Handbook of Ballistic and Engineering Data For Ammunition, Vol 2
Handbook of Ballistic and Engineering Data For Ammunition, Vol 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Accesior' For
NTIS CRA&I
DTIC TAB 01
Unannotc.ed Ed
Jostlfic•} :on,
By
A ~'~d Cdes
C'ý
Ds
Dist
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I
BRLH 76-1-42
Sbction PLaragraphs
I General ------------------------------ 1
ITT Description ------------------------- 2- 4
Hm Interior balli3tic data --------------- 6 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data --------------- 7 - 8
V Eftect data ------------------------- 9 - 12
(SECTI.GN I
GENERAL
ParagriPh
purpose ..........-...........-..--- ---------------------------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number ol the u•a.dbook it to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding tha shape, dynamics, balfscics and effects of the 76-mm High Explcsive Shell M42A1 with
the Point Detonating Fuzes M48, M48A1, M48A2 and M51A4; the Time and Superquick Fuze M54; the Me.
chanical Time Fuze M43A5; and the Concrete Piercing Fuse h479. This information is collectrd from the
drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
\.1
BRLH 76.1-42 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
"2
DIMENSIONS INCALIBERS
I CAL 3.000"
-- 2.80 - -- 125
4.04
- i'lli 2.12 -
• ~~2.80 • 8
2
FOR SHELL. HE. 76-MM. M42AI BRLH 76-1-42
2-3
SECTION UI
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
2. Drawbn.
Shell, M42AI: Metal parts assembly and details 75-18-33
Shell, M42B1: Metal parts assembly and details 75-16-37
Shell, M42B2: Metal parts assembly and details 75-18-38
Booster, M20A1: Assembly and details 73-2-112
Booster, M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154
Fuze, PD, M48, M48A1 and M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140
Fuze, PD, M51A4: Assembly 73-2-145
Fuze, TSQ, M54: Assembly 73-3-154
Fuze, MT, M43A5: Assembly and details 73-7-29
Fuze, CP, M78: Assembly and details 73-2-214
Note, The MT, PD, and TSQ Fuzes require one of the boosters; but the CP Fuze contains their work-
ing parts. The TSQ Fuze M54 and the Booster M21A4 are components of the TSQ Fuze M55A3, dwg 73-3-155.
3. Dimensions.
Band: Widtn 0.34 cal
Distance from base 0.40 cal
Cylindrical body: Length 1.92 cal
Ogive: Length 0.87 cal
Radius of arc 7.00 cal
Shell, unfuzed: Length 2.80 cal
Fuze, PD, TSQ or MT:
Outside length 1.25 cal
Shell and fuze 4.04 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.12 cal
Fuze, CP: Outside length 0.88 cal
Radius of ogival arc 2.67 cal
4
Shell and fuze 3.68 cal
Ogive and fuze 1.76 cal
BRLH 76.1-42 BALUSTIC tND ENGINEERING DATA
4-5
4. Physical characteristics. The weight, locatlon of center of gravity, and moments of inertia of the
HE Shell M42A1 with any of the PD, TS• or MT Fuzes are apprcximately the same as those of the HE Sheit
M42 wi0 the MT Fuze M43A2. The phy's-zal characteristics of the HE Shell M42A1 with the CP Fuze is ap-
proximatei? Ihe same as those of the HE •1hli M42B2 with the inert Fuze T105 Type 6.
Shell M42 M42B2
Fuze M43A2 T105 Type 6
Mean weight: Marking U (Standard) lb 12.80 13.14
Marking [ [ lb 13.00 13.34
Mar!,ng U lb 13.20 13.54
Base to center f gi avity cal 2 1.540 1.546
Axial moment oi :nerz•a lb.R2 0.1105 0.1098
Transverse momert %: "nartia ib.ft 0.8092 0.8106
SECTION M
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Stresses ...........-..........----------------------- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore - -8--------------------------------------- 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical rE presentation on page 5 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential resultant stresses at each of three sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat,
(B) the front of the band seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.
4
FOR SHELL HE. 76-MKL M42AI BRLH 76.1-42
5
A B C
SECTION
A B C
+630 -1086
+87 +59
+400
LONGITUDINAL
SECTION lV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- .............-..------------------ 7
Firing table data .......- .............-..------------------ 8
7. Aerodynamic data. The aerodynamic data obtained with any of the PD, TSQ and Mr Fuzes are
applicat le to all of them. The aerodynamic data obtained with the inert Fuze T105 Type 6 are applicable
to the CP Fuze M78. The form factor given in this paragraph for the PD Fuze M48 was determined from
resistance and range firings of the HE Sheil M42 with the PD Fuze M48 and the MT Fuze M43A2. BRL Re-
port No. 30, *Stability Factors of Projectiles" (Rev. Sep 1940) gives the stability factors and moment coef-
ficients that were determined for the HE Shell M42 with the MT Fuze M43. BRL Report No. 298, "Stability
and Resistance of 3-inch HE Snell M42A1 with PD Fuze T105 Type 6P, gives the form factor and stability
factor that were obtained in developing the CP Fuze. BRL Report No. 408, "Loss of Spin and Skin Friction
Drag of ProjectilEs", gives tae aial couple coefficient cbtained from firings of the HE Shell M42 with a
radio spin sonde in a dummy fuze having the same shape as the MT Fuze M43A2.
a. Drag.
Shell M42 M42AI
Fuze M48 T105 Type 6
Drag function G G6
Muzzle Velocity fps 2,700 2,680
Form factor 1.04 1.37
Ballistic coeffic.ent 1.368 1.066
Drag coefficient, KD 0.123 0.163
b. Stability.
Shell M42 M42A!
Fuze M43 T105 Type 6
Muzzle Velocity fps 2800 2600
Mach number 2,50 2.39
Moment coefficient, KM 0.991 0.79_4
Twist of rifling 1/32 1/40 1/32 1/40
Stability factor 2.03 1.30 2.45 1.57
6
FOR SHELL, HE, 76-MMK M42AI BRLH 76-1-42
7-8
c. Axial couple.
Shell M42
Fuze Radio sonde
Average velocity 1800 fps
Reynolds' number (based on 2.75 x
avg vel. and caliber)
Axial couple coefficient, KA 0.00585
Surface (without base) 96.5 sq in
Skin friction drag coefficient, 0.00218
DF
4
BRLH 76-1-42 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
- H- T- I
i-t-t~
I t _;
+-t+
ELEVATIN-MIL1A
0.9T
0 aoo400 60 80
8~ ,
FOR SHEL" i-F. 76-MM. M42AI BRLH 76.1.42
t-
1.2~ I~-LI -
4-- +1
I1 f I I I4
REUE33 4-
- 4-
ELVTITNMIL
200 4- 400 600r it0
-4-
97 I
+
BRL476-1-42 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
80
'-t-
hit~ý'
~i~ii4~4-y4 1 0
I -±-*4--~ -4--
0 0 -4: _
00
0 10
FOR 3HELL, HE. 76-MMK M42AI BRLH 7&1-42
1<' 0
1-44 .
(0 4.4
t
~-i4 J-i
0-
1(1)
ww
0-10
LL. 00
0
I 0f 0 0 0
00
111
BRLH 76-1-42 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
+ 4- - i4,-ý4
+
4-- -
LU
W FLLL
4
It EL 0
_0 -4
U) CY
_W -
I w in - ----- 0
55. z
_j --------
t <
z f II 1 11111;
Ir -- JI 1 11I JillI111
I
i.
LAj
7T 0 . I I I i 1 11
111 Jill
-T-
t I it
_44-
11111F 0
7f. fill R
I-Aim
_7 HH
Sd.4-A.UOO'13A *WNIV4831.L
0 0 0
8 9 a
12
SORui' XC-1-42
FOR SHELL. HE. 76-MKM. 42A1
48
4 V 4
+ -Ttt
4-0
11 fil3
BRLH 76-1-42 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
80
T o~
- +1r -1--
1 -44
00
F3R 9HF-IL Ps_ 76.N4M. ý1A21.i
SRLH 76 1-42
4- t- .
0
1A
-. 0~
11!
t+1-- d 4T~
111~AJ3UV~ 'V o.
T1 f~i~~.~1 .~T 0
Liw a. i..
-A
Ki4~tq991
Ii~
ow
0>0
i5r
BFZLH 76.!.42 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
-0
'ýT
-00
I tt
cr --0
uj
_j w -0
z -
M Z ev W
0
0
0 0
I CIO
T) o 1 1 H I
Eli
U. CL ----
w
w
0 INA
0
I INI
fill
if if 04
I -.-TFFTF_
II LL ++ V H
1VA 11H
SIONVA-103JA 39N
j+j-- -'# 0
0CID 0 0 0
16
FOR SHELL M 76-MK M42A] BRLH 76-1-42
TT
L
0
.0
0
Ow
fit
ui 7- -- ----
- CL m
- U. LUL. - ------
0
U.
uwj z I I I IOD
A++F, I
II III I Ilk "I
IIIN
L 11I KMJ
II1
1714
4t -----
S0HVA--W3iJ3 3eNViJ
H i HHHHH11
0
17
BRIM 76-1-42 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
If
t It
0---
--- -
00
188
011
BRL4 76,IA2
FOR sHELL HEý 76-MK N142AI
ýH+ -
lilt 4-H4+
F Iý--t
TTýr-'..
It II I
-1`ý I LI j
I f INL
U)
lilt
lfw w -11 10
111
11 1 1 h Ii I I
U. II I II 1 .11 1 t- t-4- -4
w
LL C)
LL CLI 4- -----
I I it
-Tl F
rT
lilt-
1 11+
I if
lilt Hr4+
it I
t ill 111, 11
if f I
I I I11 if.
t i il1tl1 I1 I if -5-1
1 l ilt V I If
I I %A1
I I It
ll -A
-7E " _L
7ý -T7 _-i_.
_7E LL
0
BRLH M6.1.42 BALUSTI17C AND ENGINEERING DATA
8S
L0
110
L 2L
II
200
FOR SHELL HE, 76.MN. M42AI BRLH 76-1-42
9
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Fragmentation .......- ..............-....------------------ 9
Effectiveness -.-.-.-- --- -I--------------------------------------10
Ricochet data -.-.-.----- -I-- - ----------------------------------- 11
Penetration - ------------------------------------------------ 12
9. Fragmentation. The data on fragmentation of the 76-mm HE Shell M42A1 were taken from
TM9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition' (Sep 1944) and Vol. IMI of "Terminal Ballistic Data!'
(Sep 1945). The initial !ragment velon' - is 2,260 fps.
a. Casualties.
TABLE 40
CASUALTIES
21
BRLH 76-4.42 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
CASUALTIES
0-
6/, -60"
60 -•"600
0° GROUND °
INCLINATION 00
HEIGHT OF BURST OFT
REMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS
0•
-. LINE OF 9 -.
* FIRE
00 GROUND 0
ATLEASTIHIT INCLINATION300
PER 4 SOFT HEIGHTOF BURST OFT
AT LEAST IHIT
PER IOSOFT REMAINING VELOCITY 815 FPS
22
"FORSHFLL. HE. 76-MK. M42AI BRLH 976-1-42
CASUALTI Eb
500•..i. 0°
LINE OF
FIRE
6C .60' ]
INCLINATION 300
HEIGHT OF BURST 3OFT
REMAINING VELOCITY 815FPS
SLINE OF
FIRE
ii
-60*
23
BRLH- 7&61-4' BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
M 5FIRE AREA
-REDUCEDCI4AIN
24H
FOR SHEIi. HE. 76-MM. M42A1 BRLH 76-1-42
9
TAELE 41
P=EF ORATMN OF 1/8 IN. MILD STEEL
25
BRLIH 76.1-42 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
6P
roo
30* -300
GROUND
INCLINATION 00
HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS
Oo
LINE OF 990
FIRE
26
FOR SHELL HE. 76-M.4 M42AI BRLH &6-1.42
9
GROUND°
iNCLINATION 30
HEIGHT OF BURST 3OFT
REMAINING VELOCITY 815 FPS
27
-ww~ -lI
I; fi28
FOR SHELL HL. 76.MM M42A1 E-,LH 76-1-42
IC. 12
10. --1-ectiveness. The following data were taken from Vol. m of "Tirininal Ballistic Data!'. They
pertain to the 76-mm HE Shell M42A1 with a PD, TSQ or MT Fuze, fired at a muzzle velocity of 2,700 fps.
11. Ricochet Data. The follkwirZg data were Laken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data". They
pertain to the 7T-mm HE Shell M42A1 with the PD Fuze M48 set for 0.05 sec delay, fired at a muzzle ve-
locity cf 2,700 fps (the PL, Fuze, M48A1, M48A2 and M51&4 have 0.15 sec delay).
TABLE 75
PE in
Ramge Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height
Fall P.,.covery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd rails mils yd ft ft
1,000 8 20 40 3 0
2,000 20 35 33 4 1
3,000 38 60 26 5
4,000 65 100 21 6 i
5,000 106 150 16 7 1
6,000 J63 210 12 7 2
7,000 233 260 9 7 2
8,000 315 300 6 6 1
9.0%0 407 315 4 4 1
12. Penetration. The daca on penetration of ccicrete by the HE Shell M42B1 with the CP Fuze M78
were taken from TM9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performancf of Ammunitiord. The data on penetration into
medimn earth and logs by the HE Shell M42A1 with the DP or CP Fuze were taken frdm Vol. III of "Termi-
4
nal Ballistic Data".
