified as hotel with the frequency of 65. This data also implies that this study has recorded
greater hotels that are in Batangas which may exist for almost 6 years. CALABARZON region is well-known to
be a region full of cultural and natural attraction, where a lot of hotel and resort is being enjoyed by tourist
locally and internationally.

Table 1
Respondent’s demographic profile
Classification of the hotel establishment n %
Hotel 65 50.0
Resort 48 36.9
Tourist Inn 17 13.1
Location accessibility
Cavite 35 26.9
Laguna 9 6.9
Batangas 65 50.0
Rizal 10 7.7
Quezon 11 8.5
No. of years of operations
5 years 23 17.7
6 – 10 years 48 36.9
11 – 15 years 24 18.5
16- 20 years 28 21.5
21 years and above 7 5.4

2.3 Instruments of the study

The instrument used was self-made questionnaires which are clustered into two parts. First part was the
profiling of the respondents to determine classification of the accommodation; location accessibility; number of
employees; number of years of operations: and estimated annual hotel guest. The second part is assessing the
issues in CSR of the accredited hotel establishment in CALABARZON. The self-made questionnaire was
derived from different researches and CSR output which undergone a reliability test to check the validity and
reliability. The reliability test was answered by those non accredited and expert faculty from the College of
International Tourism Hospitality Management. The result of reliability statistics showed that it obtained a
Cronbach’s alpha value of .898 which signifies good in the rule of thumb. Thus, this set of questionnaires is
considered valid for use.

2.4 Data gathering procedures

After the approval of the proposed topic by Dissertation Writing Professor and the Program Chair for PhD
IHM, the researcher administered the questionnaire to the target respondents. With the use of the official website
for each hotel establishment and its Facebook account, the researcher was able send a request letter indicating

International Journal of Research Studies in Education 43

Borbon, N. M. D.
the intent to conduct the survey. There are some hotels who responded positively to answer the questionnaires
through an online google form, and some of the hotels refused to answer in compliance of their data privacy
policy, some were just so busy of the operation since it was summer-peak season however, there hotel that has no
response at all and not interested to be part of the study. The researcher visited the hotel establishments to
conduct the actual administration of survey and within the given span of time, the researcher set an interview for
those managers who are willing to be interviewed and focus group discussion with the hotel employees.

2.5 Data analysis

Personal encoding was successfully done after gathering all the data and SPSS was used to interpret and
analyzed the data gathered. This study used frequency distribution, percentage and weighted mean as statistical
tools for the first part of the questionnaire, presenting the profile of the respondents. The use of the weighted
mean was applicable to determining the issue in CSR of the hotel establishment while ANOVA was used to test
the significant difference

3. Results and discussions

Table 2
Corporate social responsibility in terms of political issues
Political issues WM VI R
There are no NGO/LGU supporting the hotel’s CSR initiatives 2.72 O 1.5
There are lack of appropriate revenue transparency and corporate and government 2.72 O 1.5
accountability
There are different negative views on the effectiveness of regulatory and voluntary 2.57 O 3
mechanisms of the hotel and LGU.
Corporate giving has changed into a more political activity as companies have increasingly 2.49 S 4
taken on responsibilities traditionally left to governments
The politicians have controlled over CSR of the Hotel 2.29 S 5
Composite Mean 2.56 O
Note. Scale: 3.50-4.00: Always (A); 2.50-3.49: Often (O); 1.50-2.49: Sometimes (S); 1.00-1.49: Never (N).

Table 2 presents the political issues in CSR which has the computed composite mean score of 2.56 implies
that the hotel has fewer difficulties in CSR in terms of political issue. First in the rank is having support coming
from the national and local government units (2.72). Local government units in CALABARZON are supporting
the CSR initiatives of the hotel industry. This was been confirm by one of the hotels whose recent commenced
CSR activity was concert for a cause. This concert was assisted and fully supported by government through
giving assistance to its safety and personally participated by attending the said concert. On the bigger scale,
national government units supporting the CSR are evidently seen in one of the resorts who were largely damaged
by the recent Haiyan typhoon. The national government helps out by giving donation to rehabilitated most
especially the damaged infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Government officials coming from different
countries ordain regulations that would create motivation for hotel establishments by creating subsidies (Punitha
& Rasdi, 2013). With this financial support hotel establishment would be more encouraged to create and
participate in more CSR initiatives in improving quality of life.

