Mefc 103 Module 1 Lesson 1 2
Mefc 103 Module 1 Lesson 1 2
INTRODUCTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
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Lesson 1
Occupational Health And
Safety Practices
The OSHS requires every company to keep and maintain its workplace free
from work hazards that are likely to cause physical harm to the workers or
damage to property. The following must be provided;
• Appropriate seats, lighting, and ventilation.
• Adequate passageways, exits, and firefighting equipment
• Separate toilet facilities and lockers for men and women.
• Appropriate safety clothing like protective gear, masks, helmets,
safety boots, coats, or goggles.
• Medicines, medical supplies, or first-aid kits.
• Free medical and dental services and facilities.
What is a hazard?
• A condition or changing set of circumstances that presents a potential
for injury illness or property damage.
• A hazard is anything or a situation with the potential to cause harm.
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What Is A Risk?
• Risk is the potential or inherent characteristics of an activity, condition,
or circumstances that can produce adverse or harmful consequences.
• A risk is a combination of the likelihood of actual harm from the hazard
and the consequences of that harm.
• Risk is a combination of the extent of the hazard and the amount of
exposure to the hazard.
RISK = [HAZARD] x [EXPOSURE]
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
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• Vibration
• Radiation
• Inadequate ventilation
• Cluttered area
• Ignorance or carelessness of the worker
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• Viruses – organisms that depend on a host cell for development or
reproduction
• Fungi – may be small or large parasitic organisms growing in a
living or dead plant or animal
• Rickettsia – rod-shaped microorganisms that are smaller than
bacteria and depend on a host for development or reproduction.
Microorganisms transmitted by fleas, ticks, and lice
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• skin problem
• psychological problems
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CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS
Safety Regulations:
Clean Air Act: Republic Act No. 8749 also known as the Philippine Clean Air
Act of 1999.
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• Do not wear thin fabric shoes, sandals, open-toed shoes, and high-
heeled shoes.
• A machinist's apron tied in a quick-release manner should be worn.
• Always keep hands and other body parts a safe distance away from
moving machine parts, workpieces, and cutters.
• Use hand tools for their designed purposes only.
• Report defective machinery, equipment, or hand tools to the
supervisor.
SAFETY GUIDELINES:
1. Be sure that all machines have effective and properly working guards
and covers, and that they are always in place when machines are
operating.
2. Replace guards immediately after any repairs.
3. Do not attempt to oil, clean, adjust, or repair any machine while it is
running. Stop the machine and lock the power switch in the "OFF"
position.
4. Do not operate any machine unless authorized to do so by the instructor
or under the instructor's supervision.
5. Do not set up or operate machinery when an instructor is not in the
shop.
6. Even after the power is off, do not leave the machine until it has
stopped running. Someone else may not notice that it is still in motion
and be injured. Do not leave a machine until it has come to a complete
stop.
7. Do not try to stop the machine with your hands or body.
8. Check tools before use to assure they are safe to use.
9. Always see that work and cutting tools on any machine are clamped
securely before starting to work.
10. All setscrews should be of the flush or recessed type. If they are not,
move with caution when near them. Projecting setscrews are very
dangerous because they may catch on sleeves or clothing.
11. Only one person should operate the machine or switches.
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12. Concentrate on the work and do not talk unnecessarily while operating
the machine.
13. Do not talk to others when they are operating a machine. A distraction
may lead to an injury.
14. Do not walk behind people operating a machine; you may bump them
by accident or startle them and cause an accident.
15. Always remove gloves before turning on or operating any machine. If
material is rough or sharp and gloves must be worn, place or handle
material with the machine turned off.
16. Do not leave tools or work on the table of a machine even if the
machine is not running. Tools or work may fall off and cause toe or foot
injury.
17. Use a brush to remove short, discontinuous types of chips--not hands,
fingers, or rags.
18. Use a pair of pliers to remove chips, especially the long, stringy type.
19. Never handle chips with your hands or fingers. Chips are extremely
sharp and can easily cause cuts.
