Tailieuchung Boi Duong Hoc Sinh Gioi Luong Giac NXB Dai Hoc Quoc Gia 2014-2-8519

Dau bang xay ra trong cac ba't dang thtfc tren khi va chi khi ABC la tam giac
GAt^<fn^4. B A T D A N G THLTC Ll/OfNC G I A C deu.

T R O N G TAM G I A C Giai
Ta CO menh dc sau: •
§ 1. B A T D A N G T H I T C L U O N G G I A C K H 6 N G D I E U Klf^N
XT-' rr, 1 .u- sinx + siny ^ . x + y
A. Cac hat dang thitc lU(/ng giac ca ban trong tam giac a. Neu x, y e [0; n] thi < sm ,
Trong muc nay chung toi se trinh bay cac bat dang thuTc lu"c(ng giac rat ct;
1\T cosx + cosy ^ x+y
ban trong mot tam giac. No thu'dng xuyen diTdc sur dung trong viec nghien b. Ne'u x, y e thi ^<cos
2'2 2 ~ 2
cuTu cac bat dang thtjTc hmh hoc noi chung va trong tam giac noi rieng.
Dau bang xay ra trong cac ba't dang thiJc tren khi va chi khi x = y.
Bai 1. Trong moi tam giac ABC ta c6 cac he thuTc sau: Ap dung menh de tren ta cd:
1. cosA + cosB + cosC < - . 2. cosA cosBcosC < - . "
sinA + smB î"C + s m | C+"
2 8 7t
- ^ + sm +sm ^ A+B +C+ -
_ . A . B . C ^ 1 . • 2A -^r. • 2/^ ^ ^
3. s m — s m — s m — < - . 4. sm A + sm B + sm C < —. 2 2 < 2 L_<,,n 3
2 2 2 ~ 8 4 2 2 4
Dau bang xay ra trong cac bat dang thiJc trcn ichi va chi khi ABC la tam giac
sinA + sinB + sinC + sin —<4sin—
deu. 3 3
Giai 3v^
• sinA + sinB + sinC <
2
1. Ta c6: cos A + cosB + cosC < - (1)
2 A =B
A+B A - B , ^ . 2 C / 3 Dau bang xay ra < ^ _ A = B = C « ABC la tam giac deu.
o 2cos
2
cos—
2
hl-2sm — < -
2 ~2
^' 1 ^3
2/3 Chu-ng minh tu'dng tu" 1/.
<=> 4sin^ 4sin—cos hi > 0
2 Bai 3. Trong moi tam giac ABC ta c6 cac he thiJc sau:
^ . C A-Bl^ 2 A - B A B C ^
o 2 sm cos + sin" X) (2) 1. tan —+ tan —+ tan —> V3 ,
2 2 J 2 - 2 2 2
Vi (2) hien nhicn diing, vay (1) dung => dpcm
2. cotA + cotB + cotC > V3 .
^ . C A-B
2 sm cos = (J Dau bang xay ra khi va chi khi ABC lii tam giac deu.
Da'u bang xay ra o 2 2 A =B=C Giai
• A-B 1 . A Bti C r-
sm-—-— = 0 !• tan —+ tan —+ tan —>V3 (1)
2 2 2 2
o ABC la tam giac deu.
. A B C B C
2.3.4 ChiJng minh tu-dng tif 1/. tan — + tan — + tan — >3 do tan — > 0, tan — > 0, tan — > 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 .
Bai 2. Trong moi tam giac ABC, ta co:
2 A , B 9 C ^. A B B C C A
3^3 ^ . A . B . C ^ 3 <=:> tan — + tan" — + lan" — + 2 tan — tan — + tan — tan — + tan — tan — >3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2/
1. sinA + sinB + sinC < . 2. sm — + sm — + sm—< - .
2 2 - 2 2 2 ^. 7 A , B ,C A B B C C A ^ , .
A B C ^ 3^3 I o tan" — + tan" — + tan" tan —tan —+ tan —tan —+ tan —tan— > 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
3. cos hcos—l-cos—< .
2 2 2 ~ 2 275
Cty Timn ivrv P VVn Khang vlft
A B B C C A ^
do lan — tan — + tan — tan — + tan — tan — = 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 jsjhît xet: Ta hay hieu the nao la bat dang thufc khong the l a m " t o t hrin".
2 , Ba'l dang thufc R A , B , C) > a doi v d i m o i tam giac A B C g o i la khong the l a m
f A B^ ( B
<=> tan — - t a n — + tan — - t a n —
2
f c
+ tan — - t a n — >() (2)
2; 2 " l o t h d n " nc'u nhU' Ve > 0, ton l a i tam giac AnBdC,, sao cho
I 2 2J
2 I I 2
RAo, B,„ C„) < a + s (1)
V i (2) dung =>{\ dung => dpcm.
^ Bat dang thiJc f(A, B , C) > P doi v d i m o i lam giac A B C g o i 1^ khong the ISm
2. Trifdc hct ta chi?ng minh trong m o i tam giac i h i
"tot h d n " neu nhu" Ve > 0, ton lai lam giac A||B„C(| sao cho
cot A + cotB + cotC > 0 (3) f
r(A„, B„, C„) > p - e (2)
That vay neu A B C la tam giac nhon thi (3) hicn nhien dilng
V i the chang han de chiJng minh ba'l d^ng IhuTc f(A, B, C) > a d o i vdti m o i
Neu A B C khong phai la tam giac nhon khi do gia siir A > 90", i h i B, C la
tam giac A B C g o i la khong the l a m " t o t h d n " la lien hanh theo hai biTdc sau:
nhon va 0 a
Ta c6: cotA = - c o t ( B + C), ncMi /, i
2. Chi'rng minh c6 (1). De liim dieu nay c6 nhieu cdch, luy nhien each ma ta
col A + colB + cotC = colB + cotC - coKB + C)
hay siir dung la: ChuTng minh rang ton l a i m o t ho tam giac A , B , C , (phu
Ta c6: colB > 0 va do 90" > B + C > C =^ col{B + C) < cotC Ihuoc vao e, \6'\ > 0 dii be)sao cho v d i ho nay la co:
^ colC - cot(B + C) > 0 => cotB + cotC - col(B + C) > 0, vay (3) dung lim r(A,,B,,C,,) = a
V i Ic do colA + cotB + colC > S <^ (col A + cot B + cot C ) " > 3 . i;
Sau do lam nhiT trong phan 1/ vc'Ji chu y la 2. Ta CO v d i m o i lam giac A B C ihi:
colAcolB + colBcotC + cotCcolA = 1 suy ra dpcm. Icos A c o s B c o s C i = |COSA|.|COSB|.|COSC| < 1
l i a i 4. ChiJug minh rang Irong m o i tam giac la c6: => cosAcosBcosC > - 1 . (1)
1. cosA + cosB + cosC > 1. 2. cosAcosBcosC > - 1 . Mat khac xet ho tam giac A B C v d i A = 180" - 2 a ; B = C = a vcti a > 0 du be.
. . A . B , C Khi do: cosAcosBcosC = cos( 180" - 2a)cosâ = - c o s 2 a c o s ' a
3. sm — s m — s m — > 0 . 4. sinA + sinB + sinC > 0.
2 2 2
Tirdo l i m ( c o s A c o s B c o s C ) = - l i m (cos2a)(cosâ) = - 1
c A . B . C , A B C -
5. sm — + sm — + s i n — > 1 . 6. cos — + C O S — + C O S — > 2 .
2 2 2 Vay ba'l dang ihurc (1) khong the lam " l o t h d n " => dpcm.
2 2 2
va cac ba'l dang thuTc trcn khong the lam " l o t h d n "
3.4. Chiang minh tu'rJng liT Vi.
Giai <: , . A . B . C B+C C+A A +B
J- l a co: sin — + sin — + s i n — = cos + cos 4-cos
. . A B C
1. Ta co: cos A + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4sm YsmYsm- CD 2 2 2 2 2
= cosA' + cosB' + c o s C ,
2
A B C
v d i A ' = : ? ^ ; B ' . ^ ; C ' = A ± 5
H i c n nhicn trong m o i lam giac la c6: s i n y s i n — s i n y > 0, do do liT (1) siiy ra 2 2 2
cosA + cosB + cosC > 1 Ro rang A ' > 0, B ' > 0, O 0 va A ' + B ' + C = A + B + C = 180" nen co the
A. B . C . A coi A', B', C la ba goc cua mot tam giac A ' B ' C khac.
Ta c o : 0 < sm — s m — s m — < sm —
2 2 2 2
Theo phan 1/ suy ra cosA' + cosB' + c o s C > 1 ^' ' ^
A') . A . B . C
M a t khac: l i m sm — = 0 : • l i m sm—sin—sm — = 0 . . A . B . C , ,
2y 2 2 2 =!> sin — + sin — + sin — > 1 => dpcm.
A->() 2 2 2 *
Vay bat dang Ihufc tren kh6ng the l a m lot hdn.
Xet ho lam giac A B C A = 180" - 2 a ; B = C = a v6i a > 0 du be
B6I duang h ^ c sinh g l o l Lupng glAc - rhan Huy Khal
Cty Timn nrv P VVH Khang VIft
A . B . C
lim sin — + sin—I- sin — = lim cos a + 2sin — = 1 A,B = 2R,sin
2 Oh
a->{)'^ 2 27 2
A B C , "
Vay ba't dang thuTc s i n y + s i n y + sin y > 1 khong the lam "tot hdn" Thay (3) vao (2) va c6: AA, = — 2 R s i n — (4)
a 2
6. Do 0 < cos— < 1, 0 < cos— < 1, 0 < cos— < 1 Lap luan lu'dng tiTcd: BB, =~-2R<i\n^, (5) ' ' t»
2 2 2 ^ .n
A B C zA 2 B 2 C *
^ cos hCOS hCOS—>COS h COS + COS — CC| = 2Rsin —. (6)
2 2 2 2 2 2 , 2 2
A B C 3 + (cosA + cosB + cosC) . ^, ,,.
cos —+ cos—+ C O S — > > 2 (Iheophan 1/) Nhan tiTng ve (4) (5) (6) suy ra:
2 2 2 2 • A . B . C
Cho ho tam giac ABC vdi A ^ 180" - 2a, B = C = a, vdi a > 0 du be suy ra + a)(a + b ) ^ ^ 2 4Rsin—sin—sin —
AA,.BB,.CC, = (h + <^)(c abc (7)
2 2 2
A B CI a -2
lim cos — + COS — + C O S — = lim Trong moi AABC, thi r = 4R s i n - s i n - s i n -
2 2 2 ) „^„+ sina + 2cos—
2 2 2 2 (8)
A B C •> '
Bat dang thiJc c o s y + cosy + 'ôsy > 2 khong the lam "tot hdn". Tir (7) (8) di den AA,.BB,.CC, = (b + c)(c + a)(a + b)^^^, ,
abc i
(9)
Thco ba't dang thuTc Cosi, thi
B. Bat dang thi'tc hidng giac trong cac bai todn hinh hoc phdng b + c > 2^/bc , c + a > 2^[ca., a + b > 2^yab
(10)
Trong muc nay chung la xct cac bai toan bat dang thiJc liTdng giac, hoac bat TCf (9) (10) suy ra AA|.BB|.CC| > 16R-r =:>dpcm.
dang Ihtfc khong co dang lu'dng giac nhu'ng chiJng minh no thi hoan toan di/a Dau bang xay r a o b = c = a o ABC la tam giac deu.
vao phcp bien ddi cac he ihiJc lu'dng giac trong tam giac. Cac ba't dang tMc NHn xet:
nay gan chat vdi mot bai toan hinh hoc phang lu'dng iJng. Nhif vay de giai 1. Ke't qua noi tren van dung ne'u thay ba du'dng phan giac bdi ba difdng Irung
chiing Ihi CO siT phoi hdp giffa lu'dng giac va hinh hoc phang (no phan bict trifc, tiJc thay tam difdng Iron noi tiep I bang tam O diTdng tron ngoai tiep.
vdi Ccic bai loan thuan luy ve bat dcing thufc lu'dng giac ma vc mat hinh thifc Khi do AA| = BB| = C C , =2R.
CO the thay ngay trong cac bai loan ay khong he c6 mot hinh ve nao ca). Vay AA|.BB|.CC| = 8 R \
B a i 1. Cho lam giac ABC. Ba diTdng phan giac trong cua cac goc A, B, C laa D o R > 2 r = ^ 8 R ' > 16R'r.
lu'dt c5t diTdng Iron ngoai ticp tam giac ABC tai A | , B | , C|. Chijrng minh => AA|.BB,.CC| > 16RV
AA,.BB|.CC| > 16RV Da'u bang xay ra <=> R = 2r.
Giai "JÂBC la tam giac deu. i
Ap dung dinh li Plolcme vdi ti? giac noi ticp ^- Ne'u thay I bcli triTc tam H ciia tam giac nhon ABC.
A B A i C taco: Ap dung dinh li ham so sin trong A A B A i , ta c6:
AA|.BC = AB.A|C + A C . A i B (1); AA, =2RsinABAJ = 2Rsin(B + A ^ ) jf
Ta c6: A | B = A.C, nen tif (1) co:
= 2Rsin(B + H A c ) " ^~
_ A | B ( A B + AC)
(2) • k = 2Rsin(B + 90" - C)
BC
flp =2Rcos(B-C).
Ap dung dinh l i ham so sin trong AABA, (vdi chu y ban kinh cua diTdng iron
J t f d n g tir c6: BB, = 2Rcos(C - A )
ngoai tiep tam giac nay cung chinh la R), ta c6:
B6I duang ln>c sinh gioi I nîng gUic - fhan Huy Khal Cty Timn nrv P VVn Kbang Vift
Tir d6 A A , . B B | . C C , = 8 R W ( B - C)cos(C - A)cos(A - B) A . B . C A . B . B . C C . A

sm — + s m - + s m - - > 3 sm — sm—h sm —sm hsin — sm —
(3)
Ta C O the chuTng m i n h diTdc ba't dang ihufc saii day irong m o i tam gi^c nhpn 2 2 z/
, . A . B . C 2 2 2 2 2 2 j
cos(A - B)cos(B - C)cos(C - A ) < 8sinysin-sin-. A . B . C^, . A . B . B . C . C A
TCr (2) (3) suy ra s m ^ + sm —+ s m Y > 2 s m — s m — + s m — s m — h s m — s i n —
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
Vay (1) dung => dpcm.
T i r d o s u y r a A A , . B B | . C C , < 8 R \ 8 s i n y s i n - s i n - = 16R^r.
Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac dcu.
V a y neu thay I bdi trifc tam H va gia thiet A B C la tam giac nhon la c6 bai
dang thuTc nhi/ng vc)i chieu ngiTrtc l a i .
1. Ncu A B C la tam giac nhon va thay 1 bang triTc tam H , thi ta co ba't dang thtj-c
B a i 2. G o i I la tam diTcfng tron npi tiep tam giac A B C . AT, B I , C I keo dai cat
vdi dau ngifdc l a i , ti?c la H A + HB + HC > H A , + H B , + H C , .
di/5ng tron ngoai tiep A A B C Ian lirm tai A , , B,, C,. That vay do H A C , H A B , HBC va A B C c6 cac vong tron ngoai tiep bang
Chu-ng m i n h : l A , + I B , + IC, > l A + IB + IC. nhau, ncn ap dung dinh l i ham so sin trong A H A C . thi A
Giai
HA = 2R sin H C A = 2R cos A . X7
De tha'y I A = ; IB = ;IC = • l A , = A,B TiTdng tir HB = 2RcosB; HC = 2RcosC. C,
. C B
sm sm sm Lai C O H A , = 2 H M = 2 H C s i n H C M
2
A A = 2 . 2 R s i n H A C . c o s B =4RcosCcosB. M /
Laithay A,B = 2RsinY =>IA, = 2Rsiny
TiTdng tir HB 1 = 4RcosCcosA; HC, = 4RcosAcosB.
B C
Tifdng l i r l B , = 2 R s i n — ; I C | = 2 R s i n y . V a y H A + H B + H C > H A , + H B , + HC,
<=>2R(cosA + cosB + cosC) > 4R(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA)
V a y l A , + I B , + I C , > l A + IB + IC
o cosA + cosB + cosC > 2cosAcosB + 2cosBcosC + 2cosCcosA (4)
. A . B . C 1 1
o 2R sm—hsm—1-sm — > r
2 2 2j . A
-+ •
' . B + (4) diTdc chi?ng minh tiTdng liT nhiT tren v d i chii y:
sm- sm~ 0 < cosA + cosB + cosC < -.

2
. A . B . Cl „ . A . B . C
o 2R s m — h s m — h s m — > 4 R s m — s m — s m — 2. Hoan toan tiTrtng tiT, ta c6 cac ba't dang thiJc sau
2 2 2j 2 2 2
1 1
IA,.IB,.IC, >IA.IB.IC; — + +— — .+
I I 1 1
o
A B C A B B . C ^ . C . A , , ,
s i n y + s i n - + s i n y > 2 s i n y s i n - + 2 s m - s m - + 2 . s m - s m y . (1)
IA| IB,
< — + —+ —
IC| ~ l A IB IC
Da'u bang xay ra trong hai ba't dang thuTc Ircn <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
Theo bat d i n g thufc cd ban trong tam giac, ta c6: 3. Cho tam giac A B C noi tiep discing tron tam O. G o i I la giao d i e m ciia ba
. A , . B^ . C^3 difctng phan giac A M , B N , CP. Gia suf A M , B N , CP keo dai cat di/c^ng tron
sm—hsm—+ sm—<-
2 2 2 2 ngoai tiep tai A ' , B', C li/dng i^ng. ChuTng minh:
. A . B . C 2 3 A . B , . C 1 1 1
s m — h s m — h s m — = - . - sm—hsm—hsm — >1.
2 2 2 3 2 . 2 2 2 lA' ^ IB' ^ IC' R
. A , . B , . C Giai
(2)
~3 sm hsm—hsm — Ta c6: B I A ' = I B A ' l A ' = A'B.
. 2 2 2J
H i e n nhien ta l a i c6: Lap luan nhu'cac bai tren c6: l A ' = 2Rsin
B6I duding hgc ainb gtdl Lugng glic - Phan Huy Khal
B C pgfu bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.

TiTdng t i r l B ' = 2 R s i n — ; I C = 2 R s i n Y .
2 fjeu thay cac phan giac bang cac trung tuyen va I thay bang trong tam cua
1 1 1 3 tam gi^'-- ' ^ h ' '^'^ dang thiJc .sau:
1
1 1 1 1 3 OA' GB' G C - R
. A . B• + : >—
2R " R Xa CO theo he thiTc lu'dng trong du'cfng tron
sin sin sin
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
(1) MA.MB' = M B . M C = ^
sin - sin - sin—
2 2 2
4MA 4m.,
Theo bat dang thiJc Cosi c6: =>MA' =
1 »^
f . A , . B , . C ,GA' = G M + M A ' + - m . , + •
sin—hsin—hsin — > 9 . (2)
4m„
. A . B . C 2 2 2
sin sin sin
2 2 2
GA m.. 8mf 2(2b^+2c^-a^) 2b^+2c^-a^
Theo bai toan crtban trong muc A , thi sin — + sin — + s i n — < - . (3)
GA' 1 a' 4m,^ + 3a' 2b^ + 2c^ - a^ + 3a^ a^+b^+c^
^ • 2 2 2 2
3 ' 4m.,
Tu" (2) (3) suy ra (1) dung dpcm.
Tiif do suy ra:
Da'u bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac dcu.
GA ^ GB GC ^ ( 2 b ^ + 2 c ^ - a - ) + ( 2 a ^ + 2 c ^ - b ^ ) + ( 2 a ^ + 2 b ^ - c ^ )
Nhan xet:
GA' GB' GC' a^+b^+c^
1. N c u A B C la tam giac nhon va thay cac di/dng phan giac b^ng cac du^cfng cao
(va goi H la trifc tam). K h i do ta co: = 3 (6)
A
1 , . , AA' BB' CC , GA , GB , GC ,
Laico: ,+ _ _ + _ _ = i+ _ _ + i+ +i + .= 6 (7) (do (6))
HA' HB' HC' " R GA' GB' GC' " ' GA' GB' GC'
/p/
That vay theo cac bai Iren ta co: Do A A ' < 2R; B B ' < 2R; C C < 2R
H A ' = 4Rco.sBco.sC;
1 1
H B ' = 4RcosCcosA;
=>6=M:+M:+^,2R^ ' + •
M / GA' GB' GC' IGA' GB' GC'
H C =4RcosAcosB. 1
„ , , , , — - > — => dpcm.
Tu" do theo bat dang thifc Cosi, ta co: A' GA' GB' GC'~R
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Dau bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu.
HA' HB' HC' 4R cosBcosC cosCcosA cosAcosB ' ^ ^ i 4. Cho tam giac A B C . Ba du-dng phan giac trong A M , B N , CP k c o dai cSt
1 diTcfng tron ngoai tiep tam giac tiTdng tfng tai A ' , B ' , C .
(41
2 •
4R V ( c o s A c o s B c o s C ) /' /' /'
&at A A ' = BB'= /|;,CC= . ChiJng minh ^ + - ^ + ^ >4.
T h c o ba't dang thuTc cd ban trong tam giac (va do A B C la tam giac nhon), i ' /„ L /,.
co: 0 < cosAcosBcosC < - . Giai
(5)
8 AB AM c /., be
'a CO A A B M ^ AAA'C
1 1- H ^ j>— ^ =>dpcm.
. AA' AC
Tir (4) (5) suy ra b I,
HA' HB' HC' ~ R
B6I duOng hpc sinh gkil Lugng gUc - rhan Huy Khal
Khi do + + —^>4
m„ mu m,.
(1)
m„ + t a , mu + i u , m, + 1
^>4
A A •+ m,
2bccos 2bccos
Do I, = < I,, . Ih I,.
b+c 2Vbc + ^ > 1 . (8)
nr, mu m,
/„ < Vbc cos — . (2)

Ta co: M A . M A ' = MB.MC hay t„.m, = —
, /' 1 4
T i l f ( l ) ( 2 ) d i den ^ > - (3)
COS
m, 4m.; 2b-+2c^-a-
/' 1
TiTdng lirco: - ^ > (4) TiTitng tir
b-^
L" ^B' I,- 2
C
h cos ^ cos - 2a"+2c^-b" m,, 2a2+2b--c-'
I IL I 1 1 1 Vithc(X)c=>
Tir(3)(4)suyra ^ + -!i + X > . (5)
I" Lt) I' t i;os-^ A eos 2 "
cos 2^
2 2(Y + Z ) - X
ci .—
Theo bat d^ng thuTc Co si, la c6: 2 2 2 2b2+2c--a'=X>()
2 A
A ,B jC 1 I Dat ,^2 _ 2(X + Z ) - Y
cos — I - COS" — h cos — >9. (6) 2a-+2c"-b^ =Y > 0 - .
2 2 2j 1A +
' . B+ I, C
COS" - COS" COS" 2a-+2b--c"=Z>()
2 2 2i 2 2(X + Y)-Z
c =
2A 2 B 2 C 3 + (cosA + cosB + cosC) ^ 9
Do cos — I - cos — h cos — = < —, (7)
2 2 2 2 ' 4 Vlthc-(9)«I±^ +^ + 2 ^ > ,
/.' /' /'
Tif (5) (6) (7) suy ra + + > 4 => dpcm.
Y z z
4
— + — + —+ + —+ >6. (10)
Dc thay tiTcac lap luan Iren thi da'u bang xay ra <=> ABC la lam giac dcii. I Y xJ i z XJ iz Y
Nhgn xet: Khi lhay ba diTclng phan giac lhanh ba difdng Irung luyen, ta c6 Ni' C>o X X ) , Y > 0, Z > 0, ncn ihco bat d;1ng thifc Co si Ihi (10) dung, vay (9)
loan sau: dung dpcm.
Cho lam giac ABC co dp dai ba trung luyen m,„ mn, m,. Goi M,„ Mb, M , la J'' bang ,xay ra dc thay o X = Y = Z
dai cua ba dU'dng trung tuycn ay kco dai cho den khi gap du'(<ng Iron ng"'" o a =b=c -
licp lam giac ABC. ChiYng minh: ^ + ^ + >4 o ABC la lam giiic deu.
m., m^ m^.
Cho lam giac ABC noi tiep irong diTcJng iron lam O. ChiJng minh
Giai
OA- ^ O B ^ ^ O C ^
Goi cac trung tuycn la A M , BN, CP va giii silr A M , BN, CP keo dai tifdng
be ca ab
cat diTiIng iron ngoai tiep AABC lao A', B', C . Khi do ta co:
AA' = M „ BB' = Mh, CC = M, Giai
'-'o dinh li ham .so sin, la co:
Dat t, = M„ - m,; tb = M^ - m^; I , = M , - m,.
OA^ ^ OB^ OC' 1 1 1 Giai
-+ . (1)
be ca ab
4R^ sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B J Neu A|, B | , C| deu nam trong tam giac ABC. Khi do ta c6:
Theo baft dang IhuTc Cosi, thi MB|+MC, MB, MC, . ^
3 ^-^77 ^ = 77r + ^ = smMAB, + s i n M A C 1 • (1)
1 I 1 (2) MA MA MA
sinBsinC ^ sinCsinA ^ sinAsinB ^(sin Asin BsinC)^ Hien nhien ta c6 (xem bai 2 § I chu'dng 4)
sin M A B | + sin MAC, . M A B | + M A CI • A
Lai theo bat dang ihufc Cosi, ihi < sin = sin —. (2)
V • . • D • ^ sinA + sinB + sinC 2 ^ 2
</sin AsinBsinC < — (-3) Tir (1) (2) suy ra
MB, + MC| . A ^
Theo ba'l dang thuTc liTrtng giac cd ban thi . • '-<2sin — , hay
MA " 2 A
sinA + sinB + sinC < ^ (4) MA
> (1)
MB, + M C ,
:.sin
/+Y\
OA' OB^ OC-
Tir{l)(2)(3)(4)suyra + ' — >1
be ca ab ~
Dau bang trong (1) xay ra khi
Do la dpcm. Dc thay dau b^ng xay ra o ABC la tam giac deu. A M la phan giac ciia goc A .
Nhgn xet: TiTdng lir ta c6: M ^
1. Neu thay O bang tam di/c(ng tron noi tiep I , thi ta c6: MB 1
IB^ IC^ MC, + M A |
> , . B' (2) n A n
2 sin
be
-+ •
ca • +ab >1. (5)
2
A,
B C MC 1
That vay theo cac bai tren ihi IA = 4Rsin —sin y (3)
MA, + M B . c•
2 sin
16Rîn2^sin2^
lA^ B C
— — tan —tan —. Dau bang trong (2), (3) tu-dng tfng xay ra B M , C M Ian liTdt la cac phi
be B . C B an
2 C 2 2 giac eua cac goc B, C.
16R sin sin - cos cos
2 2 2 2 T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) s u y ra:
IB- B C IC' A B
MA' MB^ MC'
TifdngtiTco: = tan —tan —; —— = lan —tan—.
ca 2 2 ab 2 2 (MB,+MC,)- (MC,+MA|)- (MA,+MB,
Tir do suy ra (5) diing.
2. Neu thay O bang trifc tam H, thi ta c6: >1
(4)
• 2 ^ . 2 B ' . 2 C
^ ^ ^ +^ > , (6) Sin ^ sin sin
be ca ab 2 2 2,
iiu' Dau bhng trong (4) xay ra <=> ddng Ihdi co dau bang trong (1) (2) (3)
Chtfng minh (6) liTdng tiT nhtrchiyng minh d trcn (xin danh cho ban doc li''
o M la lam du^dng iron noi licp AABC.
lai).
Theo ba'l dang IhiJc Co si, la co:
Bai 6. Cho M la diem nam trong tam giac ABC. Kc M A , , M B , , MC, tiTcIng i^'^'
1
vuong gc')c BC, CA, AB. ChiJng minh rang: 2 A B . C 1 (5)
sin
. 7 7 . 2 A . 2 B . 2 C•
MA- MB^ MC^ sin" sin" sin sin sin
-T>3. 2 2 2 2 2 2
(MB|+MC|)- (MC,+MA|)- (MA,+MB,)
Thco ba't dang ihiyc liTdng giac cd ban ihi sin^ —sin-^ —sin^ — < - (6) 4,i(p - a)' + 4b(p - b)- + 4c(p - c)" < 6 7 3 R ' ( 2 R - r)
2 2 2 8 c> a(b + c - a)' + b(a + c - b)' + c(a + b - c)' < 6N/3 R ^ ( 2 R - r)
Tur (4) (5) (6) suy ra dpcm irong iriTcfng hdp nay.
c> 4abc - (b + c - a)(a + c - b)(a + b - c) < 6 ^ 3 R ' ( 2 R - r). '
Da'u bang xay ra o ABC la lam giac dcu va M la lam cua lam giac a'y. (1)
Ap dung cac cong ihiJc: ,;•
2. Ncu A | , B | , C| CO diem nam ngoai lam giac ABC (chang han A, nam ngo^j
, abc
lam giac ABC) S = p r : S = 4R
—; — = (p-a)(p-b)(p-c)
Khi do la c6 cac danh gia sau:
_ (h + c - a)(a + c - b)(a + b - c)
MB| + M C
' <2sin-,
MA 2
Khi do
MA| + M C |
<2sin-
MB - 1
( 1 ) c:> 16RS - — < 6 N / 3 R ' ( 2 R - r)
MA,+MB, P 'Am.
Ricng doi vc'li dai liTctng la co:
MC o8S(2R-r)< 6V3R'(2R-r) '•Hid; "
MA, + M B | _ MA|: MB, o 4pr < .3^/3 R ' (do 2R - r > 0)
+
MC MC MC
/ID A B C . A . B . C
4 4R cos — cos — cos — 4Rsm —sin —sm —, < 3V3R^
= sinMCA,+sinMCB| . 2 2 2 2 2 2j
Do MCA, + M C B = 180 sin MCA, = s i n M C B . o XsinAsinBsinC < 3^3 . (2)
Tir do Ihco (*) la c6; Thco bai dang ihiJc Cosi, ta c6:
MA, + M B I . MCB + MCB| ^ . C .sin A sin B sin C

