Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Criminology 4 Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards
Criminology 4 Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards
Important terms
PNP Philosophy
1. Service
2. Honor
3. Justice
Definition of Terms
Spiritual Beliefs - can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path
enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being or the deepest values and
meanings by which people live.
Valor - great courage in the face of danger. Strength of mind or spirit that enables a
person to encounter danger with firmness.
Discipline - the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior using
punishment to correct disobedience.
Camaraderie - mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time
together. Goodwill and lighthearted rapport between or among friends.
UNDERSTANDING ETHICS
Etymologically, the word ethics is coined from the Greek word “ethicos”, or that which
pertains to “ethos”, the English translation of which is “custom” or “character”. From this
etymological meaning, ethics is taken to mean as a philosophical science that deals
with the morality of human conduct or human acts.
What do we mean by “morality of human acts?” Morality of human acts refers
to the goodness of the badness, the rightness or the wrongness of human acts.
Ethics is a philosophical science. This means that ethics is one of the many
disciplines in philosophy.
Character Personality
UNDERSTANDING MORALITY
Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most successful
professional, is nothing unless he too is morally upright. Thus, the
philosophers speak of Ethics as the “only necessary knowledge”.
Morality is the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities
perish; without personal morality their survival has no value. Every culture admits the
importance of morality as a standard of behavior. When the moral foundation of a nation
is threatened, society itself is threatened
Morality is the quality of human acts by which they are constituted as good,
bad or indifferent.
Ethics Morality
UNDERSTANDING VALUES
Undeniably, there is a metaphysical dependence of values in ethics, for values have
ethics as one of their indispensable carriers. True enough, ethics and values support
each other. An ethics without values is hollow and shallow and, therefore, weak. Values
without ethics are paralytic. Needless to say, values are values even if they are not put
into practice because primarily – not absolutely - values are objective. If values are
construed this way, it can be inferred that they have nothing to do with ethics. The
contention can be justified in view of the fact that not everything which is good is moral
or ethical. In other words, not all values (good) are necessarily moral. The good in a
glass of water – because it satisfies our thirst – does not quality water as moral. The
good in food – because it satisfies our hunger – does not make food moral as well.
1. Values are the object of human desire and striving; they are also the subjective
assessment of a particular object insofar as it is good.
2. Values are our beliefs, those beliefs which we hold to be true. Thus values
inspire us to struggle towards our proximate and ultimate ends.
3. Values refer to things, person, ideas or goals which are important to life; they
enable us to direct, understand, and evaluate our lives. Thus, they refer to our
ideals and our principles by which we live. Further, values are those which we like,
approve, esteem, enjoy and prize.
Properties of Values
1. Values are subjective – when we say values are subjective, we mean that the
existence and the validity of values are dependent upon on the feelings or attitudes of
the subject.
2. Values are objective – when we say values are objective, we mean that the
existence and the nature of values are independent of a subject.
3. Values are relative – this means that values have intrinsic limitation and
imperfection.
4. Values are bipolar – this mean that values do not exist alone; they always exist
with their counter values. Thus, values are either positive or negative.
5. Values are hierarchical – when we say values are hierarchical, we do not classify
values but rather we rank them. When we rank values, we establish order of importance
among them. The closest meaning of ranking values is prioritizing values.
ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES
Every organization has values that are important to the group. It will help the
organization to survive. Organizations develop values much the same as each
individual has developed values.
Man takes responsibility of his action It does not make man responsible for his
action.
1. Police Ethics- It is the practical science that treats the principle of human morality
and duty as applied to law enforcement.
2. Moonlighting- An act of a member of the PNP pursuing or following any calling or
occupation, or the act of engaging in any business, which includes but not limited to
all activities, jobs, work, and similar functions, performed, engaged in or undertaking
by him, in or off duty hours with or without compensation, which is inconsistent or
incompatible with the PNP duties or functions. Such as a bouncer, security guard,
driver, bodyguard, confidential agent, watchman and any other occupations of
similar nature, in any enterprise or establishment, public or private, which will
prejudice the interest of law enforcement and public safety.
3. Ethical standard – it refers to the set of conducts and behavior governing a
group, a class or organization.
4. Police customs and social decorum – a set of norms and standards practiced by
members during social and other functions.
5. Nonfeasance/Neglect of Duty- It is the omission of some act, which ought to be
performed. It is the omission or refusal without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or
duty, which as a peace officer’s legal obligation to perform.