BRU4 76-1-4; BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
1 00
z00
1000
300 000
400 800
300
THCNS EIH IT
FOR SHELL. HE, 7&NIK M42AI BRLH 76-1-42
12
A-L+
+
111.2000
It
vy t ill
7--
.......... ...ID+ 1000
am
0
00
r
p 00
0
A:--A I Iff
I Yw/ z
a lilt I
of
vil /11
=100
so
GRAPH TARGET DIMENSIONS-IFT
THICKNESS HEIGHT WIDTH 0
A 7 10 15 TO 30
40
5 46 7.5
4-
0 5 10 15 TO 30
ý411:4
4- :qq
-4- D 3 4.5 7.5
I I 1 1. 1 1 T -1 _T't T--'-T T__r -144 TT:f JII + 20
4-T T T_
H-f- --
1-4 -4 1 1
31
Lr~t~:-
RANG
Y a 100
0 ~~~
900 200 301000 50 6
10 FT 32
BRLH 76-1-62
Section Paragraph
I General ----------------
II Description ------------ 2 - 4
III Interior ballistic data--- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data -- 6 - 7
V Effect data ------------ 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose ........- ................-.....------------------ I
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics, and effects of the 76-mm (3-inch) Armor-piercing Capped
Projectile M62AI with the Base Detonating Fuze M66A1, which contains a tracer composition. This infor-
mation is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this am-
munition.
BRLH 76&1.62 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
!I
w - !
II.. j)0
r---H---
al)
AI
FOR PROJEZTILE. APC. 76-MM. M62AI BRLH 76.1.62
2-4
SECTION II
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings ........- ................-...------------------ 2
Dimensions - - ..........---------
------ --------------------- 3
Physical characteristics -.-.-.---------------------- ---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Projectile: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-292
Fuze: Assembly 73-2-178
Details 73-2-179
Details 73-2-180
3. Dimensions.
Fuze: Length (outside) 0.42 cal
Band: Distance from base 0.274 cal
Width 0.346 cal
Body: Cylindrical length 1.82 cal
Ogival length (outside) 0.25 cal
Radius of ogival arc 1.273 cal
Cap: Length (outside) 0.40 cal
'Radius of ogival arc 7.00 cal
"Windshield: Length 1.92 cal
Radius of ogival arc 7.00 cal
Length: Ogive 2.57 cal
Projectile without fuze 4.39 cal
Projectile and fuze 4.81 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
3m
BRLH 76-1-62 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5.6
SECTION m
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
SECTION TV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- ..........-..------------------ 6
Firing table data .......- .............-..------------------ 7
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. The following results were obtained from resistance firings.
b. Stability. Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 427, "Stability of 3-inch Armor-piercing
Projectiles", gives the results obtained from stability firings of the 3-inch APC Projectile M62 with BD
Fuze M66A1 from the 3-inch Antitank Gun M5, whose twist of rifling is 1/40. The 76-mm Tank Gun M1A2
has a twist of rifling of 1/32.
4
FOR PROJECTILE. APC, 76-MMK M62AI BRLH 76-1.62
7
OCM Item 16167 standardized the 3-inch AP Projectile M62, which was lat2r called an APC Pro-
jectile. OCM item 18656 authorized its use in the 76-mm Gun Ml. The 76-mm Guns Ml and MIAI, with
1/40 twist, are now obsolete.
5
BRLH 76-1-62 BALUS11C AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
- INCH
3 GUN
H TT
1.10
4 4-'
f ill ill)
i+
-t-7t 4-4- 4-4-1
fill
1.0 'L6
t -44-
76-MM GUN
-T
+1
t F4,
1.00 44.+
I I t I I
T-r-, 7: tl'
2 ZI
T
I r Ulf
III .4
_t4- ELEVATION- MiILLý iii I if
0.9
50 100 150 200 I fit
r I II fill I II! III .4E ;if
l ilt f ill f ill fill
I If 1
I
7 ttTý-
I L11-1- _J
t
j, b.BALLISTIC COEFFICIENT- ELEVATION CURVES.
IIL
fit J
(PROJ TYPE 6)
1.8
4 fill
I i fI
_17
-4 I I I If
L-L-
76-MM G N 474
+ 4
4
if
t"I I T
T-ý
l# t- -H i
-i-
4ý
6
FOR PROJEGT1LE, APC. 76,MM. M62Ai BRLH1 76.1.62
________________,ELEVATION -RANGECUVS--.
#_ LL
Liz I J4++-
50W INC GU
lilt 4
l"01 -4 - -- -- -
- I, I. I - - - --
500W
-4-
RANGEGE.-ARSYARDS ~ -- ~t7
0 00 4000 6000 800OIitCI
4 1- ir
T-t-~- 1
-~ ~U)~ J7Vr
tL ;jjL
4-
FOR PROJECTILE. AMC 76.MP4 M62AI BRLH 776-1-62
37INCH
-M GUN 4-t
I '14-
44
.AGEYAD -, I
, J- 4-.* 4-- -
p -4i414i 1-~4 li
u4l .6M
_j
t
I _TT
I GUN j+
tLRANGE-YAO
If 'T 4
±4 -ti
-T-r~
RANGEi4PDS~f WMEFETS-I~ 76-MM -V-M GUN
0 ~~ 200 400 4O0 80
MV10ECS -IC U
_u4
FOR 1.ROJEC-11LE APQ_ 76-MM% M62A] I3RLH- 76-1-62
7
* 4
-76-MM GUN 4-i-
44
4 -4
*w 4 ___ j
_wl _11
BRLH 76-1.62 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration .......- ..............-......----------------- 8
8. Penetration.
a. Ballistic Limits of Armor Plate.
Tank Model HI IV VI
Attack Angle - deg 0 25 0 25 0 25
Frontal Turret Sides 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 2880 720
Turret Rear ---- - -------- 2880 720
Turret Front 4020 2930 4220 3080 * *
Upper Hull Front 3230 1740 3300 1740 1020 *
Lower Hull Front 2600 1180 3040 1600 * *
Flank Turret Sides 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000 2880 720
Turret Rear 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 2880 720
Turret Front 4020 2930 4220 3080 * *
Upper Hull Sides 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 2880 720
Lower Hull Sides 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 3980 3000
Rear Turret Sides 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 2880 720
Turret Rear 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 5000+ 2880 720
Turret Front 4020 2930 4220 3080 * *
Upper Hull Rear 3900 2860 5000+ 5000+ 2200 550
Lower Hull Rear 4220 3080 5000+ 5000+ 2200 550
*Not vulnerable.
12
Fu-ROEnLE. AMC 76-MM. M62A] BRLH- 7&1-62
RJR POJ~c8
-44
-44
771-
IIf
-
4:..
3-1
12 45I' i ++
50 i 4
T -
4
-4-±- -4--1
-4 1+44
'713
BRLH 76-1-62 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
F #
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
4- -4- -4-
_T r4-
-4- 11 1If
fi l l j! if
-T-r7T-
ANGLE 0 INC-MVICE 0 +
t if
If 1
+
4+4+
4 30* ifI "I fit
.4 1 14 4-
__4
3 '444 IV if I ++
I f j f
T
+H. r
t +v, -T,
----------- .-W ___ 'f
# #fl I If
14
FOR PROJECTILE, APC, 76-MM. M62AI BRLH- 76- 1.1,2
8
j.TOTAL NUMBER OF ROUNDS NECESSARY
TO OBTAIN 90%/ PROBABILITY OF AT LEAST -
f. Total Number of Rounds Necessary to Obtain 90% Prob~ability of Enough Bits to Make a Breach
~:12 Ft Wide in a Concrete Wall 10 Ft High. From TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition!'.
Mv 2600 fps
Range 1000 yd
Wall thickness 6 ft 10 ft
No. of rounds 100 180
BRLH 76-1-79
Section Paragraph
I General ------------------- 1
IT Description ---------------- 2 -4
III Interior ballistic data ------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data ------ 6 -7
V Effect data ----------------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose -- -I-------------------------------------------------1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
matiorn regarding th. shape, dynamics, ballistic, and effects of the 76-mrm (3-inch) Armor-piercing Shot M79
with Tracer. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, and firing tables pertaining to this
ammunition.
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawing . .. . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..-. . . ..----------------- 2
Dimensions .......- ......... .....-.. ...----------------- 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........-..----------------- 4
S BRI.H 76j.-79 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERII' G DATA
*I
• -I
t1J
42
= S
FOR SHOT, AP., 76-MM, M79 BRLH 76-1-79
2-5
2. Drawing.
S.2CTIO1% MI
INTERIO , bALLUSTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore - - ----- ----------------- 5
5. Theoretical yaw in bore.
Minimum 8 min
Maximum 12 min
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data -.-.--.------- ----.- ------- 4 .........-.....----------- 6
Firing table data .......- .............-...------------------ 7
BRLH 76-1-79 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
6-7
6. Aerodynamic datz.
a. Drag. A form factor of 1.05 relative to Projectile Type 1 was determined from resistance firings
at a muzzle velocity of 2600 fps. The corresponding oallistic coefficient is 1.59 on the G1 drag function. The
drag coefficient is 0.229 at 2600 fps.
b. Stability. No stability firings have been conducted with the 76-mm AP Shot 1M79. The stability
factor estimatea from that of the 37-mm Armor-piercing Shot M80 (Ballistic Research Laboratory Report
438, "Yaw and Drift of 37-mm Armor-piercing Shots") at a muzzle velocity of 2600 fps and a twist of rifling
of one turn in 40 calibers is 3.4.
7. Firing table data.
Gun 76-mm M1A2 (Tank) 3-inch M5 (Antitank)
Twist of rifling 1/32 1/40
Muzzle velocity 2600 fps 2600 fps
FT 76-A-6 (p. 18) 3-T-1 (Abridged)
OCM items 17458 and 17523 recommended and approved calssiflcation of the 3-inch AP Shot M79
as substitute standard (the APC Projectile M62, which is mlore difficult to manufacture, is standard). OCM
items 19052 and 19204 recommended and approved its use in the 76-mm Gun M1. The 76-mm Guns Ml and
MIAl, with 1/40 twist, are now obsolete.
a. Form factor (Projectile Type 1): lI = 1.05.
b. Ballistic coefficient (Projectile Type 1): C1 = 1.59.
4
FOR SHOT. AP., 76-MM, M79 BRLH 76-1-79
7
4 f l
II - I
-v tT.
610.
40 I i
-i+ -i
20-
I I~ 4l
If
00
T
9-
BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
BRLH 76-1-79
7
P-60 If I
if .1
T-F
-F-F-T-T TT 7
4+1+
If
2000-7-
Iswo
lit
L
1600 N I I
1P.0c I fill
1000-1 it
lit If
lit-
-4-
74GE - YARDS
I III 1 -7-r
7. TT-
Soo. -
1) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
FOR SHOT, AP. 76.MM. M79 BRLH 76.1-79
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetratiox ........--- .............- -..---- ------------------- 8
8. Penetration.
!'
BRLH 76-1-93
Secticn Paragraphs
I General ----------------- I
HI Description -------------- -4
III Interior ballistic data ----- 5
SIV Exterior ballistic data ---- 6 - 7
V Effect dat.--------------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose -.-.-.-.-- ---.--.--.--- - -, .......... 1
1. purpose. The purpose of thiký nlmber of the haildbook is to furnish a conc'se collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics ard effects of the 76-mm Hypervelocity Armor-pierciig
Shot M93 with Tracer. This information is collected from the drawlngE, reportz, and firing tables pertain-
ing to this aznmunition and to earller experimeltal models of the T4 series (the M93 Shot was designated
T4F20).
SECTION U
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings ........- ...............-....------------------- 2
Dimensions- -.-.-.-------- ----- ------- ----- ------- ----- ---------- -3
Physical characteristics ------- ------- ------.-------.-- ------------- 4
LI
BRLH 76.1-93 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
[2
0Ito
400
00
z 00
I n
to!
Oiil
- 4t
+
_ .. -4
FOR SHOT. HVAP. 76-MK. M93 BRLH 76-1-93
2-5
2. Drawings.
Metal parts assembly 75-2-361
Metal parts details 75-2-362 and 363
3. Dimensions.
Band: Distance from base 0.40 cal
Width 0.37 cal
Base and body: Length of base 0.86 cal
Length of body and bourrelet 0.83 cal
Length of bourrelet ring 0.17 cal
Length of base, body and bourrelet 1.69 cal
Windshield: Length 1.96 cal
Radius of arc 0.83 cal
Vertical angle of cone 28.68 deg
Shot: Total length 3.65 cal
Core: Diameter, 1.50 in
4. Physical characteristics.
Weight of shot with tracer 9.31 lb
Weight of shot without tracer 9.30 lb
Weight of core 3.95 lb
Base to center of gravity* 1.178 cal
Axial moment of inertia* 8.54 lb. in
T-'ansvers.e moment of inertia* 44.2 lb. in2
*Calculatad from the dimensions of the HVAP Shot T4E1, which is approximately the same shape as
the M93 Shot, but weighs 9.97 lb and has a 3.98-lb core.
SECTION III
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore -.-.- - - -------- ----- ------ - - --------- 5
5. Theoretical yaw in bore.
Minimum 8.5 min
Maximum 13.6 min
BRLH 76-1-93 BALiJSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
6.7
SECTON TIV
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- ...........- -...-------------------- 6
Firing table data .......- ...........- -...-------------------- 7
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag.
b. Stability.
Shot T4E17
Muzzle Velocity 3440 fps
Moment coefficient (KM) 0.67
dun, 76-mm MIAl M1A2
Twist of rifling 1/40 1/32
Stability factor 1.44 2.25
4
FOR SHOT, HVAP, 76-MM. M93 BRLH 76.1-93
7
4
i- IL- I I
IC l il I
t i t IL
-t I i fI
~~II
4- +
-T -T-
tI A l
14 =I At II,I±I I
tC III . ll i il il 11 f l
RANG -YARDS
-44 10 0020 L500 00 30
Z5
RIF,!