=_ sinMCB + sinMCB, <2sin = 2sin — sinAsinBsinC < (3)
MC 2 2 3
NghTa la la van quy vc doan sau ciia IruT^ng hdp 1 => dpcm. Thco I 11 dang IhiTc lu'dng giac crt ban la co-
(Tuy nhicn Irong Iru'cfng hdp nay dii'u biing khong xiiy ra)
sinA + sinB + sinC < (4)
Bai loan difdc giai hoan loan.
Bai 7. Cho lam giac ABC. DiTclng Iron noi licp lam giac licp xiic vdi ba canh Thay (3) (4) vao (2) la lhay (2) dung => (1) dung dpcm.
BC, AC, AB [lidng i^ng lai M , N , P. ChuTng minh: Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC lii lam giac dcu.
Ba« 8. Goi I la lam dift^ng iron noi tiep lam giac ABC. A I , BI, CI ca'l du^dng iron
BA.AP- + C A . B M ' + AB.CN' < ^ R ' ( 2 R - r).
ngoai licp lam giac ABC lai D, E, F Wdng u-ng.
Giai ChiJngminh: H + I ^ + Z > 3 .
Ta CO: lA IB I C ~
b + c- a Giai
AN = AP = p - a = Lap luan nhu'cac bai iren, la co:
2
a + c-b lD = 2 R s m - ; I A 4R sin - s m -
BM = BP = p - b =
2
A
a + b-c
CM = C N = p - c =
Vi ihc ba'l dang IhiJc can chu^ng minh c6 dang tiTdng diTdng sau:
«.»^ limn mwyvTT nnang vifT
BOl tiuuim iitn. snui yiui i-uym^
B . C Giai
sin- sin
IF 2 A A 4b'c'cos' —
Ti/0ngt^c6:|= . c . A ' ^ . A . B•
2sin sin Giainhi/bai4,lac6: ^ = -^ = ^ ^ ^ b c _ l + cosA
2sin- sin -
2 2 2 2 AA2 be (b + c r b c (b + c ) ' 2
V a y theo bat dang thtfc Co si, la c6: - 4bc

Thco bat diing ihilc Cosi, i h i < 1.
ID IE , IF ^ , J „ . A . B . C (b + c ) '
(1)
1 1 > ji* 8sin—sin—sin— .
_ AA| ^ 1 + cosA ,
lA IB IC~ V 2 2 2
Tir do suy ra — ! - < . 1
Thco bal d i n g ihiJc cd ban Irong lam giac, ihl
AAT 2
. A . B . C ^ 1
sin-sin-sin-<-. (2) UpluanlU«ngl,/.c6:ML<l±^;:^<!±^ (2)
BB2 2 CC2 ~ 2
Tir ( 1 ) (2) suy ra dpcm. Dau b^ng xay ra o A B C la lam giac d c u .
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) suy ra:
Nhan xet: Nc'u lhay cac diTcfng phan giac trong bang cac difcJng Irung luyc'n, tiJc
AA, , BB, , CC, , 3 , 1 . ^ . _
+ L+ < - + - ( c o s A + cosB + c o s C ) . (3)
la lhay I bkng Irong l a m G cua lam giac A B C , k h i do la lhay nhif sau:
AA. BB, CC, ~ 2 2
T h c o cac bai I r c n , la c6:
Thco ba'l dang IhiJc luTdng giac cd ban Irong lam giac, Ihi
a^+b-+c^
GD = cosA + cosB + cosC < - . (4)
6m., 2
TiTdng lU", c6:
T i r ( 3 ) (4) suy ra: J ^ + - ^ + - ^ < i .
AA2 BB, CC, ~ 4
6m h 6m^^^ Do lii dpcm. Dc lhay dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu.
Nhan xet:
Nhir vay la c6:
Thcobai4,lac6: Ml + Ml + ^ < 4 . (5)
AA, BB, CC, "
GA GB GC 4
(AAj^^ BB, , CC, AA, BB, CC,
= (a- + b- +c^) Ta c6; 1 + L+ I
>9. (6)'
2b^+2c^-a^ 2 7 + 2 ? ^ ii^+2b^-c' AA, BB, CC, ) AAj BB, CC,
(ihco bat diing ihuTc Co si)

(2b- + 2c' - a-) + (2a' + 2c' - b ' ) + (2a' + 2 b ' - c')
Tuy nhicn tir (5), (6) khong the suy ra ba'l dang thii'c cua chung ta.
1 1 Bai 10. Cho lam giac A B C khong c6 gc)c tii, Ba du'dng cao ha tCf cac dinh A, B,
2 b ' + 2 c ' - a ' ' ^ 2a' + 2c' - b ' ^ 2a' + 2 b ' -c' C liin lu"cn cat du'itng Iron ngoai l i c p lai A,, B,, C,. ChuTng m i n h r i n g :
GD GE , GF SA|B,C| ^ ÂBC •
-+ •>3.
Tir (2) va Ihco bal dang ihiJc Cosi suy ra:
GA GB GC
Giai
Nghia la la ihu difdc ba'l dfing ihufc liTdng W, khi lhay phan giac bdi irung luyCn- Xet hai trU"(lng hdp: ' - ;
B a i 9. Cho tarn giac A B C . Ba diTdng phan giac A A „ BB„ CC, k c o dai cat '• Neil A B C la lam giac nhpn. Khi do la co: : VO
discing iron ngoai l i c p lam giac lai A:, B,, C:. ChuTng minh:
S^îj^^^ = 2 R ' s i n A| sin B| sinC, . (1)
1 I BB, ^ CC, ^9
Ta c6: AA,, B B , , CC, la ba dU'cJng phan giac trong cua lam giac A|B|C| (de
BB. CC, 4
dting)
Cty TNHH MTV D VVH Khang Vl§t
^ A, = 2 C | A | A = 2C|CA BC BC d o B A ^ + BOC = 18()") ^'
R, =
= 2(90"- A) = 180"- 2A 2sinBA'C 2sinBOC
=> sinA, = sit>2A. BC 2RsinA R
(1)
Ti/dng tiT sinBi - sin2B; sinCi = sin2C. 2 sin 2 A 2 sin 2 A 2 cos A
Ta co: A ' O C = 18()" - A O C = 18()" - 2 B
Tirdo: S A , B , C | =2R^sin2Asin2B.sin2C.
A ^ = A S + C)BC ( d o A ^ = A ^ )
Mat khac SABC = 2R^sinAsinBsinC
Tirdo S A | B , C | < S A B C = 180"- 2B + 9 0 " - A
o sin2Asin2Bsin2C < sinAsinBsinC (do O B C = O C B va O B = O C
(2) va O B C + O C B = 180" - B O C = 180" - 2A =^ O B C = 90" - A )
<=> SsinAsinBsinCcosAcosBcosC < sinAsinBsinC
Do sinA > 0, sinB > 0, sinC > 0, ncn =^ Vib = A + B + C - 2 B + 90" - A = 90" + c - B .
(3)
(2) o cosAcosBcosC < - Do vay O A ' = 2R, sin A ' B O = 2- R -sm 90" + (C - B)
Wi (3) dung (theo bat dang thiJc lifdng giac cd ban trong tarn giac) nen suy ra 2 cos A
Rcos(B-C)
SA|B|C| < S A B C A cos A (2)
2. Neu ABC la tarn giac vuong (chang han t;u A)
Li luiin lu-cing iiT co: OB' = Rcos(C-A) (3)
Khi d 6 B | = C , ^ A = > S A | B , C | cosB
Luc nay hien nhien ta c6: S A | B | C | < ^ A B C • OC' = Rcos(A-B) (4)
Vay khi ABC khong phiii la tarn giac lij, cosC
Tir (2) (3) (4) suy ra
ta luon co: S A | B | C | < S ^ B C OA'.OB'.OC >8R'
Dau bang xay ra -t=> ABC la lam giac deu. o cos(A - B)cos(B - C)cos(C - A) > 8cosAcosBcosC
Nhan xet: Neu lhay du-dng cao bang diTdng phan giac o cos(A - B)cos(B - C)co.s(C - A) > -8cos(B + C)cos(C + A)cos(A + B).
Irong. Khi do la c6 bat ding thiJc vdi dau ngifdc lai. Vi the ket hdp vdi sin-Asin'Bsin-C > 0 suy ra
SABC ^ Â|B|C| •
ChiJng minh Wdng lif nhiT Iren va ta co: OA'.OB'.OC > 8R'
. A . B . C^1 ^ cos(A - B)cos(B - C)cos(C - A) cos(A + B)cos(B + C)cos(C + A)
SABC < S A , B | C , ^ - 8
.sin A,sin B,sin B sin C sin C sin A ~ sin A,sin B.sin B sin C sin C sin A
Theo bat dang thtfc lu-dng giac cd ban suy ra dpcm. A, <=> (1 + tanAtanB)(l + tanBtanC)(l + lanClanA)
Bai 11. Cho lam giac ABC khong vuong noi tiep trong du-dng Iron tam O ban > -8( 1 - lanAtanB)( 1 - tanBtanC)( 1 - lanCtanA). (5)
E)at X = lanA, y = lanB, z = lanC va chii y rang trong moi tam giac khong
kinh R. DiTdng thang AO, BO, CO tiTdng rfng cat cac diTdng Iron ngoai ticp vuong, ta co:
cac tam giac OBC, COA, AOB lai A', B', C . ChiJng minh: lanA + lanB + lanC = tanAlanBlanC ' ' ' '
OA'.OB'.OC > m\ =^x + y + z = xya (6)
Giai Khi do
Gpi RI la ban kinh diTdng Iron ngoai tiep tam gidc BCA', thi theo dinh ly han' ( 3 ) 0 ( 1 +xy)(l +yz)(l + zx) > 8(xy - l)(yz- l)(zx- 1) ^ . . j ' ^ :
so' sin, ta co: o (z + xyz)(x + xyz)(y + xyz) > 8(xyz - z)(xyz - x)(xyz - y) (7) :,
s S i duong h^c sinh gioi Lu^ng giac - I'h.m Hiiy HhaT
Tiif (6) (7) suy ra j j a i 13. Cho A B C la tam giac nhon vii H lii triTc tam. Gia sur H A , H B , H C lar
(3) c=> (2x + y + z)(2y + z + x)(2z + x + y) > 8(x + y)(y + z)(z + x). (8) li/cn cat cac du-cfng iron ngoai ticp cac lam giac H B C , H A C , H A B l a i A ' , B'
Theo bat d a n g thuTc Co si, Ihi C . Chu-ng m i n h H A ' . H B ' . H C > 8R'COSACOSBCOSC.
2x + y + z = (X + y)(x + z) > 27(x + y)(x + z) Giai
2y + y + x = (y + x)(y + z) > + y)(y + z) Taco: C H A ' = ABC = B

(goc CO canh tifdng iJng vuong goc)
2z + X + y = (z + x)(z + y) > 2^(x + y)(x + z ) .
M a i khac nhU'da bict du'ilng Iron ngoai
Tir do suy ra (8) dung => d p c m .
tiep tam giac H B C c6 ban kinh ciing
Dc thay da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac d e u .
chinh la R (ban k i n h dudng iron ngoai
B a i 12. Cho tam giac A B C . G o i I la tam di/dng tron noi t i c p tam giac. Gia sir
tiep A A B C ) .
A I , B I , C I ti/dng iJng ca't cac diTdng tron ngoai tiep cac tam giac I B C , l A C ,
l A B tai A ' , B', C . ChiJng m i n h : l A ' . l B M C < 8 R ' . ^ A p dung djnh l i ham so sin trong tam giac H B A ' ,
Giai taco: H A ' = 2 R s i n H B A '
G o i A ' la tam du-dng tron bang = 2Rsin(HBC + A ^ )

tiep goc A ciia tam giac A B C = 2 R s i n ( 9 0 " - C + B) = 2Rcos(B - C).
=> B A ' va C A ' tufdng uTng la cac
Lap luan tu-dng tir c6: H B ' = 2Rcos(C - A ) ,
dirdng phan giac ngoai cua goc B, C
HC' = 2 R c o s ( A - B ) .
=> I B 1 A ' B va IC 1 A ' C
Tir do H A ' . H B ' . H C = 8 R ' C O S ( A - B)cos(B - C)cos(C - A ) . ( 1 )
=> du^dng tron du'5ng kinh l A '
chinh la diTdng tron ngoai ticp M a t khac theo chiJng m i n h trong bai 11, ta c6:
tam giac I B C . V i the trong l a m cos(A - B ) C O S ( B - C)COS(C - A ) > cosAcosBcosC. (2)
giac v u o n g I B A ' , ta c6: Tir ( I ) (2) suy ra dpcm. Dau bhng xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac deu.
IB IB IB Bai 14. Cho tarn giac A B C va G la trong tam l a m giac. D a t BGC = a,
IA' =
cosBIA A + B . C
cos sm — C G A = 3, A G B = Churng minh rang: •
2
a b c . a .3 . "v
^„ . A . B . C -f sin — + s i n - - f - s i n —
4R s i n - s i n - - sin - +mh mt,+m, m,+m, ~ 3 2J
2 _ 4Rsin — .
Do I B = =>IA' =
. B . B . C . B . C
sin- sin - Giai
sin - sm sin -
2 2 2 2 2
B C Ta CO 2sin^ cosa, v i the ap dung
TiTdngtirco I B ' = 4 R s i n - ; I C ' = 4 R s i n y .
•; c. dinh ly ham so cosin, ta c6:

A B C
V I the l A ' . I B ' . I C < 8R^ o 64R'sin—sin-sin-< 8 GB'+GC^-BC^
cosa=:
2 2 2 2GB.GC
. A . B . C^ 1 ,,.
<=> sin — s i n — s i n — < - . (I) 9/ , , N
2 2 2 8
Theo bat d^ng thiJc lifdng giac cd ban trong tam gi^c t h l ( 1 ) ddng => dpcm.
D a u bSng xay ra o A B C la tam giac d c u .
^ i d i m n g hpc slnh glol Lupag glAc - Phan nuy nnai Cty TNltn MTV DVVn Khang Vl^t
, a Aiml+ml)-9'j} 4(m|, + m , f - 9 a ^ - 8 m t , m , A B C
=>l-2sin" —= - ^ (5)
2 8m^m,^^ 8m|,m^. cos h cos—h cos —
/\ dung bat diing thiJc Cosi, la c6:
. 2CV , 4 ( m h + m J - 9 a
2 2
2 2 c 2
=> sm — = 1 (1) >9. (6)
2 /c+/a /a+/h a b c
Theo bat dang ihtfc Cosi, thi 4(mh + m,)' > 16mHm, Tlif (3) (6) suy ra
4(m|, + m , )^ - 9a- ^ A{m^ + m , ) ' - 9a^
1-- > (7)
/ K + / C /c+/a /a+'b A B C
(vdi chii y la do GB + GC > BC => - (nib + m j > a => 4(mh + m,)^ - 9a^ > 0) cos + cos + COS
Thco bat diing thiJc lU'Png giac cO ban trong lam giac thl
2 2 2.j
^ ^ 4(mh+m,)^-9a^ 4(m,+m,)'-9a' A B C 3N/3
4(mh+m,)' " 16mi,m,, (8)
0 < cos h c o s — h c o s — <
3^ r>2sin - T i r ( 7 ) ( 82) c 6 : 2a 2 2 •>S. (9)
/,+/, k+l,
4(m|,+mj' 2
(2) Do a + P-i-Y = 271 = ^ ^ - 1 - ^ + ^ = 7 1 .
2
3 2 + m,
. (Y
-sin — < DT nhicn ^ X ) , ^ X ) , - > ( ) , ncn c6 the coi —, - , - la ba goe cua mot tarn
Da'u bang trong (2) xay ra <=> mn = m, 2 2 2 2 2 2 ^
, 2 . 3 ^ b giac niio do. Vi the lai thco ba'l dang IhiJe lu"dng giac ed ban la co: c:
Lap luan tiTdng tiT, la co: - s i n - < (3)
3 2 m^. + . (\ , 3N/3
2.-1^ c (4) sin —-I-sin-+ s i n - <
-sin-< 2 sin — + sin--I-sin —
Dau biing trong (3), (4) tifdng iJng xay ra <=> ABC la lam giac deu. 22 2 2 22 (10)
3 2 m^, + mt,
Nhdn xet: Ta c6 bai toan tiTdng tiT sau: Cho tarn giac ABC vdi I la tarn diTdn^ Tir(9)(10).suyradpcm
iron noi licp. Dal BIC = (v, CIA = 3, AIB = -i. ChiJrng minh: 'âi 15. Cho lam giac ABC. Goi I la lam du'dng iron noi licp tam giac ABC. Goi
a . > 2 sin—h sin — + sin — 0 | , O., O, irin lu-dt la tarn du^dng Iron ngoai licp eac lam giac IBC, lAC, lAB.
2 2 2 Chu"ng minh: S,'()|()2()3 ^ S.
/b+'c K+k k+k 3
Giai Giai
Ta c6: Goi M, N, P Ian lirm la trung diem ciia lA, IB, IC
=> S,v,Ni> = ;|;S (do AMNP ^ AABC vdi ti so dong dang k = ^ )
a
1 p f 1 1 1 1 âni Oi la giao ciia hai diTdng trung trifc cac ^
I) - + - - +- ^•anh IB, IC.
-b + c;
- Ic di, Ui bj
A B A Tam O; lii giao ciia hai du'dng trung iri/c cac
2bccos . , 2accos . . 2abcos ,
2_ ^ + ^ _| 2_ a + c ^ 2_ + " '^^nh IC, lA.
b + c ' be a-he ac a-fb ab
B6t duSng tipc slnh glol Lupng glAc - Fhan Huy Kbal
Cty TNnnnrvDVVHKhang V/ft
Tam la g i a o c i i a h a i dir(:>ng I r u n g trifc c a c c a n h lA, IB Lap l u a n ti/dng t y c o : Rj =
R ; R3 = R
Khi do dc lha'y O,, O 2 , O., liTOng ilng c u n g la t a m c a c diTcfng tr6n bang lio'p 2cosB 2cosC
tiep cac goc M, N, P cua AMNP.
Goi R ' la ban kinh di/dng tron ngoai ticp AMNP, thi Ta co: 0 , 0 , = O 3 K + 0 , K = ^R.i f JR? - —
SMNP = 2(R')'sinMsinNsinP
Theo phan dang thiJc trong tam giac ta c6:
N 2VcWc 2VCWA
O1O2 = 4R'COSY; = yCtanC + lanA).

P Tu-dng liTco O2O1 = y d a n B + lanA). Vi the
0,03 = 4 R ' c o s -
So,0203 = sinOÔ;02
180"-NIP = N + P
^0,03.0,02
R5
0 3 0rang = c6:
, 0 2 la
R ^ sin(C + A) .sin(B + A) / „ \
smOÔiOj = s m. N— ^+—P = cos—
M
= 7; f. ' în(l80"-BOc)
1 M N » cos C. cos A cos B cos A
Vi the' So,0203 = - 0 , 0 2 . 0 , 0 3 . s i n 0 3 0 | 0 2 = 8(R'r cosy cosycos- 8 cosBcosCcos^ A 4 cosBcosCcosA
_ R ^ >sinBsinCsin2A
V^'the'So,0203 S R^ sinBsinCsinA
Taco: S„|0203 > S " 03>S it;-;
M N P R ^ sinBsinCsinA > 2R\sinAsinBsinC
<=> 8 ( R ' ) " c o s — C O S Y C O S — > 4 S M N P
4 cosBcosCcos A
8(R')- c o s — c o s — c o s - > 4.2(R')'sinMsinNsinP o cosAcosBcosC < - . (1)
2 2 2 8
. M . N . P^1 Theo bat dang thiJc lu-rfng giac cd ban trong tam giac thi (1) dung => dpcm.
<=> sm — sm — s m — < - . (1) Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC la lam giac deu.
2 2 2 ~8
Thco bat dang thufc liTdng giac cdban trong tam giac thi (1) dung => dpcm. ^ O H xet:
Dau bang xay ra <=> MNP la tam giac deu <=> ABC la tam giac deu. Neu ihay O bang trong tam G cua lam giac ABC, thi neu goi O,, O2, O3 Ian
Bai 16. Cho tam giac nhon ABC. Goi O la lam diTcJng tron ngoai tiep A A B C liTdt la tam du-^ng Iron ngoai tiep cac tam giac GBC, GAC, GAB thi la van
Goi 0|, O 2 , O3 Ian liTcU la tam diTcJng tron ngoai tiep cac tam giac O B C c6 ba'l d^ng thu-c 80,0203 > 8 .
OAC, OAB. Chu-ng minh: 80,0203 > S Chiang minh xin danh cho ban doc. ^
Giai 17. Cho tam giac ABC, M la trung diem cua AC. Dal CBM = (p.
Goi R|, R 2 , R3 Ian liTdt la ban kinh cac ChiJngminh: colA > ^ ^ - ^ c o s ^ ^
dirdng iron ngoai tiep cac tam giac
OBC, OAC, OAB. sinip
Ta co: , Giai
R , =
BC a 2RsinA Taco:
ZsinBOC 2 sin 2 A 4 sin A cos A 2 cos A cn,^^ 2V2-3cos^
hdl du6na hpc sinh glot lufng giic - fhan tluy hJial
pgfu bang xay ra <=> a, = aj; P, = P2; y, = y:
<=> cot A + 3cot(p > •. (1) <=> O la tam diTc^Jng tron noi ticp AABC.
sirup Pî 19. Cho tam giac nhon ABC va goi O la tam diTcfng tron ngoai ticp. Goi r,,
Thco clang thu-c trong tam giac, ta c6: ^ - r^, r, Ian lifcn la ban kinh diTdng tron ngoai tiep cac tam giac OBC, OAC,
b^+c'-a^ RM^+MC^-MC^ OAB. Ch^ng minh: r, + rj + r^ > 3R. ,
cotA + 3cot(p = h3
4S 4S
Giai
2a^+2c^-b2 ^ ^2
Ap dung dinh ly ham so sin trong cac AABC, BOC ta c6:
a b c
4S " 2S R =
2 sin A 2sinB 2sinC
_ 4a- + 2c^ - b^ _ (2a^ + 2c^ - b^) + 2a^ a a
' , 2S 2S 2,sin BOC 2sin2A
_ 4BM^+2a^ _ 2 B M ^ + a ^ , b
TiTdng liTco: =•
2S ~ S 2sin2B 2sin2C
Thco bat dang thi?c Cosi, ta thay 2BM- + a^ > 2%/2 BM.a. (3) Khi do r, + r: + r, > 3R
2V2BM.a 2^/2 a b c
TCr (2) (3) suy ra cotA + 3col(p > — - — ; — = . o >3R
2sin2A 2sin2B 2sin2C
BM.asm^? smif
Vay (1) dung ^ dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o 2 B M ' = a' o a = m, N/2 . 2R,sinA 2RsinB ^ 2RsinC
o >3R
Bai 18. O la diem bat ki nilm trong tam giac ABC. Chi?ng minh: 4 sin A cos A 4 sin B cos B 4 sin C cos C
BAC ABC ACB^ o >6 (1)

