8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No.

218964

Today is Saturday, August 27, 2022

  Constitution Statutes Executive Issuances Judicial Issuances Other Issuances Jurisprudence International Legal Resources AUSL Exclusive

FIRST DIVISION

[ G.R. No. 218964, June 30, 2020 ]

MARIA AURORA G. MATHAY, ISMAEL G. MATHAY III, MARIA SONYA M. RODRIGUEZ, AND RAMON G.
MATHAY,* PETITIONERS, VS. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND ANDREA L. GANDIONCO,
RESPONDENTS.

RESOLUTION

CAGUIOA, J:

The Case

This is a Petition for Review on  Certiorari1  (Petition) filed under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court against the
Decision2 dated March 6, 2015 and Resolution3 dated June 18, 2015 in CA-G.R. SP. No. 137194 rendered by the
Court of Appeals (CA) Special Division of Five Former Special Fifteenth Division.

The assailed Decision and Resolution upheld the Order4  dated September 10, 2014 issued by the Regional Trial
Court (RTC) of Pasig City, Branch 265 in Criminal Case No. 153895-PSG,5 which denied the Omnibus Motion and
Motion to Suspend Proceedings filed by petitioners, and ordered the issuance of warrants of arrest against them.

The Facts

Petitioners Maria Sonya M. Rodriguez (Maria Sonya), Ismael G. Mathay III (Ismael III), Ramon G. Mathay (Ramon),
and Maria Aurora G. Mathay (Maria Aurora) are siblings, whose parents are the late Quezon City Mayor Ismael A.
Mathay, Jr. (Ismael) and Sonya Gandionco Mathay (Sonya).6

On March 6, 1980, Sonya and her sons, Ismael III and Ramon, along with Sonya's youngest sister, Andrea L.
Gandionco (private respondent), organized Goldenrod, Inc. During her lifetime, Sonya managed and operated
Goldenrod, Inc.7

At the time of her death on November 22, 2012, Goldenrod, Inc.'s General Information Sheet (GIS) dated April 4,
2012 reflected Sonya as having subscribed to 30,000 shares of stocks in Goldenrod, Inc., equivalent to 60% of its
total shareholdings. This GIS was signed by its corporate secretary, Aida Palarca (Aida), and filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).8  It showed the respective shares of the other Goldenrod, Inc.'s
stockholders as follows:

SONYA MATHAY 30,000 SHARES 0.6

MARIA SONYA M. RODRIGUEZ 5,000 SHARES 0.1

ISMAEL G. MATHAY III 5,000 SHARES 0.1

RAMON ISMAEL G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 0.1

MARIA AURORA G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 10%9

https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 1/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
On December 7, 2012, after Sonya's death, an amended GIS of Goldenrod, Inc. was filed with the SEC. It was
signed and attested by Aida, and showed a substantial reduction of the shares of Sonya from 30,000 to 4,000, or
from 60% to 8% ownership of Goldenrod, Inc.'s outstanding shares. At the same time, the amended GIS showed
that private respondent owned 26,000 shares or 52% of the shareholdings of Goldenrod, Inc.,10 to wit:

SONYA MATHAY 4,000 SHARES 0.08

MARIA SONYA M. RODRIGUEZ 5,000 SHARES 0.1

ISMAEL G. MATHAY III 5,000 SHARES 0.1

RAMON ISMAEL G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 0.1

MARIA AURORA G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 0.1

ANDREA L. GANDIONCO 26,000 SHARES 52%11

The amendment of the GIS was prompted by the presentation of a Declaration and Share Purchase Agreement
(SPA) by private respondent to Aida. The Declaration was dated December 24, 2011 and executed by Sonya, who
acknowledged therein that private respondent is the real owner of the 60% shares of stock in Goldenrod, Inc. she
(Sonya) held on record. Sonya, in said Declaration, returned 52% of said shares of stock to private respondent
through the SPA. The remaining 8% shares, upon the wishes of private respondent, were donated to petitioners, but
were placed under Sonya's custodianship until their actual distribution to petitioners.12

On February 5, 2013 and February 11, 2013, petitioners successively filed two (2) GIS of Goldenrod, Inc. (both for
the year 2013) with the SEC. These were signed and attested by Ramon as the new Corporate Secretary. Both
GISs showed an increase of Sonya's shares to 60% (30,000 shares) from the 8% shares (4,000 shares) reflected in
the amended GIS dated December 7, 2012. Private respondent's name as shareholder was likewise conspicuously
absent.13 Thus:

SONYA MATHAY 30,000 SHARES 0.6

MARIA SONYA M. RODRIGUEZ 5,000 SHARES 0.1
ISMAEL G. MATHAY III 5,000 SHARES 0.1

RAMON ISMAEL G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 0.1

MARIA AURORA G. MATHAY 5,000 SHARES 10%14

On February 11, 2013, Goldenrod, Inc. executed the Deed of Absolute Sale of its real estate covered by Transfer
Certificate of Title (TCT) No. T-92106 in favor of YIC Group of Companies, Inc. for the sum of P8.1 Million.15

On February 18, 2013, private respondent filed a civil complaint for Injunction with Prayer for the Issuance of
Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) and Writ of Preliminary Mandatory Injunction, and Mandamus against
petitioners. It was filed before the Quezon City RTC, Branch 93, and docketed as Civil Case No. Q-13-289. Private
respondent claimed deprivation of 26,000 shares (52%) of Goldenrod, Inc. belonging to her by virtue of the SPA she
allegedly entered into with Sonya. Thus, she prayed: (1) for the return of 26,000 shares; (2) to call a special
stockholders' meeting to elect a new set of directors; (3) to restrain petitioners from managing and exercising the
powers and duties as directors of Goldenrod, Inc.; (4) for accounting of proceeds and funds paid to, received, and
earned by Goldenrod, Inc.; and (5) for inventory of assets of Goldenrod, Inc.16

On April 23, 2013, Ismael filed a complaint against private respondent to declare null and void the SPA. It was filed
before the Quezon City RTC, Branch 91 and docketed as Civil Case No. Q-13-73089. Ismael alleged that the SPA
lacks his written consent, in contravention of Article 124 of the Family Code.17

On March 26, 2014, private respondent filed a complaint against petitioners for Qualified Theft through Falsification
of Public Documents by a Private Individual.18 On May 14, 2014, an Information19 was filed in court, the accusatory
portion of which reads:

"During the period from February 5 to 11, 2013, in Pasig City, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the
accused, being then members of the Board of Directors and officers of Goldenrod, Inc., and as such has access to
the corporate papers and properties of the said company, conspiring and confederating together, and all of them
mutually helping and aiding one another, with grave abuse of confidence, and with intent to gain, without the
knowledge and consent of the owner thereof, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously commit acts of
falsification in preparing or causing to prepare two (2) General Information Sheets (GIS). which are public
documents, by removing the name of the complainant Andrea L. Gandionco represented by Johnny T. Medina,

https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 2/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
retaining the name of Sonya G. Mathay, complainant's sister which is (sic) already deceased since November 22,
2012, and placing the name of Ramon G. Mathay, who is one and the same person, which making it appear to be
true, when in truth and in fact they were false and falsify (sic), and as result thereof, the accused took full and
exclusive ownership of the real property covered by Transfer Certificate of Title No. T-92106 in the name of
Goldenrod, Inc., enabling to (sic) accused to execute a deed of Absolute Sale and was able to dispose and sell the
said property, to the damage and prejudice of complainant Andre (sic) L. Gandionco in the amount of
Php4,212,000.00 corresponding [to] her 52% shares, being the stockholder of the said company.

Contrary to law."20

Petitioners filed an Omnibus Motion for: (1) Judicial Determination of Probable Cause; (2) Annulment of the
Resolution dated May 8, 2014 of Pasig City Assistant Prosecutor Leoncio D. De Guzman; (3) Quashal of
Information; and (4) Suspension of the Issuance of Warrant of Arrest pending final resolution on the merits of said
Omnibus Motion. They also filed a Motion to Suspend Proceedings on the ground of a prejudicial question in view of
a pending civil case.21

RTC Proceedings

The RTC, in its Order22 dated September 10, 2014, denied the motions of petitioners and ordered the issuance of
the corresponding warrants of arrest against them.23 Holding that a finding of probable cause does not require an
inquiry into whether there is sufficient evidence to procure a conviction, the trial court found that the allegations in
the Information and the affidavit-complaint, together with the documents submitted by the prosecution,  prima
facie show all the elements of qualified theft through falsification of public documents. The trial court observed that it
was alleged in the Information that petitioners, with grave abuse of confidence and with intent to gain, conspired in
taking away the amount of P4,212,000.00 without the consent and knowledge of private respondent. The act was
accomplished by falsifying two (2) GISs, removing private respondent from the list of owners/shareholders, and
selling the property of the corporation. The taking, according to the RTC, appears to have been made with grave
abuse of confidence, inasmuch as petitioners could not have taken the subject shares of stocks if not for the
positions they hold in the company and their blood relationship with private respondent.24

