Binondo - Fortich.de Guia - Ragay.final Paper

St.
Paul University Dumaguete

(St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Philippines
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT- SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
A.Y. 2020-2021
“BROWN ALGAE (SARGASSUM FLUITANS) AS A HOMEMADE STAIN

REMOVER”
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in
Capstone Project and Research in Daily Life II
by:
Binondo, Khate Charllote Z.
De Guia, Shawn M.
Fortich, Christy Jane A.
Ragay, Raymon D.
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) 12

St. Paul University Dumaguete
A.Y. 2020-2021
ABSTRACT
Water pollution has been a persisting environmental problem in the community. One of the causes
for this is the rapid buildup of algae. The impact of algae was described to result a wide range of
repercussions in the aquatic ecosystem. Large amounts of algae in a marine environment can cause
reduction in water quality that may alter its taste and odor. Thus, as a contribution to the community,
and the environment, the researchers conducted a study on brown algae, as a low-cost and eco-
friendly alternative to commercial stain removers. This study helps to solves two (2) existing
problems: water pollution and stain removal. This study provides the consumers an effective,
affordable, and organic way of removing stains. The solution is tested and observed in different
conditions to ensure its quality and effectiveness. The test involves a total of six different
effectiveness tests, namely: Concentration test, homemade-commercial test, fresh stain-old stain
test, white cloth-colored cloth test, shelf-life test, and the evaluation test. As to the multiple tests
conducted by the researchers, it was shown that the shorter the time taken, the more effective it is
to remover stains and the longer the time taken produced, the lesser is the effectiveness to remove
stains. Moreover, the efficacy of the solution differs in each concentration. The solution has a very
close effectiveness rate to the commercial thus can be used as an alternative for the commercial
ones. It is more effective in fresh stains and both effective in white and colored cloth. The
researchers therefore concluded that this study produce an effective, environmental-friendly and
safe to use stain remover.
Keywords: Brown Algae, Environmental-Friendly, Homemade, Organic, Stain Remover
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ............................................................................................................... 1
Abstract ............................................................................................................... 2
I. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4-11
II. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 12-32
III. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 33-52
IV. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 53-54
Acknowledgement .......................................................................................................... 55
References ....................................................................................................................... 56-57
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I.
INTRODUCTION
Water pollution is one of the most rampant environmental problems of today. This pollution could
affect the quality of water in many ways thus restricting the use of water bodies for many purposes.
One of the sources of water pollution is the algae. Algae are known to be the cause of tastes and
odors in water. When the brown algae decays, this causes to the pollution of water bodies (Algal
Bloom, n.d.). The rapid growth of brown algae have been the primary producers of pollution in
various water bodies which can be resulted on reducing water quality and can eventually affect to
its uses (Sen, Alp, Sonmez, Kocer, & Campolat, 2013). Brown algae belongs to the class
Phaeophyceae, a class of about 1,500 species of algae in the division chromophyta which is
common in waters. The two most common algae species in the water is the Sargassum natans and
Sargassum fluitans. Both of these species do not grow attached to a substrate like the seabed or
shoreline. Sargassum is at the mercy of the winds and currents, and sometimes arrives onshore in
massive amounts. Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans are similar in terms of its physical
structure (Sargassum spp. Seaweeds, n.d.).
Moreover, nowadays, people are unconsciously exposed to numerous stain-causing factors like
dust, rust, mud, and especially from foods that we consume. People find it difficult to remove them
and some stain removers are irritating to the skin and also there are some who cannot afford to buy
commercial stain removers. To address the two problems encountered by people which are the
water pollution and problem on removing stains, the researchers came to execute a study on making
a homemade stain remover that uses Sargassum fluitans and alum. It was find out in a study that
Sargassum fluitans is made up of lipids and alum is made of aluminum sulfate. Two common
chemical compositions in making an oxygen bleach, when a sodium per carbonate is combined
with water it will broke down into sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide. The released hydrogen
peroxide then becomes the active oxidizing agent, which removes the stain by breaking down the
colored section of the chromophores. Oxygen bleach is not as strong as chlorine bleach due to
different chemical properties. Oxygen bleach is less corrosive, less damaging to fibers, and more
environmentally friendly (The Chemistry of Stain Removals, n.d.).
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In making this “Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a Homemade Stain Remover”, this solves
two problems we have right now. This provides the people to have a safe, non-toxic, environmental
friendly and organic stain remover as well as this also helps to lessen water pollution providing the
people to have a cleaner water to use for everyday living.
Background of the Study

Water pollution is one of the main environmental issues that we are facing, as more than 70% of
the Earth’s surface is water-covered. When doing laundry, common enemy of launderers are stains
in clothes. Successful removal of clothing stains depends largely on the nature of the stains, the
type of fabric, and the colorfastness of the dye (Dry Cleaning and Institute, 2013).
The two primary materials that will be used in this study are sargassum fluitans and alum. The
combination of Sargassum fluitans and alum provides a composition of an oxygen bleach that could
remove stains. It was find out that the lipids from sargassum fluitans and aluminum sulfate from
alum are two common composition in making an oxygen bleach (The Chemistry of Stain Removals,
n.d.). Anti-melanogenic compounds from marine brown algae have high potential as therapeutic
agents against skin hyperpigmentation disorders, a potential source of whitening cloth and
removing stains (Azam, Choi, Lee, & Kim, 2017). Alum powder has amazing skin lightening
properties and it helps fade acne scars and dark spots well making it as a potential ingredient of
removing dark spots or stains (Alum For Lightening Dark Spots, 2017).
Statement of the Problem
This research seeks to answer the following questions.
Main Problem:
Can this study produce an effective and safe to use stain remover?
Specifically, this study attempts to answer these following questions.
1. How long will this product take to remove stains? (Seconds. Minutes, Hours, Day)
2. How many days will this product take before it loses its effectiveness?
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3. Will this product be an effective environmental-friendly stain remover in terms of its;
- Odor
- Color
- Effects to the skin
4. Which is more effective? This homemade stain remover or those commercial one?
5. Can this product remove both fresh and old stains?
6. Will this product be applicable on removing stains in both colored and white cloth?
7. Is there a significant relationship between time and the effectiveness rate of the product on
removing stains?
Significance of the Study
The results of this study will be of great benefit to the following:
Environment – this study will help to lessen one of the environmental problem which is water
pollution.
People – this study will help the people to have an organic stain remover which can be used in
removing stains.
Community – this study would help to encourage the members of the community to participate
and open their eyes to new possible ways of preventing water pollution.
Government – this study will serve as a guide for the government to acknowledge and support
different programs that also support the making of organic products that are helpful for the
environment.
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Hypotheses
Alternative Hypotheses
1. There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of removing stains between the different
concentrations.
2. There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of removing stains between the homemade
and commercial stain remover.
3. There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the product on removing fresh stain and
old stain.
4. There is a significant difference in the effectiveness of the product on removing stains in white
cloth and colored cloth.
Null Hypotheses
1. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of removing stains between the different
concentrations.
2. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of removing stains between the homemade
and commercial stain remover.
3. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the product on removing fresh stain and
old stain.
4. There is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the product on removing stains in white
cloth and colored cloth.
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Conceptual Framework
Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a

