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Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOL S DIVISIO N OFFICE
MA RIKIN A CIT Y

ENGLISH
First Quarter – Module 1
Analogy

Writer: Cristina S. Barde

Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino

City of Good Character

0DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 What I Need to Know

Hello, Grade 7 learners! In this first module for the 1st grading period, you
will learn how to:
Supply other words or expressions that complete an analogy
You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. define what analogy is;
2. determine the types of analogy relationships;
3. analyze relationships presented in analogies;
4. identify in the missing word or expression to complete an analogy.

What I Know

Read each of the following questions carefully then encircle the letter of your
answer from the given options.

1. Which of the following best defines analogy?

A. An analogy helps you learn new words.
B. An analogy shows a pair of synonymous words.
C. An analogy shows relationships between words.
D. An analogy compares the relationship between two things or ideas to
highlight some points of similarity.

2. Which of the following word best completes the analogy? BIRD : NEST ::
BEAR : __________
A. Zoo B. cave C. forest D. sea

3. What relationship is shown through this analogy?

SQUARE : QUADRILATERAL :: AIRPLANE : SPACECRAFT
A. type or kind C. cause and effect
B. part of a whole D. object to function

4. Which of the pairs of words best expresses a relationship similar to the

original pair? PIPE : WATER
A. vein : blood C. artery : paint
B. bottle : wine D. nozzle : hose

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5. Complete the analogy that shows the relationship of object to function.
pencil: write :: ruler : ________

Lesson
Analogy
1

What’s In

When you were in Sixth Grade you have studied about synonyms and
antonyms. Can you still remember them?

A. Write a synonym and an antonym for each word. Use the words from the
box.

dry coward factual poor safe hazardous

rich false moist ailing healthy courageous

SYNONYM ANTONYM

true

damp

wealthy

brave

dangerous

A. Read each sentence below and follow the instructions given.

WORD BANK

heeded devoured defeated learned surrendered

Find a synonym for the underlined word in the Word Bank. Write your answer
on the space provided below each sentence.

1. Lam -ang was only a few months old when he found out about his father and
decided to look for him.
Synonym: ______________
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2. In a mad desire for justice for his father, Lam-ang fought the Ilongots and
vanquished them all.

Synonym: ______________

Find the antonym of the underlined word in the Word Bank. Write your answer
on the space provided below each sentence.

3. Lam-ang ignored the advice of his mother to court a woman who lives in their
town.
Antonym: ______________

4. He asserted his preference, and amid the misgivings of his mother, he set out
for the town of Doña Ines.
Antonym: ______________

In today’s lesson, you will learn how to analyze relationships presented in

analogies, determine the meaning of words using analogies, supply other words
or expressions that complete an analogy and create analogies to build your skills
for learning new words.

What’s New

A. Before Reading Activity

How often do you do your assignments? ____________________________________

Why is it important to do your assignments? _______________________________

B. During Reading Activity

Let us read the conversation between the twins.

 Jayson: So, what are we going to do with our assignment with Ms. Tina?

 Jamie: Well, she said we are going to try pairing up these pictures.

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In a Relationship

Try pairing up the pictures the way you want them to be. Write their names
in your notebook.

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 Jayson: Oh! Just that? It is going to be very easy. We will be finished in no
time.

 Jamie: That is right! It will be easy to pair them up the way we want them
to be. However, Ms. Tina said, we need to explain why we pair them
up that way.

 Jayson: Oh! We better start now. Remember, we also have an assignment in

Math with Ms. Bielynda.

And so, the twins started working on their assignment in English right away.

B. Post Reading Activity

What is the dialogue about?

______________________________________________________________________________

How about you, if you were going to pair up the pictures, how would you do it?

______________________________________________________________________________
Let’s analyze your work:
1. What have you noticed with the pictures after you paired them?
________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did you pair them up that way?

________________________________________________________________________
3. In what way do the pictures relate to one another?
________________________________________________________________________

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 What Is It

The pictures that you have paired can be represented this way,

Hinulugang Taktak Falls : Pagsanjan Falls

Andres Bonifacio Monument : Jose Rizal Monument
crocodile : turtle
cat : pig

and this way.

Hinulugang Taktak Falls : Pagsanjan Falls :: Andres Bonifacio Monument: Rizal Monument

crocodile : turtle :: cat : pig

How are they related again?