Furthermore, the RTC gave credence to the Declaration where Sonya admitted that her sister, private respondent, is
the real owner of the 60% shares of stocks of Goldenrod, Inc.25

On the other hand, the counter-allegations of petitioners essentially delved on evidentiary matters that are best
passed upon in a full-blown trial.26

As regards the issue on prejudicial question, the RTC found it premature to suspend the criminal action on this
ground because of its lack of jurisdiction on the person of the accused. The RTC held it untenable for petitioners to
seek such relief without surrendering to the jurisdiction of the court.27

CA Proceedings

Petitioners thereafter filed a Petition for  Certiorari  with Urgent Prayer for Issuance of TRO/Preliminary Injunction
before the CA. Petitioners argued that the trial court judge acted with grave abuse of discretion when he: (1) failed to
quash the Information on the ground that the facts as charged do not constitute an offense; (2) allowed the issuance
of warrants of arrest against petitioners without the benefit of bail; and (3) failed to suspend the proceedings despite
the manifest existence of a prejudicial question in a previously instituted civil case (Civil Case No. Q-13-289).28

The CA denied the petition for lack of merit.29 The CA ruled that petitioners' alleged act of falsifying the two (2) GISs
of Goldenrod, Inc. in order to consummate the sale of a real property owned by the corporation, thereby depriving
private respondent of her shares in the proceeds thereof, may be construed as taking of personal property of
another. Private respondent, who claims to be the lawful owner of the 52% shares of stock of Goldenrod, Inc. by
virtue of the purported Declaration and SPA signed in her favor by Sonya before she died, may be considered to
have been deprived of her right to possess, enjoy, and control said personal property through the act of petitioners
(in their capacity as officers and members of the Board of Directors of Goldenrod, Inc.) of excluding her name in the
GISs.30

The CA gave short shrift to the argument of petitioners that the ownership over the subject property must first be
determined. Citing  Miranda v. People31  (Miranda), the CA held that in the crime of theft, ownership of the stolen
property is immaterial. The law merely requires that the stolen property must not belong to the
offender.32 Parenthetically, the CA also held that the resolution of Civil Case No. Q-13-289 will not be determinative
of the outcome of the present criminal case as they are independent of each other. The CA emphasized that the
only issues in the present criminal case are: (1) whether petitioners falsified the two (2) subject GISs; and (2)
whether petitioners, with intent to gain and without private respondent's consent, took her share from the purchase
price of the sale of the real property of Goldenrod, Inc. with YIC Group of Companies, Inc.33

https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 3/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
Finally, the CA found no grave abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court in ordering the issuance of warrants
of arrest against petitioners in view of the denial of their motions. The CA found it procedurally incumbent upon the
trial court to issue the warrants of arrest so it can acquire jurisdiction over the persons of petitioners. The CA found
nothing wrong with the issuance of the warrants of arrest without the benefit of bail since the offense charged was
non-bailable and there was no proof that petitioners even filed a petition for bail.34

Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration, but the same was denied for lack of merit via the assailed
Resolution35 dated June 18, 2015. Hence, this Petition.

On January 22, 2016, petitioners filed an Urgent Motion for Application for a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO)
and Writ of Preliminary Injunction. The Court, in a Resolution36  dated February 17, 2016 granted this motion and
issued a TRO enjoining the proceedings in Criminal Case No. 153895 and the implementation of the warrants of
arrest and Hold Departure Order against petitioners arising from the Information. The TRO took effect immediately
and continues to be effective until further orders from the Court.

Issue

Before the Court can delve into the other issues raised by petitioners on whether there is probable cause to charge
them with Qualified Theft through Falsification of Public Documents, and whether the Information is defective, the
Court holds that the threshold legal issue that needs to be confronted first is whether there is a prejudicial question
which warrants the suspension of the criminal proceedings against petitioners.

The Court's Ruling

The Court rules in the affirmative.