Homemade Stain Remover
Collect and record the data base on the observation with the
different set-ups
R
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
E
- Concentration - Time taken

S
- Kind of stain remover (homemade - Effectiveness of the product U
vs. commercial)
- Function of the product to fresh or L
- Kind of stains (fresh or old) old stains
T
- Kind of cloth (colored or white) - Function of the product to white
- Different people to try and colored
- Effect of the product to the people
The result of this study can make an environmental-friendly stain

remover that can help to solve the two existing problems that were
encountered by the people nowadays.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study
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Scope and Limitation
This study is focused on the effectiveness of brown algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a homemade
stain remover. The researchers focus only on fabrics as their main object for testing the stain
remover. This is an experimental research which covers the results of the tests conducted over the
different conditions of the product in collecting and gathering the data which are important for the
study. This also covers the perspectives of sixteen (16) people that were chosen as respondents of
the study. The main data gathered shows how effective the homemade stain remover is. The results
will thereof reflect the effectiveness of the organic product introduced in this study. This study also
attempts to seek actions and serves as an eye opener to everyone especially in improving each
behavior towards the betterment of the place we live in. The researcher delimits the data gathered
only in the tests done.
Objectives
1. To be able to solve the problem in water pollution.

2. To be able to make an environmental-friendly stain remover that can help the people in removing
stains.
Definition of Terms
Brown Algae - are algal species characterized by being multicellular and having brown or greenish
brown color. The color is due to the predominance of brown pigments.
Sargassum Fluitans - is a species of brown algae in the family Sargassaceae. This is made up of
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
Stain Remover –use to remove a mark or spot left by one substance on a specific surface like a
fabric.
Stain - a mark or discoloration
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Alum - a colorless astringent compound that is a hydrated double sulfate of aluminum and
potassium, used in solution medicinally and in dyeing and tanning.
Related Literatures and Studies
Alum powder, also known as Fitkari or Phitkari, is a skin lightening agent that effectively fades
acne scars and dark spots. Alum powder also has antibacterial properties, making it useful for
treating a variety of skin issues in addition to skin lightening. There are several different forms of
alum, and the one referred to in the case is called potash alum. KAI (SO4)2.H2O is the chemical
formulator potassium alum. Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate is the hydrated form of
potassium aluminum sulfate with the nomenclature potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate.
(Venkateshwaran, 2017)
Marine algae has recently been discovered to have potential as a natural skin whitening agent. Many
species of marine algae, including Laminaria japonica, Ishige Okamurae, Hizikia fusiformis, and
others, have been studied for their possible skin lightening properties. Algae are anti-aging, photo-
protective, and skin-health boosters in addition to being healthy skin whiteners. This is due to the
fact that they are high in proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, copper, iron, zinc, and a variety of other
nutrients (Khan, 2018)
The seaweeds Sargassum polycystum and Padina tenuis were studied for their capacity as skin
whitening agents in vitro and in vivo. In both traditional and modern preparations, seaweed has
been used as an innovative skin repairing agent. One of the primary reasons for its potent action is
its high antioxidant content. In the concentrations tested, both Sargassum polycystum and Padina
tenuis seaweeds had a strong inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase (Quah, et al., 2014)
As determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and analysis of monosaccharide

composition, the extracted polysaccharides were high in fucoidan and both had a surprisingly
constitutes high sulfate. Antioxidant, UV-protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkling, and skin-
whitening effects were tested. Minisporidium and Polycystis have the activity of scavenging alkyl
groups and DPPH, have anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7,
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have strong inhibitory effect on collagenase and elastase, and directly inhibit tyrosinase, also
intracellular substances are synthesized to have a whitening effect thus shows promising cosmetic
effects (Fernando, Sanjeewa, & Samarakoon, 2018).
Foreign Studies
The purpose of this study was to determine which brand of laundry detergent is best for stain
removal and how it compares with the actual cost of the product. Two brand detergents were used,
Tide and Purex. Also a homemade detergent was prepared. The sample fabric used was a white
100% cotton jersey knit t-shirt fabric. Ketchup, honey, mustard and Coca-cola were the stains
applied to the cotton. The dependent variables were the results of the stain removal from each
laundry detergent while independent variables were the different detergents used to wash the fabric.
Using the AATCC gray scale, the stained samples and the washed samples are compared. After
assessing and comparing them, a cost analysis was performed for each detergent to determine which
the most economical way to remove stains is. Each detergent worked well at removing stains, but
the homemade detergent was the most cost-effective (Atchison & Su, n.d.)
Local Studies
The effect of pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) (with and without salt) on textiles dyed with
oils, inks, hair dyes, deodorants, dirt and rust was studied. A white cotton cloth measuring 8” X 9”
was used. The 0.01 g stain was smeared in the middle of the cloth (except for the deodorant where
4 strokes were applied). The stained fabrics were set aside for 10 hours before being treated for 10
to 20 minutes with 5 grams of Clorox and pineapple extract (with and without salt). The focus of
this research was limited to visual observation. The rating test was used to assess the degree of stain
removal preference. The results revealed that stain removal is based on the likelihood of a particular
stain interacting with the chemical composition of the anti-stain solutions used. The three solutions
mentioned above had a major stain-removal effect. Clorox, which is widely available, was used as
the control. The majority of the stains mentioned above were reduced as a result of this. The degree
of reduction, however, is dependent on the stain. Rust, dirt, and deodorant were all effectively
treated with pineapple waste extract (acid) and salt (sodium chloride). Due to the distribution of
smears contributed by various stains in the fabrics, the effect of fabric whitening from the three
stain removal solutions was not visible (Aldesimo, Cabantog, & Ansay, 2018)
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II.
METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
This research employs an experimental research design. The brown algae is used as the primary
ingredient in making a stain remover. This research is ought to find out on the effectiveness of this
homemade stain remover in removing stains. The product will be tested in different effectiveness
tests to observe its different qualities.
B. Sampling Technique and Data Gathering Procedure
The sampling technique for this research is convenience sampling where the respondents where
sampled simply because they are the convenient sources of data of the researchers. And the data
gathering procedure used is direct data gathering where the researchers collect and record the data
base on their observation on how the product works.
C. Site of the Study and Respondents
The study will be conducted in each of the researcher’s houses and the respondents will be any
convenient person in their community who experience difficulties in removing stains or any person
in their community who will obliged to participate for the observation. In order to know for the
effectiveness of the product, several observations while testing the product in different conditions
will be made.
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A B
C D
Figure 2. A) Map of Magatas 1(near PDR Chapel), Sibulan, Negros Oriental (Researcher 1’s
place) B) Map of Sitio Caputi-anan (near Siapo High School), San Jose, Negros Oriental
(Researcher 2’s place) C) Map of San Antonio St., Cangmating (near Cangmating Elementary
School), Sibulan, Negros Oriental (Researcher 3’s place) D) Map of Heidi’s Cabin, Purok
Kalubihan, Dumaguete, Negros Oriental (Researcher 4’s place)
D. Statistical Analysis
The statistical tools that will be used in this study are ANOVA Single Factor, Two-Way ANOVA
with replication and weighted mean. One-way ANOVA will be used to analyze the statistical
differences among the means of two or more groups. Two-Way ANOVA with replication will be
used to analyze the statistical differences between two groups and the individuals within that group
are doing more than one thing or have different trials. Weighted mean will be used to get the
average perception of the respondents in the evaluation test questionnaire.
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E. Research Methods and Procedures
a. Preparation of Materials
Materials Needed:
 Brown Algae (sargassum fluitans)