---------- 4+
,4
I T
5
lilt
+
LI
3500
4- -
3000 1 0, tI -3
---- vl t
lilt
U.,
+
U.
P.Boc 0
_j
_W
>
_j TII
RANG YA
150 LH7 I I 1 0
0; 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3-300
FOR SHOT, HVAP, 76-MM, M93 BRLH 76-1-93
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration ........- ..............-....------------------ 8
8. Penetration. The chart on page 8 was taken from Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 533,
"Penetration of Armor by 76-mm and 90-mm HVAP Projectiles".
BRLH 76-1-93 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEEWNG DATA
4000-- 7-
yl
0ýt
/ 14-
,J,
3000 -
II if I I 1 .1 A
J
7
if
....
.
I vi
.
..
t]
:r, 7
L _.( -------
4
r T--
2000
I 1 14-
8
[IuF iIjw L!. TjJ'i1I3 ___
BRLH 81-1.43
I
Section Paragraph
I General -------------------- 1
I1 Description ----------------- 2 - 4
III Exterior ballistic data -------- 5 - 6
IV Effect data ------------------ 7
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose ........- ...............-.....-------------------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of Infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 81--mm High Explosive Shell M43 with the
Point Detonating Fuze M45 and the 81-n:mm High Explosive Shell M43A1 with the Point Detonating Fuze M52
or M52A1. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals
pertaining to this ammunition.
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings ........- ..............-......------------------ 2
Dimensions .......- ..............-...-------------------- 3
Physical characteristics -- -------------- ----- ------- ----- ----- 4
BRLH 81-1-43 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
rf)w
,i a
-J
2~. 2
FOR SHELL HF. 81-MM M43 AND M43AI BRLH 81-1-43
2-4
2. Drawings.
Complete round, HE Shell M43 with PD Fuze M45:
Assembly and marking diagrain 75-1-47
Complete round, HE Shell M43A1 with PD Fuze M52:
Assembly and marking diagram 75-1-88
Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-261
Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-262
PD Fuze M45: Assembly 73-1-143
PD Fuze M52 or M52AI: Assembly and details 73-1-161
3. Dimensions.
Fins: Number 6
Length (omitting front slope) 0.66 cal
Length of assembly (outside) 0.96 cal
Shell: Radius of arc behind bourrelet 8.78 cal
Radius of arc in front of bourrelet 1.33 cal
Length of rear part 1.64 cal
Length of bourrelet 0.32 cal
Length of front part 0.36 cal
Length of adapter (outside) 0.10 cal
Total length 2.42 cal
SECTION m
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- .........-..------------------ 5
Firing table data - -8------------------ ----------------- --------- 6
\3
ORLH 81-143 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5
2
w___
4z 4
fFOR SHELL HE. 81-MK. M43 AND M43AI BRLH 81-1-43
5
/0
41 -- 1i I~
,I
hi I T-
~FT -- T T 4.1 0
UHT
I1f
Tj 0
0 71
BRLH 81-1-43 BAW.STMC AND &N NEE~RING DATbA
-tt44
I~~i -----------
I6
0t
FOP SHELL HE, 81-MIN MA3 AND M43AI BRLH 81-1-43
6
0 235 .55
1 332 .69
2 419 .78
3 499 .72
4 572 .75
5 638 .77
6 700 .84
b. Ballistic coefficient data. The following ballistic coefficients relative to Projectile Type 1 were
determined from the ranges tabulated in FT 81-B-2 for an elevation of 450.
0 235 1.230
1 332 0.984
2 419 0.861
3 499 0.944
4 572 0.906
5 638 0.881
6 700 0.802
gill
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIýiiiiiiiiiiimý
-T-TFF
I Al I lu 1 11
xI I I X IX
l1v I I
5 NI I
60 w
Us 11
2 7#
41 -- T I i
I I It
I I It IN! 1 1 Ml
50 z AM
uI
> -
w
w
40
ti
RANGE-YAROS J
30 ----
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
8
FOR SHELL HE. 81-MM. M43 AND M43AI BRU-I 81.1-43
6
.4 11 F A
T9
CHRE M
BRLH 81.1-43 BALI.STIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
SECTION IV
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Fragmentation -.- - - ----------------.---- ----------------------- 7
7. Fragmentation. The data on fragmentation of 81--mm HE Shell M43A1 were taken from "Terminal
Ballistic Data", Vol. MI. The initial fragment velocity is 3,930 fps.
a. Casualties.
TABLE 42
CASUALTIES
•4
10
FOR SHELI_ HE 81-MK M43 AND M43AI BRLH 81.1-43
7
3 -------
of I I------- - 4 5
1.6 11 1 IA I .I If Il ____
i v i- I II It I. .
I II It] I IF III AI
II II I III fill IA 11 1
U) fII ItI I i 11
I I I IF
I IA
0-
IFI
+ 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1
1.4 uo* I I II I'A If II pI I
I IA
I IF
I lit II It
A I II
CL IFI I I I I
AII III
_j
1. J
If 1111
1.0 z F I1 10'
II
A I
60, 1 11
Iv
ppl- fi l l I
RANGE-YARD'24,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - .- _W IIIIIIII III
0.611 1 11
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
BRLH 81.1.43- BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
TABLE 43
PERFORATION OF 1/8 IN. MILD STEEL
Average For the lightest
Distance Total number number of effective fragment
from burst of effective effective frag- Weight Velocity
(ft) fragments ments per sq ft (oz) (fps)
r N B In v
20 541 0.108 0.027 2970
30 413 0.0418 0.036 2670
40 407 0.0202 0.047 2430
60 282 0.0062 0.073 2090
80 164 0.0020 0.105 1870
100 88 0.0007 0.146 1720
120 58 0.0003 0.197 1530
140 40 0.0002 0.258 1420
180 23 0.0001 0.399 1240
12
FOR SHELL. HE. 81-MM. M43 AND M43AI BRLH 81-1-43
7
-- ---
-------
BRLH 8 1-1-43 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
'ItIIIIIIIII,Illl it1
t i i l I li , I I I 1i
BRLi 81-1-56
Section Paragraphs
I General -----------------..- 1
U1 Description ------------------ 2 - 4
.rI Exterior ballistic data -------- 5 -7
IV Effect data ------------------ 8-9
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose --- -I-----------------------------------------------
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 81-ram High Explosive Shell M56 with
the Point Detonating Fuze M53, M53A1 or M52A1, and with the Time and Superquick Fuze M77. This infor-
mation is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this
ammunition.
SECTION II
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings - -.------------------------------------ - -.-.- -.--.-- 2
Dimensions ........- ..............-.....------------------ 3
Physical characteristics --.-.-.---.-------------------- -"- - - -- - - 4
BRLH 81.1.56 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
-7.157
6.417- - -7"40
1.693-- 4.539
3&855 -- .684
T.637
1.693- •54.539 ! .18-"
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-283
Fins: Assembly and details 75-2-277
Increment, Propellant M2 or M2A1, and Holder:
Assembly and details 71-12-16
Fuze M53 or M53Al: Assembly and details 73-) -165
Fuze M52Al: Assembly and details 73-1-161
Fuze M77: Assembly 73-3-171
Complete Round: Assembly and marking diagram,
With Fuze M53 75-1-97
With Fuze M77 75-1-97
Rirg for adapting shell to Fuze M77 73-3-175M
3. Dimensions.
Fins: Number 12
Length 0.549 cal
Length of assembly (outside) 1.693 cal
Shell: Length of rear part 1.196 cal
Length of rear bourrelet 0.395 cal
Length of front bourrelet 0.304 cal
Length of ogival part 0.684 cal
Radius of ogival arc 1.997 cal
Total length 4.539 cal
Adapter: Length (outside) 0.185 cal
Ring: Length 0.217 cal
Fuze: Length (outside) of M53 0.740 cal
M5SA1 0.737 cal
M52A1 0.753 cal
M77 1.188 cal
Length: Shell, adapter, and fin assembly 6.417 cal
Same with Fuze M53 7.157 cal
Same with Fuze M77 7.637 cal
4. ")hysical characteristics.
S
With Fuze M53: Weight (standard) 10.62 lb
CG to juncture of adapter and fuze 2.324 cal*
With Fuze M77: Weight (standard) 11.62 lb
*The National Bureau of Standards located the center of gravity of a projectile filled with carbon
tetrachloride, whose specific gravity is 1.61 at 22 0C (Lyman J. Briggs, "Report on Aerodynamic characteristics
of the 60-mm Mortar Projectile M49A2 and the 81-mm Mortar Projectile M56f', N.B. of S. VI-4/64, 1942).
3
BP11i 81-1-56 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5
t 7 -17
OP., CENTER OF PRESSURE TO JUNCTURE OF ADAPTER AND FUZE
44+
it I IIII I 111 11
I _T I I
It
06 P
tE
LL
YAW DES It I
0 10 id-
lilt
ItI I I
.25
It
ft-
K ;00;7
-toq 'ýD
I too
4
FOR SHELL HE. 81-MM. M56 BRLH 81.1.56
5-6
SECTICN II
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- .............-...------------------ 5
Firing table data: PD Fuzes ......- .........---...--------------- 6
Firing table data: TSQ Fuze ......- .......- -.--------------- 7
5. Ae-odynamic data. The aerodynamic coefficients shown graphically on page 4 were computed
from the forces and torques measured by the Bureau of Standards in a wind tunnel at a velocity of 100 fps
(see par. 4).
6. Firing table data: PD Fuzes.
FT 81-C-2. (Part I).
Mortars, 81-mm, Ml and M21; Smooth bore: Muzzle loading. Projectile weight: 10.62 lb. OCM
items 15627 and 15674 recommended and approved standardization of the HE Shell M56 with PD Fuze M53
for the 81-mm Mortar Ml. 0CM items 28162 and 78822 recommended and approved standardization of this
ammunition foi the 81-mm Mortar M21; OCM item 31408 restandardized it after further development of the
mortar., FT 81-Q-2 (abridged) is a range-elevation table for the 81-mm Mortar T27, which is the M21
Mortar without the Extension Tube and is used with charges 1 and 2 at short ranges. OCM items 24288 and
24598 recommended and approved the classification of the PD Fuze M52A1 as suustitute standard for the
HE Shell M56.
5
BRLH 81-1-56 BALL1511C AND ENGINEEFUNG DATA
6
1.30 4-4
6 F 0 M FACTOR -ELEVATION CURVES
T-
(PROJ TYPE 1)
t-t-
-ý4 Ll 4ý
1-1- -71
#
++ - -1 t I-I
1.20 4-
+H4- -::r_
Ifil Fr
444+
4
1.10
i If
I NL I
1.00 IN
a
li lt s
fill
I I if t -4+4-
0.9
tHl
------- ELEVATION DE(
0.6 to -
30 40 50 60 70 so 90
1.10
L -4-
lo
1.00- C,
IfIf
17-1 11 !-4-T
4
OL90
TT
it
ELEVATION-DEG
0.8 30 4-0 50 60 6 70 so 90
FOR SHELI- HE 8 I-MK M56 BRLH 81-1-56
6
-T
90
-++
zELEVATION- RANGE CURVES t
+
41T
I till
I II Li
bo IN4
II i if if
CHARM MV
I Ilk
II
3MFM
0 ----- - 2 412 FPS
3 502FPS
60 - IN
4 583FPS
i ittttti . . I i ! i
W . V i
11 fil l I
fill ?
lif
2- 74 !:1
-f IIiIIN II 1 fill I
)Ill I
lif
I 11
T illw !i
4 11IOD11
Af- -
fill
4
20
If
10 w -+4- - - ---- --
J-
-
P - ----- ------ :DZI 41
-T--j t
-T
4 1'-14
80 J-
-f- &6ELEVATION-RANGE CURVES
COMPUTED BY EMPIRICAL FORMULAS
14
I I'ILI
70
CHARGE MV
ID FPS
1 300
2 399FPS
3 482FPS
60 Z
0 L A- -- 4 557FPS
.4
RANGE-YARDS-
40- -4
500 1000 15W 2000 25 0
-1177777-1
41-1
40 ILI
U)
:3
30 -IL
w
T- -F IT +
2
4141- L1-1-
RANGE 1 Fi-
NARE S
o 500 1000 1500 8 20co 2500
BRLH 81-1-56
FOR SHELL HE. 81-MKt M56 8
SECTION r;
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
8, Fragmentation. The data on fragmentation of the 81-mm HE Shell M56 were taken from TM9-1907,
"Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition' (Sep 1944) and Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data!' (Sep 1945".
The initial fragment velocity is 6,180 fps.
a. Casualties.
TABLE 44
CASUALTIES
r N B m v
CASUALTIES
INCLINATION O0
S~HEIGHT OF BURST O FT
REMAINING VELOCITY FPS
00 GROUND 0
SLINE OF_,
SFIRE
INCLINATION 69
AT LEASTI HIT HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
PER 4 SQ.FT. REMAINING VELOCITY 459FPS
*00 AT LEAST IHIT
PER IOSQ. FT.
10
F
2mm My
It 7 1 306 FOS
Il 412 FFPS
a -4 -LL j
lilt I 502FPS
4 5 83FPS
11111l i ft -1 -I t I 1 I1FT-FT
1111 11 11 1 i t ]
H + I III till IIljj1- ± IjIj yj
lilt
l i l tII I lilt
III 3 M4:F4T
,
I
I I I lilt I I _7
It F f I I I I
+; I -F H ý-L
x"
I .- I-F) r
1 1 A 1 1-1
1 01 lit
it
T-vr-
+ IT
------
-H -- Ll,!!f
- - - - - -
ýp'
-U.
oo
- - - - - - - - - ---------- - - - - - -
-- - - - - --- ------- -
/I IA I
0.9--- lilt
I II oli ----------
i7T-
TI
44+::F----------
I oir
V Il-
I
---------
0.8--- I I
4+4--
I FT-
I-FI I --
It
RANGE- YARDS
IIIIII I -M
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
BRLU- 81.1-56 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
TABLE 45
PERFORATION OF 1/8 IN. MILD STEEL
12
0
FOR SHELL HE. 81.MK. M56 BRLH 81-1-56
8
60"04
3v*
a, GRU"
0°
-3v~
GROUND
INCLINATION 0O
HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY OFPS
00
60 -600
_.,LINE OF ._1
FIRE
00.
