SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

M. Sc. MATHEMATICS

MTH3C13: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

(Core Course)

THIRD SEMESTER

MCQ’s in Functional Analysis

Prepared by:

Dr. Vinod Kumar P.

Associate Professor
P. G.Department of Mathematics
T. M. Government College, Tirur
—————————————————————————————
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
2

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
MTH3C13: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS
SELF LEARNING MATERIAL
Prepared by:
Dr. Vinod Kumar P.
Associate Professor
P. G. Department of Mathematics
T. M. Government College, Tirur
Email: [email protected]

Scrutinized by:
Dr. Bijumon R.
Associate Professor and Head
P. G. Department of Mathematics
M. G. College, Iritty
Keezhur P.O., Kannur Dt.
Published by:
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
October, 2021
Copy Right Reserved
 3

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The linear span of empty set equals:

(a) Empty set

(b) Zero subspace
(c) The whole space
(d) None of these
Answer : ( b )

2. Which of the following is not a linear space over R ?

(a) C
(b) R
(c) Q
(d) None of these
Answer : ( c )

3. Which of the following is not a linear space ?

(a) C over R
(b) Q over R
4

(c) R over Q
(d) C over Q
Answer : ( b )

4. Dimension of Cn as a linear space over C is :

(a) n
(b) n + 1
(c) n2
(d) 2n
Answer : ( a )

5. Dimension of Cn as a linear space over R is :

(a) n
(b) n + 1
(c) 2(n + 1)
(d) 2n
Answer : ( d )

6. If E1 and E2 are subspaces of a linear space E, then which

of the following is false?
 5

(a) E1 ∩ E2 is always a subspace of E.

(b) E1 + E2 is always a subspace of E.
(c) E1 ∪ E2 is always a subspace of E.
(d) E1 ∪ E2 is never a subspace of E.
Answer : ( c )

7. If E is finite dimensional linear space of dimension n, and

F is a subset of E with m elements, where m < n, then
which of the following is true?

(a) F can span E.

(b) F is linearly independent in E.
(c) F is linearly dependent in E.
(d) F can not be a basis of E.
Answer : ( d )

8. Which of the following is not a linear space over C?

(a) The set of all convergent sequences in C.

(b) The set of all bounded sequences in C.
(c) The set of all sequences in C that converges to 0.
6

(d) The set of all sequences in C that converges to a real

number.
Answer : ( d )

9. Which of the following linear space is infinite dimensional?

(a) R over Q
(b) Q over Q
(c) C over C
(d) C over R
Answer : ( a )

10. Pick the incorrect statement:

(a) If S spans the linear space E and if S ⊂ T , then T

also spans E.
(b) Any single vector in E is linearly independent.
(c) Any set of vectors in E that includes the zero vector
is linearly dependent.
(d) If S is a linearly independent set in a linear space E
and if T ⊂ S, then T is also linearly independent.
Answer : ( b )
 7

11. Consider f : R → R. Which of the following is not a linear

map?

(a) f (x) = x
(b) f (x) = x2
(c) f (x) = 3x
(d) f (x) = 0
Answer : ( b )

12. A linear map A : E1 → E2 between two linear spaces is

an isomorphism if:

(a) kerA = {0} and ImA = E2 .

(b) kerA 6= {0} and ImA = E2 .
(c) kerA =ImA.
(d) kerA = E1 and ImA = E2 .
Answer : ( a )

13. Which of the following denotes the space of all bounded

scalar sequences?

(a) c
8

(b) `∞
(c) `p
(d) s
Answer : ( b )

14. Which of the following is not a property of norm in gen-

eral?

(a) kxk ≥ 0
(b) kx + yk ≤ kxk + kyk
(c) kkxk = kkxk
(d) kxk = 0 iff x = 0
Answer : ( c )

15. If k · k1 and k · k2 are two norms on a linear space E, then

k · k1 is stronger than k · k2 if and only if :

(a) ∃ C > 0 such that kxk2 ≤ Ckxk1 , for all x ∈ E.