Likewise, According to Tingchi Liu, Anthony Wong, Shi, Chu, and Brock (2014) government initiative and
support are the primary driver in the CSR activity relating to environment. There should be a desire to initiate
coming from the national leaders down to private businesses. This is important factor to solve the emerging
political issue having no support of government units to CSR.

Lack of corporate and government accountability for revenue transparency (2.72). Traditionally, the
financial transparency’s interest was being studied and have been topic from recent researches since it is one of
the important issues politically (Vallespín, 2016). These has been the focus of the local and national government
units prioritizing to be transparent in all aspect. However, According to Carlitz (2013) there is really no specific

44 Consortia Academia Publishing (A partner of Network of Professional Researchers and Educators)

 Evaluation on CSR issues in the view of hotel business in CALABARZON region, Philippines
ingredient to obtain success in achieving government accountability and transparency. This is a political issue for
a hotel establishment since one of there are requirements as a business entity is to comply to all the rules and
regulations embodied by the government such as compliance the Republic Act number 9003 or commonly
known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 so the hotel has the responsibility to ensure there
is a waste management plan and segregation as well as recycling process. Correspondingly, Hotels as a service
provider, ensuring the health and welfare of every guest in compliance to Presidential Decree No. 856 of 1975.
Code on Sanitation on the Philippines.

Next in the rank is that there are different negative views on the effectiveness of regulatory and voluntary
mechanisms of the hotel and LGU (2.57) There is a challenge for hotels and, in fact, all companies wanting to
conduct Corporate Social Responsibility measures, lies in the measurement of CSR performance. This includes
the measurement of secretions, garbage, supply usage, work-related and client’s well-being and security,
anti-competitive performance and non-discrimination, amongst others (Yadava & Sinha, 2016). Not only on CSR
performance but also with regards to the regulatory effectiveness and voluntary mechanism has been challenging
for hotels as there are different negative views on these matters.

Corporate giving has changed into a more political activity as companies have increasingly taken on
responsibilities traditionally left to governments (2.49) ranked fourth. The findings of one research indicate that
there is an expectation to the national government officials to cooperate with small businesses, including the
accommodation establishment in providing financial aid to organizations like charity or social group of people
helping the community. This financial aid may be materially equivalent like goods and products that is related to
the host community. This act may refer to "goodness of the heart". This is a stakeholder approach to CSR, that
the hotel top management shall be held responsible to a great potential in understanding how their hotel could
deal with the variety of suppliers and stakeholder that can have an effect better managed for effective CSR
implementation, particularly as diverse stakeholder interests were identified as core to the implementation
problem.

The politicians have controlled over CSR of the Hotel (2.29) gets the lowest obtained weighted mean as it
ranks last. The hotel and resorts used to find partnership with non-hotel stakeholders to fulfill their plans in CSR.
These tactics has been used overtime to maximize and solve issues on social and environmental (Smith & Ong,
2015). These non-hotel stakeholders are mostly businesses, educators and private individuals. Politicians are
note included thus have their own individual social responsibility rather than taking part of other’s CSR. This
concept also shows the little of attention the politician gives in order to arrange politics that dealing with
environmental issues. Thus, private sectors be the pioneer or main actor in campaigning the global issues about
environment. Being the last in the rank may signifies that the problem encountered in terms of political issue is
not that grave and thus gives positive view that the hotel and resort is doing just well in their CSR.

Table 3
Corporate social responsibility in terms of economic issues
Economic issues WM VI R
There is a lack of sustainable CSR Development Plan 2.54 O 5
Profit maximization is one of the key motives for CSR 2.68 O 4
Hotel use CSR to differentiate and advertise their product or to build brand loyalty. 2.78 O 2
Climate change and population growth has as a negative effect to CSR implementation of the 2.86 O 1
hotel
CSR involvement has no effect on the profitability of the hotel 2.69 O 3
Composite Mean 2.71 O
Note. Scale: 3.50-4.00: Always (A); 2.50-3.49: Often (O); 1.50-2.49: Sometimes (S); 1.00-1.49: Never (N).

