Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2 Kinetika Reaksi 2020
2 Kinetika Reaksi 2020
Conversion:
a measure of a reaction's progress toward
completion
Consider the general equation
aA + bB cC + dD
Batch Flow
1
What is the maximum value of conversion?
For irreversible reactions, the maximum value of
conversion, X, is that for complete conversion,
i.e. X=1.0.
For reversible reactions, the maximum value of
conversion, X, is the equilibrium conversion, i.e.
X=Xe.
2
CSTR Design Equations
General Mole Balance Equation for CSTR:
Fj 0 Fj
V
rj
For reactant A:
F FA
V A0
rA
FA0 FA → F X F F
X A0 A0 A
FA 0
Thus:
F X
V A0
rA exit
Because the reactor is perfectly mixed, the exit
composition from the reactor is identical to the
composition inside the reactor, and the rate of
reaction is evaluated at the exit conditions.
3
d FA0 1 X
rA
dV
dX
FA0 rA
dV
Summary:
4
PFR can be represented as the shaded areas in
the Levenspiel Plots shown below:
Reactors in Series
Only valid
if there are
no side
streams
Consider a PFR between two CSTRs
5
FAi FA 0 1 X i
F X
V1 A 0 1
rA 1
dX
V2 FA 0 XX 2
1 r
A
FA 2 FA3 FA 0 1 X 2 FA 0 1 X 3
V3
rA 3 rA 3
FA 0 X 3 X 2
rA 3
6
Problem 2.3.
The isothermal gas-phase decomposition
reaction A → B + C occurs at temperature of
422.2 K and total presssure of 10 atm (1013
kPa) in a CSTR. The initial charge is an
equimolar mixture of A and inerts. The
volumetric feed, v0 = 6,0 L/s. The experimental
data:
7
Problem 2.4.
Repeat Problem 2.3 if the reaction is carried out
in an isothermal PFR.
Answer:
V = 225 L
Problem 2.5.
Repeat Problem 2.3 if the reaction is carried out
in two CSTRs in series. Here, 40% conversion is
achieved in the first reactor.
Answer:
V1 = 86,7 L
V2 = 277,4 L
8
The more CSTRs connected in series, the total
volume of CSTRs will be getting closer the
volume of one PFR to achieve the same
conversion.
Problem 2.6.
9
Repeat Problem 2.3 if the reaction is carried out
in an isothermal PFR and an isothermal CSTR
connected in series. Here, 50% conversion is
achieved in the first reactor.
Answer:
a. Scheme 1: PFR followed by CSTR
V1 = 97 L
V2 = 208 L
V1 V2 305 L
b. Scheme 2: CSTR followed by PFR
V1 = 131,4 L
V2 = 128,5 L
V1 V2 259.9 L
Some definition
1. Relative rate of reaction
Reaction: aA bB cC dD
rA rB rC rD
a b c d
2. Space Time = holding time = mean
residence time, τ
Definition:
For PFR:
10
If v = v0 (for example, in a liquid phase
reaction):
FA0 FA C A0 v 0 C A v C A0 C A
X
FA 0 C A0 v 0 C A0
dC A
dX
C A0
dC A
τ CC A
A0 r
A
3. Space Velocity, SV
v0 1
Definition: SV
V τ
11