Criminology 4 Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards

Important terms
PNP Philosophy
  1. Service
  2. Honor
  3. Justice

PNP Core Values

  1. Makadios (God-Fearing)
  2. Makabayan (Nationalistic)
  3. Makatao (Humane)

Ethical Acts to be Observed by PNP members

  1. Morality
  2. Judicious use of authority
  3. Integrity
  4. Justice
  5. Humility
  6. Orderliness
  7. Perseverance

Definition of Terms

 Customs - established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have

obtained the force of law.
 Traditions - bodies of belief, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
 Courtesy - a manifestation of expression of consideration and respect for others.
 Ceremony - a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or
authority as proper to special occasion.
 Social Decorum - a set of norms and standard practiced by the members during
social activities and other functions.
Police Community Relation - generally refers to the sum total of attitudes and
behavior between police and the communities they serve.

Public Relations - a collection of communication techniques used by individuals or

organizations to convince an audience about the merits of an idea, organization,
program, practice or policy.
Community Service - refers to the activities whereby police engage in pro-social
activities to enhance the well being of the community beyond law enforcement and
other maintenance.

Community Participation - involves members of the community taking an active role in

trying to genuinely help the police.
Police Traditions
1. Spiritual beliefs
2. Valor
3. Patriotism
4. Discipline
5. Gentlemanliness
6. Word of Honor
7. Duty
8. Loyalty
9. Camaraderie

Spiritual Beliefs - can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path
enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being or the deepest values and
meanings by which people live.

Valor - great courage in the face of danger. Strength of mind or spirit that enables a
person to encounter danger with firmness.

Patriotism - love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it.

Discipline - the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior using
punishment to correct disobedience.

Gentlemanliness - characteristic of or having the character of a gentleman. A man

whose conduct conforms to a high standard of propriety or correct behavior.

Word of Honor - a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do or not

to do something in the future.

Duty - a task or action that someone is required to perform.

Loyalty - a strong feeling of support or allegiance. Is faithfulness or a devotion to a

person, country, group or cause.

Camaraderie - mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time
together. Goodwill and lighthearted rapport between or among friends.
UNDERSTANDING ETHICS
Etymologically, the word ethics is coined from the Greek word “ethicos”, or that which
pertains to “ethos”, the English translation of which is “custom” or “character”. From this
etymological meaning, ethics is taken to mean as a philosophical science that deals
with the morality of human conduct or human acts.
What do we mean by “morality of human acts?” Morality of human acts refers
to the goodness of the badness, the rightness or the wrongness of human acts.

Ethics is a philosophical science. This means that ethics is one of the many
disciplines in philosophy.

Four Disciplines / Divisions in Philosophy:

1. Descriptive or Speculative – a discipline in philosophy that posits the
question: What is the nature of reality? (Metaphysics)
2. Normative – a discipline in philosophy that posits the question: What is good
and what is bad? Or what is right action and wrong action? (Moral philosophy)
3. Practical philosophy – a discipline in philosophy which reflects upon truth in
relation to action. (Logic)
4. Critical philosophy – a discipline in philosophy that posits the question: What
is truth? (Epistemology)

CHARACTER VS. PERSONALITY

Character Personality

It is objective in nature. It is within a It is subjective. It changes at point in

person. time.

A particular system of trait that is A set of characteristics that each person

permanent to each person. possesses.

It is molded depending on his It influences how one behaves as well as

environment. one’s motivation.
 One’s character shows on how the The image that one presents in front of
person acts and reacts to his or her other.
peers and how she or he deals with
everything that happens around him or
her.

UNDERSTANDING MORALITY
Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most successful
professional, is nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, the
philosophers speak of Ethics as the “only necessary knowledge”.
Morality is the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities
perish; without personal morality their survival has no value. Every culture admits the
importance of morality as a standard of behavior. When the moral foundation of a nation
is threatened, society itself is threatened
Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good,
bad or indifferent.

ETHICS VS. MORALITY

Ethics Morality

What is it? The rules of conduct Principles or habits with

recognized in respect to a respect to right or wrong
particular class of human conduct. It defines how
actions or a particular things should work
group, culture, etc. It according to an
defines how thing are individual’s ideals and
according to the rules. principles.

Source Social system / External Individual / Internal

Why we do it? Because society says it is Because we believe in

the right thing to do. something being right or
wrong.

Flexibility Ethics are dependent on Usually consistent,

others for definition. They although can change if
 tend to be consistent an individual’s beliefs
within a certain context,
change.
but can vary between
contexts.

