Chemistry IGCSE Quiz

Chapter 5-14

Name……………………..

Mark ………/60

Prepared by Fikriye Onderol

Q1. This question is about bromine and some of its compounds.
(a) Atoms of bromine can be represented as 79Br and 81Br
(i) State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom of 79Br
(2)

Protons             ..........................

Neutrons             ..........................

Electrons             ..........................

(ii) What name is used for atoms of bromine that have different numbers of neutrons?
(1)
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(b) Hydrogen bromide (HBr) and sodium bromide (NaBr) are compounds of bromine.
(i) Draw a dot and cross diagram to represent a hydrogen bromide molecule.
Show only the outer electrons in each atom.
(2)

(ii) Explain how the atoms are held together in a hydrogen bromide molecule.
(2)
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(iii) Explain why sodium bromide has a higher melting point than hydrogen bromide.
(3)
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(c) A compound has the percentage composition 13.8% sodium, 47.9% bromine and 38.3% oxygen by
mass. Calculate its empirical formula.

Empirical formula = ..............................................................

(Total for Question = 13 marks)

Q2. (a) Crystals of hydrated zinc sulfate, ZnSO4.xH2O, contain water of crystallisation.
A student used the apparatus shown to remove and collect the water of crystallisation from the crystals in
order to find the value of x.
He weighed the empty tube A.
He placed a sample of hydrated zinc sulfate crystals in tube A and reweighed it.
He heated the tube, allowed it to cool and weighed it again.
He repeated this process until two consecutive masses were the same. This is known as 'heating to
constant mass'.

When hydrated zinc sulfate crystals are heated gently, they decompose according to the following
equation:
ZnSO4.xH2O → ZnSO4 + xH2O
The following masses were recorded:

(i) Calculate the mass of ZnSO4 formed after heating to constant mass.
(1)
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(ii) Calculate the mass of water collected after heating to constant mass.
(1)
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(iii) The relative formula mass of ZnSO4 is 161

The relative formula mass of water is 18
Use this information, and your answers to (a)(i) and (a)(ii), to calculate the value of x in the formula
ZnSO4.xH2O
Show your working.
(3)

x = ....................................................
(Total for Question = 5 marks)
Q3. (a)  A student made a solution of sodium hydroxide by dissolving 10.0 g of solid sodium hydroxide in
distilled water to make 250 cm3 of solution.

(i)  Calculate the amount, in moles, of NaOH in 10.0 g of sodium hydroxide.

(3)

amount = ........................................................... mol

(ii)  Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of this solution of sodium hydroxide.

(2)

concentration = ........................................................... mol/dm3

(b)  (i)  The student uses the sodium hydroxide solution to find the concentration of a solution of
hydrochloric acid.
He uses this method
· use a pipette to put 25.0 cm3 of the sodium hydroxide solution
into a conical flask
· add a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the solution
· gradually add the hydrochloric acid from a burette until the
solution in the flask just changes colour
The diagram shows his burette readings.
Complete the table, giving all values to the nearest 0.05 cm3. (3)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q4. A student uses this apparatus to determine the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide gas.

This is the student's method.

·   a solid lump of sodium carbonate of mass 0.53 g is placed into the conical flask
·   an excess of dilute nitric acid is added and the bung is put in place
·   when all of the sodium carbonate has reacted, the volume of carbon dioxide collected is measured
The equation for the reaction is
Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2
(a)  (i)  Calculate the amount, in moles, of sodium carbonate that reacts.
[Mr : Na2CO3 = 106]
(2)

amount of sodium carbonate = ......................................................... mol

(ii)  The volume of carbon dioxide collected is 110 cm3.

Use this information and your answer to (a)(i)  to calculate the volume, in cm3, of one mole of carbon
dioxide.
(2)

volume of one mole of carbon dioxide = ............................................... cm3

(b)  The correct value for the volume of one mole of carbon dioxide, under the conditions used in the
experiment, is 24000 cm3.
Suggest two reasons why the volume calculated from the experiment is less than the correct value.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 
Q5. Diamond and graphite are two naturally-occurring forms of carbon.

The diagrams below show the arrangement of the carbon atoms in diamond and in
graphite. The black dots (•) represent carbon atoms.

(a) Name the type of structure in diamond and explain, in terms of its bonding, why
diamond has a high melting point.
(4)
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    (b) Explain, in terms of its structure, why graphite can act as a lubricant.
(2)
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(c) The structure of graphite has one feature in common with that of metals. This
feature allows graphite to conduct electricity.

Suggest what this feature is and why it allows graphite to conduct electricity.
(2)
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(d) Lithium fluoride, LiF, and magnesium oxide, MgO, are ionic compounds.

Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity when solid, but do conduct electricity when molten
or in aqueous solution.
(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

Q6. A student carries out an investigation to compare the reactivities of four metals, aluminium, copper,
zinc and M.
He adds strips of zinc to the aqueous solutions of the nitrates of each metal.
After a few minutes he removes the strips of zinc and examines them.
The table shows his results.

(a)  Name the substance that causes the brown coating on the zinc.
(1)
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(b)  State why there is no change in the experiment with zinc nitrate solution. (1)
.............................................................................................................................................
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(c)  The student repeats the experiment with strips of metal M instead of strips of zinc. The table shows his
results.

Using information from both tables of results, place the metals aluminium, copper, zinc and M in order of
decreasing reactivity. (2)
most reactive least reactive
.................................< ………………….< ……………………….<……………………<…………….……..

(d)  Magnesium reacts with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate.

The reaction can be represented by the ionic equation

(i)  State why this reaction is described as a redox reaction.

(1)
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(ii)  Explain, in terms of electrons, which species is behaving as an oxidising agent in this reaction. (2)
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(e) Iron is a metal with many uses. One problem with using iron is that it rusts.
(i)  Name two substances needed for iron to rust.
 (2)
............................................................ and ............................................................
(ii)  State the name of the main compound present in rust.
(1)
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(iii)  An iron object is coated with zinc to protect it from rusting. This protection continues even if the zinc
coating becomes scratched.
Explain how the zinc coating protects iron from rusting.
(2)
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(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q7. A student investigates electrolysis using this apparatus.

(a)  The student electrolyses KCl(aq) and collects samples of any gases formed.
Complete the following diagram to show how to assemble the apparatus.
Label the diagram to show the potassium chloride solution.
(3)

(b)  The table shows the half-equation for the reaction at one electrode.
Complete the table to show the half-equation for the reaction at the other electrode and the polarity (+ or –)
of each electrode.
(2)

(c)  Describe a test to show that the gas collected is hydrogen. (1)

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(Total for question = 6 marks)