AmericanCinematographer June2022
AmericanCinematographer June2022
On Our Cover:
A still photo entitled “Woman in Lalibela I,”
captured in 2017 by Antonio Calvache, ASC, AEC.
Contents Features
18 The Man Behind the Glass
ASC associate Dan Sasaki — the inaugural Curtis Clark ASC
Technical Achievement Award honoree — discusses his life
and work.
36 Taking Flight
Claudio Miranda, ASC and director Joseph Kosinski describe
18
their high-flying methods for Top Gun: Maverick.
50 People
ASC members share striking photos of the human form.
72 Places
Society members present unique perspectives with still images
of locations.
Departments
8 Letter From the President
10 Global Village: Navalny
84 Clubhouse News
86 New Products and Services
88 Wrap Shot: Karl-Walter Lindenlaub, ASC, BVK
VISIT ASCMAG.COM
36
2 / JUNE 2022
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resolutions. You can shoot 12K at 60 fps or use in-sensor scaling to allow 8K
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EDITORIAL
MANAGING EDITOR Andrew Fish
ASSOCIATE EDITOR Samantha Dillard
SHOT CRAFT and TECHNICAL EDITOR Jay Holben
CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Rachael K. Bosley
VIRTUAL PRODUCTION EDITOR Noah Kadner
WRITER/RESEARCHER Tara Jenkins
ASSOCIATE WEB EDITOR Brian Kronner
CONTRIBUTORS
Benjamin B, John Calhoun, Mark Dillon, Michael Goldman, Jim Hemphill,
David Heuring, Debra Kaufman, Michael Kogge, Iain Marcks, Matt Mulcahey,
Jean Oppenheimer, Phil Rhodes, Patricia Thomson, Peter Tonguette
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American Cinematographer (ISSN 0002-7928), established 1920 and in its 103rd year of publication,
is published monthly in Hollywood by ASC Holding Corp., 1782 N. Orange Dr., Hollywood, CA 90028, U.S.A.,
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4 / JUNE 2022
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OFFICERS 2021/2022
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Vice President
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Sergeant-at-Arms
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“EXQUISITELY CINEMATIC.
A visceral experience, but in a way that
we’re not used to when it comes to television.”
THE DAILY BEAST
FYC.NETFLIX.COM
JUNE 2022 / 7
Filming a scene for the HBO anthology series Vietnam War Story.
MANY CINEMATOGRAPHERS HAVE MADE FILMS AND TV SERIES in the model unit. Rockets on warplanes are very expensive items, so we
ABOUT WAR and the events surrounding war. We venture the thought photographed model rockets fired past our Arriflex 35 III film cameras.
that nothing any of us has put on the screen compares to the nightmare To give the image the shake experienced by a pilot’s vision at Mach 1,
in Ukraine that we have seen unfolding on TV and in our newspapers. we strapped electric drills to the pan handle, running full tilt during the
We worked on the anthology TV series Vietnam War Story for HBO. Al- brief shots of the rockets zipping through frame. “Makita-cam” was our
though it was written by a veteran of the war in Vietnam, the confusion, nickname for this technique; it was hard on operators’ eyes with optical
chaos and terror pictured in that realism-oriented show was nothing viewfinders — all fun and games until the shooting really starts.
compared to the madness Russia has visited upon its neighbor. Clearly, There’s been no fun and games in Ukraine — just death and destruc-
Russia — or some Russians — have another geopolitical imperial era in tion visited upon innocent people. At the ASC we are holding our breath
mind as they attempt to justify what is happening. that in addition to the suffering we have seen in Ukraine, the unintend-
As many soldiers have said, all plans go out the window when the ed consequences of this invasion — inflation, immigration, a potentially
shooting starts. The Russians should have known from their experience wider war, and chaos — will not set the tone for the coming decade. War
in Afghanistan: When an invader is not welcome, no amount of firepower can make good movies — but in real life, war is hell.
will change that. In this issue, we publish an article about the docu-
mentary Navalny, which focuses on the well-known opposition political
candidate Alexei Navalny — who has tried, among other things, to make
the case to Russian people that their army is not welcome in its current
violent campaign.
This month, the ASC is holding a semi-annual gathering of cinema- Stephen Lighthill
tography societies from around the world. We did not invite the Russian President, ASC
Guild of Cinematographers (RGC), but we are inviting individuals from
the society to attend. The members of the RGC did publish a brave
letter of opposition to the war, but the ASC will not welcome an organi-
zation with potential state sponsorship that could give the appearance
that the ASC turns a blind eye toward state-sponsored terrorism.
Some time ago, we worked on the sort-of-war film Top Gun (in 1986!)
8 / JUNE 2022
O U T S TA N D I N G D R A M A S E R I E S
OUTSTANDING CINEMATOGRAPHY
FOR A SINGLE-CAMERA SERIES (ONE HOUR)
S H AW N K I M
T H E F I N A L S E A S O N
FYC.NETFLIX.COM
JANUARY 2022 / 9
Capturing Navalny and subject Alexei Navalny between takes while shooting
the film’s central interview (frame capture, bottom).