OAcos + OBCOS + OCcos >p. . cos A cosB cosC
2 2 2 A
Thco ba'l dang thifc Co si, thi
Giai
p 1 1 1
(cos A + cos B + cosC) > 9
Ki hicu tti, a2; Pi, P:; 71, 72 (xcm hinh vc). UosA cosB cosC
Ke OM 1 BC, ON 1 AC, OP 1 A B . 3
Do 0 < cosA + cosB + cosC < ncn tiT (2) suy ra (1) dung =^ dpcm.
Taco: ^ 2 j
Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC la lam giac deu.
p = ^ (BM + MC + CN + NA + AP + P B ) Chu y:
Neu ABC lii lam gitic c6 g()c tu, ihi kel luan ciia bai loan chu'a cha'c dung.
= ^(OBcosp: + OCcosy: + OCcosy, + OAcosa: + OAcosa, + OBcosP,) That vay xet tam giac ABC c6:
A = 1 2 0 " ; B = C = 30".
=> p = i o A ( c o s a , + costt:) + ÔBCcosp, + cosp.) + ÔC(cosy, + cosy:) C>c iha'y luc nay r, = R
BAC tt|-<v2 1 ABC fi|-f-l. , 1 Cac tarn giac OAB, OAC lii cac lam giac dcu
=> p = OA cos cos —! + - cos cos + - cos BC A cos — -
' 2 2 2 2 2 2 ^'0 canh bang R, ncn
BAC ABC ACB
=> p < OAcos + OB cos + OCcos—-— 2 RV3 RV3
r, <R
2 2 2 3 2 2
A B C
hay p < OAcos f-OBcos—hOCcos— => dpcm. ^Sy r, + r. + r 3 = R + R>/3 < 3R
£•1 V f,-' :.'
2 2 2
lidJ duany / 7 ^ f Siinn yiUI Lupng
2. Tir R > 2r, ncn hicn nhien la c6: 21. Cho lam giac A B C . Goi 1 la tarn du'cJng Iron noi licp.
r, + r: + r, > 6r ChiJngminh: IA.IB.IC<R\
Da'u biing xay ra o ABC la tam giac dcu. Giai

Bai 20. Cho lam giac ABC vdi I la lam diTdng Iron noi licp. Goi r,, r^, r, Ian luui Mhu-da bic'l A
la ban kinh diTdng Iron ngoai licp cac lam giac IBC, lAC, lAB. ChuTng minh- IA = - ^ , I B = - ^ , IC= '
A B . C
6r < r, + rj + r3 < 3R . sm sm -
sm —
Giai 2
Ap dung dinh ly ham .so sin Irong AIBC, la c6: Dodo I A . I B . I C < R '
BC a ' -
<=> <R\ (1)
r, = . A . B . C
2sinBIC 2sin 1 8 0 " - ^ + ? sm sm sm
2 2 2
A A • A B C
2R.2sin cos . V i r = 4Rsin—sin —sin —, ncn
2 2 2
— 2Rsm —
^ . B+ C 2 „
2sm - . A . B . C
( l ) o 6 4 sm—sm —sm — < 1
B C 2 2 2
Tifdng liTco: r 2 = 2 R s i n —; r32Rsin — . A . B . C 1
<::> .sm — sm —sm —< - . (2)
Vay r, + r2 + r, < 3R (1) 2 2 2 8
Ro rang (2) diing (ihco bat dang thtfc li/dng giac ccJ ban Irong lam giac)
A . B . C]
o 2R sm—hsm—hsin — <3R => dpcm.
9 2 2
Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac dcu.
.A . B . C^3
<» ,sm — I - sm — h sin — < - (2) WAX 22. Cho lam giac A B C nhon IriTc tam H .
2 2 2 2,
Chu-ngminh: H A . H B . H C < R ' .
Thco bal d;ing thiJc liTdng giac c d ban Irong lam giac ihi (2) dung => dpcni
Dau bang xiiy ra <=> ABC la lam giac dcu Ciai
Thco ba'l dang ihuTc Co si, la c6: Ap dung dinh li ham so sin irong tam giac H A B , la c6:
A . B . C HA AB HA c
r, + r 2 + 1 , : - 2 R s i n - + 2 R s i n - + 2 R s i n - (do HAB + C = 180")
sinABli sinAHB cos A sinC
_^ „ ^ 2RsinC.cosA .
> 3,4R\sin-sin-sin-. (3) => HA = = 2RcosA.
V 2 2 2
•sinC
Vi r = 4Rsin —sin —sin—=>HR''sin—.sin^sin^ = 2R^-. TiTdng tiT HB = 2RCOSB; H C = 2RcosC.
2 2 2 2 2 2 (.
Vay H A . H B . H C < R '
(
Thay vao (3) va c6 r, 4 r, + r-, > 3 V 2 R ^ (4)
8R'(COSACOSBCOSC) < R '
Ma t khiic la lai c6: R > 2r -t> 2R-r > Sr" (5)
(1)
Thay (5) vao (4) va c6: r, f r, + r, > 6R cosAcosBcosC < - .
^'K-O bal diing thi^c lu'(;ng giac ciJ ban ihi (1) dung => dpcm.
Do la dpcm.
'îiu bang Xiiy ra <=> ABC la lam giac dcu.
Dau bang xay ra « ABC la lam giac dcu.
Nhdn xet:
I C = 4Rco.s—co.s-
1. K h i A B C la tarn giac viiong (chan han vuong lal A ) . K h i do 2 2
H =A HA = 0 H A . H B . H C = 0.
N h i r v a y I , A + I^B + I,C < 9R
H i c n nhicn bat dang thiJc H A . H B . H C < R ' la dijng (d day dau bKng khong A B , B C C A
o 4R cos — COS h COS —COS h cos —COS — <9R
xay ra) r
2 2 2 2 2 2 j
2. X c l khi A B C la tarn giacco goc tu. A B , B C C A 9
X e t tam giac A B C vdi A = 120"; B = C = 30" <r> COS — COS h COS — COS — + COS — COS — < - ( 1)
2 2 2 2 2 2 4
D a l A B = AC = a = > R = a • i ? Do thay
Ta CO H A = a; HB = HC = A B B
B C, C A 2A 2B ,C
;os—COS — + cos—cos — + cos—cos — < cos — + cos — + cos — (2)
cos
HA.HB.HC > 3a'> a ' = ^r^, 2 2
=^ H A . H B . H C > R'
V, cos^ A + , o s 2 ^ + cos^ ^ = 3 + cosA + cosB + cosC
V a y ket luan cua bai loan Irong trifclng hdp nay chu'a chac dting. 2 22 2 ' ;
B a i 23. Cho lam giac A B C . G o i I.„ 1^, 1 Ian liTdt la tarn du-cfng Iron bang ticp cae 3 , -'
cosA + cosB + cosC < - (bat dang thifc lu-ctng giac cct ban Irong tam giac),
goc A , B, C cua tam giac.
1. ChtJng minh: I,A.IhB.I,C < 2 7 R \ ncn tij-(2) suy ra {1) dung => dpcm.
2. Chii-ng minh: I.,A + I,,B + I,C < 9R. Dau bang .xay ra o A B C lii lam giac deu. " '
Giai Hai 24. ChiJng minh rang Irong moi lam giac A B C , la c6:
Nhqn xet: Ta thay rang 21 suy ra 1/
h.. 27 tl
That vay thco ba't diing thiJc Cosi, ta c6:
1. ^ > / ^ . 2. + /h
/.. ~ V R
/,. " V R
I , A + I , B + I,C > 3;^r,A.IhB.I,C .
Giai
1. Ta luon c6 the gia su^ B > C (ncu khong ihi chi vice Inio ddi vai tro giffa hai
dinh B va C) va c6 hinh vc ben.
Vc du-iJng cao A H va phan giac A D (khi do A D d ben phai A H - xem hinh
ve)
Ta c6: -fit = — = sin A D H = sin

/.. AD
c+-
• Tirdo ili!-> j f i ^ s i n ^ C + - ^
R
<=> cos- C -
2 ~ R
B
2}
. A . B . C
>8s!n—sin—sm —
2 2 2
B
<=> cos 2 C -
B-C B+C
> 4 s i n — cos cos
2
^ . . A B~C , . 2A
<=> COS"
>4sm—cos 4sm —
2
~ 2 2 2
p a i 25. Cho tam giac A B C noi tiep trong dU'&ng tron tam O. Dtfdng phan giac
C-B - . A
cos— ^^'^^ >0. (1)
trong cua cac g6c A , B, C c^t du'dng tron ngoai tiep tam giac tai A|, B , , C|.
V i (1) dung = > d p c m ChiJng minh r i n g A A , + B B , + CC, > A B + BC + C A .

^ g Giai
D a u b i n g xay ra <=> c o s — ^ - = 28111^ H D
Ta c6: A B + A C = c + b = 2RsinC + 2RsinB
C-B . C + B „ . A A ^„ . B + C B-C
<=> 2cos s i n — — = 2sin—cos— = 4Rsin cos . (1)
2 2 L L 2 2
o sinC + sinB = 2sinA <=> b + c = 2a
Theo dinh ly ham so sin trong cac tam giac
< » b, a, c lap thanh mot cap so cpng.
2. Theo tren ta c6: A B A : , A C A i ta c6:
h h u h , B-C C - A , A-B AA, =2RsinABA| =2Rsin
2
i ^ + ^ + - i - = COS + C0S + COS—T—
AA| = 2 R s i n A C A | = 2 R s i n
h,. h, h,. 2r
Vay ^ + ^ + - T ^ > 3 3 | - - I .
•ai /b - AIR
( . A . B . C Tur do suy ra 2 A A | = 2R sin + sin C + -
B-C C-A 2]
<=> C O S ^ - + COS- + COS > 6 sin—sin—Sin — (1) 2)
2 2 ' ' 2 2 2 2
. B + C + A B-C B-C
Theo ba't dang thufc Cosi, ta c6: = 4Rsin cos = 4Rcos , (2) . .
2 2
B_c
e o s - ^
C-A A-B
+ c o s ^ ^ + cos^— >
1 B-C C-A A - B
3 ^ c o s - ^ c o s - ^ c o s - ^ (2) Tir(l)(2)diden 2AA| > AB + AC. (2)
Lap luan tu-dng tir 2 B B | > B A + BC, (3)
Ta se chtfng minh rkng trong m o i tam giac thi
2CC| > C A + CB. (4)
c„.iz£c„,s^cosA^>8si„As,„S.„^. (3) Cong iCrng vc (2) (3) (4) suy ra dpcm.
2 2 2 2 2 2
Nhît xet: Ta c6 the chiJng minh (2) bang each " p h i lu^dng g i a c " nhiTsau:
That vay
Theo dinh l i Plolcme, ta CO: .'-'tî}}
8cos-cos-cos-cos^^cos^^cos^^>8sinAsinBsinC
2 2 2 2 2 2 AA|.BC = A B . A | C +AC.AiB
^ . B + C B-Cl , . C+ A C - A l ^ . A + B A - B = A|B(AB + AC) (doA,B = A,C)

2 sin cos—— 2sin cos—— 2 sin cos
2 ' 2 2A|B(AB + AC)
=>2AA| =
>8sinAsinBsinC BC
o (sinB + sinCXsinC + sinA)(sinA + sinB) > > 8sin A s i n B s i n C (4) Do 2A|B = A , B + A|C > BC nen suy ra 2 A A | > A B + A C , vay (2) dung. .
Theo ba't dang thiJc Cosi, thi ^'^'^ 26. Cho A B C la tam giac nhpn. Cac di/dng cao ke tir A , B, C cat diTdng tron
sinB + sinC > 2 V s i n B s i n C , ngoai tiep tam giac A B C tai A , , B,, C,. Chiang m i n h : ..^ .,, ,
sinC + s i n A > 2 V s i n C s i n A , A A , + B B , + CC, > A B + BC + C A .
sin A + sin B > 2 Vsin A sin B .
Tir 66 suy ra (4) diing => dpcm. '^P dung dinh ly ham s6' sin trong A A B A , , ta c6: , fj + ,^ .
D a u bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu. 'Â, = 2RsinABAT

Cty TrainnrvownHhang Vi^t
Vi ABA, = ABC + CBA| = B + CAA| »! a + b 2ah _ ( a - h ) ^

H i c n nhien la c6: " —'- X)
= B + 90" - C 2 a+ b 2{a + b)
b + e 2bc e+ a 2ea
=> sin A B A , = sin(9()" + B - c) = cos(B - C)
~Y~" bT^ ~ 2 ~ " ^ - ' ^ ^ ' ' y
=>AAi- 2Rcos(B - C).
=> A A , + B B , + C C | > a + b + e =5 dpcm. , .
TifiJng tir t o B B , = 2Rcos(C - A ) ; CC, = 2Rcos(B - C ) .
Hal 27. Cho lam giac A B C . M la m o l d i e m bal k i Irong lam giae. G o i x, y, / Ian
Nhirthc
lu-dl la Ciic khoang each liT M xuong BC, A C , A B .
A A | + B B | + C C | = 2R(cos(A - B) + ats(C - A ) + cos(B - C)) (1) r-. V
Chirng minh: N/X + ^ + < J a"
- + b" + c" 'tn ' . i ,
Co the chufng minh rhng
2R
A B C
Giai
COS(A - B) + COS{B - C) + COS(C ~ A ) > 4 c O S y c o s — C O S y (2)
Ta c6: SM,JC + S M A C + Svi,\|j = S
V i Ihc lhay (2) vao ( I ) va c6:
A A | + B B | + C C | > 2p = A B + BC + C A =^ dpcm. -.i ^ ^MBC I SMAC , S.MAB, _ |
s s s
Nhaii xet:
-^ + ^ =1
Ta CO k c l qua lifdng tiT khi lhay du'dng cao biing cac di/fJng Irung luycn (d h.. 1
c
day dung v(?i m o i l a m giac)
2 X y /
h., + hh + h, = (h, + hh + h,)
—+ —+ —
(I)!
Ta c6: A M . M A , = B M . M C = —
K hh h . la eo
TiY (1) va Iheo bal dang ihiJc Bunhiaeopski,
MA, =
4 m.. K + hh + h,. >
"> •> , 2 . 2 , 2
=> A A , = m , M a" 4m,, + a b +c

4m., 4m., 2m, (2)
c^ + a^
TiTdng liTco: B B , ; cc, H 2m,.
Da'u bilng Irong (2) xay ra o — = — = .
2mK X y /.
R6 rang Irong m o i A A B C , ta c6: Trong m o i l a m giac A B C , Ihi h,, = bsinC, h^ = csinA, h,. = asinB, nen
2m., 1 +
b+ c c+ a a+ b a^+bVe^
2 be 2ca 2ab (3)
A A , + B B , + CC, > ( b + c) - + (c + a) - ^ — + (a + b) - — — - 2R
b + c c+ a a+ b Dau bang irong (3) xay ra <=> a = b = e.
AA, + BB, + C C ,
a- + b ' + e ' '
a+ b 2ab f b +_c _ 2be e+ a 2ea 'riV(2)(3)e6: sf^ + ^ + ^f^. < J - • dpcm.
>a + b +c + + b+ ej
+ , 2 e + a,
, 2 a+ bj
f^3u bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac dcu va M la l a m eiia lam giac.
7 — rnarM MMMMJT MmMMmmm
cty mnn mv p vvn Kbmng vift
B a i 28. Dirdng tr6n noi tiS'p tarn giic tiep xuc BC, CA, A B tai A,, B , , C,. G o i p. Giai
la nii'a chu v i tarn giac A|B|C|. ChuTng minh: p, <-p.
Giai
Ta c6: A B , = A C , = p - a;
BC, = B A , =p-b;
C A , = C B , = p - c. Hinh I Hinh 2
T i r d 6 suy ra: 1 Xet U'U'tfng http A A B C c6 3 goc nhxin (hinh 1) va eo mot g6c tii ( e h i n g han
B,C, = 2 ( p - a ) s i n y . (1) A > 90" - hinh 2 )

Chu y rSng du'cfng tron ngoai tiep ABC|A| chinh la dufcfng tron ngoai tiep ti?
. A ll-cosA giac BC|HA| \<S\g kinh B H . V i the ap dung djnh l i ham so sin trong tam
A p dung cong thuTc sm ^ = J ^
giac niiy ta co: A|C| = BhsinB.
Lai ap dung dinh ly ham so sin trong ABHC (vciti chu y 1^ ban kinh di/dng tron
i
1- a2_(b_c)2 /(a + b - c ) ( a + c - b )
2bc ngoai tiep ciia tam giac nay chinh la R), ta c6: B H = 2 R s i n B C H = 2 R c o s B
4bc 4bc Tir do CO A|C| = 2RsinBcosB = Rsin2B. '
(p - c ) ( p - b ) Ti/dng t i ; c(') A ; B | = Rsin2C; B i d = Rsin2A. i'''

(2)
be VI the A , B i + B,C| + C|A| = R(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C) = 4RsinAsinBsinC
(p-b)(p-c) ^ . A . B . C A B C
= 4 R . B s m — s m —sm—cos—cos—cos—
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) t a e o B,C, = 2 ( p - a ) ^ 2 2 2 2 2 2
be
^ . A . B . C
2 (a + e - b ) ( a + b - c ) = nsm—sin —sin—.p (1)
(b + c - a)
4bc
2 2 2
A B C
(chu y 1^. p = 4 R c o s Y ' - ' < ' S y C O S y ) .
b2-(c-a)' e--(a-b)' <i.iVb^
4be 2Vb^ 2 , . A . B . C)
TCf (1) suy ra p, — 4 sin — sin —sin — (2)
2 2 2
•B,C| <
b+c (3)
Theo bat d i n g thuTc lu'dng giac ct< ban trong tam giac t h i
. A B C 1
Tirdng W CO C,A, < A,B, < ^ (4) sin — sin—sin — < — . \ (3)
2 2 2 8
Cong liifng ve (2) (3) (4) suy ra dpcm. KCn hrtp (2) (3) suy ra p, < ^ P => dpcm.
Dau bang xay ra o A B C la tarn giac deu.
Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
B a i 29. Cho tarn giac A B C c6 tri/c l a m la H. G o i A,, B , , C, Ian lifdt 1^ chan b''
2. Neu A B C la tam giac vuong (chilng han tai A )
du-clng cao ke tif A, B , C va p, la nijfa chu vi cua tam giac A|B|C|.
Khi do B| = C | EE A
ChiJng m i n h rang: p, ^^P- TCr do suy ra tam giac AiB|C|

suy b i c i i thanh doan thang AA|.
B 6 i duang hpc sinh gioi Luring giac - nan nuy nrtST
Vay P I = - ( A | B , + B , C , + C , A , ) A K p - a ) s i n y + B K p - b ) s i n y + CI(p - e ) s i n ^
= i(AA| + AA|) ( d d a y B|C| = 0) 1

•+. B
1
+ -. C > ( A I + BI + C I ) l (1)
A A B C
sin cos sm cos sm cos
= AA| 2 2 2 2 2 2
Taco p = i ( A B + AC + B C ) ^ ^ p = ^ ( A B + AC + BC).
b-c a, = ^ÂKp - a ) s i n y ; a^ = ^BI.(p - b ) s i n y ; a, = ^ C I ( p - e ) s i n -

D a l A B = c, A C = h, BC = a ==> A A , =
1 u 1 u '
K h i d o pi < ^ p ^ 4bc < a" + a{b + c). (4)
Ta CO a- = b ' + c' > 2bc. (5) (khidoaibi = J A I - J ^ — ^ = V A I . A I = A I : a.b, = B I ; a^b, = C I ) ,
L a i C O b + c > 2Nybc ,
cos
2 •vtJ'dw,:
a = V b 2 + c - >x/2x/b^ Suy ra (1) dung => dpem. .
=::>a(b + c) > 2 V 2 b c > 2 b c . (6) r>.A' 1 V •> ai a-> • a-1

Dau bang xay ra o - ^ = — = -±-
Tijf (5) (6) suy ra a ' + a(b + c) > 4bc ^ (4) dung b| b, b,
T o m lai la da chiJug minh duÔc Pi < â da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam <=> A B C la lam giac dcu.
2. Thco djnh ly hiim so sin Irong lam giac B I C , ta c6;
giac d c u . . C ^ . A . B
jg g(- asm _ bsm csm
Bai 30. G o i I la tarn dicing Iron noi tiep lam giac A B C . C . B+C ^'B=—^.Ti/.ngurIC = — ^ : IA = —A
1. Chufng minh; ab + be + ca > ( A I + B I + C I ) ' . sin sm cos eos cos
2 2 2 2 2
lA.IB.IC
2. ChiJng minh:
alA^ + b I B - + c I C - Nhu-vay l A . l B . I C = abetan — l a n - l a n - . (2)
2 2 2
Thco bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta eo;
I . K e I M 1 BC, I N 1 AC, IP 1 AB.
alA' + b I B - + e I C - >3\/lAÎB'IC^ . (3)
Taco: A N = AP = p - a ;
BP = B M = p - b; Tir(2) (3) suy ra
C M = C N = p - a. lA.IB.IC 1J A B C . il'i'
T , - <^ - ; V: lKai n
l l — tKai n
l l — tKa
i ln
l — . (4)
Ta l a i c6:
alA'+bIB-+clC- ~ 3V 2 2 2
S = 2(S^p| +Sy|vl| +S(_'N|)
Lai thco ba't drlng thifc Cosi va dang ihiJc lu^dng giac ed ban Irong lam giac ihi
B
= A K p - a ) s i n y + B I ( p - b ) s i n - + CKp - c ) s i n y . ' = tan — t a n — + lan — t a n — + ian — t a n — > 3 ; ' ' / t a n ^ — l a n ^ — l a n ^ —
2 2 2 2 2 2 ~ V 2 2 2 ., •
Tif do la c6: ab + be + ca > ( A I + B I + CI)" ^ } A B C 1
( tan — t a n — t a n - < - ; = . (5)
o 2S
1
> ( A I + Bi + C I ) ' V 2 2 2 "73
sinA sinB sinC, ^hay (5) vao (4) va c6 dpem. Dau bang xiiy ra <=> A B C la lam giac deu.
•B37 91KB ^<M UF^Hg giae - rnan nuy luiai
Bai 31. Cho tam giac ABC noi tie'p trong diTcJng tron tarn O ^ sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA
1. ChiJng minh: ab + be + ca < (OA + OB + OC)^ < cos'A + cos^B + cos'C + 2cosAcosB + 2cosBcosC + 2cosCcosA
OA.OB.OC ^ cos'A + cos'B + cos'C + co.sAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCeosA
2. ChuTng minh: > . A.
aOA^ + b O B ' +cOC^ 3V3 " > sinAsinB -cosAcosB + sinBsinC - cosBcosC + sinCsinA -cosCcosA
Giai <;> cosÂ + cos^B + cos^C + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
1. Taco: > cosC + cosB + cosA. (1)
ab + bc + c a < ( O A + OB + OC)^ . SuT dung cong thuTc quen bie't
<:> 4R^(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA) < 9R' cos'A + cos'B + cos^C = 1 - 2cosAcosBcosC, nen ' ' ' ''H i?^; ^^-r: :
9 (!)<=> 1 - 2cosAcosBcosC + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
o sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < - (1)
> cosA + cosB + cosC
4
o (1 - cosA)( 1 - cosB)( I - cosC) > cosAcosBcosC (2)
Theo bat dang ihiJc Cosi va bat dang thu'c
V I ABC la tam giac nhon nen cosA, cosB, cosC deu la so difdng nen
lu'dng giac cd ban trong tam giac thi
1-cosA 1-cosB 1-cosC ,
SinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < sinÂ + sin'B + sin^C < - .
4 (2)<^ cos A•
cosB cosC >1
Vay (1) dung => dpcm. 1 - cos A 1 - c o s B 1 - c o s C
tan A tan B tan C > I
Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC la tam giac dcu. sin A sinB sinC
OA.OB.OC A B C
2. Ta c6: > o tan —tan —tan —tan AtanBtanC > I
aOA^+bOB^+cOC^ 3V3 2 2 2
R' 1 A B C
> > o tanAtanBtanC > cot—cot—cot —
2R-\sinA + sinB + sinC) ^ 3^3 ^ sinA + sinB + sinC 3>/3 2 2 2
2 A B C
<=> tan A + tanB + tanC > cot — + cot — + cot — (3)
3S 2 2 2
<=> sin A + s i n B + sinC< (2)
tanA + t a n B > 2 c o t —
Theo ba't dang thuTc lu'dng giac cd ban trong tam giac thi (2) dung => dpcm. 2
Dau bang xay ra - » ABC la tam giac dcu. Vi A, B, C la cac goc nhon, nen la c6: tanB + tanC>2cot —
Bai 32. Cho ABC la tam giac nhon v6\ la triTc tam 2
1. Chtfng minh: ab + be + ca < (HA + HB + HCf. tanC + t a n A > 2 c o t —

2
HA.HB.HC
2. Chijrng minh: < Tiir do suy ra (3) dung => dpcm.
aHA^ + b H B ' +cHC^ 3V^-
Dau bang xiiy ra <» ABC la tam giac deu.
Giai
Theo ba't dang thu'c Cosi, ta c6:
1. Taco;
HA = 2RcosA, HA.HB.HC , HA.HB.HC
<
HB = 2RcosB, aHA^ + bHB^ + cHC^ 3âbcHA^HB^HC^ A
HC = 2RcosC. HA.HB.HC 1 JHA.HB.HC
(4)
Vi the ab + be + ca < (HA + HB + HC)^ aHA^ + b H B ^ + c H C ^ -3V abc
o sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < (cosA + cosB + cosC)^
J U I aUOnS llftf aim giUI LUyny yim. - T nan tiuy niioT
. A B C
HA.HB.HC 8R\OSACOSBCOSC ^ ^ ^ abccos cos cos „ . ^
Do = ^ = cot A c o l B c o t C . (5) o 2 2 2 , R| ^ 4 A B C
a be HR^siiiAsinBsinC RI > r — > — cos — cos — cos — ,
' 3 abc R 3 2 2 2
L a i thco bat dang ihiyc Cosi (chii y do cotA > 0, cotB > 0, colC > 0)
4R
1 = colAcotB + cotBcolC + cotCcolA > 3^/(col A col Bcot C ) " p 6 la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra » A B C la lam giac d c u .
Pî 34. Cho lam giac A B C . DMiing Iron noi l i c p lam giac l i c p xtJc v d i ba canh
colAcolBcolC < (6)
2 2
a c
B C A C , A B Ian liWi lai M , N , P. ChiJng minh: >12.
' ' H A HB HC 1 ' + +
Tuf (4) (5) (6) siiy ra ^ ^ < —j= dpcm.
Giai
aHA^ + b H B - + c H C - 3V3 ^'
Ta CO A N = AP = p - a
Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac dcii. '
B M = BP = p - b
liiii 33. Goi R| la ban kinh difitng l i o n ngoai l i c p lam giac c6 ba canh la ba
dif(<ng irimg tuycn ciia lam giac A B C . Chiang minh rang: C M = C N = p - c.
Ri 4 A B C Trong lam giac can A N P , la c6
—- > — cos — COS —cos — .
R ~ 3 2 2 2 . A . A
a, = N P = 2APsin — = 2{p-a)sin
Giai
G o i A M , B N , CP la ba diTiing Iriing l i i y c n ciia l a m g i a c A B C . Vc M K // AC
= (b + c ~ a ) s i n — .
va lay M K = A N . K h i do A N K M la hinh binh h a n h .
Dc lhay APNC = A B M K => B N K la l a m g i a c c6 ba c a n h c6 do d a i bang ha . A -1 1 - cos A

T i r d o aj- = ( b + c - a ) - s i n - — r r . ( b + c-a)
dirr^ng Irung t u y c n ciia A A B C . A
Dc l h a y SHNK = - S (1) b- + c - - a"

4
= (b+ c-a) 2 be
2b- + 2 c - -a-
Ta c6: A M " - m: =
1
(b + e - a)-(a + b - c)(a + c - b)
2b- -l-2c- - ( b - + c - -2bccosA) 4 be
1
(b- - (a - c)- Ife- (a - b)^' < - ! - b - e '
4 be ' 4bc
b- + c - +2bccosA
(2) . be
a;- < — . (1)
4
V i b- + c" > 2bc, ncn iCf (2) c6: A M ' > ' - " ^ ^ ^ ^ bccos- —
a- c= 0
4 2 lîiu bang trong (1) xay r i11 <=> <=> A B C la lam giac dcu.
a - b= 0
AM>cos —Vbc. (3)
1 luan lu'ctng ur, c6:
Tu-dng lifco B N > cos — V a c : CP > c o s Y 7 a b . (4) (2)

4
AM.BN.CP AM.BN.CF ,.2 ab
Ta c6: R, — (5) (3)
4S,' B N K 3S 4
T i r ( 3 ) (4) (5) suy ra '^'ui K i n g xay ra trong (2) va (3) o A B C la lam giac d c u .
^ hco bat dang IhiJc Cosi, la eo:
,13 a+ c IC a+ b
Ti^t^ng t i ; — =
a c (4)
+ +
>33
4 a 4-b + c a+ b+ c
lA.IB.IC (b + c)(c + a)(a + b)
a^b^c^ V i vay (1)
Tilf(l)(2) (3)tac6: >64. (5) (a + b + cr
Theo bat dang thuTc Cosi, thi
2 2
a ^ b^ C b+ ^ a+ c ^ a+ b ^ /(b + c)(c + a)(a + b)
Thay (5) vao (4) va c6: >12.
,^1.
+ + — a+ b+ c a -) b + c a+ b+ c (a + b + c)-^
D 6 la dpcm. Tir lap luan trcn suy ra dau bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac dcu, (b + c)(c + a)(a + b)
.8>27- (2)
B a i 35. Cho tam giac nhpn A B C . G o i H la triTc tam tam giac. (a + b + c)-^
. , HA.HB.HC ^ 8 Ti/(l)(2)suyra i ^ ^ l ^ < ^ dpcm.

