3is Module 1 For PPT Slides
3is Module 1 For PPT Slides
QUARTER 1
MODULE 1 :
Brainstorming for Research Topics
What this module is about
The 3 I’s: Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion module is a way of realizations that
come along their life such as the different issues which surrounds them. This query is the
act of asking for information that leads to exploration and absorption.
1. The learner prepares a plan and focus on issues and ideas in their respective field.
Unlocking of Keywords
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
Now, to give you an idea on how to prepare for research, you may do the inquiry
based learning using the following steps mention below:
Brainstorming is a way of inquiring ideas which will help you to develop concepts
and focusing technique by asking questions and knowing the interests of the persons
involve in the said issues . The potential ideas can be visualized for interpretations.
MODULE 2 :
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM AND ASKING THE QUESTION
Overview
It deals with identifying the inquiry and stating of the problem. It walks the students towards designing a
research project related to daily life, describing justifications or reasons for conducting the research stating the
background of the problem, presenting the Conceptual Framework, stating the Research Hypothesis, presenting
a written statement of the problem, asserting the definition of terms, stating the Importance of the study, and
determining scope and delimitation of the study.
literature review can help you to refine your central argument or hypothesis. You must also
conduct and gather the literature review to be able to place and organize your work within
the larger and greater area of study in your conceptual framework. Your framework
should present the relevant research ad show how your work will help to advance the field.
c. Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or graphic. You can always
present the same information and evidences by writing a narrative. Your narrative should
recap the variables influencing your research and explore how they may change the
hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and enlighten the basic methodology for
your research. If you include a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative should
also be included explaining these details for those who prefer more in-depth information.
Bolded headers to separate the sections of your narrative and to create a visual order of
information.
DemographicProfileofthe
respondents in terms of:
Age
Gender
Academic Achievement of 4Ps Pupils-Recipients
Occupation
Grade Level of the
parents
Monthly income of the
parents
interactive Method
In developing a testable research hypotheses takes skill, however, along with careful
attention to how the proposed research method treats the development and testing of
hypotheses.
The hypothesis in your study, you are predicting the relationship between two variables.
Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.
1. Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before making a final decision
2. As noted, a research hypothesis is more than just a topic. It has two elements (variables)
that are in relation to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by your
research. As a outcome of your research, you will arrive at a conclusion, a theory, or
understanding that will be useful or applicable beyond the research itself.
3. Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
4. Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be answered exclusively by
the discipline of law.
5. Be certain that each term I your hypothesis is clearly understood and defined, do not deal
in generalities or assume that the reader knows the meaning of the technical term.
6. Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing with state or federal law or both on a
comparative basis if appropriate.
7. Know that your hypothesis may change over time as your research progresses.
You must obtain the professor’s approval of your hypothesis, as well as any
modifications to your hypothesis, before proceeding with any work on the topic.
Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal. Sample on Research Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis:
1. There is no significant relationship between respondents profile in the aca demi c
achievement.
on how the study will contribute. It must be exactly stated, however, what the study will
contribute and who will benefit from it.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development. The researcher believes that the
result of this study will be of great importance to the department since they are the ones
monitoring the 4Ps program. May this study serve as the basis in the modification of the
conditions in giving cash grants
The Administrators. The result of the study would be the basis of constructing and
implementing new and innovative teaching aids to help teachers fully supervise and assess
the pupils to achieve their full potential, since children are financially supported in their studies
by the government.
The Teachers. The result of this study may help the teacher in constructing and
developing new teaching strategies to help the students in their performance and be mindful
that even if students are provided and supported by government, they still need equal
guidance to perform well in school. The factors affecting the performance of the students
may also help the teacher as their basis in making daily lessons.
The Parents. The result of this study will inform the parents that their guidance is a big
impact on the performance of the students in school.
The Students. May the result of this research helps the student in understanding that
coming to school daily may be a guarantee that they will also have good academic
performance. And may the result give them the overview of how the government is supporting
their studies and that they must do their part by studying well.
Definition of Terms
Glossary of Research Terms- this glossary is intended to assist you in
understanding commonly used terms and concepts when reading,
interpreting, and evaluating scholarly research in the social sciences.
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
b. Operational Definition
Is the meaning of the concept or terms as used in a particular study.
