Creative

Nonfiction
with Ma'am Mary Joy Manggao
 Literary
Elements
At the end of the lesson, you are
expected to:

OBJECTIVE 2
OBJECTIVE 1

Identify the Create samples of

different literary the different
elements of the elements based on
different genres and one's experience
 Literary Theme!
These are specific means by which writers or storytellers
manipulate words in specific patterns to unfold their stories and
experiences. These are considered as the main tools in a writer’s
toolbox. You can avoid dull and bland-tasting stories or any
literary pieces by popping it with life by sprinkling in appropriate
and effective literary elements. The more literary elements that
you employ the more powerful and creative your writing will be.
While it’s okay to stick to some literary elements that are
distinctive as your style, variety is always beneficial. This prevents
you from overusing several literary elements. This can also
strengthen your writing skills and creativity.
 Literary Theme!

Exploiting literary elements in writing

transforms us into becoming prolific
writers and storytellers. Take note that
successful classic and modern writers
used literary elements in their crafts.
Here are reasons why you should utilize
literary elements in any piece of work:

Literary elements add special effects to your

writing.
They establish connection with the reader.
They engage and captivate readers.
They help you in conveying abstract
information.
They paint vivid pictures of your words.
They enhance the reader’s vicarious
experience.
 Literary Theme!
The number one rule in writing is to show,
don’t tell. By applying literary elements, you
can show to the readers what is going on in
your story instead of telling them. They will be
able to know what the characters know, feel
what the characters feel, and see what the
characters see.
You may consider the following tips to
incorporate literary elements in your craft:

Read the work of other writers.

Do not overdo it. (We said earlier to just sprinkle
appropriate and effective literary elements and not
to dump them altogether.)
Make it seem natural.
When in doubt about a certain literary element, do
not use it. (Familiarize first yourself first with the
element.)
Make it understandable for your readers.
Look for real-life examples.
 Fiction has six
The Elements literary elements
of FICTION namely;

character,
setting,
plot,
point-of view,
conflict, and
theme.
 A character is
CHARACTER a figure in a
literary work.
Characters
can be major
or minor.
 Characters are classified into:
Examples:
Shakespeare’s Queen
Gertrude, who seems to
Flat, when they are be a caring mother of
Hamlet but inwardly she
defined by a single is a weak-willed lady
idea of quality and Harper Lee’s Miss
does not change too Maudie, who acts as a
much from the start of voice of reason for kids
the narrative to its end and supports and explains
Atticus’ motivations and
actions
 Characters are classified into:
Examples:

Round, when
Shakespeare’s Hamlet, for
being complex, enigmatic,

they possess
mysterious, knowledgeable,
philosophical, intelligent,

the complexity
and thoughtful
 F. Scott Fitzgerald’s
of real people Gatsby, who is a man of
great mystery
Characters can
also be:
PROTAGONIST
The main character with whom
the reader is meant to identify,
also the person is not necessarily
good by any conventional moral
standard, but he/she is the
person in whose plight the
reader is most invested. (e,g.,
Rizal’s Crisostomo Ibarra)
TRAGIC HERO / TRAGIC FIGURE TRAGIC FLAW

T he tra g ic h e ro o r tr ag ic
figu re is a p ro ta g o n is t w h o The tragic flaw is the
comes to a bad end as a single characteristic
result of his own behavior, (usually negative) or
us u a lly ca u s e d by a s p e c ific personality disorder that
p e rs o na lity d is ord e r or causes the downfall of
character flaw. the protagonist.