(b) ∃ C > 0 such that kxk1 ≤ Ckxk2 , for all x ∈ E.
(c) ∃ 0 < C < 1 such that kxk2 ≤ Ckxk1 , for all x ∈ E.
(d) ∃ 0 < C < 1 such that kxk1 ≤ Ckxk2 , for all x ∈ E.
Answer : ( a )
 9

16. The Minkowski’s inequality for scalar sequences a = (ai )

and b = (bi ) states that:

(a) kabk ≤ kak kbk

(b) kabk ≥ kak kbk
(c) ka + bk ≥ kak + kbk
(d) ka + bk ≤ kak + kbk
Answer : ( d )

17. Let (E, k · k) be a normed space and let d be the metric

induced by the norm on E. If x, y ∈ E and if d(x, y) = r,
then which of the following is false?

(a) d(x + z, y + z) = r, for any z ∈ E.

(b) d(rx, ry) = r2
(c) d(ax, ay) = |a|r, for any scalar a.
(d) d(rx + y, ry + x) = (r − 1)r.
Answer : ( d )

18. Let C[a, b] be the space of all complex valued continuous

functions on [a, b]. Under which of the following norms,
C[a, b] is a Banach space?
10
Rb
(a) kf k = ( a |f (t)|2 dt)1/2
Rb
(b) kf k = a |f (t)|dt
Rb
(c) kf k = ( a |f (t)|3 dt)1/3
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( d )

19. A complete normed space is known as a :

(a) Hilbert space

(b) Compact space
(c) Banach space
(d) Euclidean space
Answer : ( c )

20. Which of the following is a Banach space?

(a) Space of all polynomial functions on [a, b] with the

supremum norm
(b) Space of all continuous functions on [a, b] with the
supremum norm
(c) Space of all polynomial functions on [a, b] with the
p-norm
 11

(d) Space of all continuous functions on [a, b] with the

p-norm
Answer : ( b )

21. The term Hilbert space stands for a :

(a) Complete inner product space

(b) Compact linear space
(c) Complete normed space
(d) Complete metric space
Answer : ( a )

22. Consider the statements.

(i) Every finite dimensional normed linear space is a Ba-
nach space.
(ii) Every Banach space is finite dimensional linear space.

(a) Only (i) is true

(b) Only (ii) is true
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) is true.
Answer : ( a )
12

23. Let H be a Hilbert space and L be a subspace of H. Then

which of the following is false?

(a) L⊥ is a subspace of H.
(b) L⊥ is a closed subspace of H.
(c) L ∩ L⊥ = {0}
(d) L ∩ L⊥ = φ
Answer : ( d )

24. Which of the following subspaces of `∞ is not a Banach

space?

(a) c
(b) c0
(c) s∗
(d) `p
Answer : ( c )

25. Let X = C([0, 1], R) be equipped with the supremum

norm. Let Y be the subspace of polynomial functions,
then :

(a) Y is a dense subspace of X.

 13

(b) Y is a closed subspace of X.

(c) Y is an open subspace of X.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

26. Which of the following is not a Banach space?

(a) Linear space of all n-tuples x = (a1 , a2 , ..., an ) with

kxk = max |ai |.
i

(b) Linear space of all 2-summable sequences x = (a1 , a2 , ...)

∞
with kxk = ( |ai |2 )1/2 .
P
i=1

(c) Linear space of all bounded sequences x = (a1 , a2 , ...)

with kxk = sup |ai |.
i

(d) Linear space of all continuous functions on [0, 1] with

R1
kf k = 0 |f (t)|dt.
Answer : ( d )

27. The distance between any two orthonormal vectors in an

inner product space is:

(a) 1
14
√
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 2
Answer : ( b )

28. Pick the INCORRECT statement:

(a) Every Hilbert space is a normed space

(b) Every Banach space is a topological space
(c) Every normed space is a metric space
(d) Every Banach space is a Hilbert space
Answer : ( d )

29. Which of the following is a Banach space?

(a) P [a, b] with supremum norm

(b) C[a, b] with supremum norm
(c) s∗ with supremum norm
(d) C[a, b] with p-norm
Answer : ( b )
 15

30. Consider the statements:

(i) Every normed space is complete.
(ii) Every normed space can be identified as a dense sub-
space of a complete normed space.

(a) Only (i) is true

(b) Only (ii) is true
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) are true.
Answer : ( b )

31. Which of the following is true in a normed space?

(a) Union of any family of open sets is open.