This module discussed the usefulness of research in daily life. This module emphasized
that research titles must be specific and precise because broadly stated topics lead nowhere.
The Background of the study of the research states the rationale of the study, as well as
the surrounding circumstances on why the study is carry out. The statement of the problem is
clearly more shown the research questions which shows the focus of the research study.
The scope and delimitation of the study sets boundaries and parameters of the study.
The significance of the study cites the benefits of the study as well as its beneficiaries.
At the end of this module you are expected to learn the following:
a. define and distinguish the definition, characteristics and mechanism of the review of related
literature;
b. formulate review of related literature for their respective research studies; and
c. Appreciate the importance of the review of related literatures in completing research studies.
What is Research?
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data;
documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that
data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific
professional fields and academic disciplines.
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After you have chosen your research topic and crafted your 1 st Chapter
(Introduction), the next step for the completion of your research paper is the writing of
the Review of Related Literature. When writing your RRL, you must first consider the
sources that you are going to use as bases for the contents of this chapter. RRL
sources are commonly classified into two major types; namely:
a. Primary source- publications or writings wherein a researcher reports the results of their
own studies. Example: Monthly, quarterly or annual journals.
b. Secondary source- publications or writings wherein a certain author describes the work of
another author. Example: Textbooks, encyclopedias, yearbooks As much possible, use
the primary sources to avoid tampering and miscommunications on the data.
In identifying a possible source of your RRL, you can refer to the following
characteristics below:
1. The sources that you should use must be new or recent as possible.
2. It must be unbiased and objective as possible.
3. It must be relevant to your topic.
4. It must be in adequate number, not too few nor too many.
I. In-text citation refers to all of the citations that can be found in all of the chapters in your research
paper. The commonly used information in this manner of citation are the following:
i. Author’s name
ii. Date of the publication of the source
iii. The page number where you found the information.
II. Referencing list refers to the bibliography and/or references of your research paper. This holds the
summary of the information of all of your sources. Information needed in making the referencing list
involves the following:
i. Author’s name
ii. Date of the publication of the source.
iii. The page number where you found the information.
iv. Publisher
v. Place of Publishing
vi. Volume
vii. Edition
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I. IN TEXT- CITATION
In the in text- citation of author(s) of the related literatures, three (3) guidelines should be considered,
namely: a) by author or writer, b) by topic and c) chronological means of citation.
i. By author or writer
- In this method of citation, all your data and information, facts, ideas or principles from your
sources are discussed or explained separately.
Example:
Cruz (2002) states that research is …
Dela Torre (2005) described conduct of research as …
- In this example, it is evident that by using by author or writer method, the information
coming from a specific author will be discussed separately from the others.
ii. By topic
- This method of citation is used when a number of authors or sources gives the same information about a
certain topic. The citation of the information will be granted to all of the authors.
Example:
Accordingly, research is … (Rio, 2000; Luna & Magsaysay, 2005).
- In this example, the authors (Rio, Luna and Magsaysay) shared the same information about research. When
you are going to use this information, make sure to cite ALL of the authors that published this said
information.
iii. Chronological
- Citing literatures using the chronological method involves sequencing the information based on the year it
was published.
Example:
Yu (2005) states that …
Ang (2007) discussed all about …
Chu (2010) deliberated regarding …
- In this example, the sources are arranged chronologically from the earliest to the latest.
Citations Styles
In citing literatures, you as a researcher, must see to it that citations of your sources are done correctly.
Citations styles are referred to as the format of the information needed during the citation. There are three (3)
most common citation styles that are used to cite sources, namely: a) American Psychological Association
(APA), b) Modern Language Association (MLA) and c) Chicago Manual of Style (CMS). These three citation styles
will be thoroughly discussed on the proceeding discussions.
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
III. APA Citation for works with three (3) to five (5) authors
The information needed in this number of authors are still the authors’ surname and the year of
publication. The format varies on the manner of citation used and the frequency of its usage.
Examples:
By author: Kim, Lee, Young and Yu (2015) discussed …
By topic: Today’s generation … (Kim, Lee, Young&Yu, 2015).
In the by topic manner, the replacement of the word “and” to “&” is still applicable. Still, authors’
surname and the year of publication will be separated using a comma.