Example: Oedipus in Example: Oedipus’ pride

So p h o c les ’ O e dip u s R e x
ANTAGONIST
The character who opposes the
main character, also the
counterpart to the main character
and source of a story’s main
conflict; may not be “bad” or “evil”
by any conventional moral
standard, but he/she opposes the
protagonist in a significant way.
(Rizal’s Padre Damaso)
CHARACTERS 1. What the character says.
2. What the character thinks.
3. What the character does.
4. What other characters or
We learn about a the narrator say about the
character in five character.
different ways: 5. What the author says
about the character.
Activity 1: The Protagonist versus
the Antagonist
Local television programs thrived
with teleseryes that hooked even
the whole family watching and
excitedly waiting for the next
episode. Complete the table by
filling in characters that played as
protagonists and their antagonists.
Use a 1/2 sheet of paper for your
answers.
 It refers to the time
and place where a
SETTING story occurs. It can
be used to create
the mood or
atmosphere within
a story. It can also
express the
writer’s view of the
world.
 The setting can be:
Examples:
Thunderbird Resort,
Poro Point, City of San
Fernando 2500 La
Union
Specific  Northern Naguilian
National High School,
Gusing Norte,
Naguilian 2511 La
Union
 The setting can be:
Examples:

A large urban city

during economic
hard times
Ambiguous Somewhere in
the 2nd floor of
the grocery store
 The plot is
PLOT
the
sequence
of events
in a story.
It is made up of:
Exposition
The beginning of the
story, characters,
setting, and the main
conflict are typically
introduced.
Rising Action It is also called
Complication, where the
main character is in crisis
and events leading up to
facing the conflict begin to
unfold. The story becomes
complicated.
Climax
The peak of the story, where a
major event occurs in which
the main character faces a
major enemy, fear, challenge,
or other source of conflict. The
most action, drama, change,
and excitement occur here.
Falling Action
Where the story
begins to slow down
and work towards
its end, tying up
loose ends.
Resolution
Like a concluding
paragraph that
resolves any
remaining issues
and ends the story.
 Examples:
Manuel E. The story starts off where the narrator introduced his brother
Arguilla’s How
Leon and Maria, where he describes Maria and her physical
My Brother
appearance. He also described how his brother Leon is in love
Leon Brought
Home a Wife with Maria, and that’s where their journey begins. The problem
was introduced when Maria was afraid that the father of Leon
would not accept her in the family. The climax of the story was
when the three arrived home and Baldo was called by his father
who asked him about their journey, about Labang, and a bit
about the wife of his brother. The story gears to its end when
Baldo left the room of his father and goes to take care of Labang
and talks to Leon and Maria. The story ends when Baldo
describes Maria smelling like a morning where papayas are in
bloom.
 Jane
Austen’s The plot of the story begins when Lizzie’s sister, Jane,
Pride and falls in love with Darcy’s friend named Mr. Bingley.
Lizzie develops an interest in Mr. Wickham, who
Prejudice
accuses Darcy of destroying him financially. When
Lizzie goes to meet her friend, she runs into Mr. Darcy,
who proposes, and Lizzie rejects. She then writes him
a letter telling him why she dislikes him. He writes
back, clearing up all misunderstandings and
accusations. Jane runs away with Mr. Wickham, and
Lizzie realizes that Mr. Darcy is not as bad a man as
she had thought him to be.
 It refers to the
POINT-OF- identity of the
VIEW narrative voice. It
is the person or
entity through
whom the reader
experiences the
story.
It may be:
Third-person
where a narrator
describes what is
seen but as a
spectator, who may
be:
1. Limited, sees only what is in front of
him and unable to read any other
character’s mind
2. Omniscient, sees all, much as an all-
knowing god of some kind
3. Limited omniscient, can only see into
one character’s mind
Example:
“What are you doing?” Yossarian asked guardedly when
Joseph he entered the tent, although he saw at once. “There’s a
Heller’s leak here,” Orr said. “I’m trying to fix it.” “Please stop it,”
Catch-22 said Yossarian. “You’re making me nervous.” “When I
was a kid,” Orr replied, “I used to walk around all day