6. Misfeasance/Irregularities in the Performance of Duty- It is the improper
performance of some act which might lawfully be done.
7. Malfeasance- It is the performance of some act which ought not to be done. It is
the doing either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that which the officer had no
legal right to do at all, as when he acts without any authority whatsoever, or exceeds,
ignores, or abuses his powers.
8. Incompetency- It is the manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of police duties. This has reference to any physical and
intellectual quality, the lack of which substantially incapacitates one to perform the
duties of peace officers.
9. Oppression- Imports an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, or excessive
use of authority
10. Dishonesty- It is the concealment or distortion of truth in a manner of a fact
relevant to one’s office or connected with the performance of his duties.
11. Disloyalty to the Government- Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s
loyalty to the Government of the Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the
government.
12. Public official- Includes elective and appointive officials and employees,
permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including
military and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation or not,
regardless of amount.
13. Public Officer or Employee- It means any person holding any public office or
employment by virtue of an appointment, election or contract, and any person holding
any office or employment, by appointment or contract in any state-owned or controlled
corporation.
14. Gift- It refers to the thing or right disposed gratuitously, or any act of liberality in
favor of another who accepts it, and shall include a simulated sale or ostensibly
onerous disposition thereof. It shall not include an unsolicited gift of nominal or
insignificant value not given in anticipation of, or in exchange for a favor.
NOTE:
a. read your notes for the entire explanation of this Code of Ethics
b. MEMORIZE the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics and be ready anytime
to recite this in a virtual platform.
TENETS OF DISCIPLINE
All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which
include the following:
a. One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of
the policeman’s place or work. If a police station is unkept, people cannot expect the
kind of positive responds to their needs.
b. All police actions must be characterized by courtesy and discipline.
c. All objectives of the PNP must always be for the Public interest and not private
interest. The people must feel that they are welcome to approach any member of the
PNP for assistance.
d. All citizens must be treated with dignity and respect.
e. All police actions must be in accordance with the law. Respect for human rights
and other laws of the land must be primordial concern in the exercise of Police duties/
f. Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not give
in exchange for any favor, reward or condition.
g. Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling
must not be tolerated.
h. There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police Commanders, as model
of public service, must show proper behavior not only to their subordinates but also to
the people.
I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a great provider, and the creator of all men
and all dear to me. In return, I can do no less than love Him above all, seek his
guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.
I believe that respect for authority is duty. I respect and uphold the constitution and the
laws of the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and
authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
I believe in selfless love and service to people. Toward this end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.
I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women. I shall set the example of
decency and morality and shall have high regard for family life and chastity.
I believe in the responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit
myself from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect the environment and
conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall protect private and public
properties and prevent others from destroying it.
I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and shall speak the truth at
all times as required by my profession.
1. PNP Image – The image of any organization affects the esprit d’ corps, morale
and welfare of the members, and sense of pride to the organization. In view thereof, all
members of the PNP should conduct themselves in manner that would not place the
PNP core values in vain and possess the following virtue:
a. Honor e. Honesty
b. Integrity f. Humility
c. Valor g. Charity
d. Justice h. Loyalty to the service
5. Orderliness
All PNP members shall follow logical procedure in accomplishing task
assigned to them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and efforts.
6. Perseverance
Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate means to
achieve the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite of
anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.
Definition of Terms
Customs - Social practices carried by tradition that has obtained the force of law.
Traditions - Bodies of belief, stories, customs and usage handed down from generation
to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
Courtesy - A manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
Ceremony - A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as
proper to special occasion.
Social Decorum - A set of norms and standards practiced by members during socials
and other functions.
Police Customs on Ceremonies - The following are customs and ceremonies that
must be observed by all PNP members.
1. Flag Raising Ceremony
2. Flag Retreat Ceremony
3. Half-Mast
4. Funeral Service and Honors
5. Ceremony Tendered to Retiree
6. Honor Ceremony
7. Turn-Over Ceremony
8. Wedding Ceremony
9. Anniversary
Police Customs on Social Decorum - The following are the police customs on social
decorum:
1. Proper Attire
2. Table Manners
3. Social Graces
4. Uniform/ Appearance - observe the following:
a. Wearing of prescribed uniform.
b. Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in
4. A branch of Philosophy dealing with what are good and bad with
moral duty and obligation.
A. Logic
B. Epistemology
C. Aesthetics
D. Ethics
Answer:
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. D.
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. D
9. B
10. A