If you wish to use the same source for a multiple time, different format will be followed.
Examples:
By author: Kim et al. (2015) discussed that …
By topic: Today’s generation … (Kim et al., 2015).
In this format, the citation will be shortened by sustaining the first author and replacing the others by
the word “et al.” which means “and others”. In “et al.”, the period will be placed only after the “al.”.
IV. APA Citation for works with six (6) to ten (10) authors
Citing literature with this number of authors follows the following format:
Examples:
By author: Lee et al. (2015) discussed that …
By topic: Today’s generation … (Lee et al., 2015). This format will be used in all of the citations made.
V. APA Citation for works with associations, corporations, government agencies, etc. as the author
In this case, the associations, corporations, government agencies will serve as the author. The year of
publication is still needed.
Examples:
By author: According to the Department of Education (2012) …
By topic: The education is … (Department of Education, 2012).
However, if the associations, corporations, government agencies have a well-known abbreviation, the
abbreviations can be added in the first citation and will be used the proceeding citations to follow. Abbreviations
shall be enclosed in a bracket [ ].
Examples:
First Citation: Department of Education [DepEd] (2012)…
Second Citation: DepEd (2012) discussed …
VIII. APA Citation for websites with author and year published
In citing literatures from this source, the author-date format is still used.
Examples:
By author: John (2010) states that the …
By topic: The … (John, 2010).
IX. APA Citation for websites without author but with the year published
In citing this source,the title will replace the author and will follow the author-date format. The title will
be enclosed in quotation marks (“).
Examples:
By author: “The Solar System” (2012) ….
By topic: It is said that … (“The Solar System”, 2012)
X. APA Citation for websites with author but without year published
To cite these sources, date will be abbreviated by “n.d.”, which means “no date”.
Examples:
By author: Green (n.d.) stated that …
By topic: Accordingly, … (Green, n.d.)
XI. APA Citation for websites without author and year published
To cite these sources, use the title of the enclosed with quotation marks (“) in lieu to the author, and
write “n.d.” to specify no date.
Examples:
By author: “The Hydrosphere” (n.d.) …
By topic: Accordingly, … (“The Hydrosphere, n.d.)
In the example above, the information to be included in the in- text citation are the author and
the number in the endnote that is categorized by the superscript. The end note follows the format:
Author’s first name, author’s last name, Title, (Place of Publication, Publisher, year published)reference
page.
2) CMS- Notes and Bibliography system citation for works with two authors The format for this system is
the same as those with one author.
Example:
In-text Citation:
Levi and Charles discussed that today’s tap water is not suitable for drinking anymore. 1
End note:
John Levi and Thomas Charles, Our water of today, (New York, LMR Publishing, 2016), 305
3) CMS- Notes and Bibliography system citation for works with four or more authors
This system follows the same format as of the preceding two. Only one name of the author will
be presented, followed by et al. to represent the remaining authors.
Example:
In-text Citation:
Levi et al. discussed that today’s tap water is not suitable for drinking anymore. 1
End note:
John Levi et al., Our water of today, (New York, LMR Publishing, 2016), 305
2. Author-Date System
The CMS author-date system is commonly used when a researcher will pursue studies in line with
physical, natural and social sciences. Unlike the notes and bibliography system, this system uses the author’s
surname and date of publication. The complete information of the source will be given in the bibliography
section.
1) CMS- Author-Date system citation for works with two authors
Example:
In-text: It is stated that … (Cruz 2003, 378).
This is the format for this system: (Author’s last name year, page).
2) CMS- Author-Date system citation for works with four authors
Example:
In-text: It is stated that … (Cruz et al. 2003, 378).
In this case, reflect only the first author and replace the remaining with et al.
Here are the guidelines of making a referencing list using the APA format from different sources.
1.1. Books
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
Format: Author’s last name, Author’s given name and middle name initials, (Year of publication). Title of
work: Subtitle. Location: Publisher.
Example: James, B.N. (2009). The history of the universe: Knowing the truth out of our existence. Los
Angeles, California: LMS Publishing.
1.2. Journal Articles
Format: Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author C.C. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, volume
number (issue number), pages.