10 /JUNE 2022
12 /JUNE 2022
JUNE 2022 / 13
more than 5 million times. to look directly into the optic yet
While the recording of the see the interviewer’s face, as
telephone conversation was the captured by a secondary camera.
dramatic scoop of the project, (See Shot Craft in AC Nov. ’21.)
the most memorable scenes “The method creates an en-
come from the sit-down interview gaging sensibility,” Waltl says. “We
with Navalny. The filmmakers knew it would probably be the
asked one of his staffers, Maria last interview Navalny would give
Pevchikh, where he was most for at least a decade.
happy, and she said that after “We decided to shoot down
work Navalny liked to go out the barrel just a day before the
to a bar for a drink. So, Waltl interview, so we quickly built this
meticulously set up and shot the system DIY-style. And although
key interview in a deserted bar, it’s an effective technique,
positioning Navalny on a stool and technically it’s nothing too fancy
setting up the primary camera to — just a teleprompter with an
cover him from the service side of iPad rigged to the A-camera with
the counter. “With the interview, Magic Arms. Daniel is sitting in
we had a very specific look we the room next door, in the kitchen
were after — darker, noirish and of the bar, and he and Alexei are
suspenseful, but with the feeling on a Skype call via that iPad.”
of a certain intimacy,” the cine- Waltl relied on a mix of Red
matographer says. “I wanted him Digital Cinema cameras for the
sitting down so we could see his production, equipped with Sigma
hands. We also decided to have Cine Primes. “Most of the shoot,
him looking straight down the especially the vérité parts, was
lens barrel, so he looked like a done on a Gemini since I own one
president, but, at the same time, and brought it to the project,” he
like a guy in the bar, with the explains. “For the interviews, we
viewer as the bartender to whom decided to have more cameras
he is talking.” and angles, typically three total.
Roher admits that this strategy For the key scene — Alexei’s
made him apprehensive. “Looking interview — we even had four
straight into the camera? I lost a cameras. Having started the proj-
shooting handheld.” The lighting details to the supposed “investi- lot of sleep over that. You can’t ect with Red, we wanted to stay
in the room was bad, so they gator,” Navalny and his team were do that, ever!” he says, alluding in that look and environment. The
employed a simple lighting setup high-fiving each other, scarcely to the time-tested conventions main camera for the interviews
using a small source attached believing their luck. of narrative production. “But was usually a Red Monstro [for
to a boom arm and fitted with In the wake of the phone call, it turned out to be extremely shoots with Navalny, wife Yulia
a Chimera, so the resulting soft Navalny publicly accused Putin of effective.” Navalnaya, and Grozey] or a He-
directional light would gently sending agents to poison him. As The shooting technique lium [for Pevchikh and Progress
PHOTO AT TOP BY NIKI WALTL.
model their subject. “I don’t speak the filmmakers knew he would, adopted by the filmmakers Party leader Leonid Volkov], and
a word of Russian, but I could Putin gave a press conference in was pioneered by Academy then we had extra Gemini units as
tell from the expressions on their Moscow denying this and blaming Award-winning documentarian third and fourth cams.”
faces that I was shooting one of everything on the CIA. Then came Errol Morris, who famously uses a To light the bar, Waltl says,
the most important sequences of the hammer: Navalny posted the device known as the “Interrotron,” “it was interesting for us to take
my life, and I was hoping the bat- video of his phone conversation which employs a teleprompt- away light, making it suspenseful
tery wouldn’t die!” As the agent duping the agent on YouTube. er-like screen in front of the and darkish by using negative
blurted out all of the incriminating Within hours, it had been viewed taking lens to allow his subject space. We had an Arri SkyPanel
14 /JUNE 2022
INSIDE STORY
OF MODERN
CINEMATOGRAPHY.
with an Octadome on camera left, practicals has a sense of gallows humor. At one point,
hung from the bar ceiling and standing in the referring to Roher’s film crew, he said to an
background to add depth. The fill was just a aide, “I realize he is filming it all for the movie
From new camera systems and
bounce — a 1x1-meter muslin bouncing the he’s going to release if I get whacked!”
lighting options to the creative
Arri light.” Waltl says he was a bit intimidated the
use of virtual production methods,
For the barroom interview, “We had a set of first time he met Navalny, but that “he is very
American Cinematographer
questions for the daytime setup, and for the disarming, and also used to having cameras
examines the latest tools and
nighttime setup we had different questions around. He is very easygoing, makes you feel
techniques, while maintaining
— about the investigation and the poisoning, welcome, and very quickly forgot about the
sharp focus on essential creative
the darker side. For those sequences we put camera.”
collaborations and the artistry of
some haze into the room — we found a hazer Based in Tirol, Austria, Waltl, studied
visual storytelling.
used for events. At nighttime, we had HMIs cinematography in Barcelona and has worked
outside the bar, shining in through the blinds as a cinematographer for 10 years. “I always
• Print Edition
as the art director, Rafael Loß, and gaffer, had a video camera; I always wanted to be a
– Learn from the best
Paul Näther, waved flags to circulate the haze tool to tell a great story. I like to build scenes,
and build your permanent reference
through the room.” give the editor something to work with, block
collection
The interview was shot from Jan. 11-13, a scene. I like to keep the film cinematic, for
2021, and on Jan. 17 Navalny flew back to example, by shooting with open apertures.”
• Digital Edition
Moscow. He was arrested at the airport on He concedes that he and Roher “fought a lot”
– Access AC magazine content
arrival, taken to court, and sentenced to 2½ on Navalny, but “in a good way.” The two “had
anywhere you are while on the go
years in jail. He subsequently received an lots of heated discussions,” notably over how
additional nine-year sentence on another to shoot the main interview.