Chirngmmh: < — 27
KKK 27
Giai DsTu bang xay ra dc thay khi va chi khi A B C la tam giac d c u .
Shan xet:
Ta c6:
Ncu G la Irpng tam lam giac A B C , Ihl
H A = 2RcosA; H B = 2RcosB; HC = 2RcosC.
2 2
L a i c6: h , = 2RsinBsinC; h , = 2RsinCsinA; h, = 2RsinAsinB.
GA.GB.GC m,, m,.
.3 '' -•^ ] 3 'J
,^ HA.HB.HC / 8
V i the < — m,m„m^ 27
lv,h,h, 27
Lilc nay bat dang ihiJc triV thanh dang thiJc.
SR^cosAcosBcosC ^ 8
<:=> — —< Uai 37. Cho tam giac A B C va goi A , , B,, C, la chan ba du^cing cao cua tam giac
8R\sinAsinBsinC)- " 27 Ian lu-dt kc tir A , B, C. Chiang minh S < p,R, ('j day p, la nii'a chu v i tam giac
o 27cosAcosBcosC < 8(sinAsinBsinC)' (1) ^ A|B,C,.
R6 rang (1) dung => dpcm. Giai
Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac d c u . X c l cue iru'cJng help sau: i;4;
B a i 36. Cho tam giac A B C . G o i I la l a m diTcfng Iron noi tiep tam giac. Ncu A B C la lam giac nhpn.
lA.lB.IC ^ 8 Goi H la tri/c tam lam giac.
ChijTng m m h rang: <
27 => AC|HB| lij tijr giac noi l i c p difctng iron
Giai 'lu'tJng kinh A H . A p dung dinh l i ham so
K c A H va I K cung vuong goc BC. ^"1 trong tam giac A B i d , ta c6:
IK ID îC, = AHsinA.
Thco dinh l i T a l c l , la c6:
AH AD Tu-Png i i f c o :
/.. - l A ^ i A | = BHsinB; A|B, = CHsinC.

Tfr do
"a H K D
s
P | H = - - - ( R s i n A . A H + R s i n B . B H + R.sinC.CH)
_p_ = 1 - l A lA ^ j__a_^2p-a b+ c
2S 2p 2p a+ b+ c = - ( A H . B C + BH.AC + CH.AB)
4
= i A H ( B A , +A,C)+ iBH(AB, +B,C)+ i c H ( A C , +C,B)
Qua A , B, C ve Ian lu^dt ba dirdng thang Wdng u-ng vuong g6c l A , I B , IC. Ba
d\idng nay cat nhau l a i X , Y , Z (xem hinh ve).
= •^•'ÂBH + | S A C H +4^BCH + ^ S A B H + - ^ A C H + 2^BrH =S
Goi R la ban kinh ddiTdng tron ngoai tie'p A X Y Z .
Nhir vay Irong triTc^Jng hdp nay xay ra da'u bSng trong ba'l dang thiJc.
f heo djnh l i ham so sin trong A X Y Z , la c6:
2. N c u A B C lii tarn giac c6 goc tij (chiing han A > 90") YZ ZX XY
sinX = sinY: sinZ =
Dc Ihii'y ban kinh difdng tron ngoai ticp tarn giac H B C bring R. 2R 2R 2R
Do H B C la tarn giac c6 ba gi)c nhon,- H V i X + a = Y + p = Z + y = 180"
ncn thco phan 1, ta c6: SHUC = P i R . YZ . , ZX . . XY
('•f day pi l i i nufa chu v i tarn giac A | B | C | . => sm(v = ; smp = va sin-y =
2R 2R 2R
Ro rang SHiic> SADC = > S < piR
Vay bat dang ihiJc can chiJng minh c6 dang ti/dng du'dng sau:
V i i y bat dang thiifc dung trong triTctng hdp niiy. ^
MA.YZ + MB.ZX + MC.XY > lA.YZ + IB.ZX + IC.XY (1)
3. N c u A B C la tarn giac vuong tai A
Chi CO hai kha nang sau c6 ihe xay ra:
Khi do A A | B | C | suy bicn thiinh doan thang A A , . K h i do
1. Neu M nam ben Irong A X Y Z
p, = i ( A , B , + A , C , + B , C | ) Goi h,, h j , h i Ian lu'dt lii khoang
each luT M xuong Y Z , X Z , X Y
= i ( A , A + A | A + ()) = A | A
Ro riing ta c6:
1
^ ^M , „ AA,.BC _ MA>h|,MB>h2, MC>hj.
Ta CO R = , n c n P|R = = S TCr do ^
2 2 M A . Y Z + M B . Z X + M C . X Y > h | . Y Z + h^.ZX + h , . X Y
V a y xiiy ra dii'u bang trong ba'l dilng thiJc. => M A . Y Z + M B . Z X + M C . X Y > 2SXYZ • (2)
T o m lai ta luon c6 S < piR. Dau bang xay ra o A B C l i i tarn giac khong c" Ro rang l A . Y Z + I B . Z X + I C . X Y = 2SXYZ. (3)
goc til. Tilf (2) (3) suy ra (1) dung. Da'u bang xiiy ra c:> M = I .
B a i 38. Cho tarn giac A B C vii goi A A , , B B , , CC, lii ba diTdng trung tuycn cua - Ncu M nam ngoai tam giac X Y Z
lam giac. G o i p, lii niVa chu vi tam giac A | B | C | . Chufng minh: S < piR. L i luan nhu" phan 1/ la c6:
Giai A MA.YZ + MB.ZX + MC.XY
T a c o : p, = ^ ^ P|R-=-^. - 2(SMY/. + SMZY + SMXY) > 2SxYz-
îido suy ra (1) dung vii khong c6 dii'u bang.

Nhir da bict R > 2r => p y > pr = S
^»'> lii dpcm. Dii'u bang xiiy ra M =I.
40. Chu-ng minh rhng neu A B C lii tam giac nhon thi
TCr do suy ra S < piR => dpcm
A B B C
Dii'u bang xiiy ra <=> A B C lii tam giac dcu ( v i khi do R = 2r). -nacosA + bcosB + cco.sC) < (a + b + c) .sin — + sin — + sin —
B a i 39. Cho tam giiic A B C vii I l i i mot d i e m nam trong lam giac. D a l B I C = ' I 2 2 2
Giai
A l C = p, A I B = y. Chu-ng minh r i n g vcHi moi v i t r i ciia M n ^ m trong
1 la i r i r c t a m A A B C
phang chiJa lam giac A B C ta c6:
T^'ico B I C = 180"~ A => I A s i n B I C = I A s i n A
M A s i n a + M B s i n P + MCsiny > l A s i n a + IBsinP + ICsiny.
'-'c thiiy theo cac bai iren (do I la IriTc l a m A A B C )
Cty TISHH nrv DVVn Khang VJ^t
ncn lA = 2RcosA
=> lAsin BIC = 2R sin ACQS A = acos A hay (a + b + c) . A . B C
s m — + sm — + sin —
Lap luan tiTdng tif c6: 2 2 2J
IBsinAIC = bcosB; ICsin AIB = ccosC > 3 (b + c - a ) s i n A + (a + c - b ) s i n ^ + (a + b - c ) s l n -
(3)
Ap dung bai 39 vc'ti diem I noi Ircn va Tu- (2) (3) suy ra dpcm
a = BIC; p = AIC ; Y = AIB , con lay Diiu bang xay ra o A = B = C o ABC la lam giac deu.
M la lam diTctng Iron noi tiep AABC. • M=I
Theo bai 39, la to: Bai 41. ChuTng minh rang irong moi lam giac ABC, la co:
MAsina + MBsinP + MCsiny > IAsina + IBsinP + ICsiny (1) m^ cos YA + m^ c o s yB + m^. ' ^ I ' SC^ > —(a
3 + ,b + c).
A A
Ta c6: MasinA = 2MA.sin — cos—.
2 2 Giai ^
^ p-a . A A , . A Goi I la lam di/cJng Iron noi tie'p ABC va G la trong tam AABC
Do MA = ——-, A ncn MasinA = 2-—-sm —cos—= (b + c - a)sin — Ap dung bai 39 vdi diem I va M = G.
cos
cos:
Khi do a = BIC = I80" - = 9()" + - => sina = cos - .
Vi sinA = sin BIC - sina. ncn
Vay lAsina = l A c o s y
MAsina = (b + c - djsin —
Q = AP = AN = p - a .
Tu'dng lU" IBsinP = p - c; ICsiny = p - c.
Tirdng lirMBsinp = (a + c - b ) s i n y , Theo bai 39 la c6: B
C A B C
G A c o s y + GBcos — + GCcosy > I Asina + IBsinP + ICsiny
MCsiny = (a + b - c)sin y .
A B r
Vi ihe lird) c6: >(p-a) + (p-b) + (p-c) = p
(b + c - a ) s i nAy + (a + c - Bb)sin— + (a C+ b - c)sin — m^ c o s y + m,, c o s - + c o s -
> acosA + bcosB + ccosC. => m., cos— + m,, cos— + m^^^ cos— > —(a + b + c) => dpcm.
2 2 2 4
Khong giam long qual c6 ihe gia si5f A > B > C => a > b > c Dau bang xay ra o G = I <=> ABC la lam giac deu.
. A^ . B^ . C 42. Cho lam giac nhon ABC. Cac diem X, Y, Z theo ihi? liT thuoc cac canh
sm — > sm— > sm —
2' 2~ 2 ^PjpC, CA, AB. Chu-ng minh:
b + c - a < a + c - b < a + b - c. 2(YZcosA + ZXcosB + XYcosC) > BCcosA + CAcosB + AbcosC.
Theo ba'l dang ihifc Trebdsep, thi Giai 5^
f . A . B . C (b + c - a) + (a + c - b) + (a + b - c) rang ba di/dng Iron ngoai tiep cac AAZY, BZX va CXY dong quy tai
s m — h s m — + sm —, 'liem T trong lam giac.
2 2 2j
A B Cioi O va R la lam va ban kinh di/dng Iron ngotii tiep AABC. Goi Ri, R2< ^ 3
> 3 (b + c - a)sin —2 + (a + c - b)sin -2 + (a + b - c)sin •an liTdt h"i ban kinh cac diTdng Iron ngoai tiep csic AAZY, BZX va CXY.
B 6 i duang ln>c s i n h g i o i L u ^ n g g i d c — fhan Huy Kbal
Giai
Y Z = 2 R , s i n A ; Z X = 2R2sinB; X Y = 2R3sinC
Gia suT ba di/dng tr6n ngoai tiep ba tam
Do vay 2 ( Y Z c o s A + ZXcosB + XYcosC)
giac A Y Z , B Z X , C X Y cat nhau tai O.
= 2(R|Sin2A + R2sin2B + R,,sin2C). (1) Gpi R|, R 2 , R 3 Ian li/dt la ban kinh cua
R6 rang 2R, > T A ; 2R2 > T B ; 2R, > T C cac di/dng tron tren.
va do A B C la tarn giac nhon nen sin2A . Theo djnh ly ham so' sin thi
> 0; sin2B > 0; sin2C > 0, v i tjie ta c6: Y Z = 2R|SinA>OAsinA
VT(I) (do sinA > 0, 2R| > O A )
> T A s i n 2 A + T B s i n 2 B + TCsin2C. (2) YZ ÔAsinA A

Tir do > — = 20Acos—
R6 rang ta c6: sin A sin -
. A
2 2
2 A = BOC, 2B = A O C , 2C = A O B
ZX R YV
D o vay tir (2) c6: L a p luan lifdng tu" c6: > 20Bcos--
B - 2' . C
> 20c cos-.
sin
V T (1) > T A s i n B O C + TBsin A O C + TCsin A O B (3)
sin-^
2 2
NhU" vay ta c6:
A p dung bai 39 v d i I = O, M = T, la c6:
YZ ZX XY ^ A B C
a = BOC, p = AOC, Y = AOB ^ > 2 OA cos — + OB cos - + OC cos—
B• + 2 2 2j (1)
sin sin sin
T A s i n 2 A + TBsin2B + TCsin2C
2
> 0 A s i n 2 A + 0 B s i n 2 B + OCsin2C (4) A . B+C
Ta co:
Ta l a i c6: c o s — = s i n — - — = sinBIC = sina
0 A s i n 2 A + 0 B s i n 2 B + OCsin2C B . C+A .
cos — = sm = sin A I C = sinp
= R2sinAcosA + R2sinBcosB + R2sinCcosC 2
C A + B
= acosA + bcosB + ccosC (5) c o s — = sin = s i n A I B = siny.
Tir (4) (5) suy ra 2 2
cf day I la tam diTdng tron noi tiep A A B C .
T A s i n 2 A + TBsin2B + TCsin2C > acosA + bcosB + ccosC (6)
A p dung bai 39 v d i M H O, la c6:
T i r ( l ) ( 3 ) { 6 ) di den
O A s i n a + OBsinp + OCsiny > l A s i n a + IBsinp + ICsiny
2(YZcosA + ZXcosB + XYcosC) > BCcosA + CAcosB + ABcosC
A B
TA = 2R =^ 2 O A c o s — + O B c o s - + O C c o s - > 2 ( I A s i n a + IBsin3 + ICsin'^f) (2)
l 2 2 2J
TB = 2R2
dpcm. D a u bang xay ra <=> o X, Y, Z Ian li/dt la trung diem Do l A s i n a = I A c o s — = A P = p - a.
TC = 2R3 2
T = 0 TiTdng lir IBsinP = p - b; ICsiny = p - c
cua BC, A C , A B . Tir do va tu'(2) suy ra

Bai 43. Cho tarn giac nhon A B C . X, Y, Z lifdng iJng la ba d i e m tren ba canh OA cos — + OB cos - + OC cos -
YZ ZX XY 2 2 2J
AC, A B . Chu-ng m i n h : ^ > a + b + c.
A B C ^ 2I(p - a) + (p - b) + (p - c)J = a + b + c
sm sin sin -
2 Tir(i)(3)suyradpcm.
B a i 44. Cho lam giac nhon A B C . Cac diem X , Y , Z iheo Ihu" liT lhay d o i Iren cac
Theo phan d^ng thtfc lu-^ng giac irong tarn giac), ta c6;
canh BC, C A , A B . Xac dinh v i i r i cua X , Y , Z de chu v i lam giac X Y Z be
nha't va hay l i m gia i n be nhat do. (1)
Giai Ta c6: x = A H = —.
Goi ( O i ; R:), (O2; R2), (O3; R 3 ) tiTdng i?ng la diTttng Iron ngoai tiep cac lam A
Ian -
giac A Z Y , B Z X va C X Y . Dc lhay ba discing Iron nay dong quy lai diem T 2
chang han. Tu-c^ng ly:
Goi H la iriTc lam A A B C . > A ji, h
Theo ciic bai Iren la c6: y =
Z Y > T A s i n A = TAsinBHC (1)
Z X > T B s i n B = TBsinAHC (2) . A B B C . C A

Ian tan tan tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2
X Y > T C s i n C = TC,sinAHB (3)
Ap dung bat dang thu-c Bunhiacopski v d i :
Da'u bang c6 irong (1) (2) (.3) o T A = 2R|, T B = 2R:, TC = 2R3
a, = a, :
A p dung bai 39 vc'ii 1 = H, M = T, la c6: A B" a, =
tan tan B C' ' , C A
tan Ian tan tan
T A sm B H C + T B sin A H C + TC sin A H B 2 2 I 2 2 2 2
T i r d ) (2) (3) (4) di den

> HAsinBHC + HBsinAHC + HCsinAHB (4)
b, = t a n A t a n | ; b^ = yLAti^; b3=ân|tanA,
TxY/> HAsinBlTc + HBsinAHC + HCsinAHB. (5) viidcyla bl + hl + hj = l.

Da'u bang Irong (5) xay ra o c6 dau bang Irong (1) (2) (3) va T = H
khi do la c6 xy + y / + zx > [sjr^ + yfr^ + ^f^\) •
(2)
X, Y, Z tu'dng rfng la chan cac dirdng cao kc lif
Tu" (1) (2) suy ra xy + yz + zx > r" (3)
A, B , C .
Lai CO (x + y + z)" > 3(xy + yz + zx) (4)
Delhay H A s i n B H C ' = Rsin2A ,
Ke'l hcJp (3) (4) ta ihu diTdc x + y + z > r\/3 => dpcm. f
H A s i n B H C = Rsin2A ,
Dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu.
^ V P (5) = R(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C) = 4RsinAsinBsinC.
'âi 46. Cho lam giac nhon A B C . G o i A H , B I , C K la ba diTcJng cao va A L , B M ,
Vay m i n T x Y z = 4R sin Asia BsinC o X, Y, Z Ian liTdl la chan cac du-iJng
CN la ba irung luyen. Giii siir A L n B I = P, B M n C K = Q, C N n A H = R.
cao ke liT A, B , C.
^huTng minh rhng: A P , B Q CR
>6.
B a i 45. Du'ctng Iron noi lie'p lam giac A B C lie'p xuc v d i ba canh BC, A C , AB
PL QM RN
lu'dng uTng lai M , N , P. Ve cac duTlng Iron noi liep cac lam giac cong ANP.
Giai
BPN va C M N . G o i H , I , K lu'dng iJng la cac liep d i e m ciia cac du^dng iron
dung dinh ly M e n e l a u y l trong A A L C ,
nay vdi AP, B M , C N , D a l A H = x, B l = y, C K = /, vii goi r la ban kinh diTc^ng ^^''i cat tuyen B P L la c6:
Iron noi liep A A B C . Chiang minh: x + y + /. > x-J^ . LBa AP
Giai lA PL"
Goi ri, r:, r, liTdng iJng la difcfng Iron noi liep cac lam giiic cong A N P , BPM
= 2
va C M N . Be 2 ^ l A PL
B6t du6ng hyc minh gidl JAfpng giac - nan wmy mmr MIIMMMM 1
c(b + c)cosA c(b + c)cosA

AP ^ 2 . ' ^ (1)
PL IC bc( 1 + cos A) - c(b + c) cos A be + be cos A - be cos A - e^ cos A
, lA BIcotA cot A e(b + e)eosA
Lai CO — = — = —• (2)
IC BIcotC cotC e(b — ccosA)
AP ^cotA b^+e^-a^
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) s u y ra — = 2 — — (3) (b + c)
PL cotC 2bc (b + c)(b^+c^-a^)
(2)- SlSi^rl
cotB b^+c^-a^ c(a^+b^-c2)
Tifdng tir — ^ = 2 ^ ^ = 2 ^ ( 4 ) b-c
QM ^ c o t A ' RN cotB 2bc
Tir (3) (4) va theo bat dang thufc Co si, ta c6: Lap luan tiTcIng tifco:
CR BQ (c + a ) ( c ^ + a ' - b ^ ) CP (a + b ) ( a ^ + b ^ - c ^ )
(5) (3)
PL QM RN cotC cot A cotB QM a(b^+e'-a') RN b(a^ +e^ - b ^ )
Do la dpcm. TiJf (2) (3) va theo bat dang thii'e Cosi, ta c6:
AP BQ CR AP ^ BQ ^ CP ^^^foTf b)(b + e)(c + a)"
Dau bang trong (5) '^'^y ''^ <^ = ^ (4)
RN PL QM RN ~ V abe
cot A cotB cotC Lai theo ba't dang thu'e Cosi thi
cotC cot A cotB a + b > lÎab; b + c > zVbe; e + a > lyfca.yjs
<=> ABC la tarn giac deu. AP RO CP
Tur (4) (5) suy ra — - + — ^ + — > 6 => dpcm.
Bai 47. Cho tam giac nhon ABC. Goi A H , B I , CK la ba chieu cao va A L , BM, PL QM R N ~
CN la ba diTdng phan giac trong. Gia suf A L n B I = P, B M n CK = Q, CN n Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC la tam giac deu.
. , AP BQ CP Bai 48. Cho tam giac nhon ABC. Goi AH, BI, CK la ba diTdng phan giac va A L ,
A H = R. Chtfng minh: — +
PL QM + RN > 6 BM, CN la ba diTdng cao. Gia suT A L n BI = P, B M n CK = Q, CN n A H =
Giai
R. Chi?ng minh; +^ +^ >6
AP AP PL QM RN ~
Ta co: (1)
PL /a-AP Giai
A Theo tinh chat eiia du'dng phan giac trong, ta c6:
2bccos
AI ccos A AP _ AB _ 1
Do AP = /., =•
A ' A" b+c PL ~ BL ~ cosB •
cos - cos —
2 2 BQ 1 CR 1
Tu-cJng tu-
nen tiT (1) c6: • QM eosC RN cos A
ccos A
A T t r d 6 ^ ^ ^ = . ' (1)
cos - (b + c)ccosA PL QM RN cos A cos B cos C
AP 2
A Do ABC la tam giac nhon va theo ba't dang thufc lifrtng giac ecJ ban trong tam
AL 2 be cos—
ccosA 2bccos^ c(b + c)cosA giae ta c6:
.2_
A" 2
b+ c 0 < cosAcosBcosC < - >8
cos— 8 cos A cos B cos C
Giai
AP BQ CR
>8 . (2) faco: A A ' h „ = 2RsinB.sinC
PL QM RN
hh = 2RsinCsinA
. . . AP BQ CR . ^ /AP BQ CR
Thco bat dang thi'rc Cos., th,
PL
— + QM
— + RN
—>^ ^ f e ^ ^ (3) h, = 2R.sinAsinB.
Laico: AA" = h^. < 2R
Til (2) (3) suy ra dpcm.
JhJ^ < 2RVsinBsinC < R(sinB + sinC) "1 V
Da'ii bang xay ra • » ABC la lam giac deu.
b+c
/
Bai 49. Cho tam giac nhon ABC. Goi AH, pi, CK la ba dir^Jng irung luycn va AL, JKK< (1)
BM, CN la ba difttng cao. Gia siir AL n BI = P, BM n CK = Q, CN n AH = R.
AP Trfdngtifco: ,Jh^^<~^, (2)
ChiJng minh: PL QM RN
h'. a+b
^/hX< . (3) .
Giai
Ap dung dinh ly Mcnclauyl Irong AALC cal luycn BPI, la c6: Cong tufng ve (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm.
LB CI AP Dau bang xay ra o ABC la lam giac deu. ' '
= 1
BC lA PL m^n xet:
CI , APLB 1. Xel bai loan lu^dng liT khi lhay AA', BB', C C la cac du-^ng phan giac.
Vi = 1
LB PL BC Ki hieu 4', l^, ll lu-dng liT nhiT Irong bai Iren. Khi do la cung c6 bcfl dang ihu'c:
AP BC a
PL LB ccosB
BQ b CP That vay la co AABA' ^ AAA"C
c
Tu-cJng lir va AB _ A A / c _ 4
QM acosC RN bcosA
1 A A " ~ AC Î~h
AP BQ CP
Tij" do la c6: (1)
PL QM RN cos A cos B cos C =>hc= U'
Thco bal dang ihu'c Cosi, la c6:
AP BQ CR 'AP BQ CR
^/S:=^/^<^. (1)
>33 (2)
PL • QM RN ^ V PL QM RN c+a
(2)
2
Thco ba'l dang ihiTc lu"rtng giac C(t ban Irong lam giac, ihi
a+b
(3) (3)
0 < cosAcosBcosC < - .
X
'Ông tirng ve (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm.
(do ABC la lam giac nhon)
1^ I^Su bang xay ra cx> ABC la lam giac deu.
Tir (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm. Dau bang xiiy ra <=> ABC la A deu.
^1- Cho tam giac ABC vdi ba du-ttng irung luyen A A ' , BB', C C . AA', BB',
IJai 50. Cho lam giac ABC npi licp Irong dufdng Iron. Cac du-clng cao AA', BB'-
keo dai cat du'dng Iron ngoai licp AABC Ian \mi lai A", B", C".'"
C C Wdng iJng kco dai cfil dyctng Iron ngoai licp lai A", B", C".
•^'hieu A A " = m;;; B B " = m;,; CC'=. m^,. ChiTng minh:
Dal AA" = h',; BB" = h|,; CC" = h^. ChiJng minh:
JKK+JKK+^ <2p. + h b < + fiv< > 2P-

cif rmtin MTV ovvti miang vi^t
Giai
Giai
cq + br
Ta c6: A ' A . A ' A " = A ' B . A ' C - f a c6: x>
1. a
ax > c q + b r j
^ A'A" =
4AA' 4m„ <^ x s i n A > q s i n C + r s i n B
^ x'sinÂ > q ' s i n ' C + r s i n ' B + 2qrsinBsinC. (1)
AA" = m, + 2m. G o i P, Q. R la h i n h c h i e u c u a M l e n B C , C A , AB
4m., 4m a.
A p d u n g d j n h l y h a m so' sin t r o n g
b^+c^
m,m, = tam g i a c A R Q va e h i i y la t a m g i a c ••'^r^y
ARQ va li? g i a c A R M Q c6 chung R / V

c^+a^ a^+b^
L a p l u a n tiTdng W aV. m ^ m j , = — r — • m,m,, - di/dng tron ngoai tie'p c6 du'dng
k i n h la M A = x , k h i d o la c 6 : P
"1
RQ = xsinA. (2) p
Tur d o ^/nvK + \l'^h^h + J^.'^'c - ^
A p d u n g d i n h l y h a m so c o s i n t r o n g A M R Q va c 6 :
b^+c^^ ( b + c)^ a+ b Q R ' = r^ + q ' - 2 r q c o s R M Q