 Alum
 Water
 Knife
 chopping board
 Strainer
 Pan or pot
 Measuring cup
 Stove (this is optional but it would be great not to use the traditional firewood in boiling to
maintain intensity of fire since this can affect the concentration)
A B C D
E F G H I
Figure 3. A) Brown Algae (sargassum fluitans) B) Alum C) Water D) Knife E) Chopping board F)
Strainer G) Pot H) Measuring cup I) Stove
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b. Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) Extraction
Procedures:
1. Sort the brown algae from the other marine plants.
2. Then use a weighing scale to know the mass of the brown algae (it differs base on the
concentration you are making, in our study we used ¼ kl, ¼ kl, ½ kl and 1 ¾ kl).
3. Separate the brown algae’s (sargassum fluitans) leaves from its stem then chop it using a knife
until it is cut into smaller pieces enough to pinch its extract.
A B
Figure 4. A) Sort the brown algae from other marine plants. B) Use a weighing scale to know the
mass of the brown algae. C) Separate the brown algae’s leaves from its stem then chop it into smaller
pieces enough to pinch its extract.
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c. Sterilization of Extract
Procedures:
1. Placed a water in the pan or pot (the amount of water differs depending on your concentration,
in this study the amount used is 200ml, 250ml, 250ml and 270 ml) with a constant low fire.
2. Once it simmer, put the small cuts of brown algae (sargassum fluitans) into it and wait until it
started to boil and the extract and water were mixed into one.
3. Use a strainer while transferring it in a clean glass or bowl to separate the brown algae from
the liquid.
A B C
Figure 5. A) Placed the water in the pan or pot with a constant low fire. B) Once it simmer, put the
small cuts of brown algae into it and wait until it started to boil and the extract and water were mixed
into one. C) Use a strainer in transferring it in a clean glass to separate the brown algae from the
liquid
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d. Mixture Boiling
Procedures:
1. Put the liquid once again in a clean pot (use a strainer while putting it in the pan to ensure it is
clean).
2. When it boils, add the alum (the amount of alum depends on your concentration, in this study
we used 3tbsp, 5tbsp, 6tbsp and 10 tbsp.) to the mixture and gently mixed it with a stirrer. Allow it
to boil for at least 3 minutes.
3. Then transfer it in a glass (still with a use of strainer).
4. Wait until it is not hot anymore before placing it in an empty bottle.
A B
C D
Figure 6. A) Put the liquid once again in a clean pot. B) When it boils, add the alum to the
mixture and gently mixed it with a stirrer and allow it to boil for at least 3 minutes. C) Transfer
it in a glass. D) Wait until it is not hot anymore before placing in a bottle.
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Finished Products:
A B
(1/4 kl Sargassum Fluitans, 200ml (1/4 kilo Sargassum Fluitans,

water, 3 tbsp alum) 250ml water, 5 tbsp alum)
C D
(1/2 kilo Sargassum Fluitans, (1/2 kilo Sargassum Fluitans,

250ml water, 6 tbsp alum) 270ml water, 10 tbsp alum)
Figure 7. A) Concentration for Trial 1 in Effectiveness Test A. B) Concentration for Trial 2 in

Effectiveness Test A. C) Concentration for Trial 3 in Effectiveness Test A. D) Concentration for
Trial 4 in Effectiveness Test A
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e. Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) Stain Remover Effectiveness Test
Test A - Testing the product on how long it can remove stains with different concentrations.
Test B - Testing the effectiveness of the homemade stain remover compared to commercial.
Test C – Testing the effectiveness of the product in removing both fresh and old stains.
Test D - Testing the effectiveness of the product on removing stains in both white and colored
cloth.
Test E - Testing the shelf life of the product.
Test F – Testing the perception of the respondents.
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Application:
Table 1. Testing the product on how long it can remove stains with different concentrations.
KINDS OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 4

STAIN
(1/4 kl Sargassum (1/4 kl Sargassum (1/2 kl Sargassum (1 3/4 kl Sargassum
Fluitans, 200ml Fluitans, 250ml Fluitans, 250ml Fluitans, 270ml
water, 3 tbsp water, 5 tbsp water, 6 tbsp water, 10 tbsp
alum) alum) alum) alum)
Soy Sauce Stain
Ketchup Stain
Oil Stain
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Ink Stain
Coffee Stain
Banana Stem
Stain
Grease Stain
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Juice Stain
Mud Stain
Chocolate
Drink Stain
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Table 2. Testing the effectiveness of the homemade stain remover compared to commercial.
HOMEMADE STAIN REMOVER COMMERCIAL STAIN REMOVER
KINDS (1 3/4 kl Sargassum Fluitans, 270ml

water, 10 tbsp alum)
OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
STAIN 5 ml 10 ml 15 ml 5 ml 10 ml 15 ml
Soy Sauce
Stain
Ketchup
Stain
Oil Stain
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Ink Stain
Coffee
Stain
Banana
Stem
Stain
Grease
Stain
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Juice
Stain
Mud Stain
Chocolate
Drink
Stain
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Table 3. Testing the effectiveness of the product in removing both fresh and old stains.
FRESH STAINS OLD STAINS
TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