Table 3 Economic issues in CSR which as the computed composite mean score of 2.71 implies that the hotel
has less complications in CSR in terms of economic issue. First in the ranking is that the climate change and
population growth have a negative effect in implementing CSR activities (2.86). One of the most commonly
practiced CSR by hotels, resorts and tourist inn are environmentally friendly activity addressing the emerging

International Journal of Research Studies in Education 45

Borbon, N. M. D.
issue on climate change as well as social community development to address population growth. These problems
with climate change and population growth is directly affecting the economic development of the industry since
climate change and population growth is one of global economic-environmental issue. Thus, making it the first
in the rank only means that in hotel industry, this issue on climate change and population growth is not literality
affecting negatively in implementing corporate social responsibility activities of hotels and resorts. Given the
emerging complex economic issue, there is on way to achieve profitability in the hotel industry for long term and
that is through CSR (Cech, & Dohnalova, 2015).

Second in the rank is that the hotel uses CSR to differentiate and advertise their product or to build brand
loyalty (2.78). For a hotel, resort and tourist inn who go directly to the nearby community and conduct their CSR
activity has the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life and be of help to the community as giving back of
the hotels. Thus, this act may have secondary goal of making their brand name uplifted and known by the
community. This may be for advertisement or building good image and create customer loyalty. It is undeniably
factual that the hotel, resorts and tourist inn are engaging into CSR activity to build up their image to the public
which will eventually result to advertise their product and build customer loyalty. Moreover, According to Lin,
(2017) the corporate social responsibility of the hotel, resort, and may it be tourist’s inn produces positive effect
on the brand loyalty as well as increasing the performance of their employee as well as it is because of the
corporate social responsibility of the hotel’s initiative that motivates to have positive outcome on the customer
satisfaction resulting to guest delight (Goyal & Chanda, 2017).

Furthermore, CSR involvement has no effect on the profitability of the hotel (2.69) ranked third. This may
result to an improved the hotel performance and profitability. Cost savings in hotel operations are often
evidenced through CSR implementation, particularly environmentally- responsible practices which reduce
energy expenses. This is a major motivating factor for hotel properties to implement green practices. Since based
on the research findings of Liu et al. (2017) suggested to hospitality industry to observe their employee’s
engagement to CSR to create awareness and self fulfilment to organizational sustainable projects.

Moreover, profit maximization is one of the key motives for CSR (2.68). One of the reasons why people
engage into business is making profit. In any business-service industry especially for hotels, resorts and tourist
inn reduction of the cost to increase the profit is one of their strategies. The management made use of CSR to
lessen their tax since the expenditure for CSR activity are normally deducted to their tax as sited by one of the
resort managers in Batangas. As Gao and Mattila (2014) perceived that the friendliness and capability of the
hotel employees may intervene with the service results and guest’s delight. The hotel employees are considered
to be more effective when they were motivated thus in return customer will be satisfied. Furthermore, Cheon,
(2016) revealed that the factor of public or social dimension and legal order has a significant influence on quality
value, price value, and customer satisfaction. Also, quality value and price value have significant influences on
customer satisfaction. This is being developed through participating hotel’s CSR.

However, lacking the sustainable CSR Development Plan (2.54) ranked lowest. In this generation, still,
violence partakes an undesirable effect on tourism however its effect is being lessened as compared to
governance (Yap & Saha, 2013). Though, there are still people who tend to travel, and check in to hotel and
resorts amidst of the terrorism. Experience of veteran hotel managers reveals that the sustainable program
implementation can be challenging on the part of any hospitality businesses most specifically the small
enterprises like resorts and inns, but there are still coping up to these challenges by applying the cluster approach
that can deliver a stronger track to sustainability whereas it also contributing support and proper funding on
resources and cost (McLennan, et.al., 2013). The Hotel should consider creating organizational sustainable
development plan for CSR. This would be helpful since CSR can be utilized as an efficient and appropriate
instrument for sustainable tourism development (Goyal & Chanda, 2017).

46 Consortia Academia Publishing (A partner of Network of Professional Researchers and Educators)

 Evaluation on CSR issues in the view of hotel business in CALABARZON region, Philippines

Table 4
Corporate social responsibility in terms of social issues
Social issues WM VI R
The business benefits of corporate responsibility programs are not always immediately 2.78 O 1
tangible.
There is a lack of consensus amongst local agencies regarding CSR projects. 2.67 O 2
There is a lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to CSR 2.66 O 3
activities of companies.
There is non-availability of well-organized nongovernmental organizations in remote and rural 2.55 O 5
areas that can assess and identify real needs of the community.
Lack of reliable indicators of progress in the field of CSR, along with the dissemination of 2.56 O 4
CSR strategies
Composite Mean 2.64 O
Note. Scale: 3.50-4.00: Always (A); 2.50-3.49: Often (O); 1.50-2.49: Sometimes (S); 1.00-1.49: Never (N).

