STOCK EXCHANGE

A Stock Exchange Securities Exchange or bourse is a facility where stockbrokers

and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock in bonds and
other financial instruments. Stock exchanges may also provide 4 facilities for
the issue and redemption of such securities and instruments and capital events
including the payment of income and dividends.
To be able to trade a security order certain Stock Exchange, the securities must
be listed their trade on a Stock Exchange is restricted to brokers who
exchange.

MAJOR STOCK EXCHANGES IN INDIA

There are two major types of Stock Exchanges in India, namely the-
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)- This particular Stock Exchange was established
in 1875 in Mumbai at Dalal Street. It is renowned as the oldest stock exchange
not just in Asia and is the ‘World’s 10th largest Stock Exchange’.
As of April, the estimated market capitalization of the Bombay stock exchange
stands as $4.9 Trillion and has around 6000 companies publicly listed under it.
National Stock Exchange (NSE)- The NSE was established in 1992 in Mumbai
and is accredited as the pioneer in the demutualized electronic stock exchange
market in India. This stock exchange market was established to eliminate the
monopolistic impact of the Bombay Stock Exchange in the Indian stock market.
HISTORY OF STOCK EXCHANGE IN INDIA
Corporate shares started being traded in the 1830s in Bombay (now Mumbai)
with the stock of Bank and Cotton presses. The simple and informal beginnings
of stock exchanges in India take one back to the 1850s when 22 stockbrokers
began trading opposite the Town Hall of Bombay under a banyan tree.
The venue then shifted to banyan trees at the Meadows Street junction, which
is now known as Mahatma Gandhi Road, a decade later. The shift continued
taking place as the number of brokers increased, finally settling in 1874 at what
is known as Dalal Street. This as yet informal group known as the Native Share
and Stockbrokers Association organized itself as the Bombay Stock Exchange
(BSE) in 1875. The BSE is the oldest stock exchange in Asia and was the first to
be granted permanent recognition under the Securities Contract Regulation
Act, 1956.
In the post-independence era, the BSE dominated the volume of trading.
However, the low level of transparency and undependable clearing and
settlement systems, apart from other macro factors, increased the need for a
financial market regulator, and the SEBI was born in 1988 as a non-statutory
body. It was made a statutory body in 1992.
After the Harshad Mehta scam in 1992, there was a pressing need for another
stock exchange large enough to compete with the BSE and bring transparency
to the stock market. This gave birth to the National Stock Exchange (NSE). It
was incorporated in 1992, become recognized as a stock exchange in 1993, and
trading began on it in 1994. It was the first stock exchange on which trading
took place electronically.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE INDIAN STOCK MARKET
Ever since COVID 19 strike, markets loom under fear as uncertainty prevails. lt
has sent markets around the world crashing to levels not witnessed since the
Global Financial Crisis of 2008. Following the strong correlation with the trends
and indices of the global market BSE Sensex and Nifty 50 fell by 38 percent.
The total market cap lost a staggering 27.31% from the start of the year. The
stock market has reflected the sentiments this pandemic unleashed upon
investors, foreign and domestic alike. Companies have scaled back; layoffs
have multiplied and employee compensations have been affected resulting in
negligible growth in the last couple of months. Certain sectors such as
hospitality, tourism, and entertainment have been impacted adversely and
stocks of such companies have plummeted by more than 40%.
While the world has witnessed many financial crises in the past, the last one
being the global recession of 2008, the current coronavirus crisis is different
from the past fallouts.
Companies with innovative products, increasing distribution reach, technology-
driven processes and healthy balance sheets would revive the growth
momentum post lockdown. Lower oil prices and high capital expenditure by
the government in turn create capital that will provide a platform to flourish
when we overcome COVID 19 pandemic.
A Comparison of Pre and Post COVID View of Indian Stock
Markets
Bourses Indexes-14/3/20 Indexes-23/3/20 Indexes-24/3/20
NIFTY 50 12,362 7,610 9,154
SENSEX 41,952 25,981 31,327