• AC Archive
charge. At the end of the onscreen interview with
– Dive deep into more than
“The man has a superhuman fearless- Navalny, Roher asks the dissident — who
100 years of information and
ness,” says Roher, who compares Navalny spoke to them in English for most of the
inspiration
to Alex Honnold, the mountain climber who film — to send a message in Russian to the
scaled the granite face of El Capitan with no Russian people. “Don’t give up,” Navalny
safety lines in the documentary Free Solo. says, gazing straight into the camera. “If they
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
“Whatever that self-preservation gene is that decide to kill me, it means we are incredibly
others have, he doesn’t have it — he is made strong. We need to utilize this power. We don’t
store.ascmag.com/collections/
of steel.” In addition to his courage, Navalny realize how incredibly strong we actually are.”
subscriptions
16 /JUNE 2022
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FYC.NETFLIX.COM
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T
his year, the Society introduced the Curtis Clark ASC
Technical Achievement Award, which will be present-
ed annually to an individual who has made significant
technological contributions to the art and science of
cinematography. The new honor pays tribute to es-
teemed ASC member Clark, longtime chair of the Soci-
ety’s Motion Imaging Technology Council (MITC). The
accolade’s first honoree, who establishes the legacy of this award and
sets a high bar for future recipients, was ASC associate Dan Sasaki, se-
nior vice president of optical engineering and lens strategy at Panavi-
sion. Sasaki accepted the honor at the ASC Awards ceremony on March
20, 2022.
Within the cinematographic community, Sasaki has become a house-
hold name as the lens expert behind Panavision’s past three decades of
optical excellence. He is a go-to resource for cinematographers looking
to add a personal signature to their images through the customization
of their lenses, and he has helped to pioneer a groundbreaking system of
lens alterations that give cinematographers vast control over the precise
image they seek. Sasaki’s revolutionary work has included the creation
of the AWZ2 anamorphic zoom lens and the T Series anamorphic lens
system, as well as the redevelopment of the Ultra Panatar lenses.
Family Legacy
Sasaki was originally brought into Panavision by his father, Ralph Sasaki
— who passed away in November 2021, and who had served as Panav-
ision’s vice president of operations. When reflecting on his prestigious
Opposite: ASC associate Dan Sasaki examines a lens projection.
honor, the younger Sasaki was eager to discuss his father’s legacy and
This page: Sasaki in his element.
how it has influenced and inspired his own career.
“My dad started out as a machinist at Panavision in 1967, when I was
a year old, and worked his way up,” Sasaki says. “Panavision was a dis- Lens Craft
cussion at our dinner table every night. My father would bring home The elder Sasaki never played favorites with his son. “Dad was always
Arri IIC cameras and refurbish them; I was put to work cleaning gates very strict with me,” Sasaki says. “He came from a strong Japanese up-
and painting them. When I was 19, he brought me to work at Panavision bringing, and I was actually scared to death of him at work — I called
when the company was just starting the E Series anamorphics, coming him ‘Sir.’ But Dad pushed me and gave me more responsibility, and when
off the Z Series primes. They needed help, but the way my mom tells it, he called me into his office one day and said, ‘You’re doing a good job,’ I
he took me to work to keep me out of trouble. Dad sat me down in the was blown away. He said, ‘I want to test how you work with customers.’
lens department, and it became my job to repaint the markings on lenses “The first production he assigned me to manage was Dances With
that had worn off. I painted the screws black and cleaned the lenses. Wolves [AC May ’91], working with camera assistant Lee Blasingame
“I caught the eye of [ASC associate] Tak [Miyagishima, Panavision’s under cinematographer Dean Semler [ASC, ACS]. The work started with
then-senior vice president of engineering], who saw that I was really all of our C Series lenses in the projection room, and Dad said, ‘Pick the
enjoying what I was doing. He taught me how to check the lenses at best ones.’ Afterwards, George came to me and said, ‘You did really well,’
6'. At the time, quite coincidentally, I was studying applied physics [at and he gave me an anamorphic lens to disassemble and reassemble. To
California State University, Long Beach], and when I started talking to be given that responsibility was a big deal. From there, my relationship
George Kraemer [Panavision’s then-vice president of optics], I apparent- with my dad changed a bit. He let me go more, giving me more freedom,
ly said the right things — really just regurgitating things my professor and I found that I really loved the work.”
had told the class — and slowly, Tak and George introduced me to more Sasaki formed a tighter bond with Miyagishima, Kraemer, and opti-
and more, including anamorphic lenses.” cal designer and ASC associate Iain Neil (now with Cooke Optics), and
JUNE 2022 / 19
Sasaki talks shop with Society members Natasha Braier and M. David
Mullen at the 2020 “Framing the Future” event, presented by the ASC
Vision Committee and Panavision.
would listen to discussions about the designs of the Primo primes and
other lenses that were being developed. “I knew about geometric optics
and ray tracing, but I didn’t understand a Cooke triplet or an achromat
doublet or the rules of glass types and corrections. That sparked a whole
new interest, so I went back to school and learned more about optics. I’m
also perpetually curious, and I started reading every book I could get my
hands on, experimenting more with lenses and asking a lot of questions.
“When Dante Spinotti [ASC, AIC] came in and asked for a high-speed
75mm or 80mm anamorphic, I thought to myself, ‘Instead of a doublet,
we could use a triplet for the first cylinder’ — and my dad let me run
20 / JUNE 2022
FYC.NETFLIX.COM
JUNE 2022 / 21
Signature Looks
A recent reinvigoration of the trend toward custom optics has led Pa-
navision to formulate a system that allows the company to offer cinema-
tographers an array of image-customization options that can be applied
to nearly any lens in the company’s arsenal. “It came out of necessity,
really,” Sasaki says. “In the days before digital cinematography was the
primary means of making a film, we were working to develop sharper,
more contrasty lenses that would help combat the MTF [Modular Trans-
fer Function, a measurement of a lens’ optical performance potential]
that we lost with each succession of developing and printing film. Now,
with digital sensors, the trend is the opposite: to go with softer lens-
es that have a more aberrant character. Customizing lenses isn’t a new
concept — it has always existed at Panavision. George Kraemer, my dad,
and other optics engineers were always tweaking lenses for custom-
ers; they were expanding and modifying lenses throughout my entire
career. We’ve just refined the process to make it more adaptable and
controllable.”