MORALITY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE

● There is morality because there is man.
1. Man is the only Moral Being by virtue of the following reasons.
a. Man is a being of action.
b. Man has intellect.
c. Man has will.
2. Man as an Animal
3. Man as a Rational Animal
4. Intellect compared with will
5. Concrete Basis of Morality

UNDERSTANDING VALUES
Undeniably, there is a metaphysical dependence of values in ethics, for values have
ethics as one of their indispensable carriers. True enough, ethics and values support
each other. An ethics without values is hollow and shallow and, therefore, weak. Values
without ethics are paralytic. Needless to say, values are values even if they are not put
into practice because primarily – not absolutely - values are objective. If values are
construed this way, it can be inferred that they have nothing to do with ethics. The
contention can be justified in view of the fact that not everything which is good is moral
or ethical. In other words, not all values (good) are necessarily moral. The good in a
glass of water – because it satisfies our thirst – does not quality water as moral. The
good in food – because it satisfies our hunger – does not make food moral as well.

General definition of Values

1. Values are the object of human desire and striving; they are also the subjective
assessment of a particular object insofar as it is good.
2. Values are our beliefs, those beliefs which we hold to be true. Thus values
inspire us to struggle towards our proximate and ultimate ends.
3. Values refer to things, person, ideas or goals which are important to life; they
enable us to direct, understand, and evaluate our lives. Thus, they refer to our
ideals and our principles by which we live. Further, values are those which we like,
approve, esteem, enjoy and prize.
Properties of Values

1. Values are subjective – when we say values are subjective, we mean that the
existence and the validity of values are dependent upon on the feelings or attitudes of
the subject.
2. Values are objective – when we say values are objective, we mean that the
existence and the nature of values are independent of a subject.
3. Values are relative – this means that values have intrinsic limitation and
imperfection.
4. Values are bipolar – this mean that values do not exist alone; they always exist
with their counter values. Thus, values are either positive or negative.
5. Values are hierarchical – when we say values are hierarchical, we do not classify
values but rather we rank them. When we rank values, we establish order of importance
among them. The closest meaning of ranking values is prioritizing values.

ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES
Every organization has values that are important to the group. It will help the
organization to survive. Organizations develop values much the same as each
individual has developed values.

UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ACTS

Human acts are actions that proceed from the deliberate free will of man. In a broader
perspective, the term human acts refer to any activity performed by man. This activity
could either be physical, spiritual, internal, or external. Moral philosophy, however,
treats the term human acts not in its broader but in its stricter meaning. Moral
Philosophy, therefore, understands human acts as actions that are proper only to man.
These actions are those which man does not share with the brutes for human acts are
rational and willed acts.
Three-fold Elements of Human Acts
1. Knowledge
2. Freedom
3. Voluntariness

HUMAN ACTS VS. ACTS OF MAN

Human Acts Acts of Man

It requires man’s rationality. It does not require man’s rationality.

It requires knowledge, freedom and Done without knowledge, without

voluntariness (elements of human acts) consent and involuntary.

It does not need man’s freedom and will.

Man takes responsibility of his action It does not make man responsible for his
action.

Foundation of Police Ethics

Professional conduct and ethical standards and a high degree of honesty are more
essential for officers and members of Philippine National Police (PNP) than for any
member of the society. This is so, because they are entrusted with the enforcement of
the rules, regulations and ordinances created by City/Municipality and the laws of the
land created by the Congress that guide the conduct of society. A policemen’s violation
or infraction thereof, or his failure to enforce it, dishonor the law and the authority he
represents.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Police Ethics- It is the practical science that treats the principle of human morality
and duty as applied to law enforcement.
2. Moonlighting- An act of a member of the PNP pursuing or following any calling or
occupation, or the act of engaging in any business, which includes but not limited to
 all activities, jobs, work, and similar functions, performed, engaged in or undertaking
by him, in or off duty hours with or without compensation, which is inconsistent or
incompatible with the PNP duties or functions. Such as a bouncer, security guard,
driver, bodyguard, confidential agent, watchman and any other occupations of
similar nature, in any enterprise or establishment, public or private, which will
prejudice the interest of law enforcement and public safety.
3. Ethical standard – it refers to the set of conducts and behavior governing a
group, a class or organization.
4. Police customs and social decorum – a set of norms and standards practiced by
members during social and other functions.
5. Nonfeasance/Neglect of Duty- It is the omission of some act, which ought to be
performed. It is the omission or refusal without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or
duty, which as a peace officer’s legal obligation to perform.
6. Misfeasance/Irregularities in the Performance of Duty- It is the improper
performance of some act which might lawfully be done.
7. Malfeasance- It is the performance of some act which ought not to be done. It is
the doing either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no
legal right to do at all, as when he acts without any authority whatsoever, or exceeds,
ignores, or abuses his powers.
8. Incompetency- It is the manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties. This has reference to any physical and
intellectual quality, the lack of which substantially incapacitates one to perform the
duties of peace officers.
9. Oppression- Imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, or excessive
use of authority
10. Dishonesty- It is the concealment or distortion of truth in a manner of a fact
relevant to one’s office or connected with the performance of his duties.
11. Disloyalty to the Government- Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s
loyalty to the Government of the Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the
government.
12. Public official- Includes elective and appointive officials and employees,
permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including
military and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation or not,
regardless of amount.
13. Public Officer or Employee- It means any person holding any public office or
employment by virtue of an appointment, election or contract, and any person holding
any office or employment, by appointment or contract in any state-owned or controlled
corporation.
14. Gift- It refers to the thing or right disposed gratuitously, or any act of liberality in
favor of another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or ostensibly
onerous disposition thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of nominal or
insignificant value not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for a favor.