LIST OF 25 COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDIAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Company Name Last Price % Chg 52 wk high 52 wk low Market Cap (Rs.cr)
Reliance 2,589.30 1.18 2,855.00 2,016.60 17,51,780.99
TCS 3,089.25 -1.69 4,045.50 3,023.35 11,30,372.45
HDFC Bank 1,290.10 0.7 1,724.30 1,271.75 7,16,373.13
Infosys 1,387.65 -0.68 1,953.70 1,367.20 5,83,870.49
HUL 2,112.50 -1.58 2,859.10 1,901.80 4,96,351.15
ICICI Bank 688.1 1.43 859.7 616.4 4,78,583.94
LIC India 654.7 -2.17 949 651.3 4,14,097.60
SBI 441 -0.08 549.05 400.3 3,93,575.37
HDFC 2,052.75 -0.23 3,021.10 2,026.55 3,72,443.37
Bharti Airtel 644.05 -1.51 781.9 509.15 3,60,030.34
Kotak Mahindra 1,677.65 0.15 2,252.45 1,627.25 3,33,038.20
Bajaj Finance 5,422.70 2.63 8,043.50 5,235.60 3,28,306.11
ITC 263.4 0.92 282.3 200.85 3,24,594.56
Adani Green Ene 1,713.80 0.23 3,048.00 860.2 2,71,471.49
HCL Tech 959.25 -0.61 1,377.00 944.35 2,60,308.32
Asian Paints 2,583.20 -2.79 3,588.05 2,560.25 2,47,779.97
Adani Enterpris 2,096.05 0.63 2,420.00 1,304.40 2,47,374.18
Adani Total Gas 2,146.25 -9.73 2,739.95 772.95 2,36,046.74
Maruti Suzuki 7,690.95 -1.82 9,022.00 6,540.00 2,32,328.26
Adani Trans 2,077.60 -2.33 3,000.00 860.5 2,31,754.76
Avenue Supermar 3,460.35 -5.94 5,899.90 3,185.10 2,24,152.72
Wipro 405.2 -4.07 739.8 402.1 2,22,144.33
Larsen 1,488.75 -2.5 2,078.20 1,448.00 2,09,190.99
Axis Bank 635.6 0.03 866.6 626.9 1,95,216.10
Sun Pharma 791.6 -2.78 966.9 652.75 1,89,931.36

PORTFOLIO
A stock portfolio is a collection of stocks in which you invest in the hope of
profiting. You can become a more resilient investor by assembling a diverse
portfolio that spans multiple sectors.
We have taken a total of Rs.50000 in this portfolio, which will be allocated
equally to buy shares in five different companies.
The five companies are-
1. Reliance Industries limited
2. Tata Consultancy Services
3. HDFC Bank
4. Hindustan Unilever
5. State bank of India
This portfolio is being maintained for 20 days, from May 20 to June 16, 2022.
During the holding period, all share prices will be observed for price
fluctuations. The profit and loss will be determined on June 20th.
OPENING PRICES-
Company Name Purchase Price No. of shares Value of portfolio
Relaince 2,632.35 4 10529.4
TCS 3,385.00 3 10,155
HDFC Bank 1,383.85 7 9686.95
Hindustan Unilever 2,375.00 4 9500
State Bank India 467.8 21 9823.8
TOTAL 49704.4

RELAINCE INDUSTRIES LTD.

Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate
company based out of Mumbai, India. It has diverse businesses
including energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail,
telecommunications, mass media, and textiles.
The number of shares of RIL is approx. 644.51 crore. The promoter
group, the Ambani family, holds approx. 49.38% of the total shares
whereas the remaining 50.62% shares are held by public
shareholders, including FII and corporate bodies. Life Insurance
Corporation of India is the largest non-promoter investor in the
company, with a 7.98% shareholding.