Example: Gonzales, P. (2010). Chemistry and life: A study on the functions and importance of chemistry
in daily life. Chemistry Trivia. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 887-893.
1.3. Online news articles
Format: Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from
http://www.address.com/full/url/
Example: Cruz, K.L. (2019, January 23). The election mania. KBS News. Retrieved from
http://www.kbs.com/the_election_mania_2019
1.4. Online lecture notes and presentation slides
Format: Author, A.A. (Year). Title of article [file format]. Retrieved from
http://www.address.com/full/url
Example: Dela Cruz, A.N. (2019). The big bang theory [ppt]. Retrieved from
http://www.drive.google.com/file/6thgrkvlw5%bgmh/
2.1. Books
Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium
of Publication.
Example: James, Brian. The history of the Universe: Knowing the Truth out of Our Existence. Los Angeles,
California: LMS Publishing, 2009. Print.
3.1. Books
Format: Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example: James, Brian. The history of the universe: Knowing the truth out of our existence. Los Angeles,
California: LMS Publishing, 2009.
MODULE 4:
UNDERSTANDING WAYS TO COLLECT DATA
What I Need to Know
The 3 I’s : Inquiry, Investigation and Immersion module is a way of realizations
that come along their life such as the different issues which surrounds them. This query
is the act of understanding ways to collect data using explicit processes or techniques
used to recognize, choose, process and analyze data about an issue.
This module has five (5) lessons:
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
Objectives:
1. The learner describes adequately research design (either quantitative or
qualitative), sample, instrument used in quantitative research, data collection
and analysis procedures.
2. Presents written research methodology.
WHAT`S NEW?
Research Design
The research design states to the whole approach that you decide on to add the
different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will
effectively address the research problem; it constitutes the blueprint for the collection,
measurement, and analysis of data. Note that your research problem determines the type of
design you should use.
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
What is It
To unlock the challenges, would you be interested in choosing which design?
1. Quantitative / Qualitative Research
a. Quantitative Research: Methods that give emphasis to objective measurements
and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through samples,
questionnaires, and surveys, or by employing pre-existing statistical data using
computational techniques. Quantitative research concentrates on collecting numerical data
and simplifying it across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon.
b. Qualitative Research: A systematic subjective approach used to describe life
experiences and give them meaning. To gain insight; explore the depth, richness, and
complexity inherent in the phenomenon.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive-qualitative method in order to achieve the purpose
of this study - which is to determine and describe the experiences of women with breast
cancer from Thrive Breast Cancer Support Group in Cagayan de Oro City. It is descriptive in
a sense that the data obtained was analyzed and describe. Specifically use the
phenomenological type that describes the actual experiences of the women diagnosed with
breast cancer.
2. RESEARCH SETTING
What is research setting? = The area where the investigator conducts the study.
Behind mnemonic idea/sabout the issues in their chosen field is a great realization to
describe at different angles.
EXAMPLE:
Research Setting
The study was conducted in Macasandig, Cagayan de Oro City, one of the
respondents’ house. The house has a big room where they usually held the group gathering.
It can accommodate up to 50 persons. The respondents were comfortable in sharing their
experiences at this place. The time frame for the study was from November 2016- October
2017.
Construct a research setting on the space provided:
A good description of the place and specific details where the study took place is of
utmost important.
3. POPULATION (Respondents)
Persons who have been invited to participate in a particular study and have
actually taken part in the study.
4. SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Sampling Methods:
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Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
Example
Data Gathering Procedure
Upon the approval of the proposal by the research committee, the researchers
secured a permit to conduct this study from the Dean of College of Nursing. During the visit,
the date of the collections of the data from the respondents was set.
The researchers gave an informed consent before the start of the interview. The
researchers used an interview guide questionnaires themselves to ask questions to the
respondents. The answers made by the respondents recorded and written on the interview
guide questionnaire as the data for this study. After gathering the data, the researchers
collected and made transcriptions of the gathered responses. After that, the researchers
analyzed and interpreted the data.
Statistical Techniques
The analysis interpretation of the gathered data was facilitating by used of the
following statistical measure.
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1. The frequency and percentage counts used to describe the tabulated data for
respondent profile.
a. Percentage distribution
Percentage % = f/n
Where %-percentage symbol
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