ETHICS IN THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP)

The PNP Professional Conduct and Ethical Standard are based from existing
laws covering public servants as embodied in the Constitution, Revised Penal Code, RA
6713 (The code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees),
and other related statutes. The ethical conduct and standard of the PNP is further
enhanced to fit in their nature of their creation as embodied in the Constitution which is
civilian in nature but military in manner.

FIVE PILLARS TOWARDS AN ETHICAL PNP MEMBER

1. Background of the applicants – this includes the qualification like educational

attainment and morality.
2. Type of training – strengthening the behavior of the selected applicant is believed
to be the objective of the PNP training.
3. Response to training – trainees’ obedience to legal orders is indispensable in
undergoing the training.
4. Determination – trainees’ determination to pursue the required training.
5. Ability to rise when fall – It is but natural to fail but what matter is the ability to rise
especially when put in hot water. Facing the consequences of our action is a sign of
maturity.

CANNONS OF POLICE ETHICS

1. Primordial Police Responsibility

- The primary objective of police is the prevention of crime. 2. Limitation of Police
Authority
- As an upholder of the law, policemen must know the limitation in enforcing the
law, thus:
a. He must be aware of the limitations which the people, through law, have
placed him.
b. He must recognize the center of the democratic system of government,
which gives person or group of persons, absolute power.
c. He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.
3. Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibility
- The policeman shall assiduously apply himself to the principles of the laws,
which he is sworn to apply.
a. He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of
enforcement, seeking aid of his superior in matters technically or in principles
not clear to him
 b. He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with law
enforcement agencies, particularly on matters of jurisdiction, both
geographically and substantively.
4. Use of proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection
of methods in discharging the duty of his office.
b. Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are
intrinsically wrong. They are self-defeating if they instill in the public mind.
c. The employment of Illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is
certain
to encourage disrespect for the law and its officers, If the law is to be
honored, it must first be honored by those who enforce it.
d. it is the proper performance of duty not the nobleness of the objective or
mission which should guide every police officer.
5. Cooperation with Public Officials
a. The policeman shall cooperate fully with other public officials in the
performance or authorized duties, regardless of party affiliation or personal
prejudices.
b. He shall be meticulous in law, however, in assuring himself as property,
under
the law, such actions shall guard against the use of his office or person
whether knowingly or in any improper or illegal action.
6. Proper Conduct and Behavior
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as
an upholder of law.
b. The community and the service require that the policeman leads the life of
decent and honorable person, following the career of policeman gives no
special pre-requisite.
c. being a law enforcement officer is a noble profession, it follows that every
law enforcer must think, act and speak with decency and appropriately.
7. Conduct towards the Community
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community
b. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to
instill respect for its law.
c. He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence
and trust.
d. He will do neither personal preference nor prejudice but rather a duly
appointed officer of the law discharging his sworn obligation.
8. Conduct in Arresting Law Violator
a. Policeman shall use his powers to arrest in accordance with the law and
with due regard to the rights of the citizen concerned.
b. He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and
limitation regarding the detention of the accused.
c. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility
of having to use force.
 d. He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of
the law whether in the handling of the accused or law-abiding citizen.

9. Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors

a. Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of
maintaining, in his conduct, the honor and integrity of all government
institution.
b. He shall guard against placing himself in a Position in which the public can
reasonably assume that special consideration is being given.
c. He shall be firm in refusing gifts, favors or gratitude, large or small, which
can be public mind, be interpreted as capable of influencing his judgment in
the discharge of his duties.
10. Attitude towards Police Profession
a. Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and
recognize his responsibilities as a public servant.
b. He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the
selection of the crime and in the field of human relation.
c. He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters
affecting public safety.
d. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and
hold police work to be an honorable profession rendering valuable service to
his community.
e. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level
of knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient and effective
performance of duty. The acquisition of knowledge is a never- ending process
of personal and professional development that should be pursued constantly.
11. Impartial Presentation of Evidence
a. Policeman shall be concerned equally in the prosecution of the accused or
for the defense of the innocent
b. He shall ascertain what kind of evidence and shall present such evidence
impartially and without malice.
c. He shall ignore social, political and all other distinction among the person
involved, strengthening the tradition of reliability and integrity of an officer’s
word.

PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLE

1. Prevention of crime and disorder
2. Cooperation of community
3. Unreasonable force reduce community cooperation
4. Use of Reasonable Force When Persuasion Is Not Sufficient
5. Impartial Enforcement of Laws
6. The Community Are the Police
7. Police Should Not Usurp Judicial Powers
8. Reduction of Crime and Disorder
9. Rule of Enforcement Impartially Observed
 10. Police Discretion

LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to

safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent against deception, weak
against oppression or intimidation and the peaceful against violence or
disorder: and to respect the constitutional rights of all men, liberty, equality
and justice.

I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain

courageous calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-
restraint and be constantly mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in
thought and in deed both my personal and official life. I will be exemplary in
obeying the laws of the land and regulations of my organization. Whatever I
see or hear of a confidential in nature or is confided to me in my official
capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the
performance of my duty.
I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices,
animosities or friendship to influence my decision; with no compromise for
crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law
courteously and appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill will, never
employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in
return.

I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and I accept it

as a Public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of police
service. I will never engage in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone
such acts by other police officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized
agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of Justice.

I know that I alone is responsible for my own standard or professional

performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and
Improve my level of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to
achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God and my
chosen profession…. Law Enforcement.

NOTE:
a. read your notes for the entire explanation of this Code of Ethics
b. MEMORIZE the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and be ready anytime
to recite this in a virtual platform.

TENETS OF DISCIPLINE
All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which
include the following:
a. One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of
the policeman’s place or work. If a police station is unkept, people cannot expect the
kind of positive responds to their needs.
b. All police actions must be characterized by courtesy and discipline.
c. All objectives of the PNP must always be for the Public interest and not private
interest. The people must feel that they are welcome to approach any member of the
PNP for assistance.
d. All citizens must be treated with dignity and respect.
e. All police actions must be in accordance with the law. Respect for human rights
and other laws of the land must be primordial concern in the exercise of Police duties/
f. Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not give
in exchange for any favor, reward or condition.
g. Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling
must not be tolerated.
h. There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police Commanders, as model
of public service, must show proper behavior not only to their subordinates but also to
the people.

Who is a Filipino Policeman?

- A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people.
- His badge is the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust, his uniform a mirror
of decorum and integrity.
- His whole human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland,
fellowmen and God.
- A Filipino policeman emulates the valor of Lapu-lapu, serenity of Rizal, the
leadership of Aguinaldo, the courage of Bonifacio, the idealism of Del Pilar, the
wisdom of Mabini and the fortitude of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora.
- A Filipino policeman has oath for his republic to uphold: to defend the
constitution, honor the flag, obey the laws and duly constituted authorities. He
has covenant with his people to comply: to safeguard and protect them even
beyond the call of duty. And he has a legacy for his family to fulfill: to bequeath
unto them the one and only treasure of his life – an unblemished name.

The Policeman and his Badge

Pointedly enough, it is precisely upon grounds of reliability and unreliability, fidelity or
infidelity in the performance of his duties that the badge of a policeman assumes
paramount significance.
This is because the badge could either be the symbol of the citizen’s faith and trust in
the policeman or the harbinger of their contempt and derision for him, all depending
upon efficiency or inefficiency in the execution of the policeman’s task or mission.
But whatever it may be, the salient point remains that the policeman’s badge stands out
as the embodiment of his entire personality, both as a citizen and a public servant, yes,
a badge that beckons the policeman to commit himself to the democratic way of life
and, even more, to maintain the principle of public accountability.
Furthermore, the badge flashes incessantly to the mind and heart of the policeman his
inescapable concern, commitment and obligation to uphold at all times the constitution
and be loyal to his country, people and organization over and above loyalty to any other
person or organization.