with crab apples in my cheeks. One in each cheek.”
Yossarian put aside his musette bag from which he had
begun removing his toilet articles and braced himself
suspiciously. A minute passed. “Why?” he found himself
forced to ask finally. Orr tittered triumphantly. “Because
they’re better than horse chestnuts,” he answered.
Second-person
using the
pronoun you to
narrate the story
 Example:
Heather While standing in his parents’
McElhatton’s
Pretty Little kitchen, you tell your boyfriend
Mistakes
you’re leaving. You’re not going to
college. You’re not buying into the
schedules, the credits, or the
points. No standardized success
for you.
First-person
when we are seeing
events through the
eyes of the character
telling the story
 Example:
Jeff Kinney’s “First of all, let me get som eth ing
Diary of a straight: This is a Journal, not a diary. I
Wimpy Kid
know what it says on the cover, but
when Mom went out to buy this thing I
specifically told her to get one that
didn’t say ‘diary’ on it. Great. All I need
is for some jerk to catch me carrying this
book around and get the wrong idea.”
 The conflict is a
CONFLICT struggle
between
opposing
forces which is
the driving
force of a story.
Conflicts can
exist as:
Man versus
man
the typical scenario
between the
protagonist and
antagonist
 Dan Brown’s Da
Vinci Code,
EXAMPLE Agatha Christie’s
And Then There
Were None
Man versus
nature
where the character
is tormented by
natural forces such
as storms or animals
 Ernest Hemingway’s
The Old Man and
EXAMPLE the Sea, Herman
Melville’s Moby
Dick
Man versus
self where the conflict develops
from the protagonist’s inner
struggles, and may depend
on a character trying to
decide between good and
evil or overcome self-
doubts
 Shakespeare’s
EXAMPLE Hamlet, Arthur
Miller’s Death of a
Salesman
Man versus
society where a character must
take on society itself,
stands at odds and
realizes the necessity to
work against these
norms
 John Steinbeck’s
EXAMPLE The Pearl, Ralph
Ellison’s Invisible
Man
Man versus
fate where a protagonist
is working against
what has been
foretold for that
person
 Kurt
EXAMPLE Vonnegut’s
Slaughterhouse
Five
 A theme is
THEME the main
idea or
underlying
meaning
conveyed by
the piece.
 Love and friendship –
Shakespeare’s Romeo
EXAMPLE and Juliet, Emily
Bronte’s Wuthering
Heights, Leo Tolstoy’s
Anna Karenina
 War – Homer’s Iliad
and Odyssey,
EXAMPLE Margaret Mitchell’s
Gone with the Wind,
Bernard Shaw’s Arms
and the Man
 Crime and mystery –
Edgar Allan Poe’s The
Murders in the Rue
EXAMPLE Morgue, Arthur Conan
Doyle’s Sherlock
Holmes, Dan Brown’s
Da Vinci Code
 GROUP
ACTIVITY
 Moving on
Poetry uses sound devices such as
alliteration, assonance, consonance,
onomatopoeia, rhyme, and rhythm. It also
employs meter, imagery, stanza, theme,
symbolism, tone, and figurative language
such as metaphor, personification, and
simile.
 It is derived from the
Latin word ‘Latira’ which
means letters of alphabet.
ALLITERATION It is exemplified with the
repetition of consonant
sounds within close
proximity, usually in
consecutive words within
the same sentence or
line. Alliteration is
popularly used in book
titles, business names,
nursery rhymes, and
tongue twisters.
EXAMPLE
ASSONANCE Assonance is
the repetition
of vowel
sounds
within words.
EXAMPLE
 Consonance
refers to repetitive
CONSONANCE sounds produced
by consonants
within a sentence
or phrase which
often takes place
in quick
succession.
EXAMPLE
 Onomatopoeia is a
ONOMATOPOEIA word that conveys the
sound of something.
Sounds are spelled
out as words, or when
words describing
sounds actually sound
like the sounds they
describe.
EXAMPLE
 Rhyme is a
RHYME repetition of
similar sounding
words,
occurring at the
end of lines in
poems or songs.
EXAMPLE
RHYTHM Rhythm is the
pattern of
stressed and
unstressed
beats.
Meter It identifies units of
stressed and unstressed
syllables. When a writer
combines metrical units
into a pattern, he creates
rhythm.
The five key
metrical units
are:
1. Lamb, one unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed syllable
2. Trochee, one stressed syllable followed
by one unstressed syllable
3. Spondee, two subsequent stressed
syllables
4. Dactyl, one stressed syllable followed
by two unstressed syllables
5. Anapest, two unstressed syllable
followed by one stressed syllable
Thank You
See You Next Time