00 GROUND 0
INCLINATION 64*
HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
PER 4ASOIHFT REMAINING VELOCITY 459 FPS
IAT LEAST"I HIT
PER 10 SQ FT
13
BRLH 811-.56 BALUSTI7C AND ENGINEERING DATA
+z4+iI f
I0 J l
o1 5001 00 200 50
116001 30
14f llI
fil
FOR SHELL HE. 81-MM. M56 BRL-14 811-156
151
BRLH- 8 1.1-56 BALUJSTC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9 ''
ADO~~~~9 PENETRATIONITOARHCVRN(FNYTO- _
2 4M2 PS
+HH16
BRLH 81-1-57
Section Paragraphs
I General --------------------- 1
H1 Description ----------------- 2 -4
III Exterior ballistic data -------- 5 -8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concisc cnllection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 81--mm Smoke Shell M57 with the Point Detonating
Fuze M52 or M52A1 and with the Time and Superquick Fuze M77. This informaticn is collected from the
drawings, reports, and firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.
SECTION II
DESCRIPTION
Ppregraph
Drawings . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . . ..------------------- 2
Dimension•s . . . .. ...- ... . . .. .... ...-.. . ..------------------ 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---..---------------- 4
BRLH 81-1.57 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
-"~~' 7157 ..
"_
- _.417 =_ .7406"1
- 1.6934.3
3.855 81
SHELL,SMOKE, 81-MM,M57
FUZE ,PD, M52
- b7.637
3.855 68
2
FOR SHELL SMOKE 81-MM. M57 BRLH 81-1.57
2-4
"2.Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly and detalls 75-2-284
'Fins: Assembly and detaili 75-2-277
Increment, Propellant, M2 or M2A1, and Hold.~r:
Assembly and details 71-12-16
Fuze: Assembly and details 73-.? -161
Complete Rounds: Assembly and marking diagram,
With Fuze M52 and FS 75-1-94
With Fuze M52 and WP 75-1-93
With Fuze M77 and FS 75-1i-198
With Fuze M77 and WP 75-3 -199
Ring for adapting shell to Fuze M77 73-S3-175M
3. DImenslons.
Fins: Number 12
Length 0.549 cal
Length of assembly (outside) 1.693 cal
Shell: Length of rear part 1.196 cal
Length of rear bourrelet 0.395 cal
Length of front bourrelet 0.304 cal
Length of ogival part 0.684 cal
Radius of ogival arc 1.997 cal
Total length 4.539 cal
Adapter: Length (outside) 0.185 cal
Ring: Length 0.217 cal
Fuze: Length (outside) of M52 0.740 cal
M52A1 0.753 cal
M77 1.188 cal
4. Dhysical characteristics.
a. Chemtical charges.
(1. Fuming Spray: A liquid, which turns to smoke when released.
(2) White Phosphorus: A pale yellow solid. A layer of 1/8 inch of water is included in th= charge.
When released, this forms a white smoke, which is poisonous.
b. Weights. The standard weights of the fuzed projectiles are:
3
_ BIR4L 81-.157 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERUNG DATA
5-6
SECTION MI
EXTERIOR B3ALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data 5
Firing table data (FS) PD Fuze .......-... ..----------
- - - ------- 6
Firing table data (WP): PD Fuze .....- --...---.-.------ - --------- 7
Firing table data (WP): TSQ Fuze- - -------------------- 8
5. Aerodynamic data. Since the Smoke Shell M57 has the same shape as the High Explosive Shell
;A56, its drag coefficient and cross wind force coefficient should be the same. These are given in OH 81-1-56.
The position of the center of gravity and consequently the moment coefficient may be different with the chemi-
cal charges from what they are with the high explosive charge; they have not been measured with the chemical
charges.
4
OR 9HELL SM')KE, 8.-MKM. 57 BRLH- 81-1-57
6
f I
-00
7.11
3 ý
tf
1.001
*ELEVATION - O
. . . . . . .
H44+ It
4-VT~~ -
14 ! 0 60 5 0 80s 90
BRLH 81.1-57 BALUSTIC AND ENCINEEMNIC DATA
6
so CHARGE
IV
I I It IN
:p
2
291 FPS
390FPS
3 472FPS
4- A 4 544FPS =t-
T- 4-
III V
Tv- N I 1
IN 4f t
0- XI 44 ý+4
44ý-
fit ILIL
I
60-
w 4- 4 -i-
4- t
iH
it t LIL- -L41 3 t
40 4- 4- A--,'
4
C.)
-W ITIME OF FL*HT RANGE CURVES
fit FS: PD FUZE
+
4ý:
-44
30 +
73 H
+
ILL
0 J- +
4- ti
+ --
2
7
tf- tt
-41
10
4-- r 4-4- 4-
T- Tt -T-
J IT
GE-'YARDS H I
fitIf t 4 -1
%10 500 1000 15000 2000 2500
FOR SHELL SMOKE. 81-MM. M57 BRU-I 81-1-57
7
13FF ABLE I~A(wt: PuL /_L1
IFT
FIRNG
81-C-2 (PARTl) 44
1± -+ V PROJECTILE WEIGHT: 11.361 P~..-
~-rT-- ý f j. (FOR MORTARS AND OCM1v1 TEMS, SEE PAR.6)
4- ,FORM rACTOR -ELEVATION GLIRVES(PRO~j )
1YE
tt}I
-4 di
1.0~~~:- T9FPS!i-~ t,
t4 4+
~~XI
3r-r
I--s
41.100
3 44484FPS~P
ELEVATION - DEG4*
40 9Ds0eos
tlIH7l
BRLH 81.1-57 BALUSnC AND ENGINEEMNG DATt-
7
5 if 'If 4
ri
-4
44 44Z j It
40
-4-T
L L4,
_T
fL.TIME 7UFI'-'LfGRT IqWRGE:c CU VES
L
WP: FD FUZE Tr
30
U. 1+
20 4-
-4 2
+ t
L
if + 1 1
i4l
it
RANGE YAR f j__
L T
0 500 ow 15co 2000 2500
8
FOR SHELL. SMOKE. 8I-'AM. M57 BRLH 81-1-57
1-4 NG TABLE
87TT:; T.WP1SQ.FZ
f d
- tiCHARGE
~'i~ MV 4t~
~~ 3 8 1GFPS t~
3 44FP
I II
LIt
ii-'
4 4
0 001w 00 20
T_9
- ~--T ý- - -- _= --- -
Section Paragrap.x
I General -------------------- 1
IT Description ----------------- 2 -4
IHI Interior ballistic data -------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data ------- 6 - 7
V Effect data ------------------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose .... . ...- .. .. . .. . . . . .. . ..-. . .. ..------------------ I
1. Purpose. The purpose of th's number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of LIfor-
mation regarding the shape, dynarnics, ballistics, and effects of the 90-mm Armor-piercing Shot T33 with
Trace;. This information it collected irom the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals
pertaining to this ammunition.
DATA
BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING
BRLH 90.I-T33
II
00
D
C
So
-J-
4C
20
I
SECTION II
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings .. .. ....- . . . . .. .. ... . . . ..-.. ..------------------ 2
Dimnt-nsions . . . . . ...- . . . .. .. ... . . ..-. . . ..------------------ 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---..---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shot: Metal parts assembly and details 75-2-388
Body 75-18-44A
Windshield 75-18-51A
3. Dimensions.
Band: Distance from base 0.282 cal
Width 0.336 cal
Body: Cylindrical length 1.951 cal
Ogival length 0.829 cal
Radius of ogival arc 1.496 cal
Windshield: Length 1.946 cal
Radius of ogival arc 9.0] 5 cal
Length: Ogive 2.207 cal
Shot 4.158 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
Weight (standard) 24.06 lb
Base to center of gravity 1.241 cal 2
Axial moment of inertia 35.64 lb.in 2
Transverse moment of inertia 191.4 lb.in
SECTION Im
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
P -agraph
Theoretical yaw in bore- - ----- ------------------- 5
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- ...........- -....------------------- 6
Firing table data .......- ...........- -....------------------- 7
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. The followhng data were obtained by resistance firings (see Ballistic Research Laboratory
Memorandum Reports 336, "Ballistics of 90-mm AP Shot T33", and 347D, "Stability Factor of 90-mm Shot
T30E15, and Form Factors of 90-mm Shot T30E15, APC Projectile M82, and AP Shot T33").
4
FOR SHOT, AP. 90-NMM. T33 8RLH 90.1-T33
7
- - - - - -
-
+44
4ý-I
w4 7Tr~I I
...
.......
.... ....z:j t7...
U ~iL ~yij~i~i- RAGE -YARDS - 1
0 20yj 400 600 800 L
r BRLH 90-1-T33
7
BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
280
0-0
FOR SHOT. AR, 90-MM, T33 BRLH 90-I.T33
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration ........- ..............-.....------------------ 8
8. Penetration. According to OCM item 26320, the 9)0-mm AP Shot T33 with a muzzle velocity of
2800 fps will penetrate the front glacis plate of the German 'Panther' Ta:.k (Panzerkampfwagen V). The
armor plate penetraticn - velocity curves, taken from Vol. MIIof "Terminal Ballistic Data", are shown on
the next page.
BRLH 90-1-T33 BALLISMi AND ENGINEERINGJ DATA
8
8PENETRATION
& - VELOCITY CURVES
HOMOGENEOUS ARMOR PLATE
H- L
tt4"
Z., --Z -:.
55
- I
Section Paragraphs
I General ---------------------- 1
II Description ------------------ 2 - 4
III Interior ballistic data --------- 5 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 - 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
E~aj!raph
Purpose --- -------------------------------------------------
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics and ballistics of the 90-mm High Explosive Shcll M58 and M58BI
with the Mechanical Time Fuze M43A5. This information is collected from the drawing3, reports a:d firtng
tables pertaining to this ammuniton.
B3LHO~I-5OBALLISTI AND ENCINEERING DATA
*1o
to
0:
~~ If
FOR SHELL HE. 90-MM. M58 BRLH 90-1-58
2-4
SECTION U
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings -.- . . . . .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . ..- . .-. - .-. 2
D im ensio s . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - -
..-.- - - -. -. - ..------ 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---..---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly and details 75-18-39
Booster M20: Assembly and details 73-2-112
Fuze: Assembly and details 73-7-29
3. Dimensions.
B oattail: Angle 70005
Length 0.50 cal
Band: Width 0.34 cal
Distance from base 0.74 cal
Distance from boattail 0.24 cal
Cylindrical body: Length 1.73 cal
Ogive: Length 1.30 cal
Radius of arc 8.95 cal
Fuze: Outside length 1.05 cal
Length: Shell 3.53 cal
Shell and fuze 4.58 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.35 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
Mean weight: Marking U 20.67 lb
Marking f (Standard) 21.00 lb
Marking EU[ 21.33 lb
Base to center of gravity* 1.789 cal 2
Axial moment of inertia* 0.2528 lb.ý
Transverse moment of inertia* 2.499 lb. ft
*From Ballistic Research Laboratory Report No. 165.
3
BRLH 90.1-58 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5
A B
SECTION
A 8
-910
-208y - 512
+515
-÷J
//LONGITUDINAL,
Paragraph
Stresses - ------ ----- ----- ------- ----- ------- ----- ----- --- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore ---.---- ------- ------- --- -------
..- 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical rep-esentatic!. or. page 4 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential resultant stress at each of two sections: (A, the rear corner of the band seat and
(B) the front of the band seat.
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
5
7-U4
9o-!-58 ALLMSTIC AND ENGIN.ERIN4G DATA
S1-.8
7. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. The trajectories for the 90-mm Guns MI, MIAl and M2, on antiaircraft mounts, were based
on the G2 drag function. The form facors, determined fror. range firings, are given in paragraph 8a.
b. StablUty. Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 165, "Stability of 90-mm Shell 1", gives
the results of stability firings of the HE Shell M58 (T3) with inert F'uze M48 from the 90-ram Gun T2, which
was rifled with a twist of one turn in 30 calibers. From these results, the foll, ving data were calculated for
the HE Shell M58, with MT Fuze M43, fired frcm the 90-mm Guns 141, MIAl and M2:
c. Drift. The defection due to drift, for a muzzle velocity of 2700 fps and a twist of' -. _'ag of one
turn in 32 clibes, is tabulated in :WT 90AA-A-1, Part 2. Tabias C-I and C-2.
g.8
FOR SHELL HE. 90-MK. M58 BRH9--8
-It
0
rJ 0
W0
I tU + 11 114 11--0
TA0
4 0
7L
BRLH 90-1-58 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
fill
I I IA I
11-4
.
11
1IIf
f IfI II
IA I I I
If I I if
10
w cm cn- fill
I0co
W CL I fill
a. LL I It
Z 0 it
w 10
S2 I r I
LL
U-<> 12-8
fill I II
I I i IF
Sn
w x
0 Jill I
if If.