The Policeman and his Uniform

The gestures and attitudes of internalizing and externalizing could aptly project to the
fore the fierce relevance and significance of the uniform of the policeman.
This is because what a policeman has internalized or ingested in terms of discipline,
conduct, insight and decorum is externalized or unfolded by his uniform on points of
among others, physical appearance, social graces, professional bearing, and personal
comportment.
More importantly, the uniform bespeaks not only of the authority and prerogatives of the
peace keeper and law enforcer donning or wearing such uniform but, equally
worthwhile, the intellectual, moral and spiritual cast and mold of the person inside that
uniform. Just as what abounds in the heart is spoken by the mouth, so what values and
virtues are acquired and ingested, or not ingested and acquired, as the case may be,
are bound to have a repercussion or reflection on his uniform.
If a policeman is neglectful or remiss in his interior breeding, upbringing, and posturing,
there surges the imminent and potential likelihood that such shortcomings would find
shape and form in his untidy, sloppy and repulsive uniform.
Indeed, a well-meaning and disciplined member of the force realizes without being told
that the citizenry looks upon and discerns the policeman as distinctively a man among
gentlemen and a gentleman among men, a circumstance and factor that prompts such
citizenry to hail as a gratifying sight when the men and women in the
The Policeman and his Oath
In raising their hand in solemn attestation and affirmation of their oath, our new breed of
peace keepers and law enforcers, imbued and invigorated as they are with their
collateral concern and commitment to socio-economic development and nation-building,
have plunged themselves, in consortium with the other relevant agencies and
instrumentalities of the Republic, into a vast battlefield on which to wage constructive
wars.
It is with greater relevance to have to point out just the same the sacrificial implication of
the oath engendering a beatific irony, if we are to consider the fact that while on one
hand the member of the police service is impliedly exhorted under his oath to love his
country and endear his family, on the other hand, when, in response to the same oath,
the supreme cause of his official duty exacts upon him to offer his very life, he cannot
help but leave behind him forever his endeared family and his beloved country.
This is because this sacrificial human victim is very much a part and parcel of one
profession, the police profession, whose oblation to GOD, country and people finds its
august limits only in death.
To the present-day members of the nation’s police service, the oath of loyalty to GOD,
country and people could also serve as reminder of their comrades who died in line of
duty or otherwise met their untimely demise in the hands of the enemies of societies,
yes, offering their lives so that their countrymen could live in peace, solace, and security
that they have learned to enjoy and cherish.
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD
PNP ETHICAL DOCTRINE
The PNP Ethical Doctrine was culled from the PNP Code of Professional Conduct and
Ethical Standards (COPCES). The adoption of the PNP Code of conduct as an Ethical
Doctrine reinforces the former as an effective instrument in the moral values'
internalization in the PNP.

THE PNP CORE VALUES

The police service is a noble profession which demands from its members specialized
knowledge and skills, as well as high standards of ethics and morality. In this regard,
the members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring core values of the
PNP such as;
a. love of God.
b. respect for authority.
c. respect for women.
d. respect for sanctity of marriage.
e. responsible dominion and stewardship over material things f. truthfulness

THE POLICE OFFICER’S CREED

I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a great provider, and the creator of all men
and all dear to me. In return, I can do no less than love Him above all, seek his
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.

I believe that respect for authority is duty. I respect and uphold the constitution and the
laws of the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and
authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.

I believe in selfless love and service to people. Toward this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.

I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women. I shall set the example of
decency and morality and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit
myself from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect the environment and
conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall protect private and public
properties and prevent others from destroying it.

I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and shall speak the truth at
all times as required by my profession.

PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

The deployment and employment of the PNP personnel require the organization
and its members to bare their stand on the following basic issues.

1. PNP Image – The image of any organization affects the esprit d’ corps, morale
and welfare of the members, and sense of pride to the organization. In view thereof, all
members of the PNP should conduct themselves in manner that would not place the
PNP core values in vain and possess the following virtue:
a. Honor e. Honesty
 b. Integrity f. Humility
c. Valor g. Charity
d. Justice h. Loyalty to the service

2. Career Management, the Key to Professionalism – The Proper implementation of

the PNP’s Career Management will greatly enhance the personnel professionalization
process with regards to procurement, training, promotion, assignment, placement,
awards and retirement. The PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and strictly
implement the human resources development system, compatible to the equitable
distribution of procurement, fair promotion, rationalized approach in assignment, skill
development, immediate grant of reward and award, and decent living upon retirement.

3. Police Management Leadership – The effectiveness of law enforcement is

reflective of the managerial capabilities and competent leadership of the men and
women who run the PNP organization. These attributes must therefore be one of the
primary bases for consideration in the selection of personnel for employment and
deployment purposes.