Sections 6 and 7 of Rule 111 of the Rules on Criminal Procedure provide when a criminal action may be suspended
upon the pendency of a prejudicial question in a civil action, and what the elements of the prejudicial question are,
respectively:

SEC. 6. Suspension by reason of prejudicial question. – A petition for suspension of the criminal action based upon
the pendency of a prejudicial question in a civil action may be filed in the office of the prosecutor or the court
conducting the preliminary investigation. When the criminal action has been filed in court for trial, the petition to
suspend shall be filed in the same criminal action at any time before the prosecution rests.

SEC. 7. Elements of prejudicial question. – The elements of a prejudicial question are: (a) the previously instituted
civil action involves an issue similar or intimately related to the issue raised in the subsequent criminal action, and
(b) the resolution of such issue determines whether or not the criminal action may proceed.

The prejudicial question must be determinative of the case before the court, but the jurisdiction to try and resolve the
question must be lodged in another court or tribunal. It is a question based on a fact distinct and separate from the
crime, but so intimately connected with it that its ascertainment determines the guilt or innocence of the accused.
For it to suspend the criminal action, it must appear not only that the civil case involves facts intimately related to
those upon which the criminal prosecution would be based, but also that in the resolution of the issue or issues
raised in the civil case, the guilt or innocence of the accused would necessarily be determined.37

There are two pending civil cases, Civil Case No. Q-13-73089 and Civil Case No. Q-13-289, which bear issues that,
to the mind of the Court, are determinative of the guilt or innocence of petitioners in the instant criminal case.

Civil Case No. Q-13-73089 is a complaint for nullity of the SPA filed by Ismael against private respondent, attacking
the validity of the SPA on the ground of his lack of consent thereto. Civil Case No. Q-13-289, on the other hand,
involves private respondent praying for the return to her of 26,000 shares of stock in Goldenrod, Inc., among others.
She claims ownership over these shares on the basis of the SPA.

The Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), in its Comment,38 argued that there can be no prejudicial question in a
complex crime for the reason that when a complex crime is charged and one offense is not proven, the accused can
be convicted of the other. It also argued that there is no prejudicial question because Civil Case No. Q-13-73089
was already dismissed by the trial court.

Private respondent, for her part, argued that there can be no prejudicial question because even if the trial court finds
that the SPA is invalid, petitioners would still be liable for qualified theft on the basis of the ruling in Miranda that the
ownership of the stolen property is immaterial.

The Court disagrees with the arguments of both the private respondent and the OSG.

Firstly, petitioners, in their Reply39 dated January 18, 2016, attached a Resolution40 from the trial court reconsidering
its previous dismissal of the complaint in Civil Case No. Q-13-73089. This has not been disputed by the OSG. It
would appear therefore that Civil Case No. Q-13-73089 is still very much alive.
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 4/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
Secondly, in the event that the trial court in Civil Case No. Q-13-289 rules in favor of petitioners or that the SPA is
rendered void in Civil Case No. Q-13-73089, it would follow that private respondent is not entitled to 26,000 shares
of stock of Goldenrod, Inc. As such, a criminal case against petitioners for either a complex crime of Qualified Theft
through Falsification of Public Documents or any of such component crimes would have no leg to stand on.

The crime of qualified theft is found in Article 310 and is read in relation to Article 308 of the RPC. These Articles
1âшphi1

provide:

Art. 310.  Qualified theft.  – The crime of theft shall be punished by the penalties next higher by two degrees than
those respectively specified in the next preceding articles, if committed by a domestic servant, or with grave abuse
of confidence, or if the property stolen is motor vehicle, mail matter or large cattle or consists of coconuts taken from
the premises of a plantation, fish taken from a fishpond or fishery, or if property is taken on the occasion of fire,
earthquake, typhoon, volcanic eruption, or any other calamity, vehicular accident or civil disturbance.

Art. 308. Who are liable for theft. – Theft is committed by any person who, with intent to gain but without violence
against or intimidation of persons nor force upon things, shall take personal property of another without the latter's
consent.

xxxx

Thus, the elements of qualified theft, committed with grave abuse of confidence, are:

1. Taking of personal property;

2. That the said property belongs to another;

3. That the said taking be done with intent to gain;

4. That it be done without the owner's consent;

5. That it be accomplished without the use of violence or intimidation against persons, nor of force upon
things;

6. That it be done with grave abuse of confidence.41

On the other hand, Falsification under Article 172. in relation to Article 171(4) of the RPC, is committed as follows:

Art. 172.  Falsification by private individual and use of falsified documents.  – The penalty of  prision
correccional  in its medium and maximum periods and a fine of not more than 5,000 pesos shall be
imposed upon:

1. Any private individual who shall commit any of the falsifications enumerated in the next
preceding article in any public or official document or letter of exchange or any other kind of
commercial document[.]