If ill if ------ - >
if! 1111 1 1 If : if 0co
if
41 if
It-ti !it
CO fill I J-1 11
f i t ff i t
j!JiJ11 It II IIII if
II ! t
I
I
: f
1 I
1 If
1 I
1f
!1 ! ! I J I
I l
tl
; it
1
I 1
I fill I!,,i; 1
itI iI
l!
lt
i i
t!
i l
'f
t
ItIýf I itI: I If ; III
Ii ! II if, I
I I it .11 !j I II I! '' ilt-4 -
it it fitill
tttttt Ijit
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i i )f
'i
fl
il
tIIt
III I
-II
I[
,
Ilt,
If I
11,
20 -.LN3101:1:1300 OUSI
4+1 i 1
too
BRLH 90.1-71
Section Paragraphs
I General -------------------- I
II Description ------------------ 2 -4
III Interior ballistic data --------- 5 -6
IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 7 -9
V Effect data ------------------ 10 - 13
SECTION I
GENERAL
Pararr.Luh
Putrpose --- -------------------------------------------------
1. Purpose. 7he purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise ?cýlleLz::n f .nf:r-
mation regarding tne shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 90-mm High Explhsive 31.ell _
the Mechanical Time Fuze M43A5, the Point Detonating Fuze M48, M48A1, M48A2 or lJ1IA4, th.e i, ant
Superquick Fuze M54, and tihe Concrete Piercing Fuze M78. This information is collected fr-nm the draw-
ings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammuniticn.
[1
BRLH 90-1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
r- - --- 4.58 -
-- 1.732.35
7~!
.5- 0.74"•.•-
2
S
"1'-- -1.30- 1.05
3.53
458
1.73 2"05-
,3.53 -•
SECTION IU
DESCRIPTION
Pa-agraph
Drawings . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . . . . ..------------------ 2
Dimensions .. . . . ..- . .. . ... . . . . . ..-....-------------------- 3
Physical characteristics- - ----- ------------------ 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly 75-18-42
Booster, M20A1: Assembly and details 73-2-112
Booster, M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154
Fuze, MT, M43A5: Assembly and details 73-7-29
Fuze, PD, M48, M48A1 and M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140
Fuze, PD, M51A4: Assembly 73-2-145
Fuze, TSQ, M54: Assembly 73-3-154
Fuze, CP, M78: Assembly and details 73-2-214
Note: The MT, PD, and TSQ Fuzes require one of the Boosters; but the CP Fuze contains their
working parts. The TSQ Fuze M54 and the Booster M21A4 are components of the TSQ Fuze M55A3, dwg
73-3-155.
3. Dimensions.
Boattall: Angle 7°00'
Length 0.50 cal
Band: Distance from boattall 0.24 cal
Distance from base 0.74 cal
Width 0.34 cal
Cylindrical body: Length 1.73 cal
Ogive: Length 1.30 cal
Radius of arc 8.95 cal
Shell, unfuzed: Length 3.53 cal
Fuze, MT, Mt3A5; PD, M48, M48A1, M48A2 or
M51A4; or TSQ, M54:
Outside length 1.05 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.35 cal
Shell and fuze 4.58 cal
Fuze, CP, M78: Outside length 0.75 cal
Radius cf arc 2.26 cal
Ogive and
Shell fuze
and fuze 2.05
4.28 cal
cal
BRLH 90.1.71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERNG DATA
4-5
4. Physical characteristics.
a. MT, PD and TSQ Fuzes. The weight, location of center of gravity, and moments of inertia of the
HE Shell M71 with any of these fuzes are approximately the same as those
lbr1of the Shell (TS) with the
MT Fuze M43, which arE tabulated below.
Mean weight: Marking a 23.07 lb
Marking a] a (standard) 23.40 lb
SMarking U U 0 23.73 lb
Base to center of gravity 1.742 cal
Axial moment
Transverse of inertia
moment of Inertia 0.2753 lb.ft
2.627 ib.ft 2
b. CP Fuze. The HE Shell M71 with the CP Fuze weighs 0.34 lb more than with the other fuzes.
Its other characteristki.s would also be slightly different, but have not been measured.
SECTION III
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Stresses ..........-..............------ ----------------- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore ......- ...........---..---------------- 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation on page 5 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential resultant stresses at each of three sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat,
(B) the front of the -rod seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.
4
FOR SHELL HE. 90-MM. M71 BRLH 590.1.71
SECTION
A
_192Y-625 B C
+ 328
-3457 -310"-9
+354 +-91
LONGIUINAL
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data ......-...........- -...- -.----------------- 7
Antiaircraft firing table data -.-.- -- ------------ - --------------.----. 6
Ground firing table data ............-...........-------- - - --------- 9
7. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag.
(1) The antiaircraft trajectories were computed witn 'he drag coefficient shown on page 7, which was
determined by AA range firings of the HE Shell M71 with the MT Fuze M43A3 as explained in BRL Report
No. 507, "The Experimental Basis and Computing Methods used in the Preparation of Firing Table FT
90AA-B-3". The form factor relative to this drag coefficient is 1.000; hence the ballistic coefficient is 1.864.
(2) The trajectories for the HE Shell M71 with the PD and TSQ Fuzes were based on the G2 drag
function. The form factor and ballistic coefficient are shown in par. 9a and b; at the muzzle:
(3) Comparative firings at 30 elevation showed that the range-elevation relatiom for the HE Shell
M71 with the CP Fuze M78 could be obtained from that with the PD Fuze M48 by decreasing the muzzle
velocity 27 fps and applying an effect equal to that of an increase of 12.16 per cent in air density. The
numerical average of the effects due tc an increase and a decrease in density (see par. 9n) was used for
this purpose.
6
FOR SHELL, HE 90-W M71 ERLH 90-1-71
7
tt
1-7
Aw
T'T_ ýE -4 -4- I if
4-
If
.140 ill If if X
.120
D T-1 H
io cf4
TE
11!1, fit 1 11111 - f il'illil 1 1 1 1111i i.t = 7 7
ttt 4-17
-OK
pI
mis
1 1 t tt t I
i I if
44-L
T_
410 71 7- if
t if 1-T
M 44
if i 4++4
.0W- I-L
.00 .40 .80 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.40 zoo
7
BRLH 90-1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7-9
b. Stability. BRL Report No. 236, "Stability of 90-mm Shell T8", gives the results .btained from
stability firings of inert-loaded Shell M71 (T8) with the MT Fuze M43 from the 90-mm Gun Ml:
c. Axial couple. BRL Report No. 408, "Loss of Spin and Skin Friction Drag of Projectiles", gives
the results obtained from firings of a 90-mm HE Shell M7 I with a radio spin sonde in a dummy fuze having
the same shape as the MT Fuze M43:
a. Form factor. i = 1.000 relative to the drag coefficient for the 90-mm HE Sheli M71 (see p. 7).
b. Ballstic coefficient. C = 1.864 relative to the drag coefficient for the 90-mm HE Shell M71
(see p. 7).
c. Trajectory data. A Trajectory and Fuze Setter Chart is included with the fii ing table., With the
fuze set 'safe':
Maximum horizontal range 19,560 yd
Maximum vertical range 13,426 yd
8
FOR SHELL- HE. 90-MM. M71 BRLH 90.1-71
4.
ELEVATION-MILS
_ ____--------_ __ __
___________t ----
9
BRLH 90-1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINfEERING DATA
- 9
aam
0 0 0
0 10
FOR SHELL HE. 90-MM. M71 BRUI 90.1-71
T~~FTNTý :4 4-
____ fill! 10
4o 040
BMýH- 90-1-71 BALUSTIC AND ENGINE.EP1NG DATA
-- - - -~-
- -4 1--- ----- ~ -
Z7 h. . ....
LZ. . .
.-
00
-7 2
FOR SHELL HF. 90-MM M71 BRL.H 90-1-71
9
R7
T-4, 41 00
7r
4-T-
.. ....
L
T ;z---
I X
I I I I 1 0
I I I t t 1 1111 1 i
t I i i I t 1 1
TT'
U- 777
0cu
ý4
-T,-T fit
441
t 1=7
7 4-i
w 0
0
0
Its; -7
4
4ý
1IT-1
0
to
-77
L17-
14471-
r-4 - T
fit t "-4 0
T-1 I
0
If
S11W N0143-6M
rBRLH
90.1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
It I
FOR SHELL HE. 90.MM. M71 BRLH 90.1.71
9
6 0
0
ifh
I!! I I
TwUU
Iw
1D 0
(z Il
2i
I if I I 0
I iI I I' --- A I
I I fi ll ! i
if I I i
I I X 1
I 15
BRLH 90-1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINZERING DATA
9
0,11
if
Ir
it
fill Ililt
IIII:
IfI I
AI
it I
lilt I I it 1
if i
z
I if I I
If
IRE
A
it
LL If I I ILI
w
0
tilt
offf
P.- Zvo 011=
U) W
fill
4t
0
I i
z
0-
I tt
Jill
f i l l t j I I I
t
I I It
/1 1 ;
fill
It
lilt
I If
I
1- 7 T 7
t- 8
Lý
7-f4 077
Z; I I
0 H-~-m- L44
-44--
w 0 -0
,I--
I if
L 0
JkiI 1 If T
BRLI- 90.1-71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
rT
0 4-'-r4
7--
7j7&+, - 0
4-.- F-4-7
7-8
FOR SHELL HF- 90-MM. M71 BRLH 90.1-71
9
I +S
-oo
w§
ILD
w HT
4 84E
BRLH 90-1-71 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEXPUNG DATA
I0
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
10. Fragmentation. The data on fragmentation of the 90-mm HE Shell M71. were t, ,en fr-rm TY9-,9C'7,
"B llistic Data, Periol mance of Ammunition!' (Sep 1944) and Vol. III of "Term'inel Baflistic Tata" (Sep 1945).
The initial fragment velocity is 2900 fps.
a. Casualties.
TABLE 46
CASUALTIES
20
FOR SHELL HE 90-MM. M71 ERIi 90-1.71
10
I CASUALT IES
6C 30*
INGLINATION 00
HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS
UNE Of -- "
00
21
BRLH 90 1.71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
10
CASUA LTIlES
INCLINATION 300
HEIGHT OF B3URST 30 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 947 FPS
-34r00
AT LEAST I MIT
PER 4SQ PT 00A
00
* 2S0
BRLH 9C.-.71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
to
TABLE 47
PERFORATION OF 1/8 IN. MILD STEEL
24
FOR SHELL. HE. 90-1MM. M71 BRLH 904-71
I0
60 "60
60 -60"
INCLINATION 00
HEIGHT OF BURST OPiT
REMAINING VELOCITY OFPS
Ot
30-300
600
25
BRLH4 90-1.71 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
10
3I0LINATION 33
OF
PLINE "RTo
FIRENVE I 4F
e "WO
n AT LEAST I HIT 00 t
PER 4SO FT' 00
AT LEAST I HiT INCLINATION 300*0
PER IOq.eQFT HEIGHT OF BURST 6OFT60
AT EAS I ITREMAINING VELOGITY 947FPS GON
i PER 25 SO FT
26
FOR SHELL HE. 90.MM. M71 BRLH 90.1-71
10
e-zJua
•: NORMALcGHARGE - .
- _.... ... . . .. .
- RANGE YARDS
27
BRLH" 90-1-71 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
t1-13
11. Effectiveness. The following data were taken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data", They
pertain to the 90-mm HE Shell M71 with an MT, PD or TSQ Fuze, fired at a muzzle velocity of 2700 fps.
2,000 3 260 7
5,000 42 360 68
10,000 770 1400 730
12. Ricochet Data. The following data were taken from Vol. II of "Terminal Ballistic Data". They
pertain to the 90-mm HE Shell MA71 with the PD Fuze M48 set for 0.05 sec delay, fired at a muzzle velocity
of 2700 Los (the PD Fuzes M48A1, M48A2 avnd MS1A4 have 0.15 sec delay).
TABLE 76
PE In
Range Angle of Angle of impact Height Height
Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft
1,006 7 20 41 2 0
2,000 17 30 36 3 1
3,000 3C 50 32 5 1
4,000 47 7.5 28 6 1
5,000 69 105 23 7 1
6,000 98 140 19 8 2
7,000 136 180 15 8 2
8,000 187 230 12 8 2
9,000 249 270 9 8 2
10,000 334 300 7 e 2
13. Penetration. The data on penetration of concrete by the HE Shell M71 with tle CP Fuze M78,
fired at a muzzle volocity of 2700 fps, were taken from TM 9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Am-
munition". The data on penetration into medium earth and logs by the HE Shell M71 with any DP or CP
Fuze, fired at a muzzle velocity of 2M00 fps, were taken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data".
28
FOR SHELL- HE. 90-MM. M71 BRLH 90.1- 71
13
- -r-+- --
- - - -~ - - T .. I
P-00L -
10001130
229
BRLI- 90-1-71 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
13
40010 00 00 40
1330
FOR SHELL. HF_ 90-MM. M71I BRLH 90-1.71
13
-H41- 'H IH
_
44-4
NERAIO --
r
i i
]E
A-A-
4-- _j4
t31
BRLH 90.1.77
Section Paragraph
I Genera ---------------------- 1
II Description ------------------ 2 - 4
III Interior ballistic data ---------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 6 -7
V Effect data ------------------ 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Pu•rpose - -I--------------------------------------------------1
1. purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics, and effects of the 90-mm Armor-piercing Shot M77 with
Tracer. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, and Airing tables pertaining to this am-
munition.
SECTION H
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings --- ---------------------------------------- ------ - - 2
Dimensions ........- ...............-.....----------------- 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........-...--.-------------- 4
BR~i I-77BALUSTI- AND ENGINEERING DATA
I Ii
OR
uN0
FOR SHOT, AP. 90-MM. M77 DRLH 90-1-77
2-5
2. Drawings.
Shot: Metal parts assembly and details 7,-18-K4
3. Dimensions.
Band: Distance from base 0.282 ca,
Width 0.33l cal
Cylindrical body: Levgth 1.051 cal
Ogive: Radius
Length of arc. 1.496 cal
0.629 cal
4. Physical char-,tte-stics.
Weight (standard, 23.40 lb
Base to center of gravity* 1.22
34.6 cal
lbJn
Axial moment of inertia* lb.in2
Transverre moment of inertia* 152
SECTION I
INTERIOR BALLIS717C DATA
Paragrapa
SECTION IV
Paragraph
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Diag. The form factor relative to Projectile Type 1, determined from resistance firings, is 1.19.