4. Equality In the Service – There shall be judicious and equitable distribution of

opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police service. The problem on inequity thru
class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, premised on favored
assignment, inequitable opportunity of training, unfair granting of promotion, and
untimely awarding of achievements, will create an atmosphere of demoralization. The
result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of the organization. It
behooves. Therefore, on the PNP leadership address the situation. The civilian
character of the organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and fitness system
and to dissociate the above process from class orientation and factionalism.

5. Delicadeza - In consonance with the requirements of honor and integrity in the

PNP, all members must have the moral courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with
the time-honored principle of delicadeza.
6. Police Lifestyle - The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members
which the public will find credible and respectable. The public expects a police officer to
live a simple and dignified life. They must be free from greed corruption and
exploitation.
7. Political Patronage - PNP members shall inhibit themselves from soliciting
political patronage on matters pertaining to assignment, award, training and promotion.
8. Human Rights - All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and
man’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and property.

STANDARD OF POLICE PROFESSIONALISM

All members of the PNP shall perform their duties with excellence, competence,
integrity, intelligence and expertise in the application of specialized skill and
technical knowledge.

Professionalism refers to the conduct and qualities that characterize a particular

profession. Professionalism in policing necessitates viewing the position
of police officer as a profession, rather than simply as a job. A profession is a
calling that requires specialized knowledge and particular academic training.

POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

All members of the PNP shall observe the following professional police conduct:
1. Commitment of Democracy
a. Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the democratic way
of life and values and maintain the principles of public accountability.
b. They shall at all times uphold the constitution and be loyal to our country,
people and the police organization.
2. Commitment to Public Interest
a. PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above
personal interest.
b. All government properties, resources and powers of their respective
offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently,
particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues.
3. Non-Partisanship
PNP members shall provide service to everyone without discrimination
regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations. 4.

Physical Fitness and Health

All PNP members shall strive to be physically fit and in good health at all
times. Towards this end, they shall undergo regular exercises and annual
medical examination in any PNP hospital or medical facility.
5. Secrecy Discipline
All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified
information against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspect of
official business, special orders, communication and other documents, roster or any
portion thereof, contents of criminal records, identities of person who may have given
information to the police in confidence and other classified information on intelligence
materials.
a. Official Business
Members of the PNP Shall treat official business confidential and
shall not impart the same to anyone except those for whom it is intended,
or as directed by their superior officer, or as required by law. b. Special
Order
PNP members shall not divulge to any unauthorized person
any special order or classified document which they may be made
accessible to or may receive or may pass their hands. c. Roster
PNP Members shall not divulge the roster or any portion thereof to
any individual, firm or corporation, or similar entity.
d. Criminal Record
Contents of criminal record shall not be exhibited or divulge to any
person other than duly authorized police officers or upon approval of their
superior officers, or as required by law. e. Identify of Person
PNP members shall respect the confidence of persons who may
give information or seek the aid of the police names and business or addresses
be not made public except when required by law, or which it is absolutely
necessary in the performance of duty.
6. Social Awareness
All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be
encouraged to actively get involved in the religious, social, and civic activities to
enhance image.
7. Non- Solicitation of Patronage
All PNP members shall seek self-improvement through career development
and shall:
a. Not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from
politicians, high-ranking government officials, and prominent citizens, persons
affiliated with civic or religious organizations with regard to their assignments,
promotions, transfer or related advantage.
b. Nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by
citizens in their behalf.
c. Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in the
activities of the police service particularly in the assignment and reassignment
of personnel.
d. Not, at any time, suggest, solicit or recommend to any party or accused
with pending case, the employment of any particular bondsman or counsel for
his defense or release.
8. Proper Care and Use of Public Property
a. Members shall be responsible for the security, proper care and use of
public property issued to them and/ or deposited under their care and
 custody. Unauthorized use of public property for personal convenience or gain
and that of their families, friends or relatives are strictly prohibited.