20. Stop the machine tool to make speed and feed changes that require
the shifting of a gear lever.
Safety Glasses:
Safety glasses must be worn when using machine tools (mill, lathe, drill,
etc.) and when using manual tools made of high tensile steel such as taps.
High tensile steel will shatter and send chips flying.
Clothing:
Rotating spindles can catch clothes, hair, gloves, and jewelry.
When using machines with rotating spindles, do not wear long sleeves, pull
back long hair (but do not braid), and remove the jewelry and anything else
that could get caught in the spindle. Do NOT wear gloves.
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Long sleeves, long hair, or jewelry can get caught in the spindle and pull
you right into the spindle. Do not braid your hair because if your braided
hair gets caught, all your hair gets pulled towards the spindle instead of just
a few hairs. Sandals are not allowed in the machine shop.
Hearing Protection:
Use ear protection if you are using a loud machine.
Buddy system:
Never machine alone. There must always be someone nearby in case you get
hurt.
2. TRAINING
a. Do not operate a machine until you have been trained. Other qualified
users can give training. Read the machine's Operator Manual and/or
Technical manual before operating the machine.
b. Do not disturb someone while they are using a machine. Wait until they
have finished machining. Machining is very dangerous and can require
concentration. If you interrupt somebody they could make a mistake that
leads to an accident.
3. LIGHTING
DC lamps must always be turned on when using any rotating machines. The
main fluorescent lights in the machine shop run off the 110 V, 60 Hz electrical
supply and effectively strobe at 60 or 120 Hz. Machines that rotate at
harmonics of 60 Hz will appear to be stationary. For this reason, all rotating
machines in the shop have a DC lamp beside them. Use the lamps! Otherwise,
you might try to reach for a spindle that looks stationary but is rotating.
4. CLEANUP
• Tools must be put away. You are not the only user of the shop. You will
waste other peoples’ time if you don't put tools away in the correct place.
• Clean up! When you finish using a machine, clean the machine thoroughly.
The coolant should be wiped off and all the chips cleared. If appropriate,
lubricate the machine. Leaving machines dirty is rude to the next user and
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is also bad for the machines. Coolant and chips can get into the moving
parts of the machine and cause rust and wear.
• Do not use high-pressure air to clean machines. High-pressure air can push
chips into the moving parts of the machinery where the chips will wear
the machine.
• Return all tools, fasteners, and materials to their proper location when
you finish work or at the end of the day. Do not leave tools out overnight.
• If you are last to leave, check that everything is in order. If necessary,
sweep the floor and put anything left out away.
5. MACHINE USE
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Fig.1.1.1. However, it is necessary for economic reasons or in temporary or
changing conditions to safeguard personnel by equipping them individually
with specialized personal protective equipment (PPE). Although the use of
PPE is an important consideration in the development of a safety and health
program, it should not be used permanently for maintaining a safe and
healthy work environment. In general, government regulations list the use
of PPE as a case of last resort. Analyzing accident situations is done to
determine whether PPE can prevent a recurrence. When work conditions
cannot be made more safely PPE is necessary.
PROPER TRAINING
To obtain the worker’s complete compliance with the requirements to wear
the PPE, the following factors must be considered:
• the extent to which the person who must wear the equipment
understand its necessity
• the ease and comfort with which it can be worn with a minimum of
interference with normal procedures
• the available economic, social, and disciplinary sanctions which can
be used to influence the attitudes of the workers
HEAD PROTECTION
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clearance of 1 to 1.25 inches between the top of the worker’s head and the
inside crown of the hat.
▪ Check any signs of cracks of perforations of brim or shell, deformation of
shell, or evidence or exposure to excessive heat, chemicals, or radiation.
▪ Remove any accumulation of conductive material on or inside the shell
that cannot be removed before use.
Objects should not be placed inside the safety hat between the shell and the
suspension device. This space is designed so an impact will not transmit to
the head of the worker.
