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  • Statistics and Probability Module 1: Week 1: Third Quarter

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    ALLYSSA MAE PELONIA
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    This module discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a variable whose values are determined by chance. The module distinguishes between discrete and continuous variables. It also outlines 5 learning competencies, including illustrating random variables, distinguishing between discrete and continuous variables, finding possible values of a random variable, illustrating probability distributions, and computing probabilities. The module provides examples of determining possible values of a random variable from sample spaces and constructing probability distributions. It includes practice problems for students to determine if random variables are discrete or continuous, and to find missing values or evaluate probability distributions.

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    STAT_G11_Q3_M1_W1

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    This module discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a variable whose values are determined by chance. The module distinguishes between discrete and continuous variables. It also outlines 5 learning competencies, including illustrating random variables, distinguishing between discrete and continuous variables, finding possible values of a random variable, illustrating probability distributions, and computing probabilities. The module provides examples of determining possible values of a random variable from sample spaces and constructing probability distributions. It includes practice problems for students to determine if random variables are discrete or continuous, and to find missing values or evaluate probability distributions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    226 views6 pages

    Statistics and Probability Module 1: Week 1: Third Quarter

    Uploaded by

    ALLYSSA MAE PELONIA
    This module discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a variable whose values are determined by chance. The module distinguishes between discrete and continuous variables. It also outlines 5 learning competencies, including illustrating random variables, distinguishing between discrete and continuous variables, finding possible values of a random variable, illustrating probability distributions, and computing probabilities. The module provides examples of determining possible values of a random variable from sample spaces and constructing probability distributions. It includes practice problems for students to determine if random variables are discrete or continuous, and to find missing values or evaluate probability distributions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

    Module 1: Week 1: Third Quarter

    Title of the Activity:

    Random Variables

    ENTRY BEHAVIOUR

    Brief Introduction

    This module will discuss the concept of a random variable and how to construct the
    probability distribution. Recalling the idea of what a variable is, will help the students
    analyze the concept of a random variable. Doing the probability experiment and
    determining the possible outcomes, the learner can determine the possible values of a
    random variable, and later, construct the probability distribution.
    This module will help you, the learner, to understand the meaning of probability and
    its properties.

    Learning Competencies
    At the end of this module, the learner should be able to;
    1. Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous);
    2. Distinguish between a discrete and a continuous variable;
    3. Finds the possible values of a random variable; and
    4. Illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its
    properties.
    5. Computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

    Objectives

    The main objective of this module is for the students to define what random
    variable is, determine the possible values of a random variable, and construct a probability
    distribution given the probability experiment.
    Let’s Recall

    (Discrete vs. Continuous variable)


    Let us review the difference between discrete variable and continuous variable.

    This refers to
    What does it mean? something that you
    VARIABLE
    want to know or be
    answered, i.e, how
    many siblings do
    your classmates
    Continuous have? The number
    Variable of siblings refers to a
    variable.
    A variable whose
    Discrete Variable
    data was
    determined A variable whose
    through data was
    measuring, and determined
    answer the through counting,
    question of how and answer the
    much? question of how
    many?

    Let’s Understand

    What is random? According to Merriam Dictionary, it refers to being or relating to


    an element of a set where each element has equal probability of occurrence.
    Therefore, what is now the meaning of random variable? It is a variable whose
    values are determined by chance. For example, if you tossed two unbiased coins, the
    number of heads or the number of tails are the possible random variables. Letters in the
    alphabet can be used to represent the random variable.
    For example, your classmate challenge you tossed a three unbiased coin, and you
    were ask to list down all the possible outcomes and consider the number of heads as the
    random variable labelled as x.

    Possible Number Examine the table on the left. Since the number
    Outcomes of Heads of heads (x) is the random variable. What are now the
    (X) possible values of random variable x?