Ta c6: => Q R - = r ' + q^ + 2 r q c o s A . (3)
T h a y ( 2 ) ( 3 ) v a o ( l ) va c 6 :
R' + q " + 2 r q c o s A > q ' s i n ' C + r'^sin'B + 2 q r s i n B s i n C , h a y

r^cos'B + q ' c o s ' C - 2 r q c o s B c o s C > 0
T t f d o v i i tir ( 1 ) suy l a ^ " V " ! + V " ' ' b " i b + \f"K^K > 2 p => d p c m .
(do c o s A = - c o s ( B + C ) = s i n B s i n C - c o s B c o s C )
Dafu b a n g x a y ra k h i va c h i k h i A B C la t a m g i a c d c u . => ( r c o s B - q c o s C ) ' > 0. (4)
Nhgit xet: V i (4) h i e n n h i e n d i i n g n e n suy ra d p c m .
K c t h(Jp b a i 5 0 , 5 1 , la c 6 k c t q u a " l i i h u " sau: - U l u a n tu'dng l i f nhu" p h a n 1/ c 6 :
ar + c p aq + b p
y>- z>
B a i 52. ( B a i loan Paul Edos)
Cho lam giac A B C . M lii m o l d i e m l i o n g l a m giac. D a t M A = x, M B = K c t h((p vc'ii p h a n 1/ x > -HHjti!!^ ta c 6 : x + y + z> 2(p + q + r ) .
a
M C = /,. G o i p , q , r la k h o a n g e a c h iii M d e n c a c csinh B C , A C , A B iif^'"*
Bat d a n g thu'c P a u l E d o s diTdc chiifng m i n h .
urng
Eât R A M =a, MAQ =(1
1. C h t f n g m i n h : x > ^ . •^hi do ta c 6 :
a
.__rjf q _ x ( s i n ( v + sin3)
2. Chufng m i n h : x + y + / > 2 ( p + q + r ) ( B a ' l d ^ n g thtfc P a u l E d o s ) .
'" + 2x + q x ( s i n < \ 3 + 2)
3. Chiang m i n h :
„ . A tt-(3
q + r . ^ _ _ L + P _ ^ _ J l ± 3 _ 2 ( a p + b q + cz) I'M; 1
2 2
ctyjmnn nrvown Khang y/ft
B S I du6ng hpc minh gkil Luong gl^ - " t o n nay Khal
. A . B . C
•+ - +• >9 (12)
Ta c6: B sin h s i n — h sin —
sin sin- sin- 2 2 2 1
2)
J , Acos^^ < 1+ sin4. ( 4 ) suy ra
2 2 .2
V i sin Y + s i u y + s i n y < ^ , n e n tilf ( 1 2 ) co.'
r + q 1
•<1- (5)
r + 2x + q 1 +sin 1
>6 . (13)
sin sin sin-
D a u b a n g x a y ra t r o n g ( 5 ) o a = P « M A la p h a n g i a c c u a g o c A 2 2
T i r ( 5 ) v a l a p l u a n tiTdng tiT ta d i d e n D a u b i i n g t r o n g ( 1 3 ) x a y ra c=> A B C la t a m g i a c d e u
1 1 1
r + q ^ r+ p ^ _ P + q_ -+-
- < 3 -
A • B C TLr(ll),(13)suy ra >1 (14)
r + 2x + q r + 2y + p p + 2/, + q 1 + sin 1 + sin ^ 1 + sin [q + r r + p p + qj
2 2 •„„ 2
Da'u b a n g t r o n g ( 1 4 ) x i i y ra « d o n g th(Ji c6 da'u b a n g t r o n g ( 1 1 ) , (13)
D a u bring trong ( 6 ) x a y ra o M la tarn diTdng Iron noi tiep A A B C
<=> A B C la l a m g i a c d e u .
T h e o bat d^ng thiJc C o si, ta c 6 :
Bay g i t U i r d O ) , (14) d i d e n
1 , . C
1 1+ sin-
+
i +sin- 1 +sin — r + q
- + r + p I P+ q ^ 1
A ' B , . C
r + 2x + q r + 2y + p p + 2/, + q ~ 3 q+r • +r •+ p + •p + q
i+sin ^ + ^'"2 ^"'•^'"o
D o la d p c m . Da'u b a n g x a y ra <=> A B C la t a m g i a c d e u .
T h c o b a t d a n g thuTc liTdng g i a c e d b a n t r o n g t a m g i a c t h i
4. T r o n g t a m g i a c A M P , la c 6 :
A . B . C ^ 3
s i n y + s i n — + sin — < - AM + MP>AP
=> X + p > A P
A . B . C^9
=> 3 + s i n — h s i n — + sin—<-. (8). =^x + p > h „ (15)
2 2 L 2.
Da'u b i l n g x a y ra o A , M , P lhang hang
1 1
-+ • >2. (9) I
T i r ( 7 ) ( 8 ) d i den T i r ( 1 5 ) CO ax + ap > a h , (16)
A ' B . . C
1 + sin 1+sin 1+ sin,
2 2 2 L a p l u t l n tU'dng tii" c6 b y + bq > bhh (17)
c/ + c r > c h , (IK)
Ttr(6),(9)suyra:
J±iL_ + _JjtiL_
— — . - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
+ _ P ± ^ 6S
= > a x + b y + c / + 2S > 6S "i
Da'u b h n g t r o n g ( 1 0 ) x a y ra o A B C la t a m g i a c dC-u v a M la l a m c u a n o .
=> ax + b y + c/, > 4S
1
1 X
L a i c6: = ; : 7^ A a - 3 > => ax + b y + c/, > 2 ( a p + b q + c r ) .
q + r sma+sm^^ 2 sin cos 2 sin-
^6 la d p c m .
2 2 D a u b a n g x a y ra <=> d o n g t h i i i eo da'u b i i n g x a y ra I r o n g ( 1 6 ) ( 1 7 ) (18)
T i r do b a n g lap luan tiTdng tiT, ta c 6 : o M Ifi triTc t a m A A B C va A B C la t a m g i a c n h o n .

> i (11) "^Hn xet: Ba't d a n g ihu'c Paul Edos la l o n g q u a t . DiTc'ti d a y la se x c m x e t cac
1 A . B ' . C
[q + r r+ p p + q) " 6
sin 2 ^'"2 ""2 J 'ru'C^ng h a p r i e n g dele b i e t c i i a n o va d i n h i e n la q u a n t a m d e n v i c e : Trong
^•'1c irirCtng hcJp r i e n g t h i chuTng m i n h b a t d a n g ihu'c P a u l E d o s c 6 t h i f c si/ la
Da'u b ^ n g t r o n g ( 1 1 ) x a y ra o M la t a m diTclng I r o n n o i t i e p A A B C .
^<'n g i a n h a y k h o n g ?
cty Tram nrrv D vvn Kbang vi^t
4 Xet khi m = H, d day H 1^ trifc tarn tarn giac nhon ABC '
1. X c l khi M = G, cl day G la trong tarn AABC
Luc nay ta c6: x = HA = 2RcosA
Khi do X = MA = y = HB = 2RcosB .>h^.. *•
2 2 /. = HC = 2RcosC,
y = M B = —mu; z = MC = - m „ ' p = HP = 2RcosBcosC; q = HQ = 2RcosCcosA; r = HR = 2RcosAcosB.
' Do cosA + cosB + cosC ' >
n = MP = - h -0 = -hu; r= - h , . > 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA)
3 3 3
X + y + z > 2(p + q + r) => dpcm.
Luc nay x + y + z > 2(p + q + r)
Shan xet: NhiT vay trong cac iru'cJng hdp dac biet trdn, viec chiJng minh bat
2 2
dSng thiJc X + y + z > 2(p + q + r) hien nhien la ngan gon (so vdi tri/dng hdp
tdng qucit). Do la dicu blnh ihudng va hdp le ti/ nhien.
+ m b + m , > h , + h b + h, (19)
liai 53. Cho tam gidc ABC. M la mot diem bat ki trong lam giac. Dat M A = x,
Ro r^ng (19) la dung => dpcm. MB = y, MC = z. K i hieu p, q, r nhiTlrong bî 52. ChuTng minh:
2. Xct khi M = I , d day I 1^ lam di/dng tr6n noi tiep AABC
p +q+r> 2
Khi do X = lA = -,y = : I B -
sin- sin-
sin- 2 2 Giai
Goi A | , B,, C| Ian liTdt la hinh chieu cua M xuong BC, CA, AB
p = q = r = ri,
Trong moi trU'dng hdp (A < 90" ho&c
('} day r, la ban kinh difttng iron noi licp tarn giac
A > 90") Irong liJ giac noi tiep
Ta c6: x + y + / = r. B . C AC,MB: (hoac ABiC.M) ta deu c6:
sin^ sm^ sin^- B|C| = MasinA
(hoac B|C| = MAsin(7i - A) = MasinA)
Thco bal dang thuTc Cosi, thl
=> B|C| = MAsinA = xsinA.
C - A . B . C - 3 Tu'dng lif A | C | = ysinB; CiA| = zsinC

~ A ^ . B sin^ sin ^ + s i n ^ + s i n ^ ^
sin 2 sin ^ Trong AA|B|C| la c6: M A , = p; MB, = q; MC, = r.
Ke M H l B i C . T a c o :
. A
do sin
2
—h . B
sin — I
2
-
. C^3
sin — < —
2 ~2J
M H = MB, sin HB?M = MB, sinCÂM
Tif do X + y + /. > 6ri => x + y + / > 2(p + q + r) dpcm. = MB,

MA
3. X c l khi M = O, d day O la lam di/t5ng Iron ngoai licp AABC
Ta c6: x = y = z = R A =.MH=^.
p = RcosA: q = RcosB; r = RcosC.

TiTdng tif khoang each luf M xuong A,Ci la ^ va lir M xuong AjBr la
Vay 2(p + q + r) = 2R(cosA + cosB + cosC)
y z
<2R.-=3R Ap dung bat dang thuTc Paul Edos vdi AA,B|C| la c6:
2
=> 2(p + q + r) < X + y + / => dpcm. P+ q + r> 2 dpcm.
BOI ai/img hpc sinJi glOl vuyug QiiiV - rnan ituj mmr
Cty Timn nTVDVVHKhang Vlft
Bai 54. Cho tam giac ABC vdi a > b > c npi tiep trong difdng tron tam O. Goi x, pai 1. Xet tam giac A ' B ' C c6 ba canh la m„, m^, m,. Goi m'^,m'^,m'^ la ba
y, z la khoang each ttr mot diem M Ircn diTdng tron a'y tdi ba canh BC, C A ,
A\Sbng trung tuyen ciia A A ' B ' C . Khi do ta co:
A B liTdng iJng. ChiJng minh: S = - + - + - > 4 c o t ^ . / 3 , 3 , 3 3
X y z 2 ma = 4 a - " ^ b = - h , m , = - c , S ^ , 3 , c ' = 4 S .
Giai Giai
Goi M la diem thuoc cung BC va goi H, I , J Ian lu'dt la chan cac dicing Chitng minh: hien nhien (qua hinh ve sau)
vuong goc ke tu" M xuong AB, BC, CA tu^dng iJ-ng. Gia suf K la diem trcn (NQ // BC; MQ // BN
BAC sao cho AB = KC (do cac gia thict a > b > c). va AAMQ chinh la lam P.
giac nhan m,,, m^, m,. la
Gia sur M K n BC = L
b BL ba canh).
Vi AABM ^ AACM => - = (1)
V X Bai 2. Trong moi tam giac, ta co: 4m,R > b^ + c'
c CL A
Vi ACLM ^ AABM (2)
z
. a b c a BL + CL 2a
T i r ( l ) (2) => - + - + - = - + = —.
X y z X X X
Vay trong trU'dng htip nay la c6:

a A
Smin < ^ X n , „ <=> M la trung diem cua BC <=> = col — .
2x
Goi M la trung diem ciia BC, O la tam du-dng iron ngoai tiep. }
A
Vay khi M e BC , thi S > 4cot— va dau bang xiiy ra o M la trung diem Trong moi tru-ctng hdp ( A < 90", A > 90") ta d(5u co theo dinh ly ham s6'co,sin.
A M ' +A02 - M O ^
cua B C . cos M A O =
2MA.A0
B
Li luan tiTdng tiT khi M e AC =:> S > 4cot— va dau bang xiiy ra o M la
2b'+2c^-a' . a^
m;-
4 } 4 + 4 b^+c^
trung diem cua AC , con khi M e AB => S > 4cot ^ vii dau bang xay ra <^ 2MA.A0 2m., .R 4m,R
M la irung diem ciia AB . => ^ < 1 ^ 4m,R > b- + c'.

4m^,R
A B C A B ^ C^,.
Do — > — > — > — > ( ) col — < cot — < cot— > 0 . Tri'f lai bai todu dang xet:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A •' ^
Ttr do suy ra S > ' ^ ' - ' " l y ^'^ '^'^"g o M la trung diem ciia BC . Taco: • """r- . > r o m.m.m. > ^(n..; + mg + mg)
m-+mn+m,- - ^ ^
.8-; 2:.
Bai 55. Chiyng minh r i n g trong moi tam giac ABC, ta c6:
o - ( a + b + c)m,mhm, >s(m^ + m^ + m , ^ ) . (1)
ma +m,- ~ Goi A ' B ' C la lam giac nhan m„ mn, m, la ba canh va S'la dien tich cua no.
Khi do:
Giai
Ta can den hai bai loan phii Ird sau: ^ j ( m a + m h +m:,)m,,m,m, >U'{ml+ml+ml
BSI daang h<?c s i n h g i o l Lupng g i d c - Fhan Huy Khal
o (mi+m[,+m;;.)m,mhm, > 2 S ' ( m 2 + m ^ + m 2 ) . (2)

Chii y rang A ' B ' C la l a m giac c6 ba canh m^,, nih, va m ^ . m ' h . m ^ la h;
2 R c o s C s i n A _ sin(A + C) _ sinB
trung luyen cua no. D e cho ddn gian k i hieu x = m,„ y = nih, z = m,. goi R = 1+
2RcosAsinC sinCcos A sinCcos A
la ban kinh diTdng Iron ngoai tiep A A ' B ' C . K h i do . (82+83) sinC (S3+8,) sinA
Lap luan tirong tu" co: — — • ^• ^' ^
(2) « x y z K + m [ , + m : . ) > ^ ( x ^ W 82 sin A cos B ' S3 sinBcosC
Tir do thay vao (2) va c6: V T (1) > i (3) 'i

o 4R'm;; + 4R'm[, + 4R'm^. > x^ •+ y ' + . (3)
cos A cos B cos C
. . 4R 4R 1
4R'm^ >
" ^ • " " " ^ . 4PK s m
. A sin
. B sm
. C = sm
. A sm
. B sm
. C
~
z^+x^ 2 2 2 2 2 2
Theo bai2, t a c o : 4R'm(, >
Ro rang trong m o i tam giac nhon ta c6:
1-
A D ^ . A . B . C
x^+y' 0 < cosAcosBcosC < s m — s m — s m — . ,
4R'm^ > 2 2 2 '
1 > 1 (5)
Tir do suy ra (3) dung => dpcm. cosAcosBcosC . A . B . C
sm sm - sm
B a i 56. Cho A B C la tam giac nhon va H la triTc tam. 2 2 2
D a i S | = SHAB. S2 = SHBC, S3 = SHCA- Tir (3) (4) (5) suy ra dpcm.
Dau b^ng x a y ra o A B C la tam g i i c deu.
,r^n • ^ ( S , + S , + S 3 ) - \
ChuTng minh rang:
"^^"'^^ 27S1S2S3 " r • Nhan xet: De y rhng S , = SHAB = 2R^cosAcosBsinC; 82 = 2R^cosBcosCsinA;
S3 = 2R^cosCcosAsinB
Giai
Ta co: T i r d o - ^^S, + 8 2 +83)-' 8(2R^sinAsinBsinC)-^
' 2(Si+82+53)^ 278,8283 27(8R'^ sin A s i n B s i n C c o s ^ Acos^ Bcos^ C)
• 27S1S2S3 " r
+' • ' = — (tanAlanBtanC)^
• " 8(S| + S 2 + S 3 ) - ' ^ 4 R
278,8283 ~ r Vithe tifbaitrentaco: —(tanAlanBtanC)^>
27 r
( 8 , + 8 2 ) + ( 8 2 + 8 3 ) + (83+8, 4R => (tanAlanBtanC)^ > 2 7 —
<=> > (1)
2r
278,8283 ~ r
Tur do ta lha'y: Trong m o i tam giac nhon A B C , thi
Theo bat d i n g ihiJc Cosi, ta c6:
( S | + S 2 ) + (82 + 8 3 ) + (83 + 8 , ) f > ( 8 , + 8 2 ) + ( S 2 + S 3 ) + ( 8 3 + 8 , ) tanAtanBlanC = tanA + lanB + t a n C > 3 N / 3 ^ > 3 V 3 (6) ' -
(81+82) (82+83) (83+81) Nhu'da b i e l ta hay dung bat dang thiJc: Trong m o i tam g\ic nhon t M '
Do vay V T ( 1 ) > ^ - L — ^ + + ^ (2)
tanA + lanB + tanC > 3N/3 (7)
ffi'
Dau b^ng Irong (2) xay ra 8 , = 82 = 83 o A B C la tam giac deu. Vay (6) la mot k e l qua mjinh hOn (7).
Ta c6:
MrmiTTrm.
C. Bat dang thiic liMng giac trong tarn giac thUtfng A A A • ^ B ^. C C

Trong muc nay la sc xel cac bift d3ng thuTc lifOng giac trong lam giac thiTcJng 4 sin cos — ^ 4 s m - c o s - g 4sm c o s .
hinh .2 A 2 sm -
ma chii yeu diTa vao phep bicn ddi liTdng giac (hau nhif ichong dting den sm \- +2 ^ - ^ c o ssm- < 9
ve). D o la dieu khac biet so vdi muc IriTdc. cj>2{l +cosA) + 2(l +cosB) + 2(I + cosC) < 9
1. Sur dung cac bat dang thtfc ccjt ban trong tarn giac c> cosA + cosB + cosC < —.
Bai 1. ChuTng minh rang trong mpi lam giac ta c6 cac bat dang thufc sau:
1. i±i + i±i + i ± l < 3 V ^ . . Theo bat dang thii'c liTdng 2giac cd ban, thi (2) dung => (1) diing => dpcm.
c a b Dau bang xay ra <^ ABC la tam giac deu.
3, Taco:
4Rsin• A cos A9- A
2RsinA
- = a p tan
. YA - (p
^ - a)^tan ~A 2 ^J c o s —2A = 2R(1+cosA).
3. -+•
fa - r r^, - r r, - r
<9R. sin~A
2
4. a'(b + c - a) + b'(c + a - b) + câ + b - c) < 3abc. Tii do bang lap luan tifdng tiT suy ra:
5. a^ + b^ + c- > 4V3S + (a - hf + (b - c)' + (c - a)l b^
^ • . 7 , . A . B . C <9R (1)
6. sinAsinB + sinBsinC + smCsinA < - + 4sm—sm—sm —. o 2( 1 + cos A) + 2( 1 + cosB) + 2( 1 + cosC) < 9
4 2 2 2 o cosA + cosB + cosC < -
^ 2p-a 2p-b 2p-c (2)
7. cos A + cosB + cosC < — +— + • 2
2p + a 2p + b 2p4-c
l.Tac6:i±i + i±^ + ^ < 3 VGiai ^ (1)
Vi (2)bang
Dau dungxay=> ra(1)<=>dung
ABC ladpcm.
tam giac deu.
c a b 4. Ta c6: a-(b + c - a) + b'Cc + a - b) + c'(a + b - c) < 3abc (1)
1 1' f1 1' 1 1 o a(b' + c- - a') + b'(c' + a^ - b^) + c^(a^ + b^ - c^) < 3abc
- + - - + - - + - <3V3 <=> a.2bccosA + b.2accosB + c.2abcosC < 3abc
lb C; Ic a U bj
2bccos
A 2accos B 2abcos
/.aocos , 1 O cosA + cosB + cosC < - . (2) => dpcm.
2 b+ c 2.i±£ + 2.^<3V3
b + c be a + c ac a + b ab Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC 2lii tam giac deu.
A B , C ^ 3^/3 5' Ta c6: a' + b" + c' - 4S(cotA + colB + cotC), nen
o cos—hcos—hcos—<
2 2 2 2 (2)
a' + b^ + c' > 4V3S + (a - b)' + (b - c)^ + (c - a)^ (1)
Theo bat dang thiJc liTdng giac c6 ban, thi (2) diing => (1) diing => dpcm. O 2ab + 2bc + 2ca > 4^38 + a" + b' + c^
Dau bang xay ra <=> ABC la tarn giac dcu. 1 1 1 ] > 4 V3S + 4S(cot A + col B + col C)
4S - + •
2. Ta co: h 1 < (1) sinC sin A + •sinBJ
r, p 1 - c o t B +1^ cotC > V 3
2RsinA 2RsinB , 2RsinC - <^ 9R sin A - c o t A LsinB UinC
B 1 - cos A 1-cosB , 1-cosC
plan plan plan •+
sin A sinB sinC
pî 2. Chu-ng minh rang trong moi lam giac (trCf phan 6/ ABC khong phai la tam
<=> tan — + tan J-tan—>V3. (2) giac vuong) ta c6:
2 2 2 h ^ + N L ± i k + ik±ik<3V3.
Theo bat ding thuTc liTdng giac cd ban thi (2) dung => (1) diing :=> dpcm. 1.
. 2cÂ, , -.a22 "B, b. 2 C , . A . B . C ^ 7 V . , , i.i
Dafu bing xay ra <=> ABC la tam giac deu. 1 sin
sin 1-sin — +, sin —l-sin—sin —sm—> —
—Hsin
6. Ta c6: sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < - + 4 s i n ^ s i n ^ s i n ^ (1) 2- " 2 2 2 2 2 2- 8 A,
3. sinA + sinB + sinC > sin2A + sin2B + sin2C.