Art. 171. Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister. – The penalty
of prision mayor and a fine not to exceed 5,000 pesos shall be imposed upon any public officer,
employee, or notary who. taking advantage of his official position, shall falsify a document by
committing any of the following acts:

xxxx

4. Making untruthful statements in a narration of facts[.]

The elements of falsification of public documents under Article 171(4) of the RPC are:

(a) The offender makes in a document untruthful statements in a narration of facts;

(b) The offender has a legal obligation to disclose the truth of the facts narrated;

(c) The facts narrated by the offender are absolutely false; and

(d) The perversion of truth in the narration of facts was made with the wrongful intent to
injure a third person.42

Hence, should private respondent be adjudged not entitled to the 26,000 shares of stocks in the pending civil cases,
there could have been no crime of qualified theft to speak of as the elements of: (1) the property belonging to
another; (2) the taking done with intent to gain; (3) the taking done without the owner's consent; and (4) the taking
done with abuse of confidence would be absent.
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 5/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
In the same vein, there would be no crime of falsification to speak of, as well, because there would be no perversion
of truth and the statements in the two (2) GISs in 2013 would neither be "untruthful statements in a narration of
facts," nor "absolutely false."

WHEREFORE, the Petition is GRANTED. The Decision and Resolution dated March 6, 2015 and June 18, 2015,
respectively, of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP. No. 137194 are SET ASIDE. The proceedings in Criminal Case
No. 153895-PSG and the implementation of the warrants of arrest and Hold Departure Order against petitioners are
hereby ORDERED SUSPENDED until Civil Cases No. Q-13-73089 and Q-13-289 are terminated and resolved with
finality.

SO ORDERED.

Peralta, C.J., (Chairperson), J. Reyes, Jr., Lazaro-Javier, and Lopez, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

* Also known as Ramon Ismael G. Mathay. See rollo, pp. 19, 55 and 125.
1
 Rollo, pp. 17-53.
2
 Id. at 54-75. Penned by Associate Justice Stephen C. Cruz, with Associate Justices Sesinando E. Villon and
Romeo F. Barza concurring; Associate Justice Florito S. Macalino filed a Dissenting Opinion (id.at 76-86) and
Associate Justice Agnes Reyes-Carpio joined in the Dissenting Opinion of Justice Macalino.
3
 Id. at 87-88.
4
 Id. at 125-130. Penned by Judge Danilo A. Buemio.
5
 Also appears as Criminal Case No. 153895 in some parts of the rollo.
6
 Rollo, p. 55.
7
 Id.
8
 Id.
9
 Id. at 55-56.
10
 Id. at 56-57.
11
 Id. at 56.
12
 Id. at 58-59.
13
 Id. at 57.
14
 Id. at 57-58.
15
 Id. at 23.
16
 Id.
17
 Id.
18
 Id. at 58.
19
 Docketed as Criminal Care No. 153895-PSG and filed before the RTC of Pasig City, Branch 265.
20
 Rollo, pp. 60-61.
21
 Id. at 61.
22
 Id. at 125-130.
23
 Id. at 130.
24
 Id. at 126-128.
https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 6/7
8/27/22, 2:11 AM G.R. No. 218964
25
 Id. at 127.
26
 Id. at 128.
27
 Id. at 129.
28
 See id. at 62.
29
 Id. at 74.
30
 Id. at 66.
31
 G.R. No. 176298, January 25, 2012, 664 SCRA 124.
32
 Rollo, p. 67.
33
 See id. at 74.
34
 Id. at 70-72.
35
 Id. at 87-88.
36
 Id. at 402-403.
37
 Reyes v. Pearlbank Securities, Inc., G.R. No. 171435, July 30, 2008, 560 SCRA 518, 539-540.
38
 Rollo, pp. 315-340.
39
 Id. at 373-390.
40
 Id. at 391-394. Penned by Presiding Judge Lita S. Tolentino-Genilo.
41
 People v. Cahilig, G.R. No. 199208, July 30, 2014, 731 SCRA 414, 424.
42
  See  Daan v. Sandiganbayan (Fourth Division)), G.R. Nos. 163972-77, March 28, 2008, 550 SCRA 233,
246.

The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation

https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2020/jun2020/gr_218964_2020.html 7/7