KINDS
OF (5 MIN (25 MIN (AN (5 DAYS (12 DAYS (24 DAYS
STAIN AGO) AGO) HOUR AGO) AGO) AGO)
AGO)
Soy Sauce
Stain
Ketchup
Stain
Oil Stain
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Ink Stain
Coffee
Stain
Banana
Stem
Stain
Grease
Stain
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Juice
Stain
Mud Stain
Chocolate
Drink
Stain
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Table 4. Testing the effectiveness of the product on removing stains in both white and colored
cloth.
WHITE CLOTH COLORED CLOTH
KINDS
OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
STAIN
5 ml 10 ml 15 ml 5 ml 10 ml 15 ml
Soy Sauce
Stain
Ketchup
Stain
Oil Stain
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Ink Stain
Coffee
Stain
Banana
Stem
Stain
Grease
Stain
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Juice
Stain
Mud Stain
Chocolate
Drink
Stain
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Figure 8.
Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a Homemade Stain Remover Questionnaire
Greetings! We are the researchers from STEM 12 of the SHS Department of SPUD. In line with
our requirement in our Capstone subject, we are conducting a study entitled “Brown Algae
Sargassum Fluitans as a Homemade Stain Remover”. In completion of our study, we have chosen
you our convenient respondents to be our participants. This will only take about 3-5 minutes or
more of your time. The following question are related in the conditions of our study in using Brown
Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a Stain Remover. Please indicate your opinions about each
following questions. Thank you for taking time to answer these questions.
1- Very Dissatisfied 2- Dissatisfied 3- Neutral 4- Satisfied 5- Very Satisfied
Questions 5 4 3 2 1
1. How satisfied are you to the product's
effectiveness and safety?
2. How satisfied are you about the time taken of the
product to remove stains?
3. How satisfied are you about the product's shelf
life?
4. How satisfied are you about the product's odor?
5. How satisfied are you about the product's color?
6. How satisfied are you about the product's effects

to the skin?
7. How satisfied are you about the products ability
to remove stains?
Figure 8. Likert Scale Survey Questionnaire for the chosen respondents.
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III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 5. Concentration Test

KINDS OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 4
STAIN
(1/4 kl (1/4 kl (1/2 kl (1 3/4 kl
Sargassum Sargassum Sargassum Sargassum
fluitans, 200 ml fluitans, 250 ml fluitans, 250 ml fluitans, 270 ml
water, 3 tbsp. water, 5 tbsp. water, 6 tbsp. water, 10 tbsp.
alum) alum) alum) alum)
(Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec)

Soy Sauce 0:07:41 0:10:00 0:06:00 0:02:09
Stain
Ketchup 0:12:00 0:14:49 0:10:10 0:03:07
Stain
Oil Stain 0:02:53 0:06:35 0:00:40 0:00:12
Ink Stain 0:25:43 0:33:03 0:22:13 0:12:00
Coffee Stain 0:03:43 0:10:03 0:01:30 0:00:35
Banana Stem 0:04:10 0:12:05 0:08:36 0:02:43
Stain
Grease Stain 0:03:00 0:14:00 0:10:00 0:03:13
Juice Stain 0:01:52 0:05:10 0:00:40 0:00:18
Mud Stain 0:11:00 0:16:14 0:08:25 0:05:00
Chocolate 0:03:46 0:07:02 0:02:39 0:00:55
Drink Stain
AVERAGE 0:07:35 0:12:54 0:07:05 0:03:01
Table 5 shows the results of the time taken of the 4 trials to remove different kinds of stains. Each
trial has different concentration. The average time for each trial is computed and as observed, trial
4 has the least average time thus resulting to have the fastest concentration to remove stains making
concentration 4 to be the concentration that will be used and tested in this study.
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Analysis of Data in Table 5
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
0.005335648 9 0.047303241 0.005256 2.88E-05
0.006944444 9 0.082650463 0.009183 3.4E-05
0.004166667 9 0.04505787 0.005006 2.32E-05
0.001493056 9 0.019479167 0.002164 6.65E-06
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 0.000225 3 7.49E-05 3.235 0.03501 2.901
Within Groups 0.00074 32 2.31E-05
Total 0.000965 35
ANOVA Single Factor is used to analyze the data in Table 5 which shows that the F-value is 3.235
and is greater than the F-critical value of 2.901 with 0.05 alpha therefore, alternative hypothesis is
accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant difference between the four
concentrations in the trials conducted to the time taken in removing the different kinds of stain.
Based on the average time, the concentration in trial 4 has the least amount of time which means
that the stains are remove faster in trial 4 than the other trials. And trial 4 is therefore the most
effective concentration and the concentration to be used in the next tests.
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Figure 9.
Concentration Test
0:36:00
10
EFFECTIVENESS RATE
9 0:28:48
8
7 0:21:36
6
5 0:14:24
4
3 0:07:12
2
1 0:00:00
Soy Sauce Ketchup Oil Stain Ink Stain Coffee Banana Grease Juice Mud StainChocolate
Stain Stain Stain Stem Stain Stain Drink
Stain Stain
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4
Figure 9. Line graph showing the relationship of the time taken to its effectiveness rate with the
different concentrations. The effectiveness rate is scale from 1-10 with 1 being the most effective
and 10 being the least effective. As shown, the effectiveness rate of the 4 concentrations differs
from each other. It is also shown that the concentration in trial 4 have the least amount of time taken
being the most effective among the other concentrations.
Table 5.2
KINDS OF STAIN TIME TAKEN RANK
Soy Sauce Stain 0:02:09 5

Ketchup Stain 0:03:07 7
Oil Stain 0:00:12 1
Ink Stain 0:12:00 10
Coffee Stain 0:00:35 3
Banana Stem Stain 0:02:43 6
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A.Y. 2020-2021
Grease Stain 0:03:13 8