4 2 2 2 4. > hahh + hbh, + h,h,.
o sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < T + ôsA + cosB -fc cosC - 1 | « A ^ b. cos 2 —B h, c cos 2 —
a cos 2 —h C /<3S
—.
3 2 2 2 - 2r , ;.;.;„
o sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < — cos(B + C) - cos(C + A) - cos(A + B) 6. 3tanÂtan^Blan'C - 5(tanÂ + tan^B + tan^C) -
4 < 9 + tan^Btan^C + tan^CtanÂ + tanÂtan^B.
o cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA < - (2) 7. cosÂ + cos^B + c o s ^ C < | + ^(cos3A + cos3B + cos3C).
4 Giai
Ta c6: cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA < j (cosA + cosB + cosC)l (3) 1. T a c 6 : i V t i l b + h | ^ ^ h ^ < 3 ^ (1)
c a b
3 2R sin B sin2RsinC
C + 2R sinCsin A- +, •2Rsin AsinC + 2Rsin AsinB
Theo bat dang thiirc liTdng giac cd ban thi cosA + cosB + cosC < - . (4) 2RsinA
2R sin A sin B + 2R sin B sin C < 3 V 3
Tir (3) (4) suy ra (2) dung => (1) dung => dpcm. + 2RsinB
2p +bang
Dau a 2p xay+ rab o 2pABC
+ c la tam giac deu.
7. Ta c6: b + c o (sinA + sinB) + (sinB + sinC) + (sinA + sinC) < 3^3
a+c , a+b (1)
2p(a- +a b)_^ +2 p(a-+b c) _^2p-c
(b + c) + (a + b) (a + c) + (b + c) o sinA + sinB + sinC < 3 ^ (2) ecu-
NhiTda biet bat dang thiJc Nesbit sau: Do (2) dung => dpcm. Da'u bang xay ra o ABC la tam giac deu.
V d i x > 0 , y > 0 , z > O l h i -±- + - ^ + -J—>-. ^hqnxet: Do h„ < h n < 4; h, < / ,
y+z z+x x+y 2 Vi the bat dang thii-c tren co the suy ra lii phan 1/ cua bai 1.
Tuy nhien each chiJng minh tren la each chi^ng minh triTc tiep.
2p-a 2p-b 2p-c 3 2 r^,.- • 2 A , B . 2C . A . B . C 7
Vi the tir (1) suy ra + + > -. laco: sin — h s i n — + sin — + sin—sm —sin — > - (1)
2 2 2 2 2 2- 8 ^ ^
2p + a 2p + b 2p + c 2 ^ 1-cosA 1-cosB , 1-cosC . A . B . C 7
Mat khac theo bat dang thtfc lifdng giac cd ban thi ^
cosA + cosB + cosC < — , , 1^ . A . B1 . C ^ . hsin—sin
A . B .—sin
C ^—>
7 —
2 2 2 1 + 4sin—sin—sin —
22 2 22j + sin—sin—sin —>—
2 22 2 2 2^ 8^ 8
Tir do c6: + + > cosA + cosB + cosC
2p + a 2p + b 2p + c ^ . A . B. C 1
sin—sin—sin— < - . (2)
=> dpcm. 2 2 2 8
Dau bang xayra <=> ABC la tam giac deu. ^1 (2) dung (1) dung => dpcm. Da'u b^ng xay ra <=> ABC la tam gidc deu.
3. Ta c6: sinA + sinB + sinC > sin2A + sin2B + sin2C (1) 3 cos^ A + cos" B + cos^ C
<=> — ; 7- ^ < 4
A B C c o s " A cos^ B cos^ C cos^ A cos^ B cos^ C
<=> 4cos — c o s ~ c o s — > 4.sin A sin BsinC
2 2 2 3
Ci> cos^ A + cos^ + B cos^ C > - 5
A B C ^ ^f . A . B . Cl A B C
<=> c o s — C O S — c o s — > f t sin — sin—sin — cos — COS — COS —
2 2 2 " 2 2 2 2 2 2 <^ sin" A + .sin'^B + s i n ' ^ C < - . (2) ' " 1
. A . B . C / 1
<=> sin — sin — s i n — < — (2) 4 ,
2 2 2 " 8
Thco bal dang thiJc lu-dng giac cd ban Irong lam giac thi (2) dung => (1) dung
A B C r 4:.:.
(chu y la cos —cos —cos— > 0) dpcm. Da'u bang Xciy ra o A B C la lam giac dcu.
^ ^ 2 2 2
V i (2) diing => (1) dung => dpcm
cos"Â+cos- B + c o s - ^ C < - + - ( c o s 3 A + cos3B + cos3C) (1)
Da'u bang xay ra A B C la lam giac dcu.
4. Ta c6: > h,hh + iihh, + h,h. (1) O cos"^ A + cos-^ B + cos-^ C ' "
9 1 /
o p ' > 4S'
ab be ca
< - + -(4cos"^ A - cos3A + 4cos^ B - cos3B + 4cos^ C - cos3C)
a be
e> abcp' > 4 pr( a + b + c) 3
' 4R
<=> cosA + cosB + co.sC < - (2)
c^R >2r
Vi (2) diing => (1) dung => dpcm.
„ . A . B . C
<=> R > SRsin — sin —Sin — Da'u bang xay ra A B C la lam giac deu.
2 2 2
Bai 3. Chiang minh rang Irong m p i tam giac A B C la c6:
. A . B . C 1
o sin — sin—sin— < - . (2) I ^ b'^ ^ c** ^fabcV6l
2 2 2 8
2 A 2C -
V I (2) dung => ( I ) dung => dpcm. Da'u bang xiiy ra <» A B C la lam giac dcu. cos cos"
. B
COS
3R I
6. Du'a bat dang ihiJc can dnJug minh vc dang lufttng dU'dng sau:
2 2 2
2 ' + » , 1
4 l a n ' A l a n ' B l a n ' C - 4 ( l a n ' A + tan'B + lan-C) - 8
l + 2,smA+4,sinAsinB 1 + 2 . s i n B + 4sinBsinC 1 + 2 s i n C + 4sinCsin A
< lan'Alan'Btan-^C + ( l a n ' A + tan^B + lanCi
. 3-4V3
+ 1 + l a n ' A l a n ' B + lan'Btan^C + tan^Clan'A
13
<r> 4 l a n ' A t a n ' B l a n ' C - 4 ( l a n ' A + lan"B + lan'C) - 8
< ( 1 + t a n ' A ) ( l + l a n ^ B ) ( l +tan'Ci coiA + colB + colC <
8sin A s i n B s i n C
1 1 1 1 1
4 -1 -4
cos"" A cos" B cos" C cos" A cos" B cos^ C
ca ab 4S
1
< 5. A B C ^ 9r" ^n^^-r AM-
cos^ Acos^ Bcos"'^ Ian — + tan — + i a n — < .
1 1 1 2 2 2 ~ 4S
•-4
cos" A COS"" Bcos" C cos" A cos" B cos" B cos" C cos^ C cos^ A dbsin — + bc.sin — + casin —>2SV3 .
2 2 2 ~
1
< . ^' 2 ^ + b + c > ^ r , sin A + ^r^, sin B + ^ r , sinC .
cos^ A c o s ^ B c o s ' ' •
Cty TISHH MTV DVVH Khang Vl^t
A . B . B . C . C . A ^ A , . B , . C
8. 2 sin — sin Thay (4) vao (1) va co:
h sin — sin — + sin — sin — < sin h sin h sin—.
2 2 2 2 2 2 " 2 2 2
Giai , hay T . M i : : / ! ^ ^ dpcm.
3(4 + 7 3 ) 13 ^
1. A p dung bat d i n g IhuTc Bunhiacopski, la c6:
Dau bang xay ra k h i va chi k h i A B C la lam giac deu.
a'^ b*^ c*^ ^ (a-^+bVc^)'
•+ - ^ + - ^ > 5 - ^ (1) 3. Ta co: < ,>
2A 2B 2 C - 2A, 2B, 2C
cos^ — cos'^ ' cos^ cos^ - + COS-" ^ + cos -
a^+b^+c^
2 2 2 2 2 2 • colA + colB + colC =
4S
Ro rang trong m p i tarn giac, la c6: •
_ 4R^(sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C) 4(sin^ A + s i n ' B + .sin" C)
a^+b^+c^>16S^-^^ (2) SR^sinAsinBsinC 8sin A s i n B s i n C
^ , . , 2A 2B 2C 3 + cosA + cosB + cosC 9 Theo ba't dang ihiJc lUcfng giac crt ban trong lam giac t h i
Ta l a i c6: cos^ — + cos'' — + cos'' — = < - (3
2 2 2 2 4
sin" A + sin" B + .sin^ C < - .
3 4
(do cosA + cosB + cosC - " ^' 9
Tijf d(3 la di den cosA + cosB + co.sC < — => dpcm
Tijr (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm. Da'u bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu. 8sinAsinBsinC
Nhan xet: Dau bc^ng xay ra khi va chi k h i A B C la lam giac deu.
1. Neu nhU b| > 0, hi > 0, b,, > G i h i ihco ba'l dang Ihtfc Bunhiacopski la c6: 4. Theo bat dang ihiJc Bunhiacopski, ta co:
ha , , h.^^(h,+h„+h,)^
be ca ab be + ca 4- ab
b| b, b-, "~ b| + b 2 +b3
Trong mpi tam giac ta co h , + h,, + h , > 9r, (2)
2. (2) chiJng minh nhiT sau:
ab + be + ca = 4R'(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA)
Theo bal dang IhiJc Cosi la c6: a"* + b"* + c'' > abc(a + b + c)
< 4 R ' ( s i n - A + sin"B + .sin'C). (3)
Ro rang Irong m o i lam giac la c6: abc > (b + c - a)(a + c - b)(a + b - c)
Lai iheo ba't dang thiJc lu^dng giac ccf ban trong tam giac thi
Tif do theo cong thijfc Heron: = p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c) suy ra (2)
2. Dat ve trai cua b a l dang ihuTc can chi^ng minh la T. K h i do theo bat dang s i r A + sin'B + sin'C < - . (4)
4
ihtfc Cosi, la co: y '
T [ ( l + 2sinA + 4sinAsinB) + (1 + 2sinB + 4 s i n B s i n C ) Thay ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) v a o ( l ) v a c o : i ^ + i ^ + - ! k > ^ ^ dpcm
+ (1 + 2sinC + 4sinCsinA)l 2 be ca ab 4S
Dau bang xay ra k h i va chi k h i A B C la tam giac deu.
=> T(3 + 2(sinA + sinB + sinC) + 4(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA)] > 9
^Hn xet:
Theo bat dang thuTc lu^dng giac c6 ban trong lam giac, la co:
3N/3 '• (2) chifng minh nhu'sau:
sinA + sinB + sinC < — ^ . (2) >9.
2 Taco: (h, + h h + h . h„ hK h,.
. ^ . ^ •^ • . ( s i n A + sinB + sinC)^ ^ 27
sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < < TT •
3 12 Matkhaclaico: -L + -L + J - . ^ + JL + A ^ ^ = i ^
h, \S 2S 2S 2pr r ' ' ' ' ;"•
Tir(2)(3)c6:
Tir do .suy ra (2) dung => dpcm.
3 + 2(sinA + sinB + sinC) + 4(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA) < 3(4 + >'
• L a i do h., = 2RsinBsinC, h^ = 2RsinCsinA, h , = 2RsinAsinB ' " ,
B6I du&ng hpc slnh gioi Lulping giic - man nuy lUtar Cty T/VtH nrVDWH KhangVlft
1 1 1
ngn + + — = sin B s i n C + s i n C s i n A + s i n A s i n B (2)
C A B
be ca ab cos COS cos
2 2 2
11 - -
îi + l i + l i < s i n ^ A + sin2B + s i n 2 c < ^ . T h e o b a t d a n g ihiJc C o s i , la c 6 :

be ca ab 4 ,> -nv/ ;J i ,
1 A , B C
V a y ta c 6 ba'l d a n g thuTc k c p sau:
A B C
COS
2
h COS
2
\r C O S —
2J
> 9 .
(3)
COS - cos COS
Trong moi A A B C thi — < ^ + — + -^^ < 7 •' 2 2 2 r
• • 4S be ca • ab 4
T h e o b a t d a n g thiJc liTcfng g i a c c d b a n t r o n g l a m g i a c t h i
A B C ^9r
5. T a c 6 : t a n y + l a n y + t a n — < — (1) ^ A , B , C 3V3
cos 1-COS—hcos— < (4)
A B C 2 2 2 2
o SR^sinAsinBsinC tan htan — + tan — <9R^
2 2 2j T i r (2) (3) ( 4 ) suy ra ( 1 ) d u n g z:> d p c m
D a u b a n g x a y ra <=> A B C la l a m g i a c d c u .
o 8sinAtan —sinBsinC + XsinBtan-sinCsinA + 8 s i n C t a n ^ s i n A s i n B < 9
2 2 2
7. ^ Va + b + c > ^ r , sin A + ^ r , , sin B + ^ r , s i n C (1)
<^ 4 s i n ^ — s i n B s i n C + 4 s i n ' — s i n C s i n A + 4 s i n ^ — s i n A s i n B < ^
2 2 2 4
o^72p>^ptany2sinyeosy+ y'ptan|2sin|cos| + ^plan|2sin|cos|
9
o 2 s i n B s i n C ( l - cosA) + 2sinCsinA(l - cosB) + 2 s i n A s i n B ( l - cosC) < - ( 2 )

3^ . A , . B . C
(2)
o - > sm sin — + sin — .
h
2 2 2 2
Dc y ring V I (2) d u n g => d p c m .
2sinBsinCcosA + 2suiCsinAc()sB + 2sinAsinBcosC D a u b a n g x a y ra c:> A B C la tarn g i a c d c u .
= sinC(sinBcosA + sinAcosB) + sinB(sinAcosC + sinCcosA)
+ sinA(sinBcosC + sinCcosB) Ta CO:
= s i n ^ C + s i n - B + sin^ A . • A . B . B . C C A . A , . B . C
s i n — s i n — h sin — s i n — h s i n — s i n —
Vay . 2 2 2 2 2 2 ~ 3 sin — +
2
s i n — + sin —
2 2
(1)
VI • A . B . C 3
(2) <=> 2 s i n B s i n C + 2 s i n C s i n A + 2 s i n A s i n B - ( s i n ' A + s i n ' B + s i n ' C ) < - (3) VI s i n y + s i n y + sin— < - , ncn t i T d ) c6:
D c t h a y V T (3) < 2 ( s i n ' A + sin^B + s i n ' C ) - ( s i n ' A + s i n ' B + s i n ' C ) ,. A.. . B„ . B . ^C C A f . A , . B . Cl

sin — sin — + s i n — s i n — | - sin — sin — sin — + sin — + s i n -
2 2 2 2 2 2 3'2 2 2 2
= ( s i n ' A + s i n ' B + s i n ' C) < ^
A . B . B . C C A / A , B C
=^ 2 s i n — s i n — h s i n — s i n — + sin—.sin —
( t h c o ba'l d a n g Ihufc liTdng g i i i c c d b a n I r o n g tarn g i a c ) . < s i n y + siny+ siny =>dpcm.
\ 2 2 2 2 2)
V a y (3) diing dung dpcin.
^ a u b i l n g x a y ra o A B C la t a n i g i a c d c u .
6. Ta c6:
absin — + bcsin — + casin—>2SV3 (1)

2 2 2
2. P h i f d n s p h a p suT d u n g c a c b a t d a n g thi?c k i n h dig'n
A B B c c A TA 7B 7C
1 = t a n y tan — + tan — t a n y + t a n y t a n y > 3^lan^ y tan^ — tan^ —
T r o n g m u c n a y , l a se suT d u n g cac b a t d a n g thiJc k i n h d i e n q u e n b i e t nhu"
.A 2 B 2C 1
d a n g thuTc C o s i , b a t d a n g thiJc B u n h i a c o p s k i , baft d a n g IhuTc TrebiTsep... tan-ylan'ytan'y < — . (2)
chuTng m i n h c a c b a t d a n g thtfc liTdng g i a c t r o n g tarn g i a c .
Dau bang trong (2) xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu.
B a i 1. Chijrng m i n h r a n g t r o n g m o i t a m g i a c ta c6: ,
T i i f ( l ) ( 2 ) suyra
2 A 2B
cos A ^ ^^^2 B ^ ^^^2 C _ ^^^2 A ^^^2 B ^^„2 C ^ 26
COS COS
1. ^ + ^ + 2 ^>''^
2 2 2 2 2 2 ~ 2 7
a 2 1' b 2 c 8S • w;
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
2 A
tan
, B
— + tan — + tan
oC 2 A 2B 2C^26
1 — t a n —tan — > — . 3. Ta co:
2 2 2 2 2 2 27
„ . A . B . C A B C
1 + cosAcosBcosC > 9 s i n — s i n — s i n — (1)
3. 1 + cosAcosBcosC > 9 s m — s m — s m — . (,.
2 2 2 ^
2 2 2
A B C
4. 1 + cosAcosBcosC > N/3 sinAsinBsinC. o (1 + c o s A c G s B c o s C ) 8 c o s — c o s — c o s —
2 2 2
Giai . A . B . C' A B C
>9.sin — s m — s m — 8cos—cos—cos—
1. T a c o : 2 2 2 2 2 2
2A 2B 2C o 2(1 + cosAco.sBco.sC)(sinA + sinB + .sinC) > 9sinAsinBsinC
cos^ COS ^ cos ---
^ + 2 + 2>27r o (sin'A + sin'B + s i n ' O f s i n A + sinB + sinC) > 9sinAsinBsinC
a b c ~ 8S (2>
1 + cosA 1 + cosB l + cosC^27r Theo bat dang thiJc Co.si, la co:
o \ >-—
2a 2b 2c 8.pr sin- A + .sin^ B + sin^ C > .l^sin^ A s i n ' Bsin^ C) (3)
2bc(l + c o s A ) + 2ac(l + cosB) + 2ab(l + cosC) ^ 27 sin A + sin B + sin l^ysin A sin B sin C) (4)
^ 4abc " 4 ( a + b + c)
Nhan tiTng vc (3) (4) suy ra (2) dung, vay (1) dung => dpcm.
2bc + 2ac + 2ab + b^ + c ^ - a ^ + a ^ + c ^ - b ^ + a ^ + b ^ - c ^ ^ 27_ Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
abc ~ a+ bH
4. D a l X = lan —, y = tan / = lan —
(a + b + c ) - \ 2 2 2
o — > abc
27 Khi do ta co: x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 va xy + yz + zx = 1.
a + b + c ^ ^rT~ A p dung ba't dang thifc Bunhiacopski, la co
o > yjahc . (2)
3(xy + y V + z V ) > (xy + yz + zx)^
Theo ba't dang thtfc Cosi, thi (2) diing => (1) diing => dpcm.
•xy + yV + z V > l . (1)
D a u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac dcu.
2. Ta c6: 1 ^ x y + yz + z x ^
Mat khac theo ba't d a n g ihu-c Cosi, lai co: - = x y z
2A 2B 2C A B B C , C, A
tan — + tan — + tan — > t a n — t a n — + tan — tan — + tan — tan —
2 2 2 ~ 2 2 2 2 2 2
xyz < - 4 = => 3V3xyz tan^ — + tan^ — + tan^ — > 1. (1)
3N/3 a •
2 2 2
Tilf(l)c6: l + x y + yV + z V > y (3)
Dafu bang trong (1) xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
L a i theo b a l d^ng thiJc Cosi, ta c6:
Tir(2)c6 ^>4N/3xy/. (4) , A - B ^ C - A
COS" + cos^ + cos^ ^ > 33/64s.n^ ^ s i n ^ » s i n ^ £
V i the t i r ( 3 ) (4) d i d e n
. A - B . B - C C - A" n,/ . 2 A . . . C
1 + x " y ' + y V ' + /."x' > 4\/3 xyz - => cos" j COS" f cos . B
— _>12j,sm y ^ ' " - - - s i n " - (4)

=>2 + 2x'y' + 2yV.' + 2/-x-' > Hx/^xy/ , . . f , . A . B . C ^ I
L a i CO do s i n — s i n — s i n — < -
= > ( ! + x ' ) ( l + y ' ) ( l +/-) + ( ! - x - ) ( l - y - ) ( l - r ) > 873xy/. 2 2 2 -8
+ -
1-x' l - y " 1-/" /- 2x . 2y 2/ I. -.A . B . .c / T A T B . c
SM, - s i n " - sm" - ^-'X.sin- - s i n ' - s i n (5)
=> 1 + 7 — 7>V3 y ^-j Y \ 2 2 V 2 2 2
1+ xM+y-|+/- l + x M + y M + // Tliay (5) \ao (4) di den
=> 1 + cosAcosBcosC > \f?> sinAsinBsinC
2 A - B > B C . C - A A B C
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra c:> A B C la lam giac dcii. cos + COS + C O S " > 2 4 s i n - s i n " sin dpcm.
B a i 2. ChiVng niinh rilng Irong nioi lam giac A B C , ta co: Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac dcu.
A-B B-C C - A ^ „ . A . B . C
1. cos —cos cos > »sm—sm—sin —. B a i 3. Chi'rng minh i\ing iron;: moi lam gi.ic la co ba't dilng ihifc sau.
2 2 : " 2 2 2
•, A , H , C A . B , C
,A-B , B - C ,C-A^^, . A B C cos — f c o s " T cos" sin — f s m — t sin —
2. c o s ' — + cos" 1- cos" > 24sm — s i n —sin —. 2 : T 7 •» -)
2 2 2 ~ 2 2 2
Giai Giiii
A B C . A . B C
1. Do c o s — c o s — c o s — > 0, n c n I a co: cos — + cos" - i cos" — > sin - t sm — + sin —
2 2 2 2 2 2 - " ) " ) - > (1)
A-B B-C C-A ^„ . A . B . C ^-^ ' ^ ^'"^ A I f cosB 1 -fcosC

cos COS COS > osin—sin—sin— (1)
2 2 2 " 2 2 2
„ A B C A - B B-C C-A l_-cosA , l - c o s B 1-cosC ^ . B . C C A A R
<=> X C O S — cos —cos —cos COS COS 2 ^ ^ + + 2 sm - sin - + 2 sin - sin - - 4 2sin - s i n -
2 2 2 2 2 2 ^ 2 2 2 2 " ^ 2 2
^ „ . A . B . C „ A B C
>8sin —sin—sin—8cos — C O S — c o s - <^.-cosA + cosB + cosC > 2 s i n ^ s i n ^ + 2 , s m | s i n ^ f 2 s i n - s i n - (2)
- 2 2 2 2 2 2
^ . A + B A - B ^ . B+ C B-C ^. C + A C-A A B
2 sin COS 2 sin cos 2 sin cos cos COS
2 2 Thco bift dang thiirc Co si, ta co:
> 8sinAsinBsinC -^^-^ >2
COS eos
2 2
<=> (sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + sinA) > 8 s i n A s i n B s i n C . (2)
A B
.'V.
R6 rang ihco bat dang thuTc Co si thi (2) dung => (1) diing ^ dpcm. ^ . A . B cos COS
. A . B
=> sin — s m — 2 + 2 > 2sin — s i n —
Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tarn giac dcu. ' 2 2 B A 2 2
cos COS
2. Thco bat dang thu-c Cosi, ta co: 2 2j
2A-B 2B-C iC-A^^J 2A - B 2B-C 2 C - A B A . . . A . B
sin A tan — + .sin B tan — > 2 s i n — s m — . (3)
cos^ h cos'^ + cos^ > 3Mcos^ cos^ cos^ (• 2 2) 2 2
2 2 2 ~ \ 2 2
A p dung phan 1/ ta co (sau khi kct hdp vdi (3)) TuiJng tir ta co:
TimnnrvDVVnMhang vi^t
C . A ^ . A . C
sin A l a n h sinC Ian — 2 s i n — sin — (4) p(p-a) ^ ( p - b)(p-c)
2 2
2 2
p ( p - b) (p - c ) ( p - a )
C B ^ B . C
s i n B l a n — + sin C l a n — > 2 s i n — s i n — (5)
- 2 2 p ( p - c ) - ^ ( p - a ) ( p - b)
Tir(3)(4)(5)suyra * , ( b + c - a ) ( b + c + a) = (a + c - b K a + b - c)
(b + c + a ) ( a + c ~ b ) - ( a t b-c)(b + c-a)
V P (2) < ; ^ l a n y ( s i n B + .sinC) + ^ t a n y ( s i n C + s i n A ) + i l a n ^ ( s i n A + s i n B )
( b + c + a)(a + b - c) = ( b + c - a)(a + c - b)
VP (2)
B . C + A C-A C . A + B A - B (b + c)- - a " a- (b - c)" a-=.b-+c^ A -: 9 0 '
A . B+ C B-C
< t a n — sin cos f-tan—sin cos f-lan—sin cos _ ,0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a + c ) - - b " - b ' - ( c - a ) - <=> b^ = c ' + a - o B = 9()
. B + C B-C C + A C - A , A + B A - B (a + b ) - - c- = c - -(a-b)- ,0
c = a" + b " C = 90
V P ( 2 ) < cos cos hcos cos hcos—-—cos
2 2 2 2 2 2
Do khong ihc w d o n g I h d i A = B = C = 9()", v a y i r o n g ( 5 ) k h o n g t h e c 6 d a u
=> V P ( 2 ) < - (cos B + c o s C ) + - ( c o s C + cos A ) + - ( c o s A + cos B )
2 2 2 bang S < ^ [ r ( r , , t i,^ -y r^.) + r,,r|, + r^r^ + i;r., ] . D o la d p c m .
VP( 2) < c o s A + c o s B + c o s C = V T (2).
Hal 5. ChiVng m i n h r ; l n g l r t ) n g m o i l a m g i a c la c 6 :
V a y (2) d i i n g (1) d i l n g => d p c m . D a u b a n g x a y ra o A B C la t a m g i a c dcu..
B a i 4. ChiYng n i i n h r h n g t r o n g m o i t a m g i t i c A B C , ta c 6 : 1
I. I t- 1, 1+
sin A sin B sinC v/3-
S < 7 r.. + fb + )+ + + ^J.
o
I i
Giai 1+ 1f
A C
T a c 6 : S = p r = ( p - a)ra = ( p - b)ri, = ( p - c)r, cos COS cos
=> S"* = p ( p - a ) ( p - b ) ( p - c ) r,rhr,r

1 1
Lai CO = p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c) 1+ i t I f >27.
. A . B c
^S^^[7r~^{. (1) sin sin sin
TiY ( 1 ) \ I h c o ba't dana; i h i f c C o s ! , ta c 6 :

Ciai
(2) Ta c(') k c l q u a sau:
(3) N c i i \ 0, y > 0 . / > 0 va x + y + /. < S. t h i ta c 6 :
rr„ + r , . r ^
, 1 , 1 f, 1 3
1 t - i + - 14 - 1+-
S=7(rr.)(r^r,)<^Y' (4> \ y / S
C o n g l i r n g v c ( 2 ) (3) (4) va c 6 B o d c du'ctc chi'fng m i n h nhii" sau:

Ta c6:
S < 7 [ r ( r , + r„ + r , ) + r.r,, + r„i; + r j J (5)
6 , 1 f 1 1 1 { I 1 1
Mi
D c C O d a u b a n g i r o n g (5) t h i p h i i i c 6 d o n g thiJi d a u b ^ n g t r o n g ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , (4)- V X y
14 _
/
- + - + - + — + —
X y / (xy y/
+ xy/. (I)
ti'fc la ta p l i a i c 6 h e s i u u 9 9 "v:"
. T h c o bat d a n g thi'rc C o si, t h i — + — + i > (2)
X y / x + y + / S
BOI duemg hpc sinh gSoi Lugng giUc - nan nuy isital Cty Timnnrv own lOtang V/ft
L a i l l u - ( i ba'l d ; i i i g lln'rc C o s i . t h l S > x + y + / > 2sin A s i n B s i n C ^ I
1 _ 27 (sill A + sin B-* s i n C ) " ^\f^ , , , .,