An Indelible Influence
22 / JUNE 2022
Congrats Dan!
Your innovation,
brilliance and spirit
inspire us all.
JUNE 2022 / 23
24 / JUNE 2022
A
t this year’s Academy Awards ceremony, Greig Fra- As he began this work at the studio, once he’d resumed his studies,
ser, ASC, ACS took home the Oscar for best cinema- Fraser “met a lot of photographers, but I also met filmmakers and that
tography for Dune (AC Dec. ’21), and joined the small, was fascinating,” he recalls. “Photography is a very solo profession. While
elite group of cinematographers to be awarded the you might occasionally have an assistant or a subject you’re shooting,
“trifecta” of an Oscar, BAFTA and ASC Award for the it’s mostly the photographer out on assignment alone. Filmmaking was
same work in the same year. He was also nominat- very much a team effort, and I liked that. I started borrowing equipment
ed for each of the three awards for Lion — for which to shoot 16mm and 35mm stuff on my own, and offered my services to
he won the ASC Award — and earned an additional ASC nomination for young directors to shoot their work. I started spending as much time
his work on the television series The Mandalorian (AC Feb. ’20). with the filmmakers as I could — and I met [director] Garth Davis, whom
Fraser was born in Melbourne, Australia, and developed an early I became good friends with.”
interest in photography. “I studied photography and media in high This relationship with Davis led Fraser to photograph one of his first
school, and I guess I was okay at both of them,” he recalls. “I didn’t really documentary films, P.I.N.S., about three Melbourne parking inspectors.
know anything about the film business or the people who worked in Meanwhile, Fraser was also keeping a keen eye on young directors, and
it. I thought that I wanted to work as a still photographer, and I started sent a letter to Nash Edgerton, admiring his work in music videos. “He
working at a photography/film studio as a cleaner during my second had done this Eskimo Joe video, ‘Liar,’ which was one of the finest uses
year in university. of a limited-budget, single-shot video I’ve ever seen,” Fraser says. “It was
He adds that this was after his first year at the Royal Melbourne In- really beautiful in how the story unfolds. I wrote to him to offer my admi-
stitute of Technology (RMIT), which was a bit of a false start. “I failed ration. On my next trip to Sydney, we met and began working together.”
the first year,” he says. “I went to university straight out of high school, In the narrative realm, that work with Edgerton resulted in Fraser
and never took it seriously. I missed too many classes, failed, and took shooting the shorts Fuel, Lucky and Spider — released in 2003, ’05 and
a year off.” ’07, respectively — along with two Bob Dylan music videos, “Must Be
JUNE 2022 / 25
TOP PHOTO COURTESY OF LUCASFILM, LTD. MIDDLE PHOTO BY MATT KENNEDY, COURTESY OF ANNAPURNA PICTURES. BOTTOM PHOTO COURTESY OF COLUMBIA PICTURES.
roll in?’ You play the chess game in your mind over and over, and know
all your moves. I remember it being quite intense and fun. I was also
self-teaching, just constantly learning.”
Fraser had the opportunity to connect with Academy Award-nomi-
nated director Jane Campion on the 2006 short film The Water Diary,
which was later compiled into the feature anthology 8. Campion then
turned to Fraser to shoot Bright Star (AC Oct. ’09), which would be his
fourth narrative feature.
The next year, Fraser collaborated with director Matt Reeves to shoot
the vampire film Let Me In (the U.S. adaptation of the book Let the Right
One In). He followed this with Andrew Dominik’s Killing Them Softly (AC
Oct. ’12), and then his first big-budget film — the action fantasy Snow
White and the Huntsman (AC June ’12), directed by Rupert Sanders —
which started him on a string of weightier fare with Zero Dark Thirty (AC
Feb. ’13) alongside director Kathryn Bigelow, followed by Bennett Mill-
er’s Foxcatcher (AC Dec. ’14) and Rupert Wyatt’s The Gambler. He earned
his first Academy Award nomination for Davis’ Lion, then stepped into
the Star Wars universe with the first spinoff title of the franchise, Rogue
One: A Star Wars Story (AC Feb. ’17), directed by Gareth Edwards. From
there, he returned to smaller independent work with Davis’ Mary Mag-
dalene, and then launched into the Dick Cheney biopic Vice (AC Jan. ’19)
with director Adam McKay.
26 / JUNE 2022
“A GEM OF A SEASON.
STILL BEAUTIFUL, STILL FUN AND STILL EXCELLENT.”
NEWSDAY
compositions and movement of the camera — it all has to be grounded come out of a movie not believing the light, then it’s doing a disservice
in a truth. The cinematographer bears responsibility for the audience’s to the story.
subconscious reaction to the imagery. We’re responsible for helping “In a recent talk I did at Camerimage, a student asked me, ‘How would
them feel and experience the story, and I feel it’s a critical part of the job you define your style?’ And I struggled with that, because I don’t think
to be as honest in that as possible. I have one. So, I asked the student, ‘Do I have a style?’ They said ‘Well,
“At the same time, almost everything in the filmmaking process is everything you do feels authentic.’ And I said, ‘I’ll take that! I’ll own that.