(b) Intersection of any family of open sets is open.
(c) Union of any family of closed sets is closed.
(d) Intersection of any family of closed sets is open.
Answer : ( a )

32. If p ≥ q ≥ 1, which of the following is true?

(a) `p ⊂ `q
16

(b) `p ⊃ `q
(c) `p = `q
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

33. Which of the following is Cauchy-Schwartz inequality?

(a) |hx, yi| ≤ hx, xi1/2 · hy, yi1/2

(b) |hx, yi| ≥ hx, xi1/2 · hy, yi1/2
(c) |hx, yi| ≤ hx, yi1/2 · hy, xi1/2
(d) |hx, yi| ≤ hx, xi · hy, yi
Answer : ( a )

34. Which of the following is known as the parallelogram law?

(a) kx + yk2 = 2kxk2 + 2kyk2

(b) kx + yk2 + kx − yk2 = 2kxk2 + kyk2
(c) kx + yk2 + kx − yk2 = 2(kxk2 + kyk2 )
(d) kx + yk2 − kx − yk2 = 2kxk2 + kyk2
Answer : ( c )
 17

35. Two vectors x, y in an inner product space are orthogonal

if :

(a) hx, yi = 0
(b) kxk = kyk = 1
(c) hx, yi =
6 0
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

36. If two vectors x, y in an inner product space are orthogo-

nal, then:

(a) kx + yk2 = 2kxk2 + 2kyk2

(b) kx + yk2 = kxk2 + kyk2
(c) kx + yk = 0
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

37. If {fi } is a complete system in a Hilbert space H and if

x ⊥ fi for all i, then:

(a) kxk = 1
18

(b) {x} is linearly independent.

(c) x = 0
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( c )

38. Consider the following statements about a Hilbert space

H:
(i) H is separable if it has a countable dense subset.
(ii) H is separable if it has a complete orthonormal system.

(a) Only (i) is true

(b) Only (ii) is true
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) are true.
Answer : ( c )

39. If L1 and L2 are two subspaces of a Hilbert space H, then

which of the following is true?

(a) (L1 + L2 )⊥ = L⊥ ⊥
1 ∩ L2

(b) (L1 + L2 )⊥ = L⊥ ⊥
1 + L2

(c) (L1 ∩ L2 )⊥ = L⊥ ⊥
1 + L2
 19

(d) (L1 + L2 )⊥ = L⊥ ⊥
1 ∪ L2
Answer : ( a )

40. If L is a closed subspace of a Hilbert space H, then which

of the following is true?

(a) L ⊕ L⊥ 6= H
(b) L ∪ L⊥ = H
(c) L ⊕ L⊥ = H
(d) (L⊥ )⊥ = L⊥
Answer : ( c )

41. If E is a closed subspace of a Hilbert space H and codimE =

1, then which of the following is true?

(a) dimE ⊥ = 1
(b) codimE ⊥ = 1
(c) E ⊥ = {0}
(d) None of these
Answer : ( a )

42. If X, Y are normed spaces and if A : X → Y is a bijective,

bounded linear map, then:
20

(a) A is always an open map.

(b) A is an open map if X is a Banach space.
(c) A is an open map if Y is a Banach space.
(d) A is an open map if both X and Y are Banach spaces.
Answer : ( d )

43. Which of the following is true?

(a) If A, B are invertible linear operators on X, then A +

B is invertible.
(b) If A, B are invertible linear operators on X, then A−
B is invertible.
(c) If A, B are invertible linear operators on X, then AB
is invertible.
(d) If A is invertible linear operator on X, and k is any
scalar, then kA is invertible.
Answer : ( c )

44. If X and Y are normed spaces, then the space of bounded

linear operators L(X, Y ) is a Banach space if and only if:

(a) X is a Banach space.

 21

(b) Y is a Banach space.

(c) Both X and Y are Banach spaces.

(d) Both X and Y are finite dimensional spaces.

Answer : ( b )

45. If X and Y are normed spaces, and if T : X → Y is a

linear operator, then T is bounded if and only if:

(a) T maps bounded subsets of X into bounded subsets

of Y.

(b) T maps open subsets of X into open subsets of Y.

(c) T maps closed subsets of X into closed subsets of Y.

