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    Nueral nets

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    40 views2 pages

    NN in Aviation

    Uploaded by

    Joshua Brown
    Nueral nets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Using of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for Aircraft

    Motion Parameters Identification

    Anatolij Bondarets and Olga Kreerenko

    Beriev Aircraft Company, Aviatorov Square 1,


    347900 Taganrog, Russia
    [email protected], [email protected]

    Abstract. The application of neural networks to solve an engineering problem


    is introduced in the paper. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used for model
    parameters identification of aircraft motion. Unlike conventional identification
    methods, neural networks have memory, so results are verified and accumulated
    during repeated “training” cycles (when new samples of initial data are used).
    The DCSL (Dynamic Cell Structure) neural network from “Adaptive Neural
    Network Library” is selected as the identification tool. The problem is solved
    using Matlab Simulink tool. The program includes math model of aircraft mo-
    tion along runway. The data accumulated from flight tests in real conditions
    were used to form samples for training of neural networks.. The math modeling
    results have been tested for convergence with experimental data.

    Keywords: Artificial neural networks, math model, identification.

    1 Introduction
    Calculations and mathematical modeling are essential for the aircraft development
    and determination of its operating limitations, including estimation of aircraft behav-
    ior safety limits. The recent development of aircraft modeling applied for real time
    analysis of flight data enables to prevent accidents [1,2] and demand the reliable
    mathematical presentation of an aircraft and its systems behavior. However, applica-
    tion of computational methods requires compliance between the computation (math
    modeling) results and the experimental data, i.e. it is necessary to identify the math
    model parameters from the experimental data of real object behavior.
    The experience in development and application of the procedure for the flight dy-
    namics math model parameters estimation according to flight tests data [3, 4] has
    shown that the most complicated element of practical identification tasks is the ad-
    justment of identification results obtained from different samples of initial data. The
    effort to solve this problem was made in the procedure [3] by identification of correc-
    tions for aerodynamic coefficients with “parallel” optimization of disagreement crite-
    ria in two (some) flight test data fragments obtained in similar conditions at similar
    speed and altitudes (for example: maneuvers with stick “to the left” and “to the right”,
    “forwards” and “backwards”). However, when solving the problem [4], main efforts
    were made to adjust the corrections determined by identification procedure on differ-
    ent data samples.

    D. Palmer-Brown et al. (Eds.): EANN 2009, CCIS 43, pp. 246–256, 2009.
    © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
    Using of ANN for Aircraft Motion Parameters Identification 247

    Artificial neural networks (ANN) allow determination of the required relations be-
    tween input and output parameters of the object. Moreover, unlike the traditional
    identification methods, neural networks have a memory: it means that the results
    could be verified and accumulated during repeated “training” cycles (during the proc-
    essing of new samples of initial data). Thus, neural networks allow getting the re-
    quired relations for wide range of conditions at once and, as a result, to align random
    factors, which are unavoidable for experimental data.
    This paper presents the use of neural network to solve the problem of identification
    (during the aircraft takeoff or landing run on a concrete runway) of rolling resistance
    and wheels braking coefficients. In recent years international aviation community has
    paid much attention to the analysis of aircraft behavior during its motion on runway,
    in particular during take-off and landing on precipitation-covered runway. For in-
    stance, since 1996 NASA, FAA and Transport Canada have been performed
    JW/RFMP program (The Joint Winter Runway Friction Measurement Program).
    Present-day knowledge about aircraft behavior on the contaminated runway are gen-
    eralized in the amendment to European certification requirements (NPA No.
    14/2004), developed by JAA, but the conclusion on the necessity of further investiga-
    tion of this problem was made. Reports on flight accidents, related to aircraft overrun
    the runway indicate the necessity of such research.
    At this stage we considered to estimate the efficiency of neural networks as the
    means of identification of the aircraft motion math model parameters. For this pur-
    pose the simple enough but practically important task was selected: evaluation of
    wheels compression and their rotational speed influence on the friction coefficient
    value (for dry concrete runway). This task is presented here in details.
    A more complicated procedure based on ANN application, which is presented here
    in main results, is intended for identification of dependencies describing wheels resis-
    tance and braking performances on precipitation-covered runway (see [5]).

    2 Longitudinal Forces during Takeoff Run


    The given task is related to rolling friction for the entire aircraft wheel system, i.e.
    difference in conditions of separate wheels rolling is not taken into account. It is sup-
    posed that under these conditions the load on main landing gear (MLG) wheels is
    distributed uniformly, and the load on nose landing gear (NLG) wheels is low, i.e. the
    error due to such simplification can not be large because of the inessential share of
    NLG wheels in the total resistance to rolling.
    In the given task, projections of the forces to longitudinal axis (along runway) are
    presented as follows:
    Fx = P - G*sin(i) - Xaero- FR , where (1)

    G – aircraft weight; i – runway slope angle (uphill >0); P – engines thrust; Xaero = CD *q*S; q – dynamic
    pressure; S – wing area; FR = µ R* Fy; Fy = G*cos(i) - Yaero; Yaero = CL*q*S.

    Nature of rolling friction coefficient µ R is shown in Fig. 1 taken from [6]. At this
    figure, parameter “а” determines the resultant normal force displacement from the

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