Juice Stain 0:00:18 2
Mud Stain 0:05:00 9
Chocolate Drink Stain 0:00:55 4
Table 5.2 shows the ascending ranking of the time taken in concentration 4 on removing the
different kinds of stain. Oil Stain has the fastest time while ink stain has the longest time.
Table 5.3
TYPE OF STAIN
WATER-BASED OIL-BASED PROTEIN-BASED INK-BASED
STAIN STAIN STAIN STAIN
KINDS OF TIME KINDS TIME KINDS TIME KINDS TIME
STAIN TAKEN OF TAKEN OF TAKEN OF TAKEN
STAIN STAIN STAIN
Soy Sauce 0:02:09 Oil Stain 0:00:12 Mud 0:05:00 Ink Stain 0:12:00
Stain Stain (pen)
Ketchup 0:03:07 Grease 0:03:13 Banana 0:02:43
Stain Stain Stem
Stain
Coffee Stain 0:00:35
Juice Stain 0:00:18
Chocolate 0:00:55
Drink Stain
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE

0:01:25 0:01:43 0:03:52 0:12:00
Table 5.3 shows the groupings of the different kinds of stain according to its type. There were 4
types of stains and the average time of each type is computed. As observed, water-based stain has
the smallest average time thus showing that the product is best effective on water-based type of
stains. It is followed by oil-based stain then protein-based stain and lastly the ink-based type of
stains.
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Table 6. Homemade-Commercial Effectiveness Test
HOMEMADE STAIN COMMERCIAL STAIN

REMOVER REMOVER
KINDS OF TRIAL TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
STAIN 1 1
(5 ML) (10 ML) (15 ML) (5 ML) (10 ML) (15 ML)
[Hr:Min [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min:

:Sec] Sec] Sec] :Sec] Sec] Sec]
Soy Sauce 0:02:09 0:01:30 0:00:30 0:00:09 0:00:07 0:00:04

Stain
Ketchup Stain 0:03:07 0:02:20 0:00:48 0:00:15 0:00:12 0:00:10
Oil Stain 0:00:12 0:00:09 0:00:06 0:00:10 0:00:07 0:00:04
Ink Stain 0:12:00 0:10:35 0:09:04 0:11:00 0:10:01 0:09:02
Coffee Stain 0:00:35 0:00:20 0:00:10 0:00:15 0:00:12 0:00:08
Banana Stem 0:02:43 0:01:50 0:00:52 0:00:16 0:00:10 0:00:08

Stain
Grease Stain 0:03:13 0:02:29 0:01:07 0:00:14 0:00:11 0:00:08
Juice Stain 0:00:18 0:00:11 0:00:06 0:00:15 0:00:10 0:00:08
Mud Stain 0:05:00 0:04:03 0:02:03 0:00:12 0:00:08 0:00:06
Chocolate 0:00:55 0:00:32 0:00:20 0:01:05 0:00:40 0:00:50

Drink Stain
AVERAGE 0:03:01 0:02:24 0:01:31 0:01:23 0:01:12 0:01:05
OVERALL 0:02:19 0:01:13

AVERAGE
Table 6 shows the results for the test comparing homemade and commercial stain remover. The
experimental product or the homemade and the commercial has 3 trials respectively. The amount
being applied is increased in every trial and the time taken in each trial to remove stains were
recorded. As shown, as the amount increased, the time taken decreased. The overall average is
computed and it was found out that the homemade and commercial has a very close average time
with a difference of only a minute and few seconds.
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Anova: Two-Factor With Replication
SUMMARY TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 Total

HOMEMADE
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.020972 0.016655 0.010486 0.048113426
Average 0.002097 0.001666 0.001049 0.001603781
Variance 5.96E-06 4.75E-06 3.57E-06 4.6214E-06
COMMERCIAL
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.009618 0.00831 0.0075 0.025428241
Average 0.000962 0.000831 0.00075 0.000847608
Variance 5.54E-06 4.64E-06 3.79E-06 4.3451E-06
Total
Count 20 20 20
Sum 0.03059 0.024965 0.017986
Average 0.00153 0.001248 0.000899
Variance 5.79E-06 4.63E-06 3.51E-06
ANOVA
Source of
Sample 8.58E-06 1 8.58E-06 1.822 0.182743336 4.020
Columns 3.99E-06 2 1.99E-06 0.423 0.656973765 3.168
Interaction 1.8E-06 2 8.98E-07 0.191 0.826857116 3.168
Within 0.000254 54 4.71E-06
Total 0.000269 59
Two-way ANOVA with replication is used to analyze the data in comparing the homemade and
commercial. The f-values 1.822, 0.423 and 0.191 are lesser than the f-critical values 4.020, 3.168
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A.Y. 2020-2021
and 3.168 with an alpha 0.05. Therefore, null hypothesis is accepted and alternative hypothesis is
rejected. There is no significant difference between the homemade and commercial stain remover.
Based on the overall average, the homemade and commercial stain remover has an almost the same
effectiveness rate in terms of the time taken thus showing that the homemade stain remover can be
an alternative to the commercial stain remover.
Figure 10.
Homemade-Commercial Effectiveness Test

10 0:12:58
EFFECTIVENESS RATE
9 0:11:31
8 0:10:05
7 0:08:38
6 0:07:12
5 0:05:46
4 0:04:19
3 0:02:53
2 0:01:26
1 0:00:00
Stain Stain
Trial 1 (Homemade) Trial 2 (Homemade Trial 3 (Homemade)

Trial 1 (Commercial) Trial 2 (Commercial) Trial 3 (Commercial)
Figure 10. Line graph showing the relationship of the time taken to its effectiveness rate. The
effectiveness rate is scale from 1-10 with 1 being the most effective and 10 being the least
effective. As shown, as the amount increased from 5 ml in trial 1 to 10 ml in trial 2 and 15 ml in
trial 3, the time taken decreased and the result became more effective. It is also shown that the
time taken in each kind of stain from homemade and commercial are very close.
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Table 7. Fresh Stain-Old Stain Effectiveness Test
FRESH STAIN OLD STAIN

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3
KINDS OF
STAIN
( 5 MIN (25 MIN (1 (5 DAYS (12 (24
AGO) AGO) HOUR AGO) DAYS DAYS
AGO) AGO) AGO)
[Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min:

Sec] Sec] Sec] Sec] Sec] Sec]
Soy Sauce 0:02:09 0:02:50 0:03:57 0:05:54 0:07::47 0:13:19
Stain
Ketchup 0:03:07 0:03:48 0:05:00 0:07:00 0:09:19 0:16:40
Stain
Oil Stain 0:00:12 0:00:40 0:01:39 0:03:04 0:05:04 0:10:20
Ink Stain 0:12:00 0:12:49 0:14:07 0:16:10 0:18:03 0:28:45
Coffee Stain 0:00:35 0:00:54 0:02:28 0:05:35 0:08:03 0:13:05
Banana Stem 0:02:43 0:03:06 0:05:17 0:07:55 0:10:04 0:15:47