(d) T is invertible.
Answer : ( a )

46. If A : H → H is a bounded linear operators on a Hilbert

space H, then:

(a) kAk = sup{hAx, yi; kxk ≤ 1, kyk ≤ 1}

(b) kAk = sup{|hAx, yi|; kxk ≤ 1, kyk ≤ 1}

(c) kAk = sup{hAx, yi; x, y ∈ H}

22

(d) kAk = inf{|hAx, yi|; kxk ≤ 1, kyk ≤ 1}

Answer : ( b )

47. For any bounded linear operator A : X → Y, kerA is:

(a) a closed subspace of Y.

(b) an open subspace of Y.
(c) a closed subspace of X.
(d) an open subspace of X.
Answer : ( c )

48. For any normed space X, the dual space X ∗ is:

(a) Always a Banach space.

(b) Always a compact set.
(c) Always finite dimensional.
(d) Always an infinite dimensional.
Answer : ( a )

49. If T is the shift operator on `2 , then:

(a) kT k = √1
2
 23
√
(b) kT k = 2
(c) kT k = 1
(d) kT k = ∞
Answer : ( c )

50. Any bounded subset in Rn is :

(a) compact
(b) relatively compact
(c) open
(d) closed
Answer : ( b )

51. Consider the statements:

(i) Every compact operator is bounded.
(ii) Every bounded operator is compact. Then:

(a) Only (i) is true.

(b) Only (ii) is true.
(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true.
(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) is true.
Answer : ( a )
24

52. M ⊂ C[a, b] is relatively compact if and only if :

(a) M is uniformly bounded.

(b) M is equicontinuous.
(c) M is closed and bounded.
(d) M is uniformly bounded and equicontinuous.
Answer : ( d )

53. If A : X → Y is a bounded operator, then:

(a) A∗ : Y ∗ → X ∗ is bounded.
(b) A∗ : X ∗ → Y ∗ is bounded.
(c) A∗ : Y ∗ → X ∗ is linear, but need not be bounded.
(d) A∗ : X ∗ → Y ∗ is linear, but need not be bounded.
Answer : ( a )

54. If A : X → Y, x ∈ X and f ∈ Y ∗ , then hAx, f i equals:

(a) hA∗ x, f i
(b) hx, A∗ f i
(c) hA∗ f, xi
 25

(d) hA∗ x, A∗ f i
Answer : ( b )

55. Every bounded operator of finite rank is :

(a) compact
(b) open
(c) has a non zero adjoint.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

56. Rank of a linear operator A equals:

(a) dim(kerA)
(b) dim(ImA)
(c) dim(ImA∗ )
(d) dim(kerA∗ )
Answer : ( b )

57. Norm convergence is also known as :

(a) Uniform convergence

26

(b) Strong convergence

(c) Weak convergence

(d) None of these.

Answer : ( a )

58. Consider the statements:

(i) Strong convergence is weaker than norm convergence.
(ii) Weak convergence is weaker than strong convergence.
Then:

(a) Only (i) is true.

(b) Only (ii) is true.

(c) Both (i) and (ii) are true.

(d) Neither (i) nor (ii) is true.

Answer : ( c )

59. If T is the right shift operator in `2 , then :

(a) T is one to one.

(b) T is onto.

(c) T is invertible.
 27

(d) None of these.

Answer : ( a )

60. If U is the left shift operator in `2 , then :

(a) U is one to one.

(b) U is onto.
(c) U is invertible.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

61. If T is the right shift operator and U is the left shift op-
erator in `2 , then :

(a) UT = Id.
(b) T U = id.
(c) T U = UT.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

62. If T is the right shift operator and U is the left shift op-
erator in `2 , then which of the following is false?
28

(a) UT = Id.
(b) T U =
6 id.
(c) kerT U =
6 0.
(d) kerUT 6= 0.
Answer : ( d )

63. A bijective map A : X → Y is open if and only if :

(a) A : X → Y is invertible.
(b) A : X → Y is bounded.
(c) A−1 : Y → X is bounded.
(d) A−1 : Y → X is open.
Answer : ( c )

64. If {An } is a sequence of operators on a normed space X,

then An → A strongly if and only if:

(a) An x → Ax for all x ∈ X.

(b) kAn − Ak → 0 as n ∈ ∞.
(c) f (An x) → f (Ax) for all x ∈ X and for all f ∈ X ∗ .
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )
 29

65. If T is a bounded linear operator, then:

(a) kT xk ≤ kT k · kxk
(b) kT xk ≥ kT k · kxk
(c) kT xk = kT k · kxk
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

66. Which of the following function do not define a norm in

R2 ?