SHARE PRICES OF RELIANCE OVER 20 DAYS

Date Open High Low Close
20-05-2022 2,515 2,643 2,503 2,622
23-05-2022 2,630.00 2,653.75 2,592.95 2,605.95
24-05-2022 2,624.00 2,637.80 2,598.00 2,616.00
25-05-2022 2,632.35 2,655.80 2,601.85 2,611.15
26-05-2022 2,618.00 2,633.90 2,547.70 2,587.45
27-05-2022 2,596.95 2,605.55 2,539.35 2,575.20
30-05-2022 2,619.80 2,673.00 2,594.85 2,663.75
31-05-2022 2,646.00 2,678.75 2,615.85 2,633.90
01-06-2022 2,632.35 2,654.95 2,616.10 2,632.20
02-06-2022 2,645.00 2,732.00 2,635.65 2,724.50
03-06-2022 2,746.95 2,816.35 2,740.00 2,779.50
06-06-2022 2,780.60 2,813.75 2,751.55 2,766.90
07-06-2022 2,764.00 2,791.00 2,754.00 2,772.50
08-06-2022 2,775.20 2,782.10 2,715.60 2,724.30
09-06-2022 2,709.00 2,802.00 2,709.00 2,798.60
10-06-2022 2,774.35 2,790.05 2,701.60 2,714.00
13-06-2022 2,653.80 2,673.30 2,616.40 2,662.80
14-06-2022 2,653.00 2,670.15 2,613.85 2,627.35
15-06-2022 2,610.00 2,637.40 2,585.10 2,596.30
16-06-2022 2,622.00 2,658.60 2,554.95 2,559.20

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF SHARE PRICES

 TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES
Tata Consultancy Services is an Indian multinational
information technology services and consulting company
with its headquarters in Mumbai. It is a part of the Tata
Group and operates in 149 locations across 46 countries.
TCS is the second-largest Indian company by market
capitalization and is among the most valuable IT service
brands worldwide.
Date Open High Low Close
20-05-2022 3,309.00 3,314.00 3,271.15 3,293.90
23-05-2022 3,315.00 3,338.00 3,267.05 3,320.95
24-05-2022 3,311.00 3,320.95 3,276.50 3,288.05
25-05-2022 3,286.00 3,286.55 3,155.00 3,166.60
26-05-2022 3,190.00 3,242.00 3,181.00 3,228.60
27-05-2022 3,249.00 3,278.85 3,230.00 3,262.20
30-05-2022 3,273.85 3,385.80 3,273.85 3,375.55
31-05-2022 3,355.00 3,382.95 3,324.10 3,364.80
01-06-2022 3,385.00 3,388.00 3,342.50 3,356.50
02-06-2022 3,357.00 3,432.25 3,350.05 3,422.95
03-06-2022 3,454.70 3,477.50 3,431.55 3,438.80
06-06-2022 3,421.00 3,453.10 3,378.00 3,430.25
07-06-2022 3,420.00 3,420.00 3,356.20 3,362.00
08-06-2022 3,372.00 3,413.45 3,347.00 3,403.05
09-06-2022 3,373.00 3,436.40 3,354.15 3,426.55
10-06-2022 3,388.00 3,390.15 3,352.10 3,365.35
13-06-2022 3,291.00 3,293.00 3,194.00 3,220.15
14-06-2022 3,198.00 3,238.90 3,178.90 3,211.25
15-06-2022 3,214.95 3,234.00 3,201.10 3,206.80
16-06-2022 3,237.40 3,241.65 3,134.00 3,142.35