Safety hats should be kept free of abrasions, scrapes, and nicks and should
not be deliberately dropped, thrown, or otherwise abused because they will
lose their protective qualities.
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
Eye protectors must meet the minimum requirements:
• Provide adequate protection against the particular
hazards for which they are designed
• Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the
designated conditions
• Be durable.
• Be capable of being disinfected.
• Be kept clean and in good repair
• Design, construction, testing, and use
of eye and face protection must be in
accordance with ANZI Z8.1-1989. The fitting of goggles and safety
spectacles should be performed by someone skilled in the procedure.
Prescribed safety spectacles should be fitted only by a qualified optical
person. Safety spectacles require special frames.
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EAR PROTECTION
For the protection of feet and legs from falling or rolling objects, sharp
objects, molten metal, hot surfaces, and wet slippery surfaces, workers
should use appropriate foot guards, safety shoes, boots, and leggings.
Never wear open-toed footwear while working with hot metal or welding
apparatus.
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LEARNING ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY 1
Title:
Supplies:
• Bond paper
• Pen
• Folder
Equipment:
• Laptop
• Printer
Steps/Procedure:
• List of all SOP equipment in General Machine Shop
• List of all PPE in MSP
• Layout design for every SOP/PPE equipment in Machine Shop.
Performance Criteria:
Quality and Accuracy Speed Care and Use Total
workmanship (30%) (30%) of tools (10%) (100%)
(30%)
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Lesson 2
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2. TOTAL PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE BASIC APPROACH
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3. PRINCIPLES OF 5'S
PRINCIPLES of 5'S
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in near future should be stored someplace. For this step, the worth of the
item should be decided based on utility and not cost. As a result of this step,
the search time is reduced (see Fig. 1.2.5).
2. SEITON - SYSTEMATIZE :
The concept here is that "Each item
has a place and only one place". The
items should be placed back after
usage at the same place. To identify
items easily, nameplates and colored
tags have to be used. Vertical racks
can be used for this purpose, and
heavy items occupy the bottom
position in the racks (see Fig. 1.2.6).
Fig. 1.2.6. Systematize
4. SEIKETSU - STANDARDIZATION :
Employees have to discuss together and decide on standards for keeping the
workplace / Machines/pathways neat and clean. This standard is
implemented for the whole organization and is tested/inspected randomly.
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4. HOUSEKEEPING PROCEDURES
1. SPACE: which spaces will receive this level of housekeeping (e.g. storage
areas, work areas, exhibit areas, etc.)?
2. ACTIVITIES: state what procedures will take place in which areas, for
example, collections areas versus public spaces. In public areas, you may
want to discuss trash removal, dusting, and vacuuming. In addition, in
collections areas, you may want to add cleaning the inside of cabinets,
exhibit cases, shelving, etc.
3. METHODS: state what methods will be used to perform housekeeping
activities. For example, vacuum cleaners should be used with caution,
taking care to avoid running into the furniture.
4. SCHEDULING: developing a housekeeping schedule and task list allows
staff an extra opportunity to closely and regularly inspect collection areas.
How often will activities take place? Activities can be divided up by daily,
weekly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, and annually.
See Fig 1.2.8.
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LEARNING ACTIVITY
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2. How can you apply your TPM in your machine shop area?
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II. Make a Housekeeping Checklist
Activity 2
Title:
Performance Objectives:
After reading Lesson 2 using the Blank Template, YOU MUST be able to prepare a
Housekeeping Checklist for chosen area/areas.
Supplies:
1. Blank Template # 1
2. Inventory of Tools and Equipment
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Bond Paper
Equipment:
1. Laptop/PC
2. Printer
Steps/Procedure:
Performance Criteria:
Quality and Accuracy Speed Safety/PPE Total
workmanship (30%) (30%) (10%) (100%)
(30%)
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III. Make a workshop housekeeping schedule.
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