‘false,’” Fraser continues. “A man in a Batsuit is false and a Jedi wielding I don’t mind that being the definition of my style, at all.’ It is, truly, what
a lightsaber is false, but you’ve got to find every element of truth in the I strive for. I don’t want to be locked into any particular look or pho-
scenes — just like the director does. It matters that the audience believes tographic style. I want to find the truth in the story and do my best to
that this film could be a reality. Lighting is a huge part of that. If you represent that — whatever form that takes.”
CM
MY
CY
CMY
Shooting The Batman and soul. The approach is that you’ve got to see into his eyes. When Rob
Fraser’s latest grand-scale feature, The Batman, is a dynamic visual feast is wearing the Batsuit, I worked to make sure that I pushed light into his
of a superhero adventure — the darkest, most noir-like adaptation of eyes, while keeping it mostly off the cowl. There was a perfect sweet spot
the Caped Crusader yet. He and director Matt Reeves envisioned captur- for the key light that would reflect off the eyes, but not hit the cowl or
ing the true darkness of the masked-vigilante persona of Bruce Wayne jaw too much. To hit that, I often had to ask Rob to be his own stand-in,
(Robert Pattinson) within a gritty detective story. because the lighting had to be that precise. I could get 80 percent of the
way there with a stand-in, but then it had to be him and his face to really
Lighting the Dark dial it in.”
Fraser and Reeves set out to create a film that was nearly always dark. The scale of the lighting only grew from there. For a climactic night-
One resulting challenge for the cinematographer was lighting the black time sequence that takes place outside of Gotham Square Garden Arena
Batsuit in these very low-light environments. “From an exposure stand- as residents rush for shelter following a city-wide flood — caused by the
point, everything borders on the edge,” Fraser says. “You can’t see too supervillain Riddler (Paul Dano) — Fraser and gaffer Jamie Mills were
much of this guy — he loses his frightening appeal if he’s too exposed. tasked with creating a massive soft box over the outside of the arena.
It’s a massive responsibility to expose him enough that we see the char- The rigging comprised 687 single Digital Sputnik cubes (mostly from
acter underneath, but not so much that it feels false or cartoonish. You DS6 lamps broken down into individual modules), which were spaced
must see the actor in the suit, otherwise the character doesn’t have heart into a 200'x170' box. The rig featured Magic Cloth on the box and 251
28 / JUNE 2022
JUNE 2022 / 29
Quarter White diffusion on the lamps, and took crews seven weeks to color of the set’s walls, and large sections were cut out in the shape of
construct. cathedral windows.
“Something we learned on Dune was to create fabric set extensions
A Daylight Moment — as opposed to greenscreen, or [a screen that was] black or white —
One of the very few exceptions to the film’s dark motif was the daytime and bounce-material that was colored the same as the set,” Fraser says.
memorial for Gotham’s Mayor Mitchell (Rupert Penry-Jones), set in City “That way, the light reflecting off of it would have the right color for the
Hall, which presented a sizable lighting challenge for Fraser. The set environment.”
was constructed at the massive 158'x617' stage at Cardington Studios,
located north of London, and featured floor-to-ceiling cathedral-style “You’ve got to see into his eyes.”
windows at either end of a gothic-style hall. But the windows were not
part of the physical set; they would be added in postproduction. To cre- The gobos were crafted from “a stone-colored fabric, with a solid
ate light from the two nonexistent walls of windows, Fraser, gaffer Mills black backing to stop light from penetrating it from behind,” Mills says.
and the construction department crafted two enormous soft bounces at For light that would shine from the “exterior” through each gobo,
either end of the set, each of which passed through one of two equally the cinematographer brought in two extensive rigs — each comprising
huge fabric gobos, which shaped the light of the set’s would-be win- 30 24K Dino lights and 15 Quarter Wendy lights (16 1K PAR bulbs each)
dows. The gobos’ fabric on the camera side — the “interior” — was the that were mounted onto the scaffolding supporting the gobo, and were
30 / JUNE 2022
bounced toward the back side of the fabric. Six 20Ks were also brought where money is spent. So, therefore, Simon knows that when I do ask
in, which were directly aimed at the back side of the gobo. for something larger, it’s because it’s absolutely necessary. We’ve built
These fixtures, which were colored with Quarter CTB — in addition to up that trust.”
“251 [Quarter White] diffusion on all the Dinos, to add to the overall soft-
ness,” Mills says — were bounced into a 120'x130' white molten cloth. Dynamic Glass
They employed another six 20K Fresnels (also colored with Quarter CTB) Fraser is well known for his eclectic taste in lenses, particularly glass
for direct hard light passing through the gobo cutouts. A huge amount of that has more character to it. In this case, before production started, Arri
power — 3,600 kilowatts, in this case — is an anomaly for Fraser, who Rental contacted him about a new series of lenses they were working
generally strives to be as economical and environmentally friendly as on for the Alexa LF format, and Fraser visited the facility to share his
possible with his lighting. thoughts. While the Arri/Zeiss Master Anamorphics are some of the
“I’m an LED guy,” the cinematographer says. “But in this case, there more intricately designed anamorphics on the market, they are often
was nothing available to us that would have enough punch to get the noted for being extremely clean, without the typical character that is as-
look we were going for. I don’t find it ego-worthy to boast about how sociated with anamorphic lenses. Arri Rental was looking to tune the
many watts of electricity we used — in fact, it’s quite embarrassing for Master Anamorphics to cater to filmmakers like Fraser, who prefer a
me. I’d much rather talk about how much electricity we saved by using more aberrant image.