(3) I \ ' '} f
x y / " S- ' ir(l-xy3coiA) )-b-(l--N/3cotB) + c M l - N / 3 c o l C ) > ( ) . f :• y

va a p d u n g ba'l d a n g i h i f c C o s i , t h l
Taco: Vlf,;.:;
(4)
xy y/ /X ^(xy/)" , A . B . C ^ 1
sin — s n i — s i n — £ —j=-
1 1 1 27 2 2 V 2 3x/3
Tie (3) ( 4 ) suy ra — + — + — > — (?)
xy y/ /X S" . . A . . B , C ^ 1
 s i n " — s i n " — s i n — < — (2)
2 2 2 - 27
1 1 f. 1 •y 27 27
'rir(l)(2)('3)(5)c6: \-\- 1+ - > H-- - + - r + --r = 1+^ Ta c 6 :
X \ I /J sJ
A - B A f B . C 1 A - B . C] . C
s VT{2) = cos COS sin— — cos - sin — sin —
'5
D o la d p c m . D a u b a n g x a y ra o x = y = / = —. 2 4 2 2 2
B o d c difUc chiYng m i i i h A - B f A - B . C
D o cos > 0 cos sin — < 1 - sin —
1. D o s i n A > 0, s i n B > 0, s i n C > 0 va i h c o b a l d r i n g i h i f c iiTttng g i a c cc V T ( 2 ) < - - sin — sm — . (3)
3V3 4 1
sin A + sin B + sin C < .
A - B
D a u b a n g t r o n g ( 3 ) x a y ra <^ cos <> A = B .
A p d u n g b o d c suy ra
1 1 ] 3 0 T h c o h;lt driiiiz thi?c C o s i , la c 6 :

1
1 + — 1+ - H 1 1 ^
I sin A J \B J sinC 3v'3 ' 73 f, • ^]
1 sin -f- 1 - sin 2 sin
2 . C 2 1
- sin — sm — (4)
=> d p c m . D;Vu b a n g x i i y ra A B C la t a m g i a c d c u , 27
2/3/Churng m i n h nlui- 1/ vdti chi'i y

Tir(3)(4)suvra VT(2)< (5)
A B C ^ 3N/3 27
cos V c o s — V cos — < C C
2 2 2 ^ 2
D a u b a n g t r o n g (5) x a y ra o 1 - s i n — — 2 s i n — va A = B
. A . B .
s m — \ sin — f sni - < —. C I
2 2 2 - 2 o sin — ^ - va A = B.
I l a i 6. C h u ' n g m i n h r h n g t r o n g m o i l a m g i a c ta c 6 : 2 3
. A . B . C 1 D a u b a n g x a y ra o A B C la t a m g i a c c a n d i n h C vc'ii C = 2 a r c s i n ^ .
1. sin — sin — . s i n — — 1 = •
2 2 V 2 "~ 3 V 3
Ta c 6 :
^ a cos A + b c o s B + c c o s C ^ a + b + c
acosA + bcosB + ccosC = R(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C)
asin A + bsin B 4 c s i n C
= 4RsinAsinBsinC. (1)
A . B C , A B C
3. a Ian h b t a n — + c l a n — > 6 p l a n — Ian — t a n — . T h c o b a l d r i n g ihifc C o s i , t h i
2 2 2 - 2 2 2
; i s i n A + b s i n B + c s i n C > 3\/abcsin A sin B s i n C
BAiaua-a i r y c a f c * gkU Uiyng gUc - Flum Huy Khml C<y Trmn ItTVown Khang V/fit
„ , 2 sin A sin BsinC I

=> asinA + bsinB + csinC > 6R\/sin" A s i n " Bsin" C (2) Vi Ihc
V < —= (I)
Tif(l)(2)suyra ( s i n A + s i n B + sinC)- 3V3
1
<^-^sin AsinBsinC . (3) <=> — < ,11 '•; -
3>/3 p-* ~ 27
a s i n A + b s i n B + csinC 3
(p-a)(p-b)(p-c) ^ I
Dau bang Irong (3) xay ra o A B C la lam giac d c u .
27
V a n ap dung bill dilng thiifc Co si, la c6:
a + b+ c 2 ( s i n A + sinB f sinC) ^ 2 - — — . „ . ^
= — >-N/smAsinBsmC . (4)
o (p-aKp-b)(p-c) (2)
yR 9 3
Dau bang Irong (4) xay ra o A B C la lam giac dcu Thco bal dang thu-c Cosi, la c o :
TiT (3) (4) suy ra dpcm. Dau bSng xiiy ra o A B C la lam giac d c u .
(p-a)(p-b)(p-c)<l<P-">'P-^>^P-^>
3. Thco bal ddng IhiJrc Cosi, la c6:
A ,
alan—hblan
B C ,r A B C
— + c l a n — > 3 . ^ abclan — l a n — l a n — . (I)
2 2 2 ^ V 2 2 2 o (p-a)(p-b)(p-c) <
27
_ . A . B . C
4Rsin sin sin A u Vay (2) diing =:> ( I ) dung dpcm. •,
^ . . , r T T T A B C
Ta lai co: - = f ^ ~ ^ Ian — lan — Ian —
p I D A B C 2 2 2 Ddu bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac d c u . ;<>,, i
' 4Rcos cos cos
2 2 2 5. Ta co:
abc = 4RS = 4Rpr. aMl-73colA) + b-(l-V3COIB) + C'(|-N/3COIC)>() (1)
A B C
Tfifdosuyra abclan — l a n — l a n — = 4 R r ' . (2) o sin- A ( l - V3cot A ) + sin' B(I - ^3cot B) + .sin' c ( l - >/3coic) >0
T h c o bal dang ihtfc lUitng giac ctt ban Irong lam giac i h i o sin- A + sin- B + sin" C > — ( s i n 2 A + sin 2B + .sin2C)
A . B . C ^ 1 - „
s m — s m — s i n — < - => 2r < R (3) o sin- A + sin- B + sin" C > 273 sin A s i n B s i n C .
2 2 2 8 (2)
A B C Thco bat dang thu^c Cosi, i h i
T i r ( 2 ) (3) d i den abc lan — l a n y l a n — > 8r' (4)
sin- A + sin- B + s i n " C > 3^sin A s i n B s i n C
A B C
Tif(i)(4)suyra a l a n — f b t a n - f clan — > 6r (5) => sin^ A + sin^ B + s i n - C > |î2Aî^£±£. (3)
Vsin A s i n B s i n C
A B C , , . A B C A B C
Do p l a n — l a n — t a n — = 4Rcos —cos —cos— lan — l a n —lan —
' 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Ta lai co: T ^ ^ i n X ; ! ; ^ ! ; ; ! ; ^ < ^ + » + ' ^ ^ ^ < ^ (4)
3 2.3
A B C
= 4Rsin — sin — s i n — = r, ncn thay vao (5) c6: T i r ( 3 ) ( 4 ) suy ra
2 2 2
A B C^, A B C ^'n- A + sin- B + s i n ' C > - ^ s i n A s i n B s i n C < 2N/3 sin A s i n B s i n C
a l a n — | - b lan — + clan — > 6 p l a n — l a n —lan —.
2 2 2 2 2 2
ây ( 2 ) d u n g = > ( l ) d u n g => dpcm.
Do la dpcm. Dau bilng xiiy ra <=> A B C la lam giac d c u .
C)a'u biSng xiiy ra A B C la tam giac d c u .
4. Thco dinh ly ham so' sin, Ihi
* ' 7. ChuTng minh riing trong moi lam giac A B C , la c 6 :
2sinAsinBsinC _ 2absinC _ vS
( s i n A + sinB + sinC)- (a + b + c)" p"
• C+ /:+/' < + n; + r ; •
B«}/ duong hpc sinh gjol LUpng giac - rhan lluy Hhal _ Cly Trsini MTV own Khang Vift
(•iiii
ni,. Ml
1. T a c o :
1 T T 1 l a n. -A— + l a i r. —
B , . ICA (>iai
+ lan (1)^
r ; + rb + r, = p ,Ta c o :
2RsinA
^ 2Rsin B 2RsinC
D o l a . r - + l a r r | + U i n - | > l a n | l a n | f l a n | l a n | + l a n | l a n ^ = 1. i . - — 1 1
lii, 2KsinBsinC 2RsinCsinA 2RsinAsinB'
n c n l i r ( 1 ) siiy ra r ; + r,; + r ; > p ' (2): I sin A sinB sin A

f: = 4 ^
A sinBsinC sinCsinA sin A sin B
4 b " c " cos"
' i r d o i h e o b a t d a n g ihi'rc C o s i . l a c o :
(b + c r (b + c)- he (b-tc) 1
^ 4 . A .( > T,,[ s i n A s i n B s i n C ^ ^, (1)
( d o b + c > lyjhc ). ih f'c vsin-Asin-Bsin^C Vsin Asin BsinC
L a i I h e o b a t d a n g ihi'/e C o s i , la e o :
TiTcing lu" c 6 : < p ( p - b ) : /; p(p c)
1 . I
T i r d o d i d e n /; 4 ll + /; < p - . (3) (2)
i/sin A s i n B s m C " A + sin B + s i n C s i n A + sin B + s i n C
T i r ( 2 ) ( 3 ) suy r a d p c m . D a n b a n g Xiiy ra c ^ A B C la tarn g i a c d c i i . 3
2. T a c 6 : T h e o bat d . i n g i h i f c iifttng g i a c c i i b a n I r o n g tani g i a e , I h i

A . 3 ^ _ _2_
2 be cos
(3)
sinA t sinB f sinC ^sf^ x/3
/.,r, =
b + c ' p - a b + cV be p a
i-
Tir ( I ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) d i dO'n — + — + — > 2N/3 dpem.

2N/bc (4) h,, K ll.
/,r, - - - ^ ^ P x / ( p - h ) ( p - e ) .
b + c Dan b ; u i g x a y ra c> A B C la l a m g i a c d e u .
T h c o b a l d a n g lluVc C o s i , i h i T h e o bat dring thi'rc C o s i , la e o :
2Vbcc I \) + (p-e) a a b c ^ fabe
ir'VAK
(I)
b + c^ < 1 v a 7 ( p - b ) ( p - e ) < - ! _ J = /b
pa abe abe
(3)
T i r d o l h a y v a o ( 4 ) va e o : l.^x.^ < ^ ...
'^''"'^ 2beeos^ 2aeeos2abeos
7 9 0
(6)
L a p l u a n liTcing l i / c o : /|,r|, < —- b + c a+ c a 4- b
abe(a + b ) ( b + e)(e + a) (a + b ) ( b + e)(e + a )
(7) (2)
8 ( a b e ) - c o s ^ cos ^ cos ^ Habeeos ^ cos ^ cos ^
C o n g t i r n g v e ( 3 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) e o : /,r, + /,,r|, + /,r, A B C la l a m g i a c d c u .
+ b) > 2y7b, ( b + c) -> 2bc, (e + a) > l^^c
Bai 8, ChuTng m i n h r h n g I r o n g m o i l a m g i a c la eo
: ' £ + b ) ( b + e)(c + a ) ^
• 1
1. iL + J L _ , J ^ > 2 V 3 . 2 . ± , J l + ^>2V^.
h.. h, k /b K
Giai
Cjoi v e trai ciia ba'l d;1ng IhuTc c a n c h t f n g m i n h la T . k h i d o t h c o ba't d ^ n g thi?c
T h c o b a l dang ihi^c liTUng giac c(< han t r o n g tam giac thl
I (3) Co si, ta c6:
1
>
cos cos COS V.î T> ; (1)
2 2 I -) '
^(m, + m , , - m . r t m , + m , --mhr(mh + m , - m j
p c t h a y d a u bang t r o n g ( 1 ) x i i y ra o m., = mh = m , " " ^'

=2>/3 ^dpcm
Thay (2) (3) vao (1) va c6 i y -+j J 3^ o A B C la t a m g i a c d c u .
',1 V ^
Chu y r a n g m^,, m^, n\g la so d o ba c a n h c u a m o t t a m g i a c n a o d o , ncn ta
Dan bang \ay ra c > A B C la lam gi.ic dcii.
c6: m ^ m ^ m ^ > ( m ^ 4 - m h - m j ( m ^ 4 - m , ^ ^ - m ^ K m , , 4 - m ^ - m j . (2)
3. Ta c6: 4 m ^ - 2(b" t c") - a" 2(a- t b ' + c") - 3a-
Dau bang t r o n g (2) xay ra « m,, = mj, = m , A
:^ ( 2 m J - 1 l a v 3 ) ' - - 2 ( a - r b ^ ) c ' ) (I) <=> A B C lii lam g i a c d c u .
(2) Tir(l)(2)suyra T > - p = = i = = . (3)

T h c o bat dflng thufc C u s i . thi , 2m , f t I a v 3 • 2! 2m ,.av3 I
^ 2 2 2
i^m^m^m,.
Tir (1) (2) siiy ra 2(a- -t- b" i - c ' ) 2(2m.,.av3 J
Va d l n h i c n d a u b a n g t r o n g (3) x a y ra o A B C la t a m g i a c d c u
a' + b ' r c-' I 2^3
Lai t h c o bat d a n g thuTc Cosi, t h l
am , am,, a" 4 b ' f c
2v'3
2 ^^ + nih + nic 4- b^ 4- c"
^m,-mhm: < ^ ^= (4)
2v/3a^ (3)
=> m , a" • b" ^ c" Dau bang trong (4) xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac dcu
2v3b- 7
(4)
Lap luan lifdng lif, c6: T a c o : î±}î±!L= R2(si„2 A + sin2 B + s i n ' C ) < - R ^
m,, a" t b' t c" 4 4 •
2j3c^ (thco bat dang thi'rc liTt^ng giac C ( t ban trong tam giac).
(5)
i i \' + b- 4 c" Dau bang trong (5) xay ra <:> A B C la tam giac dcu.^
a bt) c r-
C o n g tifni: \ (3) (4) (5) \ c6: — i i > 2v'3 . Tir (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) .suy ra T > => dpcm. ,
'"b " 1 . 3R^
D o la dpcm. Dau bi'mg xay ra <-•> A B C la tam giac d c u . Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac d c u
Kinh luan: Chii y: (2) di/a vao kct qua sau •<
D o m,, > /., > h,,; nii, > > hh; m^ > I, > h, nC-n Trong m o i tam giac A B C thi abc > (b 4- c - a)(a + c - b)(a 4- b - c) (*)
a b c ^ a b b a b c (*) du'cic churng minh nhiT sau:
K ^ K ^K ' i.i 'h C '"i> '"c Dat X = b 4- c - a > 0; Y = a 4- c - b > 0, Z = a 4- b - c > 0.
V i the thirc chat ta c h i can chiirng minh phan 4/ la suy ra phan 1/. phiin 2/ Khi do thco bat dang thuTc Cosi, i h i -. •« • '<
T i i y n h i c n d day chiing l o i miion di/a ra each chiirng minh triTc l i c p cht) li""" (X + Y ) ( Y + Z ) ( Z + X ) > 8 X Y Z ;(n/i)-
bat diing thufc i r c n . Tdf do suy ra dung. t
B a i 9. Churng minh ri'.ng trong m o i tam giac, ta co: "^î 10. ChuTng minh rang trong m o i tam giac A B C , ta c6: , >) f) .1 '
1 1
1
^ i D h m , > Sp > IM- > h..hhh,.
(m, f m „ - m , r ^(m, + m^-m„r ( m „ + m,, - m , r
hJhA (2KsinBsinC)(2RsinCsi„A)(2RsinAsinB)
Ta c6: 4in^ ^ 2b' + 2c- - a' > ( b f c)" - a" -- ^ ^ R " M n A s i n B s i n C - ) ( 4 R s i n A s i n B s i n C )
=> 4m^ > (b + c f a)(b f c a) - > m.-; > p(p - a); :S.4R.ScosA,„,|,,,£,,„Aî^B^__^C '
;::>m, > 7 l H p - a ) (1)

mk --. S.p.Ssiii — s i n — s m —
Ti/ctiig l i f c o ni|, vP*P'~^'' HK' 2 2 2 (7)
^B) sin- i n '^"Mii ^ - • - , n c i i lif (7) c6: ii.hhli, ' -Sp

Tfr (1) (2) (3) suy ra m , m | , m , > pVpTp^âHp - b)(p - c) - Sp :=> dpcm.
^Viiy ('iI IiiMi: > Jpciii. '
Dan bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac dcii.
Hal 11- C'lufim m i n h laiiu Irong moi lam giac, l a c('): , ^
Do A, > h,; - K. L ^ h, => lAL > h,MuK-
. A H (
Sin — t Mil
La i CO: 2 •>
I sin
•> c o l — f-col — 4 col — > --^ i
-.u A T B . , C ,
2bccos 2accos 2ancos ' - (•iiii
-) 2 2
T l i c o I'.r J a i l ! ' ihirc C \ i s i , Ui c():
b + c^ a + c^~."M^"^
sill ' sill
1 sin^ >3'/sin-sin-sin-
8abc(SR' sin A sin Bsin C)cos ^ cos ^ '-"^ 2 2 V 2 "> (1)
S R ' ( s i n B + - s i n C ) { s i n C + s i n A ) ( s i n A 4 sinB) '•'^ A . B B r r

,, ,„ A , _B C T . ^ ôs - f s i n ^ cos^
A B C A B C \ -ill CO - I c(il — ! col — - 2 J 2 2 2 2
64R.8sin sin sin
abc 2 2 2
cos COS COS • ' ' ' A .~Br~c "•.
2 2 2 2 sin sm sin
. B+ C B C . CfA C A . A + B A - B 2 2 2
16 Sin cos Sin cos sui cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 ' H M laMiieobaidangilureCosi, laco:
-iJ• ''^ t5 C ~A B r
A p dung cac cong Ihi'fc S = ——; p 4R cos —cos—cos—, l i r ( 4 ) c 6 : A li (• M^-'" ^ sin sin cos cos " cos ^
' • ^ " 4R 2 2 2
. A . B . C ' ' ' A ~ B ~ C (2)
SSpsm sin sin 2 sin sin sin
, , , _ ' 2 2 2
'a'b'c C-A N ! i a i i l i r n g \ i - ( l i ( 2 ) , s i i y la
COS cos COS
A H C , A B C
2 2 2 i sill -
c t ) l - - f - a ) l - + c o l - , > j ^ c o l -Ac o l -Bc o l -C (3)
sill — f sin —
2 "> T 9 .-.2 2
R6 rang Irong moi tarn giac A B C , la c6 (tlico bai 2 phan 1/)
Thco bai dilng tliii-c Cosi lai c6
A - B B-C C-A ^ . A . B . C
COS COS COS > 8sin — sin—sin — .
1 -- • A B B e r A
~ l a n - - i a n - + i a n - i a n ^ + tan^lan|:>3^^, , A
2 2 2 2 2 2 B C
TCr do Ihco (5) suy ra IJi^l, < Sp tan —tan —tan —
2 2 2J
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac dcu.
J,;
tanîaniîan^ . '
Nhdn xet: Ro rang Itl' biii i r c n suy ra: Trong moi lam giac la c6
2 2 2 3^3
hah^h, < S p . (6) - . A B C n-
^ w i — c o l - c o l - > 3x/3 .
Tuy nhicn (6) c6 ihc chiVng minh IriCc l i c p nhii" sau: 2 2 2. , .. ^ (4)
Ro rang
(3) (4) suy ra dpcm. Dau b^ng xay ra « A B C la lam giac dû.
CtyTntm l*trv OVVn Khang Vlft
B a i 12. Churng minh n i n g Irong m o i lam giac la c6:
1. ianÂ + t a n ^ | + l a n ^ | > i . — (sin A sin B t sin BsinC + sinCsin A )

4 '
A . B B . C . C . A ( A . B . B . C . C \
2. sinA + sinB + sinC > sin — sin — + sin — sm — + sin — sin — • s IM — s 1 n - - 4 s I n — s I n — -f s 1 n - > i n - (4)
2 2 2 2 2 2, I 2 2 2 2 2 2
_0_a- + ^ h- + — > 2V3S, d day p, q, r la ba so difcJng tiiy y . Ro rang ( s i n A f s i n B t s i n O " ^ 3(sin A s i n B + sin BsinC-f sinCsin A ) (5)
q + r r+ p p+ q Tiir(4) ( 5 ) suy ra:
-, f A B B C C A
(sin A + sin B f s i n C ) ' I 2 s i n — s i n — f-sin—sin — + siii —sin -- (6)
1. Dc diing lha'y rang ' 2 2 2 2 2 2
lan^ A ^ ^^^^^ B ^ | > ,an^ ^ I a n ^ | + tan^ | Ian^ | + tan^ |tan"^ A („ Do ca hai vc ciia (6) dcu diAJnu ncn ta c6:
sin A + s i n B + sinC sin—sin — i-sin — s i n — ^ s i n — s i n —

A B B C C. A
D51 x = lan — l a n —; y = l a n y l a n — ; / ^ l a n y l a n y ; 2 2 2 2 2 2
Do la dpcm. Dau bilng xay ra c > A B C la tain giac d c u .
=> X + y + /. = 1
3, A p dung bii't diing thi'rc Bunhiacopski \('(a + b + c ) '
. X + y + / > (X' + y + z )" (2) q+r +r+p p}q
2 - -, -> (x + y + z) 1 1
tHaiccon: nhicn
(x la
+ yco:
+ /)(x'
x^ + y+' y+' z'
+ /> ' ) > ( x ' + y ' + =z V
r + p • + p•( q
- • (3) •+• (p + q + r ) > - ( a + b + c)^
q+r
Tir ( 2 ) (3) suy ra x ' + y ' + z' > j- (4) pa" qb rc~ 1 1 T 1 •>
+ \- (a- + b- + c-) > - ( a + b + c)^
q + r r + p p + q 2
( 1 ) ( 4 ) d i den dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la tarn giac d e u .
P
2. A p dung ba't diing thiirc Bunhiacopski wfi hai day -a- + - ^ b - + —^c' >-j(a + b + c)--2(a- + b-+c')|(l).
r r+ p pn + u
q 2 ^
A B B C C, A
tan — t a n — , , tan —tan —, tan — I a n — , 1
2 2 \ 2 V 2 2 Ta sc chiyng minh: - (a + b + c ) - - 2 ( a ' + b" + c^)] > 2^/3S . (2)
That vay
- s i n A s i n B , J-sinBsinC, J-sinCsinA,
4 V4 V4 (2) 2ab + 2bc + 2ca - a" - b" - c^ > 4N/3S
ta c6: 1 1
o 4S > 4 V 3 S + 4 S ( c o t A + cot B + c o l C )
A B B C C A s i n A • +sinB
— + •
sinC
tan—tan — + tan—tan— + tan—tan— - s i n A s i n B + - s i n B s i n C + -sinCsinA
2 2 2 2 2 2JU 4 4
1
7 1
<=> - cot A + -cotB + -cotC
A B . B . C . C . A sinA sinB sinC
> sin—sin — + s m — s i n — I - s i n — s i n
2 2 2 2 2 2 A B C /-
o tan — + tan — + tan — > V3 . (3)
2 2 2 -
BAI auaHg a{n sim giai lUjiag giac - man nuy nnnr Cty Timn IVTVDVVH Khang Vl^t
V i (3) diing => (2) dung. TO (1) (2) suy ra dpcm. pî 14. ChiJng minh rang trong moi tam giac A B C ta c6:
Daii bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac dcu. . A . B . B . C . C . A
sm sm sm sm sm sm
B a i 13. Chi'rng minh rang Irong moi tam giac ta c6: __2 2| 2 2| 2 ^ 2 ^ 1
1. h , + h , + h , <pV3. B
•1 )
sm sm sm tan^^4-tan''^4-lan^^ '
b c R73 2 2 2J
2. -+- Giai
hh + h , h , + h , h„+h, 2r
Ta CO menh de phii trd sau:
(]iai .
n £ d | i Neu a,, a2, a, la cac so diTcfng thi h .t H i
1. Ta CO:
(a, + a 2 + a 3 )
\ h|, I h^. - ^ 2 R ( s i n A s i n B + sinBsinC + s i n C s i n A ) . (1) >
aj+a, a^+a, a,+a2 2(af+a^+a^)'
R6 rang ta c6:
A p diing bd de vc'ifi:
, (sinA + sinB + sinC)^
sin A sin B 4 sin BsinC + sin Csin A < (2) . A B B C C A
3 a | = l a n — t a n — ; a, = tan — t a n — ; a, = tan —tan —
2 2 " 2 2 ' 2 2
M a t khac ihco bat dang thiJc liMng giac cd ban trong tam giac thi Ro rang ai + a: + a, = 1, khi do ta c6:
(3) A B C B . C A
sinA + sinB + sinC < . tan tan Ian
tan -
2 2 4-- 2 2 tan - tan —
Tirn)(2)(3)c6: 2 2
A B B C ' C A
1 - tan tan l-tan^tan 1 - t a n tan
h,,+ 1 h^. < V 3 R ( s i n A + sinB + sinC) = pV3 2 2 2 2 2 2
Do la dpcm. Dau bang .xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac dcu. 1
> (1)
2, Do v . i i tro ciJa a, b, c la nhiT nhaii, ncn khong giiim tdng quiit c6 the cho la 2A 1 B , B 9 C
t a n ' ^ tan" 4-lan^ , tan^ ^tan^^lan^^
a hh > h , Mat khac lai c6:
=> hh + h , < h , + hi. < h , + hh A +1,„41^

tan^ A ^ B ^^^^4 C ^ B ^^^^2|C ^
A ^^^^2 B ^ ^^^^ B
— lan'^
y t a n ^ A(2)
1 1 2
. >
h, 4 h , > h,. h„
(2) , A
tan tan
B C A
Ian Ian lan tan
- ^ 2 2 2 2 2 2
A p diing bat dang thuTc TrebOsep v d i hai day (1), (2) la co: 4-
, . A B B e C A
1 - tan tan 1-tan tan 1-tan tan -
•4-- -4- • < - ( a + b + c) (3) 2 2 2 2
2 2
h|,+h, h,4-h, h , 4 h|, 3 h„4-h, h,4-h, ha+hb . A . B . B . C . C . A
sm sin sin - sin sin sin
Ta c6: a + b + c = 2R(sinA + sinB + sinC) < 3V3R (4) = , 2 2 4- 2 2 4- 2 2
A + B B4-C C +A
cos cos
3V3 2 cos
do în A + sinB 4-sinC < 2
2 . A . B B . C . C . A
sin - sin sin - sin - .sin sin -
L a i do h,, > h,, > h , ^ - 2 2 2 2 4- 2 2
4- (3)
1 1 1 1 1 1 . C . A . B
_1_ sin-- sin-
hb + h ,
-4-
h,+h,
—
h,+h„
< -
2 ha -4- — + (5) sin — 2 2
h|, h,. 2r
ây gicf tir (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm. Dau b i n g xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu.
TiT (3) (4) (5) suy ra dpcm. Dau bhng xay ra -r? A B C la lam giac deu.
B6I duing
CM y:
h9C minh gldn^gal^c - Fhan Huy Khai
1 I
— + — T T ^
sin-C sin- A ^^^^,^2
IT-
B
(6)?
^
1. ChiJng minh b d dc di/a viio ba'l dang ihiJc Bunhiacopski bang each x c l vrtj 2
Da'u bang trong (5), (6) xay ra liMng I'rng khi B = C, C = A
hai day sau:
Til' (4) (5) (6) suy ra dpcm. Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giiic d c u
[a, +a, •ya, + a 2 2. I'hiln nay da chiTng minh trong bai 3.
i,,,:,
^ M a T + a T ) . ,yaT(a7+a7), Va^Ca, + a 2 ) . 3. 'la co:
A . B . B . C . C . A 5 r
2. Ta C O k c t qua tiTdng tiT sau: Trong lam'giac nhon i h i sm — s m — + sm — s m — h s i n —sm— < - H (I)
2 2 2 2 2 2 S 4R
cot A cot B c o l B cot C col C col A
colC cot A colB ~ 2 ( c o f * A + col-*B + col-'c)' A D