(a) f (x, y) = sup{|x|, |y|}

(b) f (x, y) = (|x|2 + |y|2 )1/2
(c) f (x, y) = |x| + |y|
(d) f (x, y) = (|x|1/2 + |y|1/2 )2
Answer : ( d )

67. Which of the following is not a complete normed space?

(a) `∞ /c0
(b) `∞ /c
(c) `∞ /s∗
30

(d) `∞ /Y, where Y =span {(1, 1, 1, ...)}.

Answer : ( c )

68. Every complete subspace of a normed space is:

(a) closed.
(b) open
(c) finite
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

69. Let X be the normed space of all continuous functions on

R1
[0, 1] with the norm kf k = 0 |f (t)|dt. Then:

(a) X is a proper closed subspace of L1 [0, 1].

(b) X is a proper dense subspace of L1 [0, 1].
(c) X is a Banach space.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

70. For x, y in a normed space X, which of the following is not

necessarily true?
 31

(a) kx + yk ≤ kxk + kyk

(b) |kxk − kyk| ≤ kx − yk
(c) |kxk − kyk| ≤ kxk + kyk
(d) kx − yk ≤ kxk − kyk
Answer : ( d )

71. Let M be a closed subspace of a normed space N. Then

the quotient space N/M is a Banach space if and only if:

(a) M is a Banach space.

(b) N is a Banach space.
(c) N = M
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

72. Which of the following normed space is not separable?

(a) (`∞ , k · k∞ )
(b) (`p , k · kp ), 1 ≤ p < ∞
(c) (Cn , k · kp ), 1 ≤ p < ∞
(d) (Cn , k · k∞ )
Answer : ( a )
32

73. If E is a normed space and if d is the metric induced by

the norm, then for any scalar k, d(kx, ky) equals:

(a) d(x, y)
(b) |k|d(x, y)
(c) kd(x, y)
(d) k 2 d(x, y)
Answer : ( b )

74. Let e = (1, 1, 1, ....) ∈ `∞ , then c0 + span{e} equals:

(a) c0
(b) c
(c) `∞
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

75. For x, y in a normed space X, |kx+yk−kx−yk| ≤ ............

(a) 2kyk
(b) 2(kxk + kyk)
(c) 2kxk
 33

(d) kxk + kyk

Answer : ( a )

76. Let X = (`∞ , | · k∞ ) and Y be a finite dimensional sub-

space of X. Then which of the following is not a Banach
space?

(a) X/c
(b) X/Y
(c) X/c0
(d) X/s∗
Answer : ( d )

77. Pick the incorrect statement:

(a) Every linear subspace of a normed space is convex.

(b) Every ball in a normed space is convex.
(c) Intersection of two convex sets is convex.
(d) Union of two convex sets is convex.
Answer : ( d )

78. Which of the following is non-separable normed space?

34

(a) L1 [0, 1]
(b) L∞ [0, 1]
(c) L2 [0, 1]
(d) C[0, 1]
Answer : ( b )

79. Let X be the space of differentiable functions on [0, 1],

Y = C[0, 1] both with the supremum norm and A : X →
Y be the map defined by Af = f / , the derivative of f.
Then A is:

(a) Linear and bounded.

(b) Bounded but not linear.
(c) Linear and continuous.
(d) Linear but not continuous.
Answer : ( d )

80. Let X be a normed space and f be a bounded, non-zero

linear functional on X. Then, which of the following is not
true?

(a) f is onto.
 35

(b) f is continuous.
(c) kerf is a closed subspace of X.
(d) f is an open map.
Answer : ( d )

81. If f is a linear functional on a normed space X, then kerf

is:

(a) closed in X.
(b) dense in X.
(c) either closed or dense in X.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( c )

82. Which of the following is true?

(a) Every metric space is a normed space.

(b) Every complete normed space is finite dimensional.
(c) Every finite dimensional normed space has a unique
norm.
(d) The dual space of a normed space is a complete normed
space.
Answer : ( d )
36

83. Let x, y be elements of a Hilbert space H, such that kxk =

3, kyk = 4 and kx + yk = 7. Then kx − yk equals:

(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
√
(d) 2
Answer : ( a )

84. Pick out the correct statement.

(a) `1 is not reflexive.