Stain
Grease Stain 0:03:13 0:03:40 0:05:13 0:07:56 0:11:20 0:17:38
Juice Stain 0:00:18 0:00:47 0:01:49 0:03:05 0:05:09 0:10:48
Mud Stain 0:05:00 0:05:47 0:07:08 0:09:37 0:12:10 0:19:18
Chocolate 0:00:55 0:01:25 0:02:53 0:05:57 0:07:46 0:12:50

Drink Stain
AVERAGE 0:03:01 0:03:35 0:04:57 0:07:13 0:09:40 0:15:51
OVERALL 0:03:51 0:10:55

AVERAGE
Table 7 shows the results for the effectiveness test of the product in fresh and old stains. The same
product and the same amount (5 ml) were used in both fresh stain and old stain. The fresh stain and
old stain has 3 trials respectively. The time when the stain got is increased in each trials. The time
taken in each trial to remove stains were recorded. As shown, as the time when the stain is got
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A.Y. 2020-2021
increased, the time taken also increased. The overall average is computed and it was found out that
fresh stain got a smaller overall average time than the old stain.

FRESH STAIN
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.020972 0.024838 0.034387 0.080197
Average 0.002097 0.002484 0.003439 0.002673
Variance 5.96E-06 6.39E-06 6.49E-06 6.17E-06
OLD STAIN
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.050035 0.065799 0.110069 0.225903
Average 0.005003 0.00658 0.011007 0.00753
Variance 6.66E-06 7E-06 1.4E-05 1.53E-05
Total
Count 20 20 20
Sum 0.071007 0.090637 0.144456
Average 0.00355 0.004532 0.007223
Variance 8.2E-06 1.08E-05 2.48E-05
ANOVA
Source of
0.00035 0.00035 1.02E-
Sample 4 1 4 45.668 08 4.020
0.00014
Columns 5 2 7.23E-05 9.332 0.00033 3.168
Interaction 5.87E-05 2 2.93E-05 3.787 0.02891 3.168
0.00041
Within 8 54 7.75E-06
0.00097
Total 6 59
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A.Y. 2020-2021
Two-way ANOVA with replication is used to analyze the data in table 7. The f-values 45.668,
9.332 and 3.787 are greater than the f-critical values 4.019, 3.168 and 3.168 with an alpha 0.05.
Therefore, alternative hypothesis is accepted and null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant
difference between the effectiveness of removing stains between the fresh stain and old stain. Based
on the overall average time, there is a large difference of the time taken between the fresh stain and
old stain. The time taken in fresh stain is lesser than in old stain which shows that the product is
more effective on removing fresh stains than old stains.
Figure 11.
Fresh Stain-Old Stain Effectiveness Test

0:36:00
10
EFFECTIVENESS RATE
9 0:28:48
8
7 0:21:36
6
5 0:14:24
4
3 0:07:12
2
1 0:00:00
Stain Stain
Trial 1 (Fresh Stain) Trial 2 (Fresh Stain) Trial 3 (Fresh Stain)

Trial 1 (Old Stain) Trial 2 (Old Stain) Trial 3 (Old Stain)
Figure 11. Line graph showing the relationship of the time taken to its effectiveness rate in fresh
stain and old stain. The effectiveness rate is scale from 1-10 with 1 being the most effective and 10
being the least effective. As shown, as the time when the stain got increased, the time taken also
increased having a decreasing effectiveness rate. It is also shown the difference of the effectiveness
rate in each trial of the fresh stain and old stain.
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Table 8. White Cloth-Colored Cloth Effectiveness Test
WHITE CLOTH COLORED CLOTH
TRIAL TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

KINDS OF 1 1
STAIN
(5 ML) (10 ML) (15 ML) (5 ML) (10 ML) (15 ML)
[Hr:Min [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min [Hr:Min: [Hr:Min:

:Sec] Sec] Sec] :Sec] Sec] Sec]
Soy Sauce 0:02:09 0:01:30 0:00:30 0:02:20 0:01:57 0:00:40

Stain
Ketchup Stain 0:03:07 0:02:20 0:00:48 0:03:25 0:02:48 0:00:55
Oil Stain 0:00:12 0:00:09 0:00:06 0:00:20 0:00:11 0:00:07
Ink Stain 0:12:00 0:10:35 0:09:04 0:11:14 0:10:54 0:08:45
Coffee Stain 0:00:35 0:00:20 0:00:10 0:00:45 0:00:29 0:00:20
Banana Stem 0:02:43 0:01:50 0:00:52 0:01:30 0:00:57 0:00:44

Stain
Grease Stain 0:03:13 0:02:29 0:01:07 0:03:10 0:02:17 0:01:19
Juice Stain 0:00:18 0:00:11 0:00:06 0:00:16 0:00:10 0:00:07
Mud Stain 0:05:00 0:04:03 0:02:03 0:05:11 0:04:07 0:02:09
Chocolate 0:00:55 0:00:32 0:00:20 0:00:43 0:00:28 0:00:19

Drink Stain
AVERAGE 0:03:01 0:02:24 0:01:31 0:02:53 0:02:26 0:01:33
OVERALL 0:02:19 0:02:17

AVERAGE
Table 8 shows the results for the effectiveness test of the product on removing stains in white cloth
and colored cloth. Both used the same homemade product and the white cloth and colored cloth
has 3 trials respectively. The amount being applied is increased in every trial and the time taken in
each trial to remove stains were recorded. As shown, as the amount increased, the time taken
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A.Y. 2020-2021
decreased. The overall average is computed and it was found out that the white cloth and colored
cloth has a very close average time with a difference of only two seconds.

