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Computer Jss 2 2nd Term Note
Computer Jss 2 2nd Term Note
WEEK ONE
REVISION / COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
A programming language is a vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer
to perform specific tasks. It can also be defined as a coded language used by programmers to
write instructions that a computer can understand to do what the programmer wants.
BASIC (an acronym for Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction code) is a family of general
purpose, high level programming languages that was designed by John Gorge Kemeny and
Thomas Eugene Kurtz in 1964.
C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
C++ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
COBOL (an acronym for Common Business Oriented Language). COBOL was designed in 1959
by CODASYL (an acronym for Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages) and was
partly based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper, commonly
referred to as the (grand) mother of COBOL.
FORTRAN (derived from formula translators). It was designed by a team of programmers and
was first published in 1957. The versions of FORTRAN listed by the American National
Standards Association (ANSA) are: - FORTRAN 66 (FORTRAN IV) in 1966, FORTRAN 77 in 1978,
FORTRAN 90 in 1990, FORTRAN 95, and FORTRAN 2003.
Pascal Programming language was designed by Nicklaus Wirth in 1968-1969 and published in
1970.
Ada programming language. Ada was originally designed by a team led by John Ichbiah of a
Honeywell and was named after Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) who is credited with being the first
computer programmer. Examples include Java, Perl, and Algol etc.
LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
It is machine independent
It consists of series of instruction codes.
You must adhere to some rules while writing the high-level languages.
It is easy to read and understand.
They are problem oriented.
WEEK TWO
MEANING OF BASIC
BASIC stands for Beginner All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is not only simple but also a very
powerful high level programming language. It consists of statements written in English words and
mathematical notation. It is written in a human understandable form.
The two professors, John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz developed the language in 1964 at Dartmouth
College, USA, as means of teaching students a simple language for programming a computer.
VERSIONS OF BASIC
i. QBASIC ii. T.BASIC iii. V.BASIC iv. GWBASIC v. Apple Soft BASIC
vi. BASICA – (BASIC ADVANCE)
BASIC Statements
LET Statement
The LET statement permits the programmer to assign numbers and formulas to a variable name.
DATA Statement
The statement (Read and Data) goes hand in hand. Data statement is used to enter data into a program
before running the program or before program execution occurs. The data to be entered into the
program is read from DATA statement.
E.g. 10 READ A, B, C, D
20 DATA 3, 5, 10, 15
INPUT Statement
This allows you to type in data from the keyboard while the program is running. This program will be able
to produce the required result with given data. The input statements have the general format.
10 INPUT A
20 INPUT B
30 INPUT C
IF …THEN … ELSE:
Used to perform comparisons or make decision.
DO…LOOP {WHILE} OR {UNTIL}: Repeat a section of code Forever or while/until the specified condition is
true.
CLS Statement: This program when executed will clear the screen. It means Clear the Screen
LINE numbers
In BASIC we need a line number for each basic statement. Numbers are positive whole numbers from 1 to
99,999. A line number is always in integer form and this are done to give room for correction when
necessary. It is presented in the format below:
10 ……………………..
20 ……………………..
30 ……………………..
40 …………………….. etc.
Example 3
Write a basic program to calculate and print the sum of two numbers.
WEEK 7 – 9
I.C.T AS A TRANSFORMATION TOOL
MEANING OF ICT
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and Communication Technology.
INFORMATION: this is refers to knowledge obtained from reading, investigating, study and
research.
COMMUNICATION: this is an act of transmitting messages.
TECHNOLOGY: this is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purpose especially in
industry.
ICT can therefore be defined as technologies that provide access to information through
telecommunication.
Also, it is defined as the use of diverse set of technological tool and resources to communicate,
create, disseminate, store and manage information. It is the combination of compatible hardware
and computer-based information systems together with improved communication technologies.
Information can be transmitted from one place to the other with the use of ICT. For example,
sending and receiving e-mail, messages, making phone calls, audio and video conferencing,
sending and receiving fax messages, chatting and instant messages etc. Examples of ICT gadget
are; computer, cellular network, satellite communication, television, telephone, etc
ICT COMPONENTS
The major components of ICT are:
1. COMPUTER: it is needed to process data and information.
2. INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES: these send or receive data.
3. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS: these are links by which voice or data are transmitted.
These links uses various media such as telephone line, fiber optic cable, coaxial cable and
wireless transmission which could be radio or satellite link.
4. COMMUNICATION PROCESSOR: these are processor which provides support function of
data transmission and reception. Examples are; modem, router and multiplexer.
5. COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE: this control the input and output activities and also
manage other functions of the communication
BENEFITS OF ICT
i. It is timely, better and cheaper access to knowledge and information.
ii. It speeds up transactions and processes.
iii. It causes human beings interact with each other in new ways.
iv. Distance becomes irrelevant in business transaction and dealing.
DISADVANTAGES OF ICT
I. It leads to job loses.
II. Threatens other areas / field of human endeavor. E.g criminals view it as an avenue to
commit crime of all kinds.
III. ICT tools may not be easily affordable.
IV. Maintenance of some ICT tool or gadgets are expensive.
WEEK 10
SUB-TOPIC 2: ICT Based Gadgets
Meaning of Gadgets: Gadgets are tools or machines that help to do something. ICT gadgets are
information and communication equipments, which includes computer hardware i.e. printer, etc.
Broadcasting technology i.e. radio, television, other ICT gadgets are ATM, fax machines, mobile
phones etc. ICT gadgets are further explained below;