(b) `1 is not separable.
(c) `2 is not reflexive.
(d) `2 is not separable.
Answer : ( a )

85. Dual space of (`2 , k · k2 ) is:

(a) (`2 , k · k1 )
(b) (`∞ , k · k∞ )
(c) (`2 , k · k2 )
 37

(d) (`2 , k · k∞ )
Answer : ( c )

86. Which of the following is not a normed space?

(a) `∞ with kxk = sup|xi |.

(b) c with kxk = sup|xi |.
(c) c0 with kxk = sup|xi |.
(d) c with kxk = lim |xi |.
i→∞
Answer : ( d )

87. Dual space of (c0 , k · k∞ ) is:

(a) (c0 , k · k1 )
(b) (c0 , k · k∞ )
(c) (`1 , k · k1 )
(d) (`∞ , k · k∞ )
Answer : ( c )

88. In a normed spaceE, which of the following need not true?

(a) The mapping (x, y) → x + y is continuous.

38

(b) The mapping (k, y) → k · x is continuous.

(c) The mapping x → kxk is continuous.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( d )

89. With the usual inner product on R3 , the vectors x, y, z

forms an orthonormal basis. If x = ( √12 , √12 , 0), y = (0, 0, 1),
then z can choose to be :

(a) (0, 1, 0)
(b) (0, √12 , √12 )
(c) (0, 0, 1)
(d) ( √12 , − √12 , 0)
Answer : ( d )

90. Let E be a normed space and let d be the metric induced

by the norm. Then for x, y ∈ E, d(x − y, 0) equals:

(a) d(x, 0) − d(y, 0)

(b) d(x, x − y)
(c) d(x, y)
 39

(d) None of these.

Answer : ( c )

91. Which of the following is not true?

(a) The space c0 is a closed subspace of `∞ .

(b) The space s∗ is a closed subspace of `∞ .
(c) The space c is a closed subspace of `∞ .
(d) The space P [0, 1] is not closed in C[0, 1].
Answer : ( b )

92. Let X be an inner product space. Then the orthogonal

complement of {0} is:

(a) X
(b) {0}
(c) X\{0}
(d) X ⊥
Answer : ( a )

93. Let X = R2 with usual inner product, and A : X → X be

defined by A(x, y) = (x, x). Then A∗ (x, y) equals:
40

(a) (y, y)
(b) (x, −x)
(c) (x + y, 0)
(d) (0, x + y)
Answer : ( c )

94. Let ϕ be the bounded linear functional on R2 defined by

ϕ(x, y) = 2x. Then the unique element of R2 representing
ϕ given by the Riesz representation theorem is:

(a) (0, 1)
(b) (2, 0)
(c) (1, 0)
(d) (0, 2)
Answer : ( b )

95. Let H = L2 [−π, π] and x, y ∈ H be defined as x(t) = ei5t

and y(t) = ei10t . Then kx + yk equals:
√
(a) 2 π
√
(b) 2
√
(c) 2π
 41
√
(d) π 2
Answer : ( a )

96. In a Hilbert space, which of the following may not be true?

(a) kx + yk2 + kx − yk2 = 2kxk2 + 2kyk2

(b) |hx, yi| ≤ kxk · kyk
(c) If xn → x, yn → y, then hxn , yn i → hx, yi.
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( d )

97. Let E be a normed space and A, B be bounded linear

operators on E. Then which of the following is true?

(a) kABk ≤ kAk · kBk

(b) kABk ≥ kAk · kBk
(c) kABk = kAk · kBk
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( a )

98. Let M be a nonempty subset of an inner product space

X. Which of the following is not true?
42

(a) M ⊥ = M ⊥⊥⊥
(b) M ⊂ M ⊥⊥
(c) M = M ⊥⊥
(d) If M = X, then M ⊥ = {0}
Answer : ( c )

99. Let H be a Hilbert space over R and x, y ∈ H, be such that

kxk = 4, kyk = 3, and kx − yk = 3. Then hx, yi equals:

(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 10
(d) None of these.
Answer : ( b )

100. Let x ∈ `∞ be defined by x = (xn ), where xn = sin(π/n).

Then kxk∞ equals:

(a) 2
(b) 0
(c) 1
 43

(d) √1
2
Answer : ( c )

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