Table 4 Social issues in CSR which as the computed composite mean score of 2.64 implies that the hotel has
fewer worries in CSR in terms of social issue. First in the rank is that the business benefits of corporate
responsibility programs are not always immediately tangible (2.78). This rank first, basically because the CSR
return over may be evidently seen immediately. Whereas, there is a lack of consensus amongst local agencies
regarding CSR projects ranked second with 2.67 as weighted mean. There is a lack of consensus among local
agencies concern project relating to CSR. This lack of consensus often results in duplication of activities by
corporate houses in areas of their intervention. This results in a competitive spirit between local implementing
agencies rather than building collaborative approaches on issues. This factor limits company’s abilities to
undertake impact assessment of their initiatives from time to time (Prabhakar & Mishra, 2013).

Following in the rank, there is a lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to
CSR activities of companies. (2.66). Lack of interest of local community may be affected by several factors that
is why the hotels must concentrate on creating attractive skills development center for all ages and both women
and men. Recruiting local residence living in the community may also be invited to educational awareness and
environmental campaign, and less prioritize the donation giving to local to prevent spoon feeding (Jogdand &
Sawant, 2013). Moreover, Hospitality establishments must incorporate corporate social responsibility edges
with regards to maintainable approach to develop their worker. Business standards is being refined
amongst personnel by participating the CSR initiatives of hotel, resorts and tourist inn and engaging in any
activity related to the corporate social responsibility where their social skills are being observed (Luu,
2017).

Moreover, Lack of reliable indicators of progress in the field of CSR, along with the dissemination of CSR
strategies (2.56). There is a challenge for hotels and, in fact, all companies wanting to conduct CSR measures,
lies in the measurement of CSR performance. This includes the measurement of secretions, garbage, supply
usage, work-related and client’s well-being and security, anti-competitive performance and non-discrimination,
amongst others (Yadava & Sinha, 2016). According to Priya (2014) one of the challenges that the hospitality
industry is facing is the need to look into more reliable indicator to measure the progress of CSR. As well as
there are few indicators relating to the measurement of standards which make it difficult to standardize the CSR
progress (Ingram, de Grip, de Wildt, Ton, Douma, Boone, & van Hoeven, 2013). Even the word CSR, there is
really no define definition to it as to measuring through reliable indicators is not given that is the reason why
having a sustainable plan is essential.

There is non-availability of well-organized nongovernmental organizations in remote and rural areas that
can assess and identify real needs of the community. (2.55) obtained the lowest rank. The participation to any
CSR activity can add destruction the communal structure of local and international health care since based on the
findings, the volunteers are untrained (Smith, 2015). For the volunteering of any hotel staff shall be proper
training to be done so that this act may not put into waste as far as damaging the community. This ranked last in
the problems encountered since the hotel and resort responded that there is partnership among non-hotel

International Journal of Research Studies in Education 47

Borbon, N. M. D.
stakeholders helping them in their CSR initiatives and promoting community development.

Table 5
Issues in CSR when grouped according to profile variable
Classification of Hotel Location No. of Years in Operation
F Sig. I F Sig. I F Sig. I
Political 2.878 .060 NS 4.328** .003 S 4.959 .001 S
Economic 1.316 .272 NS 4.460** .002 S 5.730 .000 S
Social 1.565 .213 NS 5.046** .001 S 7.580 .000 S
Note. *p<.05.

In Table 5, no significant difference exists on the problems encountered by the respondents on CSR when
grouped according to classification as denoted by the computed p-values which are greater than 0.05 alpha level.
It implies that classification of the accommodation establishment is not a factor that determines the level of
problems encountered in political, economic and social aspects. Whatever the classification of the establishment,
may it be a hotel, resort and tourist inn, every accommodation establishment encountered problems with regards
to political, economic and social. It is but natural for a business establishment to experience problem, but the
classification of the establishment is not a factor.

