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Effects of Land-Use Types On Some Soil Properties in Tsinipanbe, Chunku, Wukari L.G.a, Taraba State, Nigeria
Effects of Land-Use Types On Some Soil Properties in Tsinipanbe, Chunku, Wukari L.G.a, Taraba State, Nigeria
ISSN No:-2456-2165
b. Hydrology
Wukari is govern by it headquarter in the town on the
A4 highway, Wukari is bounded by the river Donga which
flows through the Benue River and forms a boundary with
Nasarawa state to the northeast.(Blench and Roger 2019).
c. Climate
The entire area is a gently undulating plain, with a mean Fig 1: Map of Wukari Local Government showing the study
altitude of 200 m above sea level. The drainage systems drain area
northward and serve as tributaries network to the River Benue Source: Oko et al., 2017
while eastward discharge of rivulets and other smaller
tributaries from Wukari town drains towards the Donga f. Sampling and Sample Preparation
River, which is a major tributary of River Benue. The mean The total of two representative soil profile pits of depths,
annual rainfall value ranges from 1000 - 1500 mm. The onset (0-15, 15-30, 30-53, 53-68, 68-100cm) and (0-20, 20-31, 31-
of the raining season is usually around April while the offset 52, 52-76, 76-100cm) for toe slope and mid slope respectively
period is October. The mean maximum temperature is being was dug in the land use. The coordinates was obtained using
experienced around April at about 40ºC while the mean GPS. The field characterization of the profiles was carried out
minimum temperature occurs between the period of and the soil samples were obtained from the pedons horizons
December and February at about 20ºC (NIMET, 2015). at the bottom of the profiles so as to avoid contamination. The
samples were preserved in polyethylene bags and were taken
d. Vegetation to the laboratory for physicochemical and morphological
Vegetation of Wukari Local Government Area falls properties. The soil sample collected from each horizon was
within the Southern guinea savannah zone. The vegetation air dried at room temperature, grading using mortar and pestle
manifest seasonal pattern and it is mainly of tree savannah in and was pass through 2mm sieve in the laboratory for all soil
which the dominant species is the large red heart (Hymeno analysis except for soil organic matter (SOM) and total
cardia) providing a limited amount of shade. The nitrogen, which was further pass through 0.5mm sieve. And
accompanying shrubs and grasses are Guinea grass (Panicum the samples were analyzed for physical, chemical and
maximum), speargrass (Imperata cylindrica), Morning glory morphological properties.
(Ipomoea carnea), Pignut (Hyptis suaveolens), Bahama grass
(Cynodon dactylon), Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis),
Wiregrass (Eleusine indica), Lemon verbena (Lippia dubai),
sedge flower (Cyperus difformis) etc. There are also
restricted areas of hard wood (Isoberlina) savannah
woodland, which forms the forest reserves of the area. Other
species include Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldu- lensis),
Neem tree (Azadirachta indica), Gmelina (Gmelina arborea),
B. Physical properties of soil pedons studied 29.60% for CLA and 30.20% for FLA. It decreases and
Soil physical properties are important indicators to increases irregularly with increasing depth, while clay
evaluate the activities of agricultural practices. The soil content was observed to have a mean value of 12.48% for
properties of different sizes are the factors that impact on crop CLA and 19.96% for FLA respectively. The clay content
root, growth and nutrient transport. The particle size decreases down the depth in CLA, which could be attributed
distributions of the soil of the studied site are as presented in to sorting of soil minerals by biological and agricultural
table 3. The sand percentages mean value range from 57.92% activities. Therefore, sand dominated in both the CLA and
for CLA and 49.84% for FLA. Silt has a mean value of FLA of the studied pedons.