b. Retiring, reassigning, or dismissed members of the PNP shall immediately

surrender their badges, service firearms, identification cards, other insignia of
office, and other property of the PNP which may be in their possession or
under their responsibility.
c. All recovered property, used in the commission of crime or alleged to be
so, property legally seized, found or surrender and those found on the person
of a prisoner; shall be properly tagged and immediately delivered to the
proper custodian for disposition.
9. Respect for Human Rights
a. In the performance of their duty, PNP members shall respect human
dignity and uphold human rights of all persons.
b. He shall not inflict, investigate, or tolerate extra-judicial killing, arbitrary
arrest, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment.
c. He shall not invoke superior order or exceptional circumstances such as
state of war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any
committing such violation of human rights.
10. Devotion to Duty
a. All PNP members shall perform their duties with devotion, and manifest
concern for public welfare.
b. He shall refrain from engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with
their duties as public servants.
c. He shall not rein sickness or Injury or Physical incapacity to avoid
performance of duty.
d. He shall not leave his assigned jurisdiction of official business, except by
permission of his superior officer or other competent authority, unless such
permission is not practical as in hot pursuit of a criminal, in which case a
report must be made immediately thereafter.
11. Conservation of Natural Resources
Policemen shall help in the development and conservation of our natural
resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are inalienable heritage of our
people.
12. Discipline
 They shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules and
regulations of the Philippines.
13. Loyalty
Above all, policemen must be loyal to the Constitution and to the police service
as manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates as well.
14. Obedience to Superior.
a. Policemen of lower ranks must be always courteous and obedience to
their superior and other appropriate authorities within the chain of command.
b. No members shall use abusive, insulting or indecent language to another
member.
15. Command Responsibility.
a. In accordance with the Doctrine of Command Responsibility, immediate
commanders shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and
direction of their personnel.
b. He shall see to it that all government resources with laws and regulations
and safeguard against losses thru illegal and improper disposition.

POLICE ETHICAL STANDARDS

All PNP members shall observe the police ethical standards , which
pertain to established and generally accepted moral values. Ethical standard to be
observed are the following:
1. Morality
a. All PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency
and shall set good example for others to follow;
b. In no instance during their terms of office shall they be involved as owner,
operators, manager or investor in any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or
other places devoted to vices;
c. Nor shall they patronize such places unless on official duty, and not
tolerate operations of such establishment in their respective areas of
responsibility.
d. They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouse.
2. Judicious use of Authority
All PNP Members shall exercise proper legitimate use of authority in the
performance of duty.
3. Integrity
Policemen shall not allow themselves to be victim of corruption and
dishonest practices in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 6713
and other applicable laws.
4. Justice
All PNP members shall strive constantly to respect their rights as human beings,
parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders or in other capacities and to see to it that
others do likewise.
5. Humility
a. All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not
the master of the people and toward this end; they should perform their duties without
arrogance.
b. They should also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as
individuals and perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the
applause of others.

5. Orderliness
All PNP members shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing task
assigned to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and efforts.
6. Perseverance
Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate means to
achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite of
anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the
desirable practices of the police. These shall serve as an inspiration to the PNP
endeavor to attain its goals and objectives.

Definition of Terms
Customs - Social practices carried by tradition that has obtained the force of law.
Traditions - Bodies of belief, stories, customs and usage handed down from generation
to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
Courtesy - A manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
Ceremony - A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as
proper to special occasion.
Social Decorum - A set of norms and standards practiced by members during socials
and other functions.

Police Customs on Courtesy - The following are courtesies in the PNP:

1. Salute
2. Salute to National Color and Standard
3. Address/Title
4. Courtesy Calls
a. Courtesy Call on Newly Assigned/ Promoted/ Appointed member b. Christmas Call
c. New Year’s Call
d. Promotion Call
e. Exit Call
5. Courtesy of the post
6. Rank has its own Privilege (RHIP)

Police Customs on Ceremonies - The following are customs and ceremonies that
must be observed by all PNP members.
1. Flag Raising Ceremony
2. Flag Retreat Ceremony
3. Half-Mast
4. Funeral Service and Honors
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retiree
6. Honor Ceremony
7. Turn-Over Ceremony
8. Wedding Ceremony
 9. Anniversary

Police Customs on Social Decorum - The following are the police customs on social
decorum:
1. Proper Attire
2. Table Manners
3. Social Graces
4. Uniform/ Appearance - observe the following:
a. Wearing of prescribed uniform.
b. Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in

accordance with the prescribed rules and regulations.

c. Adherence to haircut prescribed by the rules and regulations. d.
Manner of walking

Other Police Customs

1. Visiting the sick
2. Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased members
3. Visiting the religious Leaders
4. Athletics
5. Happy Hours

Police Traditions - The traditions that policemen must adhere to:

1. Spiritual beliefs
2. Valor
3. Patriotism
4. Discipline
5. Gentlemanliness
6. Word of Honor
 7. Duty
8. Loyalty
9. Camaraderie

1. Known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for

    public officials and employees.
        A. R.A. No. 9344
        B. R.A. No. 6713
        C. R.A. No. 9262
        D. P.D. No. 603

2. It is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by

    voluntarily, completely, and actually depriving or dispossessing
    oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or persons
    other than his spouse and relatives.
        A. Procurement
        B. Divestment
        C. Enticement
        D. Attainment

