Nature and Inquiry of Research

Nature and
inquiry of
research
Learning Objectives
At the ends of this lesson, I can:

1. Describe the characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research.
2. Illustrate the importance of quantitative
research across fields.
3. Differentiate the kinds of variables and their
uses.
Case Overview
Laura, a senior high school student, is planning to

purchase a new computer. However, she does not know
the type of computer she wants to buy. Her parents tell
her to find the computer brand and the specifications
that would best fits her needs as a student. This task will
be a challenge for her because she would have to look
for necessary information. Although she knows that she
can just go directly to a computer store, she still wants
to gather additional specifications before asking her
parents for the money.
Case Overview Questions
1. What do you think will Laura do to lessen her

confusion?
2. How would she seek for answers?
3. How will she determine the reliability of the
information gathered?
4. Why is it important for her to be knowledgeable about
the brand and specifications of the computer that she
has to buy?
RESEARCH
Research
• Etymologically, research comes from the middle
French word recherché, which means “the act of
searching closely.”
• Its main objective is to answer questions and acquire
new information, whether to solve a problem or to
shed light on confusing facts.
Children now spend more than
seven and a half hours a day in
front of a screen (e.g., TV,
videogames, computer).
47% of all online
orders include free
shipping.
80% of all internet users
own a mobile phone.
https://www.websitehostingrating.com/internet-statistics-facts-2018/
1 in every 131 emails
contains a malware.
https://www.websitehostingrating.com/internet-statistics-facts-2018/
74% of people say they use
Facebook for professional
purposes. (HubSpot, 2017)
74% of people say they use
Facebook for professional
purposes. (HubSpot, 2017)
RESEARCH
Quantitative Research
According to Creswell (1994), a quantitative

research is an inquiry process of understanding
a social or human problem based on building a
complex, holistic picture formed with words,
reporting detailed views of informants, and
conducted in a natural setting.
It is also an inquiry
about a social or
human problem based
on testing a theory.
What is Quantity?
Quantity is the unit of analysis.
Amounts
Frequencies
Degrees
Values
Uses statistics for greater precision and objectivity.
Based on the deductive model
Babbie (2010) defines quantitative research as

either descriptive or experimental because
subjects are measured once or before and after.
Its data are gathered via structured instruments,
and the result is based on large sample sizes
that are representative of the population.
Scientific Methods in Research
• The process of conducting research

scientifically involves a systematic collection
and investigation of data through the
scientific method.
• It provides a set of clear and settles guidelines
for collecting, assessing, and detailing in the
context of research study.
1. Empirical Research
• Knowledge is gained through direct
observation and experimentation.
• Only those data derived from scientific
procedure are considered factual.
2. Observation
• Your awareness of your environment
constitutes your ideas. But, if you rely on your
awareness alone, it results in information
bias, decreasing the validity of your findings.
3. Inquiry
• Knowledge comes from inquiries that are
answerable.
• Questions must be answered through
scientific investigation and must generate
tangible proof.
• Example: Is there an increase in test scores
among students when they attended a
tutorial class?
4. Hypothesis
• An educated guess, or hypothesis, is an
attempt to explain a phenomena
5. Experiments
• The given hypothesis should assure testability
in a crafted condition for the accuracy and
reliability of results.
• The process of experimentation itself is a
proof of scientific procedures. And so, the
findings are considered truthful.
6. Analyses
• For findings to be reliable, the data gathered
are subjected for analysis through statistical
method.
7. Conclusion
• The process of making inferences involves
concrete data to rule out opinions.
• Usually, a conclusion must be objective and
supported by meticulous analysis of data.
8. Replication
• This is the ability to repeat the important
component of an activity.
Goals and
Importance of
Research
Goals of Research
It serves as the pillar of global transformation.
1. Description: The goal is to describe essential
information.
2. Prediction: The goal is to control one’s action
and behavior through careful planning
derived from a given set of information.
Goals of Research
3. Understanding/Explanation
-This is the process of analyzing
information to find out the causes behind
phenomena.
-The other explanation of causality
between them must be rules out.
Importance of Research
Research is essential for the following reasons:
1. Knowledge is established
2. Perceptions are corrected
3. Phenomena are validated
4. Present solutions are tested for effectivity
5. Problems are solved
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• It is robust in terms of data
analysis.
• It produces descriptive
data which can be formed
into graphical models for
making interpretation
easier.
Strengths of Quantitative Research
• It provides numerical data
that are derived from
statistical tests.
• It helps in making
declarations on specific
data.
Weaknesses of Quantitative Research
• There is a need to ensure
that measures are valid
and reliable.
• Data deficiency.
• Overreliance on p-value
and sample size

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Nature and

At the ends of this lesson, I can:

Laura, a senior high school student, is planning to

1. What do you think will Laura do to lessen her

According to Creswell (1994), a quantitative

Babbie (2010) defines quantitative research as

• The process of conducting research

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