C. Soil chemical properties in the studied pedons on soil pH, cation Exchange capacity, base saturation, water
Table 4 displays the laboratory chemical analysis of the holding capacity and ECEC (Akamigbo, 1999). The total
soil from the studied area. The mean value of pH across the nitrogen content was increased by the land uses over the
area is 6.9 in CLA and 6.8 in FLA. This shows that the soil is critical values of 0.15%. It has been observed that the main
acidic. The acidic condition of various land use types could cause of nitrogen deficiency in tropical soil is intense
be attributed to severe leaching by high rainfall and low leaching and erosion due to high rainfall and absorption of
organic matter content. The soil organic matter content has a some nutrients by the plants. And the content of available
mean value of 0.48 in CLA and 0.56 for FLA respectively. phosphorus in the analysis of the soil obtained in the study
Both show low content of organic matter, than in the critical area at CLA showed a decreased of trend of about 15.76 at
level (1.5%-2.0%) for tropical soils of Nigeria. The values CLA and 16.83 at FLA which depicts a low level of
were less equally at variance with the critical value of 3% for occurrence<15mg/kg. This could be attributed to local or
northern Nigeria Soils. This can be attributed to management natural manner of fertilizer application. Exchangeable bases
practices such as frequent bush burning, continuous farming values showed that Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium
and runoff by water. Organic matter has a positive influence (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) were low in both the CLA and
Cultivated land
AP 0-15 6.9 1.47 0.85 1.7 0.5 17.3 0.1 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.7 5.85 97.4 5.37
3 9 5 6 2 2 4
AB 15- 6.9 0.33 0.19 1.6 0.12 16.3 0.1 4.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.6 5.75 97.3 4.88
30 4 7 5 6 2 2 9
Bt 30- 6.9 0.38 0.22 1.6 0.14 11.4 1.1 4.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 5.5 5.66 97.8 6.06
53 5 2 1 2 1 4 8
Bt1 53- 6.7 0.12 0.07 1.6 0.04 16.9 0.1 4.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.5 5.65 97.8 5.15
68 8 4 2 1 1 1 3 8
Bt2 68- 6.7 0.12 0.07 1.6 0.04 16.6 0.1 4.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 5.5 5.7 97.8 5.66
100 7 7 2 6 1 1 8 9
6.8 0.48 1.6 0.16 15.7 0.3 4.2 0.3 0.2 5.5 5.72 97.6 5.42
64 4 0.28 2 8 64 32 6 0.8 16 14 9 2 96 4
1.2 116. 116. 2.7 113. 15.4 132 1.2 8.1 1.7 2.5 1.2
1.43 0.26 8.42
0 50 40 6 80 8 .8 86 5 3 6 1
Fallowl
and
AP 0-206.8 0.38 0.22 1.8 0.12 15.6 0.1 4.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.8 5.99 97.8 5.11
2 2 9 6 4 6 6 3
AB 20- 6.8 1.47 0.85 1.7 0.5 18.6 0.1 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.1 5.86 97.4 5.12
31 2 2 5 4 2 5 7 4
Bt 31- 6.8 0.52 0.3 1.6 0.19 14.9 0.1 4.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.8 6.01 98 5.56
52 1 2 2 1 2 6 9
Bt1 52- 6.8 0.12 0.07 1.6 0.04 17.3 0.1 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.6 5.79 97.9 5.31
76 2 3 2 1 2 4 7 3
Bt2 76- 6.7 0.33 0.93 1.6 0.58 17.6 0.1 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.6 5.77 9.27 5.24
100 9 5 2 1 4 7
6.8 0.56 0.47 1.6 0.28 16.8 0.1 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 5.6 5.88 80.0 5.26
12 4 4 6 6 28 36 6 28 22 5 52 4 94 8
0.1 93.3 82.2 5.3 83.7 25. 2.0 2.6 3.4 4.0 5.1 49.4
9.03 1.89 3.48
9 4 1 9 6 79 51 2 0 0 0 3
OC= Organic carbon, OM= Organic matter, TN= Total nitrogen, AvP= Available phosphorus, TEA= Total exchangeable acidity,
TEB= Total exchangeable bases, ECEC= Effective cation exchange capacity, BS= Base saturation
The Crops that will be Suitable in land use of the Soil (CLA) and 49.84 for fallow land area (FLA) of the studied
Studied Area pedons. This showed that sand dominated the soil separates
According to the result of the analysis obtained both for of silt and clay in the studied area
cultivated land area and fallow land area maize, millet and
sorghum are the identified crops that are suitable to use in the E. Taxonomy Classification of Soils in the Studied Area
studied area due to the available nutrient element present in The soils of the studied area were classified using
the pedons studied because they are micronutrients which the USDA soil taxonomy system, Soil Survey Staff (2014) and
plants required in small quantity. The available nutrients are correlated with world reference base (IUSS, 2015). Pedon 1
obtained with a mean value range for TN=1.62, AvP=15.764, was classified as Typic Kandiustalfs (Hypereutric Lixisoils),
Ca=4.26, Mg=0.8, K=0.316, Na=5.722 for cultivated land while pedon 2 was classified as Arenic (Kandiustalfs Loamic
area (CLA) and for fallow land area (FLA) the mean value Lixisol).
range for TN=1.66, AvP=16.828, Ca=4.36, Mg=0.828,
K=0.322, Na=0.25 respectively. Also, the result showed that PEDON 1
the crops can thrived well in both of the studied pedons at the Features: sandy particles class throughout a layer and
pH value range of 6.9-6.8 which indicated that the soil is the epipedon has a texture class of sand loamy throughout,
slightly acidic. Furthermore, there is a reduction in crops high base saturation >50%, ustic soil moisture regime,
yield due to low organic matter (OM) and organic carbon isophyerthermic soil temperature, Kandic horizon, argillic
(OC) contents in both of the studied pedons and sand have the horizon.
highest mean value range from 57.92% in cultivated land area