WHITE CLOTH
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.020972 0.016655 0.010486 0.048113
Average 0.002097 0.001666 0.001049 0.001604
Variance 5.96E-06 4.75E-06 3.57E-06 4.62E-06
COLORED CLOTH
Count 10 10 10 30
Sum 0.020069 0.016875 0.010706 0.04765
Average 0.002007 0.001688 0.001071 0.001588
Variance 5.37E-06 5.09E-06 3.28E-06 4.42E-06
Total
Count 20 20 20
Sum 0.041042 0.03353 0.021192
Average 0.002052 0.001677 0.00106
Variance 5.37E-06 4.66E-06 3.25E-06
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
3.57E-
Sample 3.57E-09 1 09 0.001 0.978034075 4.020
5.02E-
Columns 1E-05 2 06 1.076 0.348248206 3.168
Interaction 4.2E-08 2 2.1E-08 0.004 0.995510858 3.168
4.67E-
Within 0.000252 54 06
Total 0.000262 59
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Two-way ANOVA with replication is used to analyze the data in table 8. The f-values 0.001, 1.076
and 0.004 are lesser than the f-critical values 4.020, 3.168 and 3.168 with an alpha 0.05. Therefore,
null hypothesis is accepted and alternative hypothesis is rejected. There is no significant difference
in the effectiveness of the homemade stain remover between the white cloth and colored cloth. The
stain remover is effective to remove stains in both colored and white cloth.
Figure 12.
White Cloth-Colored Cloth Effectiveness Test

10 0:12:58
EFFECTIVENESS RATE
9 0:11:31
8 0:10:05
7 0:08:38
6 0:07:12
5 0:05:46
4 0:04:19
3 0:02:53
2 0:01:26
1 0:00:00
Stain Stain
Trial 1 (White Cloth) Trial 2 (White Cloth) Trial 3 (White Cloth)

Trial 1 (Colored Cloth) Trial 2 (Colored Cloth) Trial 3 (Colored Cloth)
Figure 12. Line graph showing the relationship of the time taken to its effectiveness rate in white
cloth and colored cloth. The effectiveness rate is scale from 1-10 with 1 being the most effective
and 10 being the least effective. As shown, as the amount applied increased from 5 ml in trial 1 to
10 ml in trial 2 and 15 ml in trial 3, the time taken decreased and its effectiveness rate increased. It
is also shown that the effectiveness rate in each trials in white cloth and colored cloth are very close
to each other.
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Table 9. Homemade Stain Remover Shelf Life Test
KINDS OF DAY 1 DAY 4 DAY 7 DAY 10 DAY 13

STAIN
(Mar. 2) (Mar. 5) (Mar. 8) (Mar. 11) (Mar. 14)
Soy Sauce 0:02:09 0:04:22 0:09:17 0:12:15 0:20:35

Stain
Ketchup Stain 0:03:07 0:05:27 0:14:10 0:17:54 0:23:13
Oil Stain 0:00:12 0:01:50 0:04:10 0:08:32 0:10:15
Ink Stain 0:12:00 0:16:09 0:20:19 0:27:49 0:31:58
Coffee Stain 0:00:35 0:02:48 0:04:39 0:07:20 0:15:16
Banana Stem 0:02:43 0:05:13 0:11:05 0:13:49 0:19:12
Stain
Grease Stain 0:03:13 0:06:03 0:13:20 0:17:23 0:24:19
Juice Stain 0:00:18 0:02:39 0:06:32 0:08:29 0:15:24
Mud Stain 0:05:00 0:07:08 0:15:56 0:18:44 0:23:14
Chocolate 0:00:55 0:03:49 0:06:47 0:11:06 0:15:48
Drink Stain
SUM 0:30:12 0:55:28 1:46:15 2:23:21 3:19:14
AVERAGE 0:03:01 0:05:33 0:10:37 0:14:20 0:19:55
DAY 16 DAY 19 DAY 22
(Mar. 17) (Mar. 20) (Mar. 23)
0:25:32 0:33:17
0:29:27 0:38:25
0:14:58 0:22:09
0:40:04 0:56:33
0:22:03 0:28:49
0:27:08 0:40:05
0:29:56 0:44:03
0:22:05 0:28:39
0:29:30 0:40:02
0:22:13 0:29:04
4:22:56 6:01:06
0:26:18 0:36:07
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Table 9 shows the shelf life calendar of the effectiveness of the homemade stain remover. The time
taken to remove stains is recorded every 3 days. It was observed that the homemade stain is only
applicable to use for 19 days and was already inactive during the 22nd day of test.
Figure 13.
Shelf-Life Test
0:43:12
0:36:00
10
EFFECTIVENESS RATE
9 0:28:48
8
7 0:21:36
6
5 0:14:24
4
3 0:07:12
2
1 0:00:00
DAY 1 DAY 4 DAY 7 DAY 10 DAY 13 DAY 16 DAY 19 DAY 22
Figure 13. Line graph showing the relationship of the average time taken every 3 days to its
effectiveness rate from day 1 to day 22. The effectiveness rate is scale from 1-10 with 1 being the
most effective and 10 being the least effective. As shown, as the number of days are increasing, its
average time is also increasing while its effectiveness rate is decreasing. Until day 19 which has
the highest average time and the least effectiveness rate. And in day 22 in which the product is not
anymore applicable to use.
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Data from the Likert Scale Questionnaire:
Figure 14. A) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no. 1
The responses of the chosen individuals given to answer, with the 4th one (satisfied) being the most
common answer.
Figure 14. B) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no. 2
The responses of the chosen individuals given to answer, with the 4th one (satisfied) being the
most common answer and the 3rd one (neutral) with the least answer.
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Figure 14. C) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no. 3
The responses of the chosen individuals given to answer, with the 3rd one (neutral) being the most
common answer and the 5th one (very satisfied) for being the least.
Figure 14. D) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no.4
The responses of the chosen individuals given to answer, with the 3rd one (neutral) being the most
common answer.
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Figure 14. E) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no.5
Figure 14.F) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no. 6
The responses of the chosen individuals given to answer, with the 5th one (very satisfied) being the
most common answer.
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Figure 14. G) Bar graph of the respondent’s answer for question no. 7
Analysis of Gathered Data from the Likert Scale Questionnaire
WEIGHTED MEAN:
SCALE RANGE VISUAL