The corrasponding ballistic coefficient is 1.564 on the G 1 drag function. The drag coefficient is 0.256 at a
velocity of S/00 fps.
b. Stability. No stability firings have been done with this projectile. The stability factor, estimatod
from that of the 37 -rnm Armor-piercing Shot M80 (Ballistic Research Laboratory Report 438), at a muzzle
velocity of 2700 fps and a twist of rifling of one turn in 32 calibers, is 6.4.
7. Firiag table data. FT 90-D-2 (Abridged).
Guns, 90-mm, Ml, MIAI, M2, M3 and M26.
Twist of rifling; 1/32.
M'uzzle velocity: 2700 fps.
This Shot was standardized by CCM item 17528; its designation was changed from Semi-armor-
piercing to Armor-pierdirg by OCM item 17699.
a. Form factor (Proj Type 1). iI = 1.19.
h. Ballistic coeffcic•t (Proj Type 1). C1 = 1.564.
4
77
------ --- -- -- =j
q4--Ft- T_
-1-T I
7-T!
+
14ýH
fill,
it
J --- ----- -
40-- --- ----------
---------
ORI I I V 14H
30
t -ti
-7-
0100
20
4-
10-
1 11
if 111 11
II I fill d.TIME UF FLIGHTý RANGE CMVE
ILI If
If- i1111
LLI -
TERMtNAL VELOCITY- RANGE CURVE
MUZZLE VELOCITYlic 2700 FPS
_44*_ IL
. I . .1.1 I1I1.1I1 .........
111 - 11 1 f it
ff ii ll ll 1I 1I. 1
If Ii Il [l AII II II II I II
fi l l I
It I ff
If I III lilt
-4-
[it
8 MIMI
if
14,111
-02500
4
40 ---1
W_ 01 fill III
4 if -2000
F _j
W.
W. z
W_ If 2-1500
cr -
W,
If I I
M-T
TI
RANGE
-YARDS
-- I I I i LLLI
1000
00 500 1coo 1500 2r,00 2500 30 3500
6
i
Fh
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration - ------- ------- ----- ------- ------- ----- ----- --- 8
8. Penetration.
7
BRLH 90.1.82
II Description ----------------- 2 -4
III Interior ballistic data 5
IV Exterior ballistic data --------- 6 -- 7
V Effect data ---------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . . . ..------------------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics, and effects of the 90-mm Armor-piercing Capped Pro-
jectile M82 with the Base Detonating Fuze M68, which contains a tracer composition. This information is
collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
BRLH 90.1-"2 BALLUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
hi2
N 00
_
0~ci
Z
i"m
rŽ
00
CQ2
FOR PROJECTILE, APK. 90-MM. M82 BRLH 90-1-82
2-3
SECTION U
DESC RUPTION
Paragraph
Drawings -.-.-.---------------------------------------- ------------ 2
Dimensions . . .. .. ..- . . .. . ... .. . .. ..-. ...----------------- 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---..---------------- 4
2,. Drawings.
Projectile: Metal parts aosembly 75-18-46
Details 75-18-47
Details 75-18-51
Fuze: Assembly 73-2-181
Details 73-2-132
3. Dimensions.
Fuze: Length (outside) 0.178 cal
Band: Distance from base 0.278 cal
Width 0.355 cal
Body: Cylindrical length 1.017 cal
Ogival length (outs'de) 0.124 cal
Radius of ogival are 1 .296 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
Weight (standard) 24.11 lb
Base to center of gravity* 1.145 cal 2
Axial moment of inertia* 35.9 1b. in 2
Transverse moment of inertia* 198 lb.in
*Estimated on the basis of measurements of the 3-Inch Armor-piercing Capped Projectile M62 with
Base Detonating Fuze M66A!.
SECTION IMI
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore ......- ...........---...------------------ 5
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .-.------------------------- 6
FirLng table data .......- ...........- -...- -.----------------- 7
6. Aerodyaamic data.
a. Drag. A fo,-m factor of 0.90 relative to the -- 6 drag function was determined from resistance
firings at velocities from 2000 to 2660 fps. The corresponding ballistic coefficient is 2.134. The drag coef-
ficient is 0.135 at 2000 fps and 0.108 at the standard muzzle velocity of 2670 fps.
4
FOR PROJECTILE. APC, 90-MM. M82 BRLH 90-1-82
6-7
b. Stability. No stability firings have been done with the 90-mm APC Projectile M82. The stability
factor, estimated from that of the 3-inch Armor-piercing Capped Projectile M62 with Base Detonating Fuze
M66A1 at a muzzle velocity of 2600 fps (Ballistic Research Laboratory Report 427), for a twist of rifling of
one turn in 32 calibers is 1.58.
7. Firing table data. FT 90-F-1
Guns, 90-mm, Ml, M1Al, M2, MW and M26.
Twist of rifling: 1/32.
Muzzle velocity: 2670 fps and 2800 fps. Projective Weight: 24.06 lb
Standardization of the APC Projectile M62 with the BD Fuze M68 was recommended by OCM item
18386 and approved by OCM item 18496.
5
BRLH 90-1-82 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
I IJ IIII I l i l [
_44
BALLISTR
&FOR C-FCENTL~EEVATION CURVESS
(PROJ.TYPE 6)
2.tiLl I
.W t-MV 260 F 6
FOR PROJZ:CTILE. APC, 90-MM.482 BRLH 90-1-82
-7 7
4-.i
.4-..
. .. .
444
ti44-
6 40 T!
S et .... .. ..
MV 2440
7t -~44 1
4 ##
40 m* ?Ac
............
MV27IP
2F 0FS
MV7 -4
• •4+
+144 H-'
U.t :; 4
44+-
!- 4-
-
44.4-
? . RANGE -YARDS
-•O2000 -0-00 6000 8000
8
FOR PROJEC7lLE AMC 90.MM. M82 BRLH 90.1-82
2 ~ ___7
-- .- - = ---
.4180NA-
12000ý
E -- AG-A
09
BRLH 90-1-82 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING. DATA
7
Lh-I- I
71 E--- ---
_1 Z- -ji4
RNE- I:;S
10
FOR PRO1ECI1LE. AMC 90-MM, M82 B'RLH 901-6~2
..
.....
.
. 7 i
;; -,
H,
- 77
7- Z:-,+,
W - ~ -
tap .- , - - p
0.r ., p
~~TMV 2670
7: r 4
-'.4- - -- H 4 'P.
t_-_ RA-6E-Y.
12670FPS
m-9 ZM-wo -
1U.
aooc~ +t 400 0+ 80
#1
FOR PROJECTILE. APr, 90-MK~ M82 BRLH 90.1-82
7
mv 2670FP
II
I-f
2If
w
F
RANGE-YARDS
0-
---- www
00 6000400
10-
O M2 7FPS
m
-20- -N
-T+
-RANGE-YARDS
13
BRLH 90-.182 BALIUSTC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration -.......-...............-....----------------- 8
8. Penetration.
a. Ballistic Limits of Armor Plate.
Muzzle Velocity: 2670 fps. These data were taken from TM9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of
Ammunition".
Maximum Vulnerable Range - yards
Tank Model III IV VI
Attack Angle - deg 0 25 0 25 0 25
*Not vulnerable.
14
FOR PROJECTILE. AMC 90-MM. M82 BRLH 90-1-82
.~I v
00
40
55
BRLH 90-1-82 SALUSTIC AND ENGNEER.PN'Q DATA
8
ANGLEOF INCIDE.,E 0
1600
eOQO ~ -E 01Q0
6 z 16 ...
.
F~OR PROJEZr1LE, AMc 90-MM. W2 BRLH 90.1.82
8
AV 2670OFPS t1
-= W oo
-7o
w 6W
I if
110
BRLH 90-1-82 BALUSTr AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
T I
200
4- -
ic
rVI
0 100
....... 0
A --- 80
60
fill
If
_=_d2o
--- ---
.... Z=
I T
4t- -
10
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
BRLH 90.1-304
Section Paragraph
I General --------------------- 1
IT Description ------------------ 2 - 4
Ifl Int,ýrior ballistic data ---------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data --------- 6 - 7
V Effect data -------------------- 8
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose - -i--------------------------------------------------1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook Is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics, and effects of the 90-mm High Velocity Armor-piercing
Shot M304 with Tracer. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and
technical manuals pertaining to this ammunition.
BRLH 90.1.304 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
J
I O
(fl)
w
4-01 _
0
w4 •1~
d LE 0Y
- 1"
___
___-A.
OD - -2
L0-
FOR SHOT, H"AP, 90-MM. M304 BRLH 90-1-304
2-4
SECTION n1
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . . . ..----------------- 2
Dimensions .......- ..............-......----------------- 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---...---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Metal parts assembly 75-2-375
Details 75-2-376
Details 75-2-377
3. Dimensions.
Band: Distance from base 0.28 cal
Width 0.34 cal
Cylindrical parts: Bourrelet ring 0.17 cal
Body and ring 0.92 cal
Base 0.84 cal
Base, body and ring 1.76 cal
Windshield: Length 1.95 cal
Radius of ogival arc 0.71 cal
Conical angle 28041'
Shot: Length 3.71 cal
4. Physical characteristics. The position of the center' of gravity and the moments of inertia
tabulated below pertain to the HVAP Shot T30E15, which is slightly different from the ±,VAP Shot M304
'T30EI6).
$3
4
BRLH 90.1.304 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
5.7
SECTION M
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore - ------ ----------------- 5
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. A form factor of 1.16 relative to the G8 drag function was determined from tUme-of-flight
firings to a vertical target at - range of 1500 yards. The ballistic coefficient is 1.15. The drag coefficient
is 0.113 at the average muzzle velocity of 3262 fps obtained in these firings, and 0.111 at the standard muzzle
velocity of 3350 fps.
b. Stability. Ballistic, Researcb Laboratory Memorandum Report 347D gives the following results
obtained wi 'he HVAP Shot T30E1S, whioh is siightly different from the HVAP Shlot M304 (T30E16):
714 F+o-c.ELEVATION-RANGE
1 , 4
CURVE
~~-
- - --- . -- .-- . . .
.. .... RANGE-YARDS ~
1)500 1000 1500 20t0o 2500 30 5D
..
.... .... . . .
2500 -
200. -- h-
C50)0
.~ i7I~iVRANGE-YARDI
1000 1500 2000 2500 Z0000
i
3500
BRLH 901-1304 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEEKEN DAA
T1
-43
-~ - 7A
11
FF
F--: '450
.4L7F
04
-
-
----------
, +
VEO IT FP 7
Section Paragraph
I Gener ..---------------------- 1
II Description ------------------ 2 - 4
MI Interior ballistic data --------- 5 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data --------- 7 - 8
V Effect data ------------------- 9 - 12
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose ........- ................-.....------------------ 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of thbs number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dyriamics, ballist.cs and effects of the 105-mm High Explosive Shell M1 with
the Point Detonating Fuze M48A2 or M51A4, the Time and Superquick Fuze M55A3, or the Concrete-piercing
Fuze M78. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, firing tables, and technical manuals
pertaining to this ammunition.
-I
ILPJH 103-1-1 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
1 4.675
-~3.77
1.84- 2.345 -
-4.41
3.77 6
-0.4942512-. 0-91.44
1.84
- - -2.08 -
SHELL, HE, 10 MI I
FUZE, OP, M78
2
FOR SHELL HE, 105-Mh M1 BRLH 105.1.1
2-3
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTION
Paragraph
Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Diffiensions ........- ..............-......------------------ 3
Physical characteristics ......- ...........---..---------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts shipping assembly, marking
diagram and details 75-4-75
Booster, M20AI: Assembly and details 73-2-112
Booster, M21A4: Assembly 73-2-154
Fuze, PD, M48A2: Assembly 73-2-140
Fuze, PD, M51A4: Assembly 73-2-145
Fuze, TSQ, M54: Assembly 73-3-154
Fuze, TSQ, M55A3: Assembly 13-3-155
Fuze, CP, M78: Assembly and details 73-2-214
Note: The PD fuzes require one of the boosters. The TSQ Fuze M55A3 is the :,,54 Fuze wih tY
M21A4 booster. The CP fuze contains the working parts of the boosters.
3. Dimensions.
Boattail: Angle 9000,
Length 0.49 cal
Band: Distance from boattail 0.25 cal
Distance from base 0.74 cal
Width 0.19 cal
Cylindrical body: Length 1.84 cal
Ogive: Length 1.44 cal
Radius of arc 6.17 cal
Shell, unfuzed: Length 3.77 cal
Fuze, PD, M48A2 or M51A4, or TSQ, M55A3:
Outside length 0.905 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.345 cal
Shell anri fuze 4.675 cal
Fuze, CP, M78:
Outside length 0.64 cal
Radius of arc 1.935 cal
Ogive and fuze 2.08 cal
Shell and fuze 4.41 cal
3
BRLH I05.1.I BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
4-5
4. Physical characteristics.
Mean Weight Base to Moments of Inertia
lb Center of lb.ft 2
Marking Gravity
Fuze a an naU cal Axial Transverse
Note: The physical characteristics with all modifications of the PD and TSQ fuzes are approximately
the same as with the TSQ Fuze M55. The Dummy Fuze M59 has the same contour as the TSQ Fuze M55.