LEDs, and hopefully the hundreds of thousands of kilowatts I’ve saved “They showed me the Series 1 of these new lenses, [but] they were too
in the past six years of my career helps balance out this one setup where close to the Master Anamorphics in their look,” Fraser recalls. “I offered
we used more substantial power. It was also a rather complicated setup. my thoughts, and they came back to me with Series 2, but they were very
We were lucky to have the incredible support and partnership of pro- hesitant to show me, [since they were not yet ready for production]. But I
ducer Simon Emanuel to achieve this set piece, but at the same time, looked at them and loved what I saw. Technically, they fell off very softly
I’m a frugal cinematographer. I’m very aware that I have to be careful at the edges, but they were really quite beautiful and exactly what Matt
32 / JUNE 2022
and I had been talking about. I said, ‘These are perfect!’ and they’re what
we shot with — the Series 2 of the Arri [Rental] Alfa lenses. Series 3 is
now their production line, and they’re also extremely beautiful, but not
as bold as the Series 2.”
The significantly tuned Series 2 Arri Alfa anamorphic lenses exhib-
it a great deal of astigmatism, uneven field of focus, and some coma
at the sides of the image, “but the center was great and sharp,” Fraser
says. “That was great for us. Although we were shooting 2.39, we weren’t
planning on framing this like a Sergio Leone Western with characters at
the extreme edges of the frame; we were planning on being a lot more
controlled and framing mostly in the center or just off-center. For an
action film, this really helps keep the audience’s eye on the story so they
won’t get lost as quick action happens throughout the scenes. As a cin-
ematographer, it’s my job to help direct the audience’s eye to the most
important part of the frame. We decided, especially for sequences with A vast soft box was deployed for a Gotham Square Garden night exterior.
fast editing, that we wanted to keep the action central, and having these
lenses that fell apart at the edges really forced us to follow those early prone to more veiling flare. Wide open at T2.2, they flare a lot and have
framing decisions. Matt and I committed to the fact that we had a de- very low contrast, but stopping down half a stop to a stop could clean it
fined area in the middle of the frame to compose everyone, and the rest up and give me an entirely different look. This is something that I look
would fall off. for in lenses, to give me a lot more control over the contrast on a shot-
“The [Series 2] Alfas also have beautiful adjustable contrast. This is by-shot basis by simply adjusting the aperture a little bit. A T stop can be
something that happens with highly aberrant lenses, especially those as much about contrast as it is about depth of field.”
JUNE 2022 / 33
Top: The camera side of a wall-sized fabric gobo. Bottom: The back side of the gobo.
The light is aimed away from the gobo, then bounced back through the cut-out “windows.”
HAWK ANAMORPHIC
LOS ANGELES
34 / JUNE 2022
Film-Out
As he had done on Dune, Fraser incorporated a film intermediate on The
Batman. “On Dune, we exported the colored digital master to film neg-
ative and then scanned that back to digital. On this film, we went out to Fraser (left) and The Batman director Matt Reeves plan a shot.
negative, then printed a positive and separately scanned both the neg-
ative and positive back to digital. By adding the extra layer of process, it gave us around highlights, rather than for what you typically would
we added another layer of control over the image and the amount of use skip-bleach for: increasing contrast and desaturating the image. In
‘film effect’ we wanted for each moment. When you’re shooting on film fact, when we scanned the interpos back, we then reduced the contrast
and printing on film, you start with negative, go to interpositive, then and added back color as Greig wanted. In a film as dark as this, if we in-
internegative, and then final release print. Each step loses some sharp- creased contrast, we would lose so much detail. For example, if the high-
ness and overall resolution, and you don’t have a choice. When we’re lights get higher and the iris of the eye stops down, you lose even more
shooting digital and going out to film and then back to digital, we’re detail. We elected to keep the blacks open and ‘dirtier’ to better reflect the
building in some of that degradation of the image, but we have control dirty and grungy nature of Gotham City.”
and choice.” “We picked the scan from the [interpositive] as our main ‘hero’
Working with colorist and ASC associate Dave Cole at Fotokem, the image,” Fraser says. “For close-up shots, we’d often use the [interposi-
film was recorded out to Kodak Vision3 2254 1 ASA intermediate stock tive] scan, but when we had wide shots, the [interpositive] would often
as a negative, which was processed with a bleach-bypass technique and lose too much resolution, so we used the scan from the negative instead.
then contact-printed as an interpositive to the same 2254 stock. We picked the best look on a shot-by-shot basis. The film scanning adds
Says Cole, “We utilized the skip-bleach process for the halation that the most beautiful texture into the film, especially from the positive.”
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Actors Tom Cruise (previous spread and this page, top), Greg Tarzan Davis
(middle) and Monica Barbaro (bottom) perform while actually in flight.
Planning Trajectories
Maverick is the fourth of five feature collaborations between Miranda
and Kosinski. The pair, who also partnered on Only the Brave and Spi-
derhead — and who first worked with Cruise on Oblivion (AC May ’13)
— began their professional relationship more than a decade ago with a
different kind of sequel. “With Tron: Legacy [AC Jan. ’11], we paid homage
to the language of the first film [the 1982 sci-fi feature Tron], but didn’t
follow it too closely because it was a different world,” Kosinski says. For
Maverick, however, significant cues were taken from the original. In ad-
dition to presenting a modern take on the adventures of the elite squad-
ron, “we wanted to take the audience back [to the feeling of the original],
too. We wanted it to feel like a Top Gun movie.”