INTERPRETATION
5 4.50-5.00 Very satisfied
4 3.50-4.49 Satisfied
3 2.50-3.49 Neutral
2 1.50-2.49 Dissatisfied
1 1.00-1.49 Very Dissatisfied
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Table 10.
SQ 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL Weighted Visual
Mean Interpretation
1 25 44 0 0 0 69 4.3125 Satisfied
2 15 48 3 0 0 66 4.125 Satisfied
3 15 16 27 0 0 58 3.625 Satisfied
4 0 24 30 0 0 54 3.375 Neutral
5 10 32 18 0 0 60 3.75 Satisfied
6 60 16 0 0 0 76 4.75 Very satisfied
7 20 28 15 0 0 63 3.9375 Satisfied
Table 10 shows the values for the computed weighted mean taken from the Likert Scale Survey
Questionnaire. With the 1st column being the specific questions given. The 2nd to the 6th column
being the choices given from very satisfied to very dissatisfied and each value is computed through
the formula (No. of respondents’ x The Equivalent score (scale). The 7th column being the Total
Score computed through the formula [No. of respondents’ x The Equivalent score (scale)] added
with the other values of the other scales. The 8th column being the weighted mean computed through
the formula [Total of Scores/No. of Respondents]. And lastly, their visual interpretation depending
on their weighted mean and then is based in the given range of each interpretation. The
interpretation above shows that the respondents are satisfied with the product’s effectiveness and
safety. It also shows that the respondents are satisfied with the time taken of the product to remove
stains. The respondents are satisfied with the product’s shelf life. The respondents are neutral with
the product’s odor. The respondents are satisfied with the product’s color. The respondents are very
satisfied with the product’s effect to the skin. And the respondents are satisfied with the product’s
ability to remove stains.
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IV.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
The rapid growth of brown algae has been one of the source of water pollution causing to the
reduction of water quality. As a contribution to lessen the problem in water pollution, a study on
using brown algae into something useful for the people is executed. It is a study with a purpose of
solving two existing problems, the water pollution and the problem in removing stains. Based on
the synthesize data gathered from the tests done, it can be therefore concluded that the stain remover
made by the brown algae is effective and can be used as an alternative in removing stains. From
the results gathered, there is a significant relationship between the time taken of the product to
remove stain to its effectiveness rate. The lesser the time taken, the higher its effectiveness rate and
the larger the time taken, the smaller its effectiveness rate. The brown algae (sargassum fluitans)
stain remover is as effective as to the commercial one, the product is best effective in fresh stains,
effective in both white cloth and colored cloth and have a shelf life of 19 days. The people are
satisfied to the product’s effectiveness and safety, time ability to remove stains, shelf life and the
product’s color. The people are very satisfied with the product’s effect to the skin and in the neutral
state for the product’s odor. Overall, it is therefore concluded that this study produce an effective,
environmental-friendly and safe to use organic stain remover.
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Recommendation
For further improvements of the brown algae (sargassum fluitans) as a homemade stain remover,
the researchers would like to recommend the following:
Future Researchers – For the future researchers, the researchers of this study would like to
recommend you to come up with another concentration and find out if it is more effective than the
concentration we used in this study. The researchers of this study also recommend you to improve
the product’s odor and came up with an additional study to add fragrance into it. Improve also the
product’s shelf life and color and also the effectiveness rate in removing ink stain. Also improve
the product’s effectiveness rate for old stain. And lastly, to try testing this product on removing
stains not just in cloth but also to other things like utensils, wall, food storage containers, etc.
People – The researchers would like to recommend to the people to use this homemade stain
remover in getting stains from their fabrics and be an instrument to lessen the water pollution. And
also to help and share the importance of lessening water pollution and to raise awareness for ways
in helping to solve environmental problems.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their most profound appreciation to all individuals who helped
in the fulfilment of this study and the completion of this paper. First and foremost, praises and
thanks to God, the almighty for the showers of blessings and His guidance throughout the research
process.
Also we would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research educators, Mr. Sami
Gregg Managbanag, Research adviser, and to Mr. June Rett Aquino, adviser for the Capstone
project, for providing invaluable guidance in this study. For sharing their pearl of wisdom, for their
patience, motivation, giving of recommendations and ideas and their guidance throughout this
study.
To all the participants who cooperated and took time to answer our questionnaire.
To the dear parents of the researchers, friends, and others who helped and supported throughout
this endeavor, you are all appreciated. Heartfelt thanks for all the efforts and may God bless us all.
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A.Y. 2020-2021
REFERENCES
Aldesimo, A. M., Cabantog, W., & Ansay, M. (2018). USE OF PINEAPPLE PEELS AS
ORGANIC STAIN REMOVAL AND WHITENING AGENT ON FABRICS. Retrieved from
TESDA: http://twc.tesda.gov.ph/advocacy/researches/10.pdf
Algal Bloom. (n.d.). Retrieved from Science Daily:

https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/algal_bloom.htm
Alum For Lightening Dark Spots. (2017, October 15). Retrieved from Wild Turmeric:
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Paul University Dumaguete

“BROWN ALGAE (SARGASSUM FLUITANS) AS A HOMEMADE STAIN

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

Capstone Project and Research in Daily Life II

Binondo, Khate Charllote Z.

Fortich, Christy Jane A.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) 12

Keywords: Brown Algae, Environmental-Friendly, Homemade, Organic, Stain Remover

Title Page ............................................................................................................... 1

I. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4-11

II. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 12-32

III. Results and Discussion ............................................................................................. 33-52

IV. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 53-54

References ....................................................................................................................... 56-57

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This research seeks to answer the following questions.

Specifically, this study attempts to answer these following questions.

3. Will this product be an effective environmental-friendly stain remover in terms of its;

- Effects to the skin

5. Can this product remove both fresh and old stains?

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be of great benefit to the following:

Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a

- Concentration - Time taken

- Different people to try and colored

- Effect of the product to the people

The result of this study can make an environmental-friendly stain

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

Scope and Limitation

1. To be able to solve the problem in water pollution.

Stain - a mark or discoloration

Related Literatures and Studies

As determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and analysis of monosaccharide

B. Sampling Technique and Data Gathering Procedure

C. Site of the Study and Respondents

E. Research Methods and Procedures

 Brown Algae (sargassum fluitans)

b. Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) Extraction

1. Sort the brown algae from the other marine plants.

3. Then transfer it in a glass (still with a use of strainer).

4. Wait until it is not hot anymore before placing it in an empty bottle.

(1/4 kl Sargassum Fluitans, 200ml (1/4 kilo Sargassum Fluitans,

(1/2 kilo Sargassum Fluitans, (1/2 kilo Sargassum Fluitans,

Figure 7. A) Concentration for Trial 1 in Effectiveness Test A. B) Concentration for Trial 2 in

e. Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) Stain Remover Effectiveness Test

Test E - Testing the shelf life of the product.

Test F – Testing the perception of the respondents.

KINDS OF TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 4

Soy Sauce Stain

HOMEMADE STAIN REMOVER COMMERCIAL STAIN REMOVER

KINDS (1 3/4 kl Sargassum Fluitans, 270ml

FRESH STAINS OLD STAINS

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3 TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

Brown Algae (Sargassum Fluitans) as a Homemade Stain Remover Questionnaire

1- Very Dissatisfied 2- Dissatisfied 3- Neutral 4- Satisfied 5- Very Satisfied

5. How satisfied are you about the product's color?

6. How satisfied are you about the product's effects

Figure 8. Likert Scale Survey Questionnaire for the chosen respondents.

Table 5. Concentration Test

(Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec) (Hr:Min:Sec)