    TTT 0 From the column of the number of heads, we can


    now conclude that the possible values of a random
    TTH 1 variable (x) are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
    THT 1
    THH 2
    HHH 3
    HHT 2
    2
    HTT 1

    HTH 2
    Let’s recall probability.
    A chance of an event to occur refers to probability. It simply refers to the
    percentage of occurrence of the values of random variable taken from the total possible
    outcomes.
    The properties of a probability are as follows:
    (a) The probability of an event to occur ranges from 0 to 1, (0 means impossible to
    happen and 1 associated to 100% for an event to occur). Computed to be the number of
    frequency divided by the total possible outcomes; and,
    (b) The sum of all probabilities is always equal to 1.
    Going back to the previous example, let’s illustrate the probability distribution.
    Since, we know already the possible values of a random variable (x) = 0, 1, 2, and 3, let us
    compute for the corresponding probability following the properties of probability.

    PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION The probability of x where x = 0 is 1/8, since


    there is only one 0 out of 8 outcomes, the
    probability of x where x = 1 is 3/8, and so on. In
    notation:
    Number of Probability
    Heads of X P(X=0) = 1/8,

    (X) P(X) P(X=1) = 3/8,


    0 1/8 P(X=2) = 3/8, and
    1 3/8
    P(X=3) = 1/8,
    2 3/8
    3 1/8 Adding all P(X) its sum is equal to 1.

    ƩP(X) = 1

    Let’s Apply

    A. Direction: Determine whether the given random variable x is a discrete or


    continuous. Explain your answer.

    1. X = number of points earned of every team in a basketball game


    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    2. X = the height of the members of the basketball team
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    3. X = number of students who will take remedial class
    Explanation:_____________________________________________________________
    4. X = the weight of the athletes
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    5. X = number of books in the library
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________

    3
    6. X = weight of a newly born baby
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    7. X = number of hours spends in doing research
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    8. X = time spent in chatting
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    9. X = cups of coffee serve in a restaurant everyday
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________
    10. X = kilo of rice given to evacuees
    Explanation: _____________________________________________________________

    B. Direction: Tell whether the probability distribution is correct or not. Explain if


    you believe that the given table is not a correct probability distribution.

    1. x 0 1 2 3 2. x 0 3 6 9
    P(x) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 P(x) 1 2 3 4

    x 0 1 2 3 x 1 2 3 4
    3. 4.
    P(x) ¼ ¼ ¼ ½ P(x) ½ ½ ½ ½

    x 0 1 2 3 x 0 1 2 3
    5. 6.
    P(x) 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.31 P(x) .25 .25 .25 .24

    7. x 0 1 2 3 8.
    x 2 4 6 8
    P(x) 2/3 1/6 1/6 2/3 P(x) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/2

    x 0 1 2 3 x 1 1 1 1
    9. 10.
    P(x) 1 0.3 0.4 0.5 P(x) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

    4
    Let’s Analyze

    Direction: Find the value of the unknown variable in a given probability distribution.

    x 0 1 2 3 x 2 3 4 5
    1. 2.
    P(x) 1/5 1/3 4/15 c P(x) 1/5 1/5 2/5 x

    x 1 2 3 4 x 1 3 5 7
    3. 4.
    P(x) 1/6 1/3 y/6 1/3 P(x) 1/7 1/y 3/7 2/y

    5. 6.
    x 4 6 8 10 x 4 8 12 14
    P(x) 0.b 0.5 0.11 0.1 P(x) 0.05 0.5 0.3x 0.1

    7. 8.
    x 7 8 9 10 x 0 5 8 10

    P(x) d/24 3/8 1/24 2/12 P(x) 10/24 3/d 1/24 2/12

    9. 10.

    x 3 6 9 12 x 2 6 8 12

    P(x) d/4 2d/8 1/8 2/8 P(x) 1/4 1/8 x/8 2/8

    Let’s Evaluate

    Direction: Given the possible outcomes of the probability experiment, tossing


    four unbiased coin simultaneously. Construct the probability distribution where random
    variable x refers to the number of heads.

    5
    Possible Number Possible Number Probability Distribution
    Outcomes of Heads Outcomes of Heads
    (x) (x) x P(x)

    Let’s Create

    Direction: Construct the probability distribution if three cellphones were to

    be tested, consider the random variable (x) as the number of defected cellphones.

    Possible x (Number
    Outcomes of defected
    cellphones)
    Probability Distribution

    x P(x)

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