Showing the relationship between two words is an analogy. Here’s
another example.
up : down :: hot : cold
"Up is the opposite of down, just as hot is the opposite of cold."
An analogy compares the relationship between two things or ideas to
highlight some points of similarity. It is a way to clarify an idea or an unfamiliar
concept by comparing it to something familiar.
Analogies can help you learn new words if you determine first the
relationship between the words.

What do you think are the missing words?

A. smart: intelligent :: cheerful: ____(smart is to intelligent as cheerful is to __________)
B. short : long :: light: _______ (short is to long as light is to ______________)

What is the relationship between the pair of words?

Pair A- These are synonyms. They have the same or nearly the same meaning as
another word.
Pair B- These are antonyms. The words have opposite meanings.

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 There are types of relationships that can be shown through analogies. Look
at the following examples.

Part of a Whole expresses a part to a whole or part of a relationship. The first

word will be a part of the second word or vice versa.
Example: paragraph : essay :: An act is to play

Category/Type one word is the element/member of a group that the other word
describes.
Example: turtle : reptile :: frog : amphibian

Object to function this type of analogy tests whether you can determine the
function of a specific thing or tool. The first word will be a part of the second
word or vice versa.
Example: needle : sew :: ruler: measure

Cause and Effect one word in the pair describes a condition or action, while the
other word describes an outcome or effect to that action or condition.
Example: virus : illness :: flood : destruction

Why is understanding of analogies important? How can it help you?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

What’s More

Answer the activities that follow to practice your knowledge and skills
about Analogy.

Activity 1
Complete each analogy by writing the best word.
An analogy compares two things that are different but have something in
common.
Example: brush is to paint as pen is to write
brush : paint :: pen : write

1. woods is to acorn as orchard is to _________

apple seed pea prairie ocean

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2. banana is to fruit as pork chop is to _________
dessert meat vegetable water

3. magic is to trick as comedy is to ________

singing dancing jokes clapping

4. red is to tomato as yellow is to _______

lettuce orange beet banana

5. nurse is to patient as teacher is to ______

doctor teacher student dentist

6. finger : hand :: petal : _____________

7. knife : cut :: ruler : _______________
8. poet : poem :: baker : _____________
9. bird : feather :: dog : ______________
10. monkey : mammal :: crocodile : ____________

Activity 2
Choose the pair of words that best expresses a relationship similar to the original
pair. Then write the bridge sentence(s) on the blanks provided.

1. permanent : temporary

A. ordinary : plain
B. imaginary : fake
C. astonishing : surprising
D. skeptical : trusting

Permanent is the opposite of temporary.

____________ is the opposite of _________.

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 2. pineapple : fruit 3. transcriber : write
A. salmon : seafood A. mother : reign
B. snow : tundra B. tribute : offend
C. jungle : desert C. translator : read
D. pet : hamster D. watchman : guard

Pineapple is a kind of fruit. ____________________________

__________________________. ____________________________

Activity 3
Figure out why the first pair of words go together so that you can finish the
second word pair. For example, "Friend is to pal as gift is to ______. (present)
Click this link https://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html

Take the challenge by clicking on the higher points.

If you do not have an internet connection, work on this offline activity.

Figure out why the first pair of words go together so that you can finish the
second word pair. For example, "Friend is to pal as gift is to ______. (present)

Category A Category B

10 points Above is to below as brother is Milk is to DRINK as cake is

________. to _____.

10 points Snake is to crawl as rabbit is to Mouth is to talk as ear is

______. to ________.

10 points Desk is to furniture as triangle Horse is to hooves as dog

is to _________. is to _______.

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10 points Stove is to kitchen as bed is to Soccer is to sport as
__________. hammer is to ______.

10 points Carrot is to vegetable as green Sheep is to lamb as bear is

is to _________. to _____.

Sum up your points.

What I Have Learned

In this lesson, we focused on analogy.

 What is analogy?
___________________________________________________________________

 What are the types of relationships in analogy?

___________________________________________________________________

 Why is analogy important?

___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Apply what you have learned about analogy by doing the given activity
below.
Let us work on analogies in Science and Mathematics.

Directions: Complete each analogy by filling in the missing part.