Miranda briefly consulted with Kimball regarding the first film’s
photography, and honored its visual style through the use of graduated
filtration. Along with the addition of digital film grain during the final
grade (performed by Company 3 senior colorist and ASC associate mem-
ber Stefan Sonnenfeld), the technique resulted in deep shadows and a
dusky look, similar to the original film’s imagery “but with our own
flavor,” Miranda remarks. “There’s definitely a warm look to it, more so
38 / JUNE 2022
CONGRATULATIONS
Writer & Director Siân Heder and Cinematographer Paula Huidobro AMC
and the entire cast on your Oscar, BAFTA, and PGA awards for the
incredibly moving film “CODA.”
SONY VENICE
Thank you Paula for choosing the Sony VENICE to support you.
“We were interested in the large format of the Sony VENICE because of its resolution and the pictorial
quality of the image. The movie was truly inspired by Gloucester, by the fishing community and their
landscape. We wanted a camera that would capture the expanse and beauty of the ocean but would
also allow you to feel intimate when you would shoot a closeup. I feel that the Sony VENICE gives
you that. I also love the high ISO.” — Paula Huidobro AMC
sonycine.com
JUNE 2022 / 39
2022_03_SONY_CODACongratulatoryAd_ASC_F.indd
p. 36-49 Top Gun Maverick_v4.indd 39 1 4/12/22 10:09
5/2/22 6:34 PM
PM
TAKING FLIGHT
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The placement
of cockpit cameras
in a Top Gun:
Maverick jet.
Aerial coordinator LaRosa joined the production a few
months before principal photography, along with aerial
cinematographers David B. Nowell, ASC and Michael Fitz-
Maurice. In developing their approach to filming the aeri-
al sequences, LaRosa and his team assembled makeshift
animatics — using iPhones, which recorded stick-model
airplanes.
“We built an aerial menu book of the most exciting and
exhilarating camera angles and maneuvers that we could
think of,” LaRosa says. “Then, we’d go and test them with
real aircraft. We’d learn what worked and what didn’t. With
the goal of developing the world’s most impactful aerial
cinematography to date, the aerial team worked very close-
ly with Joe, Claudio and Tom throughout all the aerial se-
quences, shot throughout Washington state, Nevada and
California.”
In the Cockpit
One of the filmmakers’ key objectives was to capture the ef-
fects of aircraft combat maneuvers on the actors’ faces, and
the best way to do that was to put the actors into the aircraft
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JUNE 2022 / 41
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JUNE 2022 / 43
HorizHalf 2021.indd 1 1/6/21 9:25 PM
Full Format a profile as possible. “The path of the ejection seat had to be completely
in all its Glory clear, so the lenses couldn’t extend past the glare shield,” says Miranda.
“It helped that the Venice cameras have an internal optical ND filter sys-
tem, so no matte boxes were needed.”
The rear-facing Venice cameras were mounted over the glare shield
above the instrument console. The body for the rear-facing Rialto sys-
tem was mounted on top of the aircraft’s light-control box in the rear.
To ensure the rigs’ viability, NAVAIR subjected them to shock, vibration
and wind-tunnel testing at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in Maryland.
The sensor blocks of the forward-facing Rialtos were mounted to the
inside of the canopy, while the camera bodies were mounted behind the
rear seat. Ming points out that Rialto prototypes were used for these for-
ward-facing units. “In case of an emergency, the prototype cables would
“While recently shooting
The Pursuit of Love on the Alexa
easily rip right out of the sensor block. Production Rialtos have much
sturdier connections.”
LF with Signature Primes, I was Before each run, Miranda conferred with the F/A-18 pilots about
able to view the full scope of this how to get the best light for the cockpit cameras, as the aircraft roared
beautiful format in all its glory. through valleys and around mountains. “I wanted the sun to come
Light and easy to handle, the three-quarters from the rear on either side. The main idea is to be back-
lit,” the cinematographer says. “After all that planning, we still had to
Lindsey Optics Large Format
guess the exposure. Then once we set the stop on the cameras, that was
Directors Finder was a great tool
it.”
on set when it came to
discussing framing options Exterior Mounts
with the director.
”
Zac Nicholson, BSC
NAVAIR built custom housings for cameras mounted to the exterior of
the F/A-18. Venice bodies equipped with Heliar wide-angle primes could
be mounted front- and rear-facing to the centerline of the jets’ bellies,
and to the underside of the wing facing toward the fuselage. A rear-fac-
ing Rialto was mounted to the top, behind the cockpit, with the camera
body secured in a compartment beneath the aircraft’s paneling. Up to
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44 / JUNE 2022
Actor Ed Harris in Top Gun: Maverick. Miranda and Kosinski paid homage
to original Top Gun cinematographer Jeffrey L. Kimball, ASC and director
Tony Scott through the use of deep shadows.
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CAMERAS.
FILM.
PROCESSING.
SCANNING.
characteristics — [it] can’t pull 7½ Gs, and it Shotover F1 Rush platforms — one on the nose C
won’t roll. [But] if the cameras are on the air- and one under the tail. Nowell and FitzMaurice
M
craft body or inside the cockpit, you get full could comfortably fly in the jet simultaneous-
818.848.5522 • pro8mm.com performance.” ly, each operating one of two Venice cameras, Y
The production had two interior-rigged jets paired with either a Fujifilm/Fujinon Cabrio CM
and one exterior-rigged jet. “Since the exterior 20-120mm T3.5 or a Cabrio 85-300mm T2.9-4 MY
were never on the same jet as the interior rigs,” LaRosa also flew an Airbus H125 single-en-
Ming says. gine helicopter, whose primary role was to pro- CMY
46 / JUNE 2022
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Peacock © Peacock TV LLC. All other programs and/or marks are the property of their respective owners. All rights reserved.
