Nervous System
Nervous System
AFFERENT DIVISION
CENTRAL NERVOUS PERIPHERAL - Includes the neural structures involved in
SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM conveying sensory information from
Component organs: Component Organs: sensory receptors in the visceral organs of
Brain Cranial Nerves the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive,
Spinal Cord Spinal Nerves urinary, and reproductive systems.
Body’s central control EFFERENT DIVISION
system - Includes the neural structures involved in
Receiving and Allow the brain and the motor activities that influence the
integrating or spinal cord to
smooth (involuntary) muscle, cardiac
interpreting all stimuli communicate with the
and relaying nerve rest of the body. (heart) muscle, and glands of the skin and
impulses to muscles and viscera.
glands, where the - Is the modulator, adjuster and coordinator
designated actions of “involuntary” visceral activities such as
actually take place. the heart rate and the secretion of glands.
THIS IS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Stimulates activities that are mobilized
during emergency and stress situations,
the so-called fight, fright and flight
responses.
- These include acceleration of the heart
rate and strength of contraction, increase
in the blood sugar concentration and
increase in blood pressure.
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PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- Directs activities with the conservation
and restoration body resources.
- These include a decrease in the heart rate
and strength of contraction, and the rise in
gastrointestinal activities associated with
increase digestion and absorption.
The neuron cell body contains a large round
nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm.
The cytoplasm is riddled with neurofibrils,
cytoskeletal elements of the neurons which have a
support and intracellular transport function, and an
elaborate rough endoplasmic reticulum called Nissl
bodies.
IRRITABILITY
Is the ability of nervous tissue to respond to the
changes of the environment
CONDUCTIVITY
Neuron Processes or Neurites are running
Is the ability of the nervous system to transmit through the CNS form tracts of white matter. In the
or convey nerve impulses from one part of the PNS they form the peripheral nerves.
body to another.
There are two (2) neurites – Axon and
Structurally, nervous tissue is made up of just two Dendrites. These differ structurally and functionally.
principal populations; Neuron and supporting cells also
called as Neuroglia or Glial Cells.
II. NEURONS OR NERVE CELLS
- NEURONS are the structural and functional units
of the nervous tissue. They are specialized to
transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part
of the body to another. Neurons differ structurally,
but they have many features in common.
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BASIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AXON AND DENDRITES
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