There are an increasing number of companies who are actively observing CSR. The hotel, resorts and tourist
inn are continuing CSR efforts to local communities that are located around their vicinity (Amran, Zain,
Sulaiman, Sarker, & Ooi, 2013). Though, the classification of the accommodation doesn’t affect to the problems
and issues that they are facing. Moreover, Vveinhardt and Andriukaitiene (2017) suggested that the CSR theories
is not applicable to perform in a manner that is consistent, regardless that the corporate social responsibility is
integrated in a much formal setting where it is already a part of the company’s culture once the hotel
management will put everything into daily practice there and then Philanthropical act will become natural for
them without formal reminder. This is the goal of every hotel chain, to be a catalyst for change, change for better
lives among their beneficiaries.

Furthermore, Data showed in Table 5 that significant difference exists on the problems encountered with
CSR in terms of political (.003), Economic (.002) and Social (.001) when grouped in terms of location according
to province as denoted by the computed p-values which are less than .01 alpha level. It implies that the group of
respondents from Rizal has significantly higher level of problems encountered with CSR compared to Laguna
and Batangas.

Geographically every accommodation establishment has its own strengths and weaknesses. Even though it is
located in one single region which is CALABARZON, still there are a lot of complexity that should be
considered. According to Philippine Statistics Authority (2018) CALABARZON is located in southern Luzon
which is south and west of Metro Manila and is considered to be as the second most densely populated region.
According to Dhaliwal, Li, Tsang and Yang (2014), CSR is one of the strategies used by companies for cost
reduction. The geographical location is one of the factors to define the expenditures of the hotel thus affecting
the CSR in a way that the hotel should adopt to the province’s regulating body referring to the political and
economic aspect and cultural differences in terms of social aspect.

Also, Data showed in Table 5 that significant difference exists on the problems encountered with CSR in
terms of political (.001), Economic (.000) and Social (.000) when grouped according to number of years in
operation as denoted by the computed p-values which are less than .01 alpha level. Results of Post Hoc Test
revealed that those respondents from accommodations with 11 to 15 years in operation have significantly higher
problems encountered in political aspect compared accommodations with 6 to 10 years. Meanwhile, the group of
respondents from accommodations having 16 to 20 years has significantly lower problems encountered in terms
of economic aspect. Likewise, respondents from accommodation having 11 to 15 years in operation have
significantly higher problems encountered in terms of social aspect compared to those respondents from 6 to 10

48 Consortia Academia Publishing (A partner of Network of Professional Researchers and Educators)

 Evaluation on CSR issues in the view of hotel business in CALABARZON region, Philippines
years and 16 to 20 years in operation.

In today’s generation, there is a massive growing number of businesses that are implementing different CSR
initiatives—the voluntary incorporation of social and environmental issues into a company's business model and
operations (Ioannou & Serafeim, 2015). This only proves no matter how long the business is operating, there is a
tendency that they would experience political, economic and social issue. The only difference is how serious the
issues are. It is the responsibility of the management to cope up these issues.

4. Conclusion and recommendation

Hotel establishment around CALABARZON are mostly located around coastal area that exist for more or
less than 20 years providing accommodation and luxury to tourist away from home. Climate change and
population growth is the most common problems encountered as economic issue in the corporate social
responsibility implementation of the hotels. It implies that classification of the accommodation establishment is
not a factor that determines the level of problems encountered in political, economic and social aspects.
Respondents from Rizal has significantly higher level of problems encountered with CSR compared to Laguna
and Batangas. Respondents from accommodation having 11 to 15 years in operation have significantly higher
problems encountered in terms of social aspect compared to those respondents from 6 to 10 years and 16 to 20
years in operation.

Since Climate change and population growth is the most common problems encountered, hotel, resorts and
tourist inn may focus to these issues by coming up with an awareness program to their benefactors that would
result to save the environment which will be posted in an infographic to ensure transparency to the society. This
study is limited to CALABARZON region with employees of accommodation establishment as respondents.
Further studies are recommended to explore the level of participation of the employees in the CSR programs and
projects of their respective organization and how those activities influence this social responsiveness for
community development.

5. References

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Carlitz, R. (2013). Improving transparency and accountability in the budget process: an assessment of recent
initiatives. Development Policy Review, 31(s1). https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12019
Cech, P., & Dohnalova, M. (2015). How corporate social responsibility can contribute to growth strategy. In
International conference knowledge-based organization (Vol. 21(1), pp. 160-164).
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Conley, J. M., Lázaro-Muñoz, G., Prince, A. E., Davis, A. M., & Cadigan, R. J. (2015). Scientific social
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Dhaliwal, D., Li, O. Z., Tsang, A., & Yang, Y. G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and the cost
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