SECTION III
WTh'T_1OR n A T T TOnI,' r% A IA
Paragraph
Stresses . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-. . ..------------------ 5
Theoretical yaw in bore ......- ...........-....---------------- 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation on page 5 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential resultant stresses at each of two sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat and
(B) the front of the band seat.
** Since these stresses were calculated, the rated maximum pressure has been increased
to 30,000 psi (OCM item 17072)
4
FOR SHELL. HE. 105-MM, MI BRLH 105-1-1
5
AB
SECTION
MA B
-603
+300
-101 -
+400
SECTION TV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- .............-...------------------ 7
Firing table data .......- .............-...------------------ 8
7. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. The graph of drag coefficient vs. Mich number (p. 7) was determined by resistance fla ings
of the HE Shell M1 with the PD Fuze M48. The graph of drag coefficient vs. yaw (p. 8) was determined by
measurements of a wooden model of the same projectile, made by the Bureau of Standards in an air stream
with a speed of 45 fps. The form factor of the HE Shell M1 with the CP Fuze M78, determined by resistance
firings, is 0.93 relative to G 5 at a velocity of 1519 fps; the corresponding drag coefficient is 0.161.
b. Stability. The graph of moment coefficient vs. yaw (p. 9) was deteemined by measurements of a
wooden model of the HE Shell M1 with the PD Fuze M48, made by the Bureau of Standards in an air stream
with a speed of 45 fps. The data tabulated below were determined by stability firings of the HE Shell M1
with the Dummy Fuze M59, fired from the 105-mm Howitzer M2A1 (see BRL Memorandum Report No. 265,
"Stability of 105-rmm HE Shell MV"), and with the TSQ Fuze M55, fired from the 105-mm AA Gun T4.
C. Drift. FT 100-H-3 and FT I05-L-2 give the drift for the 105-mm howitzers firing the HE Shell
M.i with !D and TSQ fuzes. The graph of cross wind force coefficient vs. yaw (p.10) was determined by
measurements of a wooden model -f tne shell with P. fuze, made by •he £ureau of Standards in an air
stream with a speed of 45 fps.
6
FOR SHELL HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105.1-1
7
.161
7-t
7 -4 - --- --- ---- -
.08 -
*.06
.0
7
BRULH 105.1-1 BALLISTIC AND ENCUNEERINZ DATA
70
f i f f i l l I III
! f i [II . f i t
1/ 1 t
I~i I I * I 1
I1 I I [ i t I
I
T TT I T I I I I i
I 0 -0
oJ~ 0
itI u -8
FOR SHELL HE., 105-MM. MI BRLH 1051-1.
- 0
-10
4
0 0 00
44 C4D, C
9
BRU-t 105- 1.1 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7
1 l1 l i~--fi
1 !1'
f If i
111 ft 1 i l I
If t i l 1 , N I
11 *i~ - l i
4-L.
IfI
l i I l i
0 I~ 0
Z=II
t If
1 I 1I II I
f l I t i l f i l ; 1 1 1 . Ift
IIf
NI I Ii
II I If I +I
0 0 00
10
FOR SHELL. HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105-1.1
8
OCM item 11871 approved the recommendation by item 11820 that the HE Shell M1 be standardized
for the 105-mm Howitzer M2 (later superseded by M2AI). OCM item 19910 approved the recommendations
by item 19684 that the 105-mm Howitzer M3 and Carriage M3 be standardized, and that the HE Shell MI with
PD Fuze M48A1 be assembled as a semi-fixed round capable of being fired in this howitzer at the first five
zone velocities of the M2A1 Howitzer. OCM item 23702 approved the recommendations by item 23180 that
the semi-fixed round for the M3 Howitzer be made substitute standard for the M2 and M2A1 Howitzers, and
that the round for the M2 and M2AI Howitzers be not used in the M3 Hoa-,,tzer except under conditions of
extreme emergency, in which event only charges 1, 2 and 3 may be use 1. OCM item 22131 approved the
recommendation of item 21869 that the 105-mm Howitzer M4 be standardized for use in the Medium Tank
M4 or M4A3 (the ballistics of this howitzer are the same as those of the M2Ai Howitzer).
11
M14 105-1-1 BALUSTICAND ENGINEERM DATA
+7
fill
fill &FORM FACTOR -ELEVATION CURVES
11 ll ii ll tt
I i I IIII !
1, AT
1 11fill
f1if lI lI !i It ii ft I II If !i It l iI tl :l i1I! 11 ; ! 1- 1 I t .
I ..
I l l l i l t t I 1
fi iI lI lI I II IIII lt ii ll tl II lI l I II Il Il II II Ii II iI fI II tI I II I II l1l4
IIIIII II t i l l i t I t Ii I l i t If
I f i l l i l i f i l l 11I 111 i tt I 11 1i,I l1I t1 l I1i I1t 1! 1 1111
l
t`7
I If
lilt I fit I
_z:
E51 E,
I it
ill! 'lit I'll Ilt It.!! !1 Ill
1:11 it 1 it !-fill it lilt 1:11
it It
lit I 1 1 1
;24_7
1, .01
.90
7-
7 %PU
.65
-4-
4w
.80
go,
.PAN.,
II.W
CNA
12
FOR SHELL. HM 105-MM. MI BRL.H 105-1-1
8
2.4
2.6
2.4'
Ili
P-33
BRU-I 105-1-1 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
-
8
0c inK
0
-j - ICA - -- I
- ~7
_ ; 0 000 _
- ----- - -
----- -)
600
400 -A.
14
FOR SHELL HE, 105-MM Ml BRLH-8105-1-1
~41,
oI U- o__
CJ J_
60Cto-to - - - -
1400A
1005
BRL14 105-1-1 BALUSTIC AND ENIGINEEWNG DATA
7- -7--F--
I H
-RANGE CURVES
a.TERMINAL VELOCrrY I ! ! Il i t =1 14 -
It
I I t I I
i
LEE
HE
Irsoo t i
Ili . lit
4ý
140
i Ii
12,00
it
I it I
It Ili
Soo lit!
C-MRSE 6 MV 1235 FPS
>r-ý777
lilt OWGE 5 MV 1020 FPS
CMRW 4 W 875 F
7 7.
GWOE 3 MV TSO FPS 777--
400
it 4-L-+
It it
it 44-11- 44 ýH
11 It _44-! RANGE YARDS it 111_:
-4-4-L --1-4-+'
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 000
FOR SHELL HE. 105-M4 MI fiýL L
Im.
48
-717
707
IWE6M P
BR~L 1051-1- BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
-"r-4---
120- -- .- -
1018
FOR SHELL HE. lOS-MM. MI BRLH- 105-1-1
8
I I I q _lJ-
W-
ws IYA
LCOMPL-'~MENTARY ANGLE OF ST
(4FRAGE FOR t±IMIL ANGLE OF SITE)
ANGLE OF COMPLEMENTARY
IELEVATION SITE ANGLE OF SITE
HIH
06
[FOR SHELL HE. 105-MiM.MI BRU-I 105-1-1
8
2 -1 -FPS
4 21
BRLH 105-1-1 BALUSTIC AND ENCINEERING DATA
2 TIO FPS
) I ! I i ! I Ji l l
3 780FPS
4 875FPS
liI I ! Ji ll 4-
4 5 1020FPS
-7 6 1235FM
3
7 1550 FPS
Z 5
i OF
-L4
10
w
wz
6
-7ý 7L
-7
1,: Jill
T. RANGE-YARDS
0 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
0 2000 4000
22
A
6
lit' i t Ji ll I I it II;I
J1 1 1 1 it
till1
..
!11 it I l it
t i l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I ! I I I I i 1 11
J i l l 1 1 ! 1 1 i I 1 1 1 I t
i ý l t i l l i 1 1 1
it
t I Loo
4-
I t 41l
'4 -1
"o lit.
I
if,
AOO ýH
3
f le
w
U. 777
w
0 1
z
It11 LI
lt!t
it!
RANGE-YARDS
-fill
0 2000 4000 6000 $000 10000 12000 14000
23
BRLH4 105-.1- BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
8
0r
42
- ------
FOR SHELL HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105 -1.
8
(10 IS STANDARD)
FI lt
' Ii l i t I
-F FT +i it
I J I F5 P
t I Ii F
2 710 FP
3 8F F
253FF
BRLH 105-1-1 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
44-
I il
1TO
SWF2S
FOR SHELL HE, 105.MM. MI BRLH 105-1.1
9
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Fragmentation .......- .............- -...-------------------- 9
EffectiveLess --- -0----------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ------- ---
Ricochet data - ------- ------- ----- ------- ----- ----- ------- --- 11
Penetration - ----- ----- ------- ----- ----- ------- ----- --------- 12
9. Fragmentation. The data on fragmentation of the 105-mm HE Shell Ml were taken from TM9-1907
"Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition': (Sep 1944) and Vol. M of "Terminal Ballistic Data!' (Sep 1945).
The initial fragment velocity is 3500 fps.
a. Casualties.
TABLE 48
CASUALTIES
27
0
BRLH 105. I-I BALLISTIC" AND EiGINEERING DATA
CASUALTIES
0O0 GROUND 0
INCLINATION W'
MEIGHT OF BURST OFT
REMAINING VELOCITY OFPS
I6 °0
! •0.LINE
~FIREOF 1 0
600
00 (]ROUNDv
INGLINATION W
I f• LEMS IRIT
PER 4 SO FT HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
HrT REMAININJG VELOCITY 800FPS
I SLEAsr
PER 10 SQ FT
28
FOR SHELL HE. 105.MM. MI BRLH 910,-5-I
CASUALTIES
00
-- u
FIP
INCUNATION 30'
HEIGKT OF BURST 3OFT
REMAINING VELOCITY 8O0FPS
030
FIRE
' .
600
AT LEAST IHIT
PER 4SQ FT INCLINATION 30"
AT LEAST IFT
HIT HEIGHT OF BURST 60 FT
PER 10OSO
PAT LEAST REMAINING VELOCITY 800FPS
25. S FT
BRLH 105-I-i BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DA'TA
9
CHARGE -OMV -
RANGE- YARDS
I I : _ _ _ _ _ . .. .
S3HI.ELDtNG EQLUVALENT TO 0 FOXHOLE
12
0 5 _ I. .
_ _-_:-
0 I -.. .7-
CHARG I-
30
FOR SHELL, HE. 105-MM, Ml BRLH 1051-1-
-. t; --
90 - . z Z 6 z
---- A
WlANGE-YARD
:-
2000 4000 6000 8000 100 12D-
31
BkLli Mo.-i- BALUS1iC AND LNICINEERING DATA
9
CHARGE mv
_4 875 FPS
~f7
A
-550FP
-44-
RANE-yis--
~~Z2L~~~~1 ~.--,
0zLztu. JILL-
C)u C 0X 0( Q0 00 20 4C
03
BRII-I 105-1-1
FOR SHELL. HF. 105-MM. MI
TABLE 49
PERFORATION OF 1/8 IN. MILD STEEL
r N B m v
33
BRLH 105.1.1 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
q
QO GRQLNO
INCLINATION 0*
HEIGHT OF BURST 0 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 0 FPS
00
OE , , 900 SLINE
SFIRE
34
FOR SHELL HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105-1.1
9
•LINE OF -c
FIRE
GROUN a
INCLINATION 300
HEIGHT OF BURST 30 FT
REMAINING VELOCITY 800 FPS
0"0
do OF
LINE 0-90 9
I FIRE
GR UN
T LEAST I MIT 30 00 GROUND SPER
4SQ FT
35
BRLH 1'351-1. BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
WIDTH~
~ ~ OF78OFPSOUDARE AE
6 6250FPS
71 FP
3.30
FOR SHELL HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105-1-1
9
-CHARGE MV
I 6WOP
3 78OFPS
7 1020FPS
6 13550P
6
0 '
IRANGE-:YARDS~
77
0 00 40 00 80 00 20 40
BRLK 105-1-1 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEEPJNG DATA
10-Il
10. Effectiveness. The following data were taken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data". They
pertain to the 105-mm HE Shell Ml with a PD or TSQ Fuze.
11. Ricochet Data. The following data were taken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic Data". They
pertain to the 105-mm HE Shell Ml with the PD Fuzes M48A2 and M51A4, which have 0.15-sec delay.
38
FOR SHELL HE. 105-MM. MI BRLH 105.1.1
11.12
TABLE 77
PE In
Range Angle of Angle of Impact Height Height
Fall Recovery to Burst of Burst of Burst
yd mils mils yd ft ft
Charge 1
W1 650 fps 1,000 126 170 24 12 2
2,000 272 285 15 13 3
Charge 2
MV 710 fps 1,000 104 145 27 12 2
2,000 226 260 19 15 3
3,000 376 315 10 10 3
Charge 3
MV 780 fps 1,000 87 125 31 12 2
2,000 188 230 23 16 3
3,000 304 295 15 14 3
Charge 4
MV 875 fps 1,000 69 105 36 11 2
2,000 147 195 29 17 3
3,000 237 265 21 17 4
4,000 343 305 14 13 3
"Charge 5
MV 1,020 fps 1,000 51 80 44 10 2
2,000 109 155 37 17 3
3,000 174 220 30 20 4
4,000 247 270 23 19 4
5,000 331 305 17 15 4
6,000 430 315 10 9 3
Charge 6
MV 1,235 fps 1,000 39 65 51 10 2
2,000 86 125 43 17 3
.3,000 138 185 36 20 4
4,000 198 235 30 21 4
5,000 265 280 24 20 4
6,000 339 305 17 16 4
7,000 422 315 10 10 4
Charge 7
MV 1,500 fps 1,000 25 45 65 8 2
2,000 60 95 54 15 3
3,000 104 145 44 19 4
4,000 156 200 37 22 4
5,000 214 250 29 22 5
6,000 278 285 23 20 5
7,000 348 310 17 16 4
8,000 423 315 10 10 4
12. Penetration. The data on penetration of concrete by the HE Shell Ml with the CP Fuze M78 were
taken from TM9-1907, "Ballistic Data, Performance of Ammunition". The data on penetration Into medium
earth and logs by the HE Shell Ml with any DP or CP faze were taken from Vol. III of "Terminal Ballistic
Data".