HDFC BANK
HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian banking and financial services
company headquartered in Mumbai. It is India's largest
private sector bank by assets and the world's 10th largest
bank by market capitalization as of April 2021 It is the third-
largest company by market capitalization of $122.50 billion
on the Indian stock exchanges.
The equity shares of HDFC Bank are listed on the Bombay
Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. Its
American depositary receipts are listed on the NYSE and
issued through JP Morgan Chase Bank.
Share Prices over 20 days
 HINDUSTAN UNILEVER
Hindustan Unilever Limited is a consumer goods company
headquartered in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of
Unilever, a British company. Its products include foods,
beverages, cleaning agents, personal care products, water
purifiers, and other fast-moving consumer goods.
The Company's shares are listed and traded at the Bombay
Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of
India Limited (NSE).
Date Open High Low Close
20-05-2022 2,283.00 2,347.10 2,283.00 2,325.50
23-05-2022 2,320.00 2,387.65 2,314.25 2,380.05
24-05-2022 2,380.05 2,380.05 2,301.30 2,309.05
25-05-2022 2,324.00 2,329.95 2,286.35 2,298.45
26-05-2022 2,298.00 2,298.00 2,258.60 2,281.35
27-05-2022 2,298.00 2,334.75 2,281.35 2,330.30
30-05-2022 2,340.00 2,364.95 2,332.20 2,348.65
31-05-2022 2,351.00 2,367.30 2,304.55 2,349.65
01-06-2022 2,375.00 2,413.00 2,303.15 2,308.70
02-06-2022 2,299.00 2,301.90 2,257.70 2,284.95
03-06-2022 2,284.00 2,324.60 2,266.00 2,292.15
06-06-2022 2,279.00 2,301.95 2,248.00 2,279.45
07-06-2022 2,265.00 2,265.00 2,208.00 2,211.50
08-06-2022 2,221.00 2,221.00 2,187.00 2,197.25
09-06-2022 2,177.50 2,207.70 2,171.20 2,196.85
10-06-2022 2,175.00 2,208.65 2,163.10 2,199.90
13-06-2022 2,161.00 2,216.75 2,156.05 2,195.90
14-06-2022 2,195.90 2,213.35 2,160.15 2,172.25
15-06-2022 2,165.00 2,165.00 2,131.25 2,150.40
16-06-2022 2,148.00 2,164.00 2,135.15 2,146.40

STATE BANK OF INDIA

State Bank of India is an Indian multinational public sector
bank and financial services statutory body headquartered in
Mumbai, Maharashtra.
As of 31 March 2017, the Government of India held around
61.23% equity shares in SBI. The Life Insurance Corporation
of India, itself state-owned, is the largest non-promoter
shareholder in the company with 8.82% shareholding. The
equity shares of SBI are listed on the Bombay Stock
Exchange, where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index,
and on the National Stock Exchange of India, which is a
constituent of the CNX Nifty. Its Global Depository Receipts
(GDRs) are listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Date Open High Low Close
20-05-2022 455 464 454 462.5
23-05-2022 464.7 471.3 459.45 460.95
24-05-2022 462 466.7 460.2 462.35
25-05-2022 461.4 464.55 452.15 454.2
26-05-2022 457.4 470 452.55 469
27-05-2022 471.95 474.95 467.15 469
30-05-2022 473.8 476.7 471.2 474.45
31-05-2022 473.95 476.45 465.05 467.8
01-06-2022 467.8 471.8 464.75 468.2
02-06-2022 468.1 472.3 466.35 469.75
03-06-2022 473.6 475.45 463.5 464.3
06-06-2022 464.3 465.6 456.5 463.55
07-06-2022 462 465.95 461.05 463.35
08-06-2022 467.4 475.5 463.25 471.05
09-06-2022 469.7 471.15 462.65 466.85
10-06-2022 465 465 458.8 461.8
13-06-2022 456.5 456.5 442.35 445.9
14-06-2022 445 449.3 443.3 447.8
15-06-2022 449.5 455.3 448.55 451.5
16-06-2022 454.5 457.85 440.2 441.35
 CAUSES OF CHANGE IN MARKET VALUE OF STOCK
1. SUPPLY AND DEMAND - Stock prices change every day
by market forces. We mean that share prices change
because of supply and demand. If more people want to
buy a stock (demand) than sell it (supply), then the price
moves up. Conversely, if more people wanted to sell a
stock than buy it, there would be greater supply than
demand, and the price would fall.
2.