1. Flock is to birds as fish is to _________.

2. Parrot is to feathers as bear is to ________.

3. Ant is to six legs as spider is to _______.

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 4. cat : kitten :: cow : ________

5. bison : walk :: kangaroo : ________

6. 1 kilogram is to 1,000 grams as 1 kilometer is to 1, 000 ________.

7. Addition is to sum as multiplication is to ______________.

8. _____ : hexagon :: eight : octagon

9. 4/8: ____ :: 10/15 : 5

10.

Assessment

Choose the BEST word to complete the analogy. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. soft is to loud as slow is to _________.

A. quiet B. quick C. sluggish D. gentle

2. honest : dishonest :: always : __________

A. sometimes B. never C. usually D. seldom

3. ________ : reptile :: koala : mammal

A. eagle B. whale C. snake D. eel

4. What is the relationship of the words in this analogy?

contaminated : pure :: indomitable : feeble
A. synonym C. part of a whole
B. antonym D. object to function

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5. Which of the following does NOT describe an analogy?
A. An analogy compares words.
B. An analogy gives the meaning of words.
C. An analogy shows relationships between words.
D. An analogy helps you learn new words.

Additional Activities

Create your own analogies according to the given type.

1. synonyms _________ : _________ :: _________ : _________

2. antonyms _________ : _________ :: _________ : _________

3. part of a whole _________ : _________ :: _________ : _________

4. object to function _________ : _________ :: _________ : _________

5. category or type _________ : _________ :: _________ : _________

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 References
1. Picture of Pansanjan Falls
https://www.pagsanjanfalls.ph/about-pagsanjan-falls/legend/
2. Picture of Hinulugang Taktak Falls
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2F1.800.gay%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fshoestringdiary.wordpress.co
m%2F2018%2F07%2F16%2Fhinulugang-taktak-rehabbing-a-
waterfall%2F&psig=AOvVaw3LiKxFGRkT1YSmPpkJC7Op&ust=1591418953946000&so
urce=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwjX8ePc7-
npAhX3zYsBHY6QCVEQr4kDegUIARC8AQ
3. Pictures of crocodile and turtle
https://www.britannica.com/animal
4. Picture of Rizal Monument
https://faq.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1-Rizal-Monument.jpg
5. Picture of Andres Bonifacio Monument
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2F1.800.gay%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fi.pinimg.com%2Foriginals%
2Fdf%2Fb7%2F64%2Fdfb7640a5e51e5ac6e9ecaeb73835e57.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%
2F%2Fwww.pinterest.ph%2Fpin%2F519813981962938131%2F&tbnid=426vof6i8UxCI
M&vet=12ahUKEwjA5fPJ8OnpAhWfzIsBHaLIBHIQMygGegUIARDHAQ..i&docid=V3lAlPr
nph9KFM&w=333&h=500&q=andres%20bonifacio%20monument&ved=2ahUKEwjA5fP
J8OnpAhWfzIsBHaLIBHIQMygGegUIARDHAQ
6. Picture of pig
https://www.google.com/search?q=pig+in+the+philippines&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa
=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX6P6y8-
XpAhXMKqYKHdkLDRwQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=608
7. Picture of dog
https://encrypted-bn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcR7ZY1SGn4Sgn5U
-w2WKA63OWmy53rQek0jA72klcQAebzKM0_6&usqp=CAU
8. Analogy Definition, Examples and Worksheets
https://www.teachervision.com/lesson/building-vocabulary-using-analogies
https://www.englishforeveryone.org/Topics/Analogies.html
https://www.englishforeveryone.org/viewpdf.html?pdf=/PDFs/Level_7_Analogies_1.pdf
&title=Analogies%201
https://www.englishforeveryone.org/viewpdf.html?pdf=/PDFs/Level_7_Analogies_2.pdf
&title=Analogies%202
https://www.englishforeveryone.org/viewpdf.html?pdf=/PDFs/Level_7_Analogies_3.pdf
&title=Analogies%203
https://www.test-preparation.ca/analogies-practice-questions/
9. Additional Activities
https://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cristina S. Barde (JDPNHS)

Editors:
Jovy D. Enriquez (Teacher Validator – SNNHS)
Glenda M. Trinidad (School Head – SRNHS)
Internal Validator: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS – English)
External Validator: PNU Professor
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino (SRNHS)

Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: [email protected]

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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