JUNE 2022 / 49
People
Stills by ASC members reveal
T
individuals’ inner worlds.
he landscapes of the human face and form offer an in-
finite variety of expressions that convey a rich palette of
emotions, and are key visual elements in both cinematog-
raphy and still photography.
Some of the world’s greatest still photographers have
provided insight into the art of capturing individuals.
Henri Cartier-Bresson said, “In a portrait, I’m looking
for the silence in somebody.” Robert Frank noted, “There is one thing the
photograph must contain: the humanity of the moment.” Annie Leibovitz
suggested that the photographer’s role is “to see people as they are, as they
imagine themselves, as they wish to be. To be witness, the friend, the judge,
the accomplice. To record their moment.”
In the following pages, AC presents a gallery of stills taken by ASC mem-
bers that spotlight such indelible people and moments. The opening image
(left) was taken by Shelly Johnson, ASC in 2019, while he was shooting the
feature Bill & Ted Face the Music at Preservation Hall in New Orleans. The
pictured musician, who plays clarinet in the Preservation Hall Jazz Band,
appeared in a scene set in 1922. Johnson recalls, “Many members of the
band had actually played with Louis Armstrong, and they had much advice
for Jeremiah Craft, the young actor playing Louis. One of them even loaned
him Louis’ trademark white handkerchief.”
Indeed, the subject of this photo provides an aura of lived authenticity,
and we’re sure you’ll find the images that follow equally compelling.
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“
Cinematographer John Matysiak on Old Henry
For the authentic looks
Matysiak achieved on Old Henry
he chose Tiffen:
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Black Satin®
Black Pearlescent®
Mikael Salomon,
ASC, DFF
JOY Hong Kong, 1968
58 / JUNE 2022
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60 / JUNE 2022
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Nathaniel Goodman,
ASC
Man of Pamplona,
1990
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Dan Laustsen,
ASC, DFF
The Man From the
Desert, Morocco, 2018
Antonio Calvache,
ASC, AEC
Woman in Lalibela II,
2017
68 / JUNE 2022
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JUNE 2022 / 69
PEOPLE
70 / JUNE 2022
DIGITAL CINEMA
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JUNE 2022 / 71
A
character of locations.
sense of place is a crucial aspect of storytell-
ing. Place establishes a contextual backdrop for
characters and creates authenticity. In many
cases, the setting is so critical to the story that
it becomes a central character in the narrative.
In order to create a strong sense of place
within a film, a cinematographer must collab-
orate with several departments and creative artists. Still photog-
raphy, however, “is work that is totally personal,” says ASC Photo
Gallery Chair Charlie Lieberman.
Pondering his art and craft, landscape photographer Galen Row-
ell said, “When we tune in to an especially human way of viewing
the landscape powerfully, it resonates with an audience.” Diane
Arbus mused, “I tend to think of the act of photographing, gener-
ally speaking, as an adventure. My favorite thing is to go where I’ve
never been.”
The places captured by ASC members in the following stills show
the photographers’ unique artistic perspectives on a location.
As Lieberman has said of the images presented in the ASC
Photo Gallery, which stands equally true for the stills featured here,
“Sometimes it’s something shot during a location scout, or on a film
shoot, or on vacation. But it’s always the ASC member’s personal
idea that this place is something worth capturing.”
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Charlie Lieberman,
ASC
Heceta Head,
Oregon, 2019
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Berkofsky Welcomed Into Society different human experiences and ASC Members Author The cinema-lens history, details 300
Membership points of view through storytelling Cine Lens Manual families of lenses, and is filled with
New ASC member Ava Berkof- steeped in time and place,” they Co-authored by ASC associate 1,500 full-color illustrations that
sky was born in Wales and raised say. “It’s this foundation in visual Jay Holben and Christopher include photographs, diagrams and
between London and California. storytelling and human connection Probst, ASC, The Cine Lens graphics.
Berkofsky, who prefers they/them that served so well when making Manual is a comprehensive ex- Chapters explore a primer on
pronouns, earned a BFA in pho- the transition to narrative cinema- amination of the art and science cinema lenses; an introduction to
tography from the School of Visual tography.” Berkofsky’s narrative of cinema optics. This hardback optical design; advanced optical de-
Arts in New York City, followed by feature work includes Free in Deed, reference is written for individuals sign and early photographic lenses;
an MFA in cinematography from which earned the cinematographer with an interest in motion- optomechanical design; evolution of
the American Film Institute. Early in an Independent Spirit Award nom- picture optics — cinematogra- motion-picture formats; the history
their career, Berkofsky worked on a ination. Their other feature credits phers, directors, visual-effects and genealogy of purpose-built cin-
series of photography projects that include Share, which won multiple artists, camera assistants, ema lenses; lens modification; lens
documented life in women’s prisons awards at the Sundance Film Festi- animators, technical journalists, testing; and lens maintenance. The
in the American South. Based on val, and The Sky Is Everywhere. historians, students, instructors, book is available for purchase in the
this, Berkofsky was offered the Berkofsky has received two rental-house technicians and ASC Store: store.ascmag.com.
first of many documentary film Emmy nominations as well as an more. It covers 140 years of
opportunities. ASC Award nomination for their
While shooting these projects, work on the HBO comedic drama
the cinematographer traveled Insecure. Berkofsky’s television
around the world and “explored work also includes Grand Army,
how to translate and understand Woke, Vida and This Is Me.
84 / JUNE 2022
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