3. A Fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation

    for a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of reasoning.
        A. Principle
        B. Ideas
        C. Customs
        D. Morals

4. A branch of Philosophy dealing with what are good and bad with
    moral duty and obligation.
        A. Logic
        B. Epistemology
        C. Aesthetics
        D. Ethics

5. Are Rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong,

    should and shouldn't, good and bad.
        A. Morals
        B. Ethics
        C. Values
        D. Customs
 
6. Is a Science that treats of the law enforcement.
        A. Police Code of Ethics
        B. Military Code of Ethics
        C. Government Officials Code of Ethics
        D. Barangay Tanod's Code of Ethics
7. It means long established practices common to a particular
    community,class, or race.
        A. Practice
        B. Values
        C. Customs
        D. Ethics

8. It implies the repetition of the same action as to develop a

    natural, spontaneous or rooted tendency or inclination
    to perform it.
        A. Traditions
        B. Practices
        C. Values
        D. Habits
9. It means a regularly followed procedure or pattern in conducting
    activities.
        A. Traditions
        B. Practice
        C. Values
        D. Habits

10. It means observance of social norms as required by good

     breeding.
        A. Etiquette
        B. Ethics
        C. Values
        D. Practice

Answer:

1.   B
2.   B
3.   A
4.   D.
5.   C
6.   A
7.   C
8.   D
9.   B
10. A

Familiarize Yourself With The Following Terms:

1. Corruption – is the misuse of authority by a police officer in a

    manner designed to produce personal gain for himself or others;

    an impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle; inducement

    (as an official) by means of improper considerations (as bribery)
     to commit a violation of duty.

2. DHRDD – refers to the Directorate for Human Resource and

    Doctrine Development; the primary training and education
    directorate in the PNP.

3. Ethics - is the capacity to determine right conduct and the

    knowledge of what is right from wrong; specific moral choices to
    be made by the individual in his relationship with others; the
    moral quality of a course of action, fitness and propriety.

4. Ethics and Values Counseling Center – A facility for spiritual and

    behavioral intervention established in every Police Regional Office
    to provide adequate counseling and assistance to police officers

 5. Ethics and Values Formation Program - This program contains

     policies,principles, guidelines and sanctions, all geared towards
     the internalization of moral values and service dedication through
     the implementation of a systematic values-integration and
     intervention program.

6. Moral Recovery Program - The Moral Recovery Program is a

    movement which aims to mobilize all Filipinos for nation-building
    through the practical exercise of human values in our daily lives
    as citizens. It is empowered through Executive Order 319 signed
    by President Fidel V Ramos on April 03, 1996, which
    institutionalizes the MRP in all government departments, offices,
    agencies, and government-owned and controlled corporations

7. Morale – refers to a person’s state of mind and emotions,

    affecting the personnel/employee and the police force to perform
    assigned tasks willingly and enthusiastically with confidence,
    cheerfulness and discipline to work, which in turn affects the
     individual performance and organizational goals and objectives.

8. Morality – quality of human acts that leads man to observe

   “moral behavior”, to be obedient to a system of moral rules,
   “rules of right conduct”.

9. Police Discretion – the inherent ability and privilege of a police

   officer to test and use the limits of his power in making a choice
   among possible courses of action or inaction (i.e. to arrest or not
   to arrest).

10. PRO - Police Regional Office which constitute seventeen (17)

     Regional Offices of the PNP to include ARMM, CAR and NCRPO

11. Police Officer – a public servant who represents the disciplinary

     and discretionary power of the state to enforce laws

12. Values – are beliefs, principles and philosophies that are

     important,cherished, prized, upheld and defended:
13. Virtue – the quality of moral excellence, righteousness, probity,
     responsibility and goodness; conformity to standard morality or
     mores (as by abstention from vices, rectitude); specific type of
     moral excellence or other exemplary quality considered
     meritorious, a worthy practice or ideal
 
14. Customs - Established usage or social practices carried on by
      tradition that have obtained the force of law.

 15. Traditions - Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages

      handed down from generation to generation with the effect of
      an unwritten law.

16. Courtesy - A manifestation or expression of consideration and

     respect for others.

 17. Ceremony - A formal act or set of formal acts established by

      customs or authority as proper to special occasion.

 18. Social Decorum - A set of norms and standards practiced by

      members during social and other functions.

 19. Salute - Salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed

      members upon meeting and recognizing person entitled to
     a salute.

20. Habits - Provide the basis for judgments about what is

     important for the organization to succeed in its core business.