39
BRLH 103-1-1 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEEFING DATA
MV 15 5 07F5
400
rOR SHELL HE. 105-MK MI BRL.H 105-1-1
12
D -400
cr
too
A ------ --
----v so
Itoo
. . . . . . . . . ..... .. Go
. . . . . . . . . ...
A 1550 6
a two to
0 402-00 6
D 1020 10
20
::T
RANGE-
150C 2500 3000 10
0 500 1000 2000
41
BRL1 1051-1BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
__w - 0- Z+~
*~f --- US
*- 0-
4----f3 zi-= - - --
*RANGE- YARDS T
42
hi BRLH 105.1-T12
I
Section Paragraphs
I General -------------------- 1
II Description ------------------ 2 - 4
III Interior ballistic data -------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data -------- 6
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose - -I----- -------------------------------------------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this niunber of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics and allistics of the 105-mm High Explosive Shell T12 with the Me-
chanical Time Fuze M'1A1. This information is collected from the drawings, reports and firing tables per-
taining to this ammunition.
0
B.LJJ 1051.T12 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
2
4 2
• ,
-' N
Os
"IV'I 4 -
FOR SHELl. HE, 105-MM. TI2 BRLH2 105-1-T12
2-5
SECTION 31
DESCRJPTION
Paragraph
Drawings ........- ...............-.....------------------- 2
Dimensions ........- ..............-.....------------------ 3
Physical characteristics - - - --------------------- 4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly and details GA 2127
Fuze: Assembly 73-7-71
Details 73-7-72,
74,75,76
3. Dimensions.
B oattall: Angle 7000'
Length 0.455 cal
Band: Width 0.343 cal
Distance from base 0.709 cal
Distance from boattall 0.254 cal
Cylindrical body: Length 1925 cal
Ogive: Length 1.221 cal
Radius of arc 10.159 cal
Fuze: Outside length 1.857 cal
Length: Shell 2.e01 cal
Shell and fuze 5.458 cal
Ogie and fuze 3.078 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
Mean weight 38 lb
SECTION III
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore ......- .........---...-..--------------- 5
3
BRLH 105.I-Til LAU.ISTVC AND FWCINE-.PJNr, DATA
6
SECTION IV
EITER'(OR BEALLIStIIC DATA
Paragraph
6. Cam da.a.
4
FOR SH" HF- 105-MK T12 BRLM 105.1-TI2
i iT L _JLl
ALTITUDE- YDS
1000 Itooo
I-T 'l I I It
II II I I I It
Sh
co 1-11-------- --
Soo J. J
a I
9000
0
600- hl,
w
r
----------
400
+
200 -Hf T, _41 .. +
T.
L
NGE- YARDS, 1-1- IT
0 4000 8000 12000 16000
5
®r
BRLH 105.1-TI2 BALUS71C AND ENUNEERING DATA
Soot)
V
4000
#
__00.
1 I ;I I I A I I I r T 1T
.
1200 ill I I I L IT"-
+ I I if
I t ill
11
Al 1
It- I t y I I
Ila. 7--
P.4 H ill
11 A-
it
10
g
I I A
i f 1 1 1
4-
I if
_T_
_TT_
+LA
T_ i itill m Mtu-
T-4 ......
...
ti I 4i
A. Ll I L_
'E-YARDS
R.PAiN4' -1
E -
Trlý
00 4( =1 8000 12000 16000
BRLH 105.1-67
Section Paragraphs
I General ---------------------- 1
II Description ------------------ 2 - 4
InI Interior ballistic data --------- 5 - 6
IV Exterior ballistic data --------- 7 - 8
V Effect data ------------------- 9
SECTION I
GENERAL
Paragraph
Purpose ........- ...............-......------------------- 1
1. Purpose. The purpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a concise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, ballistics and effects of the 105-mm High Explosive Antitank Shell
M67 with the Base Detonating Fuze M62. This information is collected from the drawings, reports, and
firing tables pertaining to this ammunition.
SECTION 11
DESCRIPTION
Dýarag~aph
Drawings ........- ...............-.....------------------- 2
Dimensions ........- ..............-....-------------------- 3
Physical characteristics ......- .........---...-..--------------- 4
BRLH- 105-1-67 BALUSTIC AND ENC!NEERINC DATA
1004
0u 00
Zw
-JD
1 1
FOR SHELL HEAT. IUS-MM. M67 BRLH 105.1.67
2-4
2. Drawings.
Shell: Assembly 75-14-352
Metal parts details 75-4-106
Ogivw and unibn assembly 75-4-107
Fuze: Assembly 73-2-168
Details 73-2-169
Details 73-2-170
Details 73-2-171
3. Dimensions.
Boattail: Angle 9°000
Length 0.49 cal
Band: Distance from boattail 0.25 cal
Distance from base 0.74 cal
Width 0.19 cal
Body: Length of cylindrical part 1.84 cal
Lenth of ogival part 0.34 cal
Radius of arc 6.17 cal
4. Physical characteristics.
Weight (standard') 29.29 lb
Base to ?enter of gravity 1.497 cal 2
Axii - -.-nent of inertia 0.515 lb.ft22
Tran. se moment of inertia 4.18 Ib.ft
.1-67-~ ~ -~-- -M M67
SECTIONS
A BC
-64
+395
-179 - 41 50
j3
- 2 66 -*
a:
LONGITUDINAL
AXSO EULATMSE
4
]FOR SHELL. HEAT. 105.MM. M67 BRLH 105-1-67
SECTION M
INTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Stresses .............---------- ----- ----------------- 5
Theoretical yaw in bore ......- .........---...-..--------------- 6
5. Stresses. The following table and the graphical representation on page 4 show the longitudinal,
radial and tangential resultant stresses at each of three sections: (A) the rear corner of the band seat,
(B) the front of the band seat, and (C) immediately behind the bourrelet.
Howitzer 105-mm M2
Twist of rifling 1/20
Cross-sectional area of bore 13.65 sq in.
Rated maximum pressure 30,000 psi
Total weight of projectile 29.29 lb
Muzzle Velocity 1250 fps
Density of filler (pentolite) 0.0574 lb per cu in.
SECTION IV
EXTERIOR BALLISTIC DATA
Paragraph
Aerodynamic data .......- .............-...------------------ 7
Firing table data .......- .............-...------------------ 8
BRLH 105.1.67 BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
7-8
7. Aerodynamic data.
a. Drag. A form factor of 1.26 relative to the G 2 drag function was determined from resistance
firings at 1250 fps with short coil distances. Later, more accurate measurements were made, ard a form
factor of 1.06 determined by resistance firings at both 1020 and 1250 fps. This value has been confirmed
by comparative firings with the HEAT Shell M67 and the HE Shell Ml against a vertical target at a muzzle
velocity of 1020 fps. For the standard weight of 29.29 lb, the ballistic coefficient is 1.62 on G 2 . The drag
coefficient is tabulated below.
1020 .078b
1250 .170
b. Stability. The stability factor of the HEAT Shell M67 bas not been determined. However, it
should be approximately the same as that of the 75-mm HEAT Shell M66, which is about 2.07 for a twist
of rifling of 1/20 at a muzzle velocity of 1000 fps.
The terminal velocity was taken from Ballistic Research Laboratory Memorandum Report 296,
"Tables of Impact Velocities for Mobile Artillery Weapons". The HEAT Shell M67 was standardized by
OCM item 17639.
FOR SHELL. HEAT, 105-MM. M67 BRLH 105.-.67
-------- 8
IIj-I- I --
1-111I fIO
I i l
1.I IM I _
1.20
0 I0I00 300 400
II 7
BRL14 103-1-67
BALUSTIC AND ENGINEERINC DATA
H111111,111 if 11
LLISTIC COEFFICIENT
(PROJ.TYPE2) -RANGE CLRVES ---
BA
lil t LLI I I I H Il l [
----- -- lilt[
------ aTT7
if
------------
-i L1
------ T_
----------- _F -1-T
L50-
P2
----------
W;wi I i 4
lilt
fill
[Ill
I KI : IFRIF IT
IT -------- -- If
5 1 1.0
1LOT -AI ---- --
V -A I I I fill
Y1 II if
i t I t
- --------------- it---------- -
F_
----------- --
------------- -----------
- ---------
I I-TI --------- -- - -------- ---
- --------- ------------
------ -------------
-------
L -
--+4+ _:T ----------- ----------------
- ----------
------
------ --------------
------ ------ it
----------- ---- ---- 4 - ____
-
1.35 4TM ------ ---------
___7 -------- __
---------------
-
I I fill
fill ---------- ------- -------
-------------------- J7 ---
---- --- __FTI I I if
---------------- --- --- ---
----- --- LL
------------ ------
------
1.30 1 1 If
1fill ------------------------
-------
------ -
-::Fr-FP --------
-=EITT-
L
# -------------
RANM-YAJW
I I Ill? ý
1000 2000 4000
8
FOR SHELL. HEAT. 105.MM. M67 BLH1516
'75
I5I
IiIt
f il I
bto
f5l fi
25f
449
BRUi 105-1-67
BALUSMC AND ENGINEERINQ DATA
j+ T 41
w
:------------
------------
#
-----------
- ---------------
goo ----------
-----------
w
>
soc.
i7
L
RANGE-YARDS 41
700 '1 fil
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
10
FOR SHELL HEAT, 105-MM. M67 BRLH 105-1-67
_48
4-4
-H -t 11 - 1 1
BRLH 105.1.67 BALLISTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
9
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Penetration ........- ............-..--- - ------------------ 9
9. Penetration. The average penetration into homogenecus armor plat.e is 4.5 inches.
12
•L
BRLH- 105.1.314
Section Paragraphs
I General --------------------- 1
HI Description ------------------ 2 - 4
III Interior ballistic data --------- 5
IV Exterior ballistic data ----------. - 7
V Effect data ------------------- 8
( /SECTJON I
GENERAL
Paragrapbs
SPurpose ........- ................-......------------------ 1
1. Purpose. The parpose of this number of the handbook is to furnish a copcise collection of infor-
mation regarding the shape, dynamics, b3llistics and effects of the 105-mm Illuminating Shell M314 with
the 'fime and Superquick Fuze M54. This Information U collected from the drawings, reports, firing
tables and firing records pertaining to this ammunition.
SECTION U
DESCRIPTION
f•f
4x
" I
z An
zoo
Wt
Zs/
, _ _ I
r FOR SHELL I.LUMINATING, 105.MM. M314 BRUi 105-1.314
2-5
2. Drawings.
Shell: Metal parts assembly 75-4-128
Details 75-4-129
Fuze: Assembly 73-3-154
3. Dimensions.
Band: Width 0.196 cal
Distance from base 0.399 cal
Body: Length of base piece 0.145 cal
Length of cylindrical part 2.900 cal
Length of ogival part 0.835 cal
Radius of ogival arc 2.782 cal
Length of shell 3.735 cal
Fuze: Length (outside) 0.914 cal
Length of shell and fuze 4.649 cal
Length of ogive and fuze 1.749 cal
4. Phycical characteristics.
Weight (standard) 36.60 lb
Base to center of gravity 1.180 cal
Axial moment of inertia 0.286 lb.ft 2
Transverse moment of inertia 1.416 lb.ft2
SECTIM flT
INTERIOR BA-,USW1C DATA
Paragraph
Theoretical yaw in bore -.-.-.-.-.-------- -------------------------- 5
3
BRLLI 105-1.314 BALLtSTIC AND ENGINEERING DATA
6.7
SECTION IV
6. Aerodynamic data.
a. Dragi The following drag coefficients were computed from the ballistic coefficients tabulated
Velocity KD
fps
620 .0881
674 .0881
738 .0885
825 .0899
958 .0950
1158 .1829
1453 .1892
b. Stability.
Muzzle Velocity 1226 fps
Moment coefficient, KM 1.37
Twist of rifling 1/20
Stability factor 3.60
4
FOR SHELL ILLUNGNAMNQ 105-MK M314 EIRLE 105-1-314
7
T
EVATION RANGE CU ES fill
900 It '-T-T III I I
If
CHARGE I-MVr. 620 FPS
800- CHARGE2-MVs674FPS
I TTT-r-r-7 I r-. -- T7- 1 1 r-r-" I I j
HARGE3-MV-738F
- -I I I It ----- -----
it
700
-It
-
d bii4iGE 4 MV 825 FPS
600
lilt
III I I Ifl
it I
fi ll I
fi ll I
If!
5WWO F
4
CHARGE 6 MVr1158 FPS
t
:4:44ýý 7
400
CHARGE 7 MV= 1453 FPS
if v A I it I
Z_ :Vr + 4-1 -r-444
T
300 4
-4
44
t -j_ jj t4-
1 4 +1
_T 4
200
004, 4,-i 4
-Tt
A.
H14 - 4T
1 44 4 4-
t- 14
100- 1 y
-4 4 4 4 -- 4-
4 4 1 1
14--!-ý- t-t-4
fill
YARDS
H A -f-t-fl+
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
5
BRIH 105.1-314 BALUMlC AND ENGNEERING DATA
S
SECTION V
EFFECT DATA
Paragraph
Illumination ........- ... -.-... -.-----------------------
...- 8
8. Iluminatiom. When the fuze functions, the candle and parachute are released. A few seconds
later, the parachute opens and slowly lowers the candle to the ground. In the functioning tests of this am-
munition, the candles burned from 38 to 57 'econds.
I8