. A . B
o r -
B . C . C . A 5
A c
c> sm — s m — h s m — s i n — h s i n — s m — < - H
4Rsin
•)
sm sm
2 9
'
— .
B a i 15. Chiyng minh rang trong m o i tam giac ta c6: 2 2 2 2 2 2 " ' 8 4R
1 1 I ^ I 1 1 A B B . C C A 5 1
c> sin — s m — I - sm — s m — h sm —sm — < - + - ( c o s A + cosB + cosC - 1)
sin A sin B sin C ''A 7B iC 2 2 2 2 2 2 " 8 4
2 2 2 ^ , . A . B . C
d o c » ) s A f cosB + cosC — 1 + 4 s i n — s i n — s m —
A B . B C . C . A 2 2 2
2. 2 sin—sin — + sin —sm— f sm—sin — < cos A + cos B + c o s C .
2 2 2 2 2 2 I A . B B . C C . A 1, . „ ^ . ^ 5 ,
t o sin — s i n — h sin — s i n — h sm —sm (cosA + cosB + cosC - I ) < — (2)
A B . B . C . C . A ^ 5 r
3. s i n - s m - + s m - s m - + s m - s m - < - + - I 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 "8
I Thco phiin 2/ ta co:
Giai
j V T ( 2 ) < - ( c o s A + cosB + cosC) - - ( c o s A + c o s B + c o s C - 1 ) ;. ;
I 2 4
1. Thco ba'l ddng lhi?c Cosi, la co:
i 1. 1 1 3 1 ^
, = > V T ( 2 ) - ( c o s A + cosB + cosC) + - < - - f -
sinÂ sin^B sin A sin B ! 4 4"42 4
L a i thco ba'l d i n g thuTc Cosi, i M do cos A + cos B -f cosC < -
• ^ . > - ^ ^ = (2.
sin A sin B f sinAsinB (sin A + sin Br VT(2) < - .
8
2
Vay (2) dung ^ (1) dung =^ dpcm. Da'u biing xay ra o A B C la tam giiic dcu.
Ta lai c6:
o T A+ B A - B ^ C A - B ^ , C
^- Phi/(/nK phsip siir dung phep bicn doi \\iifnn jjiac
sm A H-sinB = 2sin cos = 2cos—cos < 2cos— (3)
2 2 2 2 - 2 Trong miic nay cong cii chii yen dc chifng minh cac bat dang thifc lif(.<ng giac
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) s u y ra
Irong tam giac la si'r dung chii y c u cac phcp bicn ddi lildng giac Sii cap, ma it
- ^ + 4->-^^
sin^ A Mn^ B ^
(4) dung den ciic cong c i i manh hi<n.
1. Chufng minh rang irong m o i lam giac, ta co:
2
Da'u bhng trong (4) xay ra <=> A = B . 1 > A + s i n B + sinC ^ cos S cos ^ + cos ^
<2. 2 ^ ^ ^<2
T i T d n g l i r c o : -X^ + - ^ > ^ . (5) c o s A + cosB + cosC . A . B . C
sin^B sin^C sm +sin +sin
2 2 2
Giai
Tift^ng 111* cc): cosBcosC < sin" — , (2)
1. Trong m o i tam giac ta c6: 2
A + B A-B
>0. ci)sCcos A < sin" — .
cosA + cosB = 2 cos 2 cos 2
V i sinC < 1 sinC(cosA + cosB) < cos A + cosB. {1) Da'u bang trong (2), (3) xiiy ra liMng u"ng khi B = C; C = A .
Dau bang trong ( ! ) xay ra o C = 90". Do A B C la tam giac nhon nen cosA > 0. cosB > 0, cosC > 0; vl the nhan tCrns.'
L a p luan tiTctng lif c6: sinA(cosB + cosC) < cosB + cosC, (2) A B C
ve (1) (2) (3) va c6: cosAcosBcosC < sin — sin —sin — .
sinB(cosC + COHA) < cosC + cosA. (3) I l l
" " ~ ifftfl* <}•
D a u bang trong (2), (3) tUdng iJng xiiy ra khi A = 9()"; B = 90". - Do la dpcm, Da'u bang xay ra A B C la tam giac deu
Cong lifng vc (1) (2) (3) va dc y rang khong the ddng thtJi c6 da'u bang ironu jV//flH xet: Ta cho mot minh hoa hnih hoc dep mat cho bai loan Iren. '*'
(1)(2)(3), ncnco: Gia siir A B C la lam giac nhon.
(sinCcosA + sinAcosC) + (sinCcosB + sinBcosC) + (sinAcosB + sinBcosA) DT nhien theo bai iren ta eo: .s;
< 2(cosA + cosB + cosC) cosAcosBcosC sin — sin—sm —.
sin(C + A ) + sin(C + B) + sin( A + B)
-<2
cos A + cos B + cos C Khi do neu goi r la ban kinh difiing Iron noi liep A A B C , i h i :
A B C . A . B . C
r - 41<sin — sin — sin — .
do cos A + cosB + cosC 1 + 4 sin—sin—sin — > 1 7 1 1
2 2 2
sin A + s i n B + sinC i1 day R la ban kinh difi~<iig iron ngoai liep A A B C
dpcm.
cos A + cos B + cosC Ba chieu cao ke liY A . B, C ciia / \ A B C
2. G i i i i hoan toan tu'dng tif nhifphan 1.

a d . .> lu'(fng I'riig cat dirifng iron ngoai tiep
tam giac tai A ' , B', C . K h i do neu goi r'
B a i 2. Chufng m i n h rang trong moi tam giac la c6
:;:)T la ban kinh dirCJug iron noi tiep
A B C
1. cosAcosBcosC < sin — sin —sin — .
z ^ A ' B ' C . Ta c6:
2 2 2
A' B' C'
a- + b - + c- a be
[cot A f col B + c o t C
< A B C r' - 4 R s i n — s i n - - s i n ~ , l i day chii y rang ban kinh duTing l i o n ngoai liep
tan tan tan
2 2 2
A A ' B ' C cung la R. ••• 6
3. (1 + b + c " be)cosA + (1 + c + a - ca)eosB + (1 + a + b ~ ab)cosC < 3. Ta eo: A ' = A A ' B ' - f A A ' C ' - A B B ' + A C C '
= 90" - A + 90" - A = 1X0"- 2 A
Giai
1. • Neu A B C la lam giac c6 goe l i i hoac goc vuong ihi V T < 0, con VP > 0, vaV A' A'
=> — = 90" A sin —- cos A
2 2
bat dang ihi'fc hien nhiC-n diing.
B' C'
• Neu A B C la tam giac nhon. Ta c6 TiTctng ur sin — =^ cosB; sin — cosC
2 2
cosAcosB = — cos(A + B)-f C O S ( A ^ - B ) COS(A-B)-COSC
=> r' = 4RcosAeosBeosC ^
C Tir (=1^) C'-i^*) suy ra ( * ) c > r ' < r '

TCr do suy ra cosAcosB < —(1 - cosC) sin" (1)
^ 2 2 Do chinh la minh hoa hlnh hoc cho bat dang thiJc Iren (doi vc'ii trircJng h((|i
Dau bang trong (1) xay ra o A = B. A B C ia tam giac nhon).
374
2. V i a' + b" + c" = 4S(colA + cotB + colC), ncn
R = liLljJzi+J^ll+lb- + c- - a-) + (a- + h- +
R ) _ a- + b" + ^~
a^ + b- + c- ant-
< A B C
(1)
cotA+CDlB + colCj
lan
">
tan
7
tan
9 Vay S < ^ f (a + b + c) - i i - ± i L ± ^
2 9
2. 2 2
<=> 64S' < bB
c (2)i S<
3 - a - J ) - + ( b - i r + ( c - 1)-
Aa C•
tan ^ lan ^ lan ^
Po la dpcm. Dau bang .xay ra o A B C la lam giac d c u canh bang 1.

T h c o dinh l i ham so cosin, la c6:
Bai 3. Churng minh rhng Irong m o i lam giac A B C . la c6:
a" = b ' + c" 2bcL()sA > 2bc 2bcLi)sA = 4bcsin"
• 2 c i ) s A s i n B s i n C + N/3(sinA 4 cosB + cosC)< — .
2 4bcsm . .
B (>iai
• — ^ = 4bcsm —cos— = 4S
A A 2 2 Hrhco dinh li ham so cosin vii dinh li ham so' sin, la c6:
lan lan-
^•1 A b" t c" - a" sin"Bsin"C-sin"A £
^•|)sA = =
2 be sin B sin C
4S. (3)1
lan
>4S.
2 cos A sin B sin C + S{ sin A + cos B + cos C) < — (1)
L a p liian lifdng lif c6; 4
B
tan
o sin- B 4 sin^ C - .sin^ A + 73(sin A + c.s B \) < 12
4S. (5)
o 2 - cos- B - cos- C .sin- A + ^3 .sin A + V3 cosB + ^3 cosC < -
lan
" 4
Nhan liTng vc (3) (4) (5) suy ra (2) dung =>( 1) dung ^ dpcm. cosC- 4-^ V3
+ sin A
cosB- - >0. (2)
Dau bring xiiy ra <=> A B C la lam giac dcu.
3. D i l l S la vc trai ciia bat dang thiVc can chifng minh. Ta c6: Vi ( 2 ) diing ( i ) diing :=> dpcm
.S = (cosA + cosB + cosC) + |(b + c)cosA + (c + a)cosB + (a + b)cosC|
cosC=r
(abcosC + bccosA + cacosB)- 2
D a l P = cosA + cosB + cosC B = C = 30"
Dau bang xay ni
Q = (b + c)cosA + (c + a)cosB + (a + b)cosC a o 0
A = 120"
R = abcosC + bccosA + cacosB.
sin A =
K h i d o S = P + Q - R. (1)
T h c o bat dang Ihilrc li/dng giiic C(f ban Irong lam giac i h i ^ 2' ^ A B C la lam giac can dinh A \i g6c ('< dinh = 120".
4. Churng minh rfing irong m o i tarn giac la c6:
Ta c6:
B
Q = 2R(sinC + sinA)cosB + 2R(sinA + sinB)cosC + 2R(sinB + sinC)cosA 1 + c o s - + lan — 1 - i c o s - ^ + lan-C p(R + r ) + R(4R + r)
= 2Rsin( A + B ) + 2Rsin(B + C) + 2Rsin(C + A ) = a + b + c. ^
2 J 2 2
J +COS-
2j
> pR
(;iai L a p luan li/cJiig ur, la co:
Difa bat dAng ihiTc can clu'riig miiili vc dang lifdng difdng sau B C
cosB + cosC - cos(B ~ C) > 1 - 4sin—sin— , (4)
A B , C-1 A B . C 2 2 . . i -.'.î^; Vr
lan h l a n — ^ - l a n — + sin— ( sin — - f - s i n —
') 7 2 "> 2 2 cosC + cosA - cos(C - A ) > I - 4sin—sin — . (5)
Thci) cac bai iron h i c n nhicn la c6: 2 2 Sr; i:.
• Da'ii bilng irong (4), (5) Uhing rfng xay ra c:> B = C; C = A . ^ I ' ^ i ' . >'
A B C (2)
sin f- sin — f sin — > cosA + cosB + cosC. T i r ( 3 ) (4) (5) suy ra
2 2 2 A . B . B . C C A
A ' B C V T ( 2 ) > 3 - 4 ^ ' " ^ ^ ' " T + ' ^ ' " ~ ^ ' n — + sin—sin —
Lai CO cosAcosBcosC I + 4Rsin—sin—sin — (6)'
2 2 2 2 . 2 2 22
2 2 2
. A . B . C Dau bang Irong (6) xay ra o A B C la lam giac dcu
«4Rsin sin sin
• ' 2 2 2 Thco phan 2/ PhiftJng phap sir dung bai dang thifc kinh dicn (bai 15) la co:
= I+
R . A . B . B . C C A
sin —sin — + s i n - s i n — + sin —sin — < cos A f cosB + cosC < ^ ( 7 ) .
A . B . C _ I- 2 2 2 2 9 T
sin—sin —sin— ' I I —
2 2 2 ~ R Tir (6) ( 7 ) suy ra V T (2) > 0. V a y (2) dung ( I ) di'ing => dpcm.
Thco phan dring tJiiTc tiong lam giac, ta c6: Dau bilng xay ra c:> A B C la lam giac dcu.
A . B . C 4R 4 I
sin — sin—sin— = Bai 6. Chijfng m i n h rang Irong moi lam giac A B C va v d i m o i so x, y, z > 0, la co:
2 2 2 p - c o s A + - c o s B + -cosC 1: h^^H .
V a y (1) dung ^ dpcm. Daii biuig xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac d c u . X y /. 2y/. 2/x 2xy yi
B a i 5. Chiirng minh rhng Irong m o i lam giac la c6: Ciiai
3(cosA + cosB + cosC) > 2(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA).
Ta c(): i c o s A + - c o s B t - c o s C < — + ^ + - ^ (1)
Ciiiii X y / 2y/ 2/.X 2xy
Ta co: <=> X" + y" + / " - 2y/.cosA - 2x/cosB - 2xycosC > 0
3(cosA + cosB + cosC) > 2(sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA) (I) o X"(C()S-'B + sin"B) + y'(cos-'A + sin'A)
<=> 3{cosA + cosB + cosC)
+ /,•' - 2yzcosA - 2xzcosB + 2xycos(A + B) > 0
> cos(A - B ) - cos(A + B) + cos(B - C) - cos(B + C) + cos(C - A ) - cos(C + o ( x ' c o s ' B + y ' c o s ' A + 2xycosAcosB) + / ' - 2/(ycosA + xcosB)
o 2(cosA + cosB + cosC) > cos(A - B ) + cos(B - C ) + cos(C - A )
+ (x"sin"B + y ' s i n ' A - 2xysinAsinB) > 0
<=> |(cosA + cosB - cos(A - B ) | + [cosB + cosC - cos(B - C ) | o (xcosB + ycos.A)-' + /•"' - 2/(xcosB + ycosA) + (xsinB - y s i n A ) ' > 0
+ IcosC + cosA - cos(C - A ) | > 0. (2)
o (xcosB + ycosA - / )' + (xsinB - ysinA)" > 0. (2)
l a co; cos A + cosB - cos(A - B ) = 2 c o s — cos 2 cos ^' Vl(2)diing >(l)dung->dpcm

1 2
x c o s B + y c o s A - / . = () (3)
A - B A HB A -B ".'lu biuig Xiiy ra <=>
= 1 + 2 cos cos COS xsin B - y s i n A = 0 _ (4)
xsin B
, A - B . A . B Tir (4) CO: y = —
= l-4cos sin — sin —
2 2 2
. . A . B " l a y vao (3) \ co: xcosB + LL^yô
Tir do suy ra cosA + cosB - cos(A - B) > 1 - 4 s i n y s i n ^ (3). sin A
^(MnAcosB + sinBcosA) = / s i i i A
Da'ii bang irong (3) xay ra <-> A = B.
xsiiiC
x s i n ( A + B ) = / s i n A => / = . (6)
K h ) d(') ( 4 ) c:> p - + ,-• + 4 R r < 2 p - _ 2 r ' - 8Rr
sin A
<=> 3r-' + l2Rr<p-
TCf ( 5 ) ( 6 ) suy ra x : y : / = sinA : sinB : sinC = a : b : c
<-> 3 r ( 4 R + r) < p-'
V a y d a n b h n g x i i y ra <=> l a m g i a c c6 ba c a n h x, y , / d o n g d a n g \('fi tarn gijic ABc
4. V a i phvCdna p h a p k h a c c h i i ^ n ^ m i n h b a t dan}> thiiTc l i / ' / n ^ ^ i a c I , . A . B . C
12R^sin-sin-sin-4 1 + sin — s m — s i n —
2 2 2• 2 2 2
T r o n g m u c n a y la x c l m o l so phiftJng p h a p d a c b i c t d c chiVng m i n h cac hii'i
d a n g ihi'fc l i f t i n g g i a c I r o n g l a m g i i i c . C i i c phiTdng p h ; i p h i i y d i m g d e n
< l6R\o.s-^cos-'-^cW£
- Phi/iing p h i i p l a m ihuTc bite h a i 2 2 2
A B C
- PhiTdng p h i i p suf d u n g l i n h chiYl n g h i c m c i i a phif(<ng I r l n h di.ii so A \\ , <-""^ eos
< ^ 3 l a n - tan - tan •: 2 2 2_
- Phif(tng p h i i p \J
2 2 2 ^ , . A B , C •
- P h i f d n g p h i i p c h i c i i b i e n i h i c n h i i m so. I f sm sin sin
T 7 2
B a i 1. ChuTng m i n h r a n g I r o n g m o i l a m g i i i c , la c 6 : V i i y (.'^1 la d . i n ; j lifttiig liTng v('<i b i l l d r i n g i h i / c d i i c h o . T u y nhiC'n difi'li d i i n g
+ r" + 4 R r < a" + b" + c". i i i i y e h i i e c h ; i n d o la m o t b ; i l d i u i g i h i f c k h o n g d e chiirng m i n h .
(litii |{iii 2. ( I ' n g i l n n g l i c h \ hiA'fng d e chiifng m i n h Ciic b a t d i i n g Ihiife lifc^ng giae
Tif p - a = r col — \h a = 2R.sinA, suy ra Ian — — — - — ; s i n A = trong l a m gi.ic)
2 ;:!.mA'Miiiim: 2 p-a 2R
I. C h i i ' n g m i n h r i n g I r o n g m o i l a m g i i i c ta c 6 : ^
A
2lan ^
^ r ( ) s A + cosB + cosC • ^ .
M i l l k h i i c la c 6 : sin A = —
. A
1 + lan" ^ ^ U h i i ' n g m i n h r a n g irong m o i l a m giiic n h o n , la co:
2 ^P^s2A + cos2B + cos2C > -

^. a p —a i' 2r(n-a)
Tir do di den — = '—^— => — = T- 3. C h i i ' n g m i n h r a n g t r o n g m o i l a m g i i i c l a c o :
2R r- 2R (p_a)-+r-
(p-ar WL >/3(COS2A COS2() + eos2B < ^ .
a ' - 2 p a ' + a ( p - + r" + 4 R r ) - 4 R p = 0. (1)

B >/3eos2A + 2 e o s 2 B + 2 V 3 c o s 2 C >-4.
T i r ( l ) suy ra a I i i n g h i c m c i i a phiftfng I r i n h
K (N/5 + l ) ( c o s 2 A + e o s 2 B ) - ( 3 + y5)cos2C<4+75.
- 2 p x ' + x(p- + r- + 4Rr) - 4Rp = 0 . (2)
T i f d n g 11/ b, c c i m g l i i c i i c n g h i c m c i i a (2)
^R'y Ciic v e e l d c,, e , , e , n h i f h i n h v e v i i c o d o d a i l i i I , tiVc e, = 1, V i = 1, 2, 3
D o v a y i i p d u n g d i n h U V i c l V(1fi ( 2 ) , la c 6 :
a b + be + ca = p " + r" + 4 R r (3)

Bicn n h i e n la c o :
R 6 r a n g a b + be + ca < a" + b " + c" (4) • p l + C 2 + e , ) >()
T i r ( 3 ) ( 4 ) suy ra a^ + b " + c" > p ' + r" + 4 R r • > 3 + 2cos(c|,i;2) + 2eos(e|,C;,) + 2 e o s ( c 2 . e , ) >0
D o l i i d p c m . Dii'u b a n g x i i y ra o A B C Ux l a m g i i i c d c u .
^ 3 - 2cosB - 2eosA - 2eosC > 0 -f
Nhqit xet: T a c 6 a ' + b ' + c ' = (a + b + c ) ' - 2 ( a b + be + ea)
^ cosA + eosB + eosC < -
= 4 p ' - 2 ( p - + r ' + 4Rr) (lhco(3))
2 •
= 2p' - 2r' - 8Rr dpcm.
B61 du6ng bpc sinh gidl LUpng glAc - Fhan Huy Khal
Da'u bhng xay ra <=> c, + + = 0 ay la c6: ^ O A , + - y - O B | - ^ O C , 0 hay OA, + 7 3 0 6 , - O C , = 0 .

<=> A B C la tarn giac d c i i ( x c m hinh vc ben)
Difa vao bo de tren dau bSng xay ra <=:> A = 15"; B = 60"; C = 105". ;j , •
Nhan xet:
f,/c/ Chifng minh tu^dng \\i nhu" phan a/. . ^ : ;
Day la each g i i i i khac dc chtfng minh
Dau bang irong hi xay ra <=> A = 45"; B = 60"; C = 75".
ba't dang ihdrc li/dng giiic cd ban Irong
Dau bang trong c/ xay ra <=> A = B = 36"; C = 108".
tam giac. gai 3. (ufng dung tam thuTc bac hai) ,
cosA + cosB + cosC < — . Chiang minh rang trong m o i tam giac la co:
2
1 a'(p " h)(p - c) + b-(p - c)(p - a) + c-(p - a)(p ~ b) absin'A + bcsin'B + casin'C.
Giai
T a c o : (OA + O B + Ocf >()
1. DiTa ba'l dang ihuTc can chi'rng minh ve dang ti/ctng di/dng .sau:
3 R ' + 2 R ^ ( t m ( o A , O B ) + eos(oA,Oc) + cos(oB,Oc)) > 0
b^
( p - a ) ( p - b ) ( p - c)
o 3 R ' + 2R'(cos2C + cos2B + cos2A) > 0 p-a • +p - b - + •p - c j < ( p - a + p - b + p - c f R2(I).
o cos2A + cos2B + cos2C > - - . Dal p - a = X, p - b = y, p - c = z. K h i do x > 0, y > 0, z > 0.

2 Luc niiy
D o la dpcm.
Dau bang xay ra o O A + OB 4- OC = 0 (1) o a'yz + b^zx + c'xy < ( X + y + Z ) ' R ' . (2)
Theo dinh l i h a m .so sin, ihi
o OHÔ
(2) o 4yzsin"'A + 4zxsin''B + 4xysin'C < (x + y + z)^
o H = 0o A B C la lam giac dcu
c:> 4yzsinÂ + 4zxsin'^B + 4xysin'C < x ' + y" + + 2xy + 2xz + 2yz
(cl day H la triTc tam A A B C ) .
o x ' + 2x(y - 2ysin'C + z - 2zsin'B) + 2yz - 4yzsin'A + y^ + > 0
3.
<=> X- + 2x(ycos2C + zcos2B) + 2yz.cos2A + y^ + > 0 (3).
a. G o i O la tam diTdng Iron ngoai liep A A B C
Quan niem ve trai cua (3) la tam thiJc bac hai ciia x.
T a c o : (oA + V ^ O B - O c ) > 0
Ta CO he so'ciia x~ la 1 > 0, con
«5R'+2R' V 3 C O S ( O A , O B ) - V 3 C O S ( O B , O C ) - >/3eos(oC,OA)l > 0 A' = (ycos2C + zcos2B)^ - y" - r - 2yzcos2A
<x> 5R^ + 2R^ [ 7 3 COS2C - ^ 3 cos2A - CO.S2B] > 0 = y-(co.s'2C - 1) + z-(cos^2B - 1) + 2yzcos2Ccos2B - lyicoslA
= - y l s i n ' 2 C - z'sin2B + 2yz(cos2Ccos2B - cos2A)
<=> N / 3 ( C O S 2 A - C O S 2 C ) + COS2B<-.
= - y ' s i n 2 C - z:sin2B + 2yz|cos2Ccos2B - cos(2B + 2C)1
2
= - y ' s i n 2 C - /'sin2B + 2yzsin2Bsin2C
Do la dpcm. De phat hien ra khi nao da'u bang xay ra dung bo de sau day:
= - ( y s i n 2 C - zsin2B)- < 0 .
Bd^de: D i e u k i e n can va du de O la tam difdng Iron ngoai liep A A B C la:
T'heo dinh l i ve da'u tam thuTc bile hai suy ra (3) dung =i> dpcm
OA sin 2 A + O B sin 2 B + O sin 2C = 0
•âu bang xay ra o A B C l i i lam giac d c u . ' ''
(chiyng minh xem Irong cac tai lieu hwih hoc lOchifrtng vectri) I ^hu-ng minh lifdng liT nhi/phan 1/.
X e t AA|B,C| CO A , = 15"; B, = 60"; C, = 105".
4. Cho tam giac A B C v d i A > B > C. Gpi d la khoang c^ch giffa tam diTctng
K h i do s i n 2 A , = - ; s i n 2 B , = — ; .sin2C| = s i n 2 1 0 " = - - ^^'n ngoai tiep va npi tie'p ciia tam giac. Chi?ng minh r^ng:
' 2 ' 2 ' 2
^•^tosA < R - d < 2RcosB < R + d < 2RcosC. •' '
B 6 I d u a n g hpc sinhgldlLupnggl^c -rhan Huy Khal
(]iai j j j i 5 . Cho tam giac A B C c6 m o l goc > ~ . Chi?ng minh:

Thco cong Ihu-c [uilcr la c(r. = 2Rr (I)
A B C ^
Tuf (1) va ihco dinh h' V i c l suy ra R a, R + d la hai nghicm ciia phuTcJng inm^ lan 1- I a n — | - lan
2 2 2
r(x) = x ^ - 2 R x + R ' - d - = ( ) . (2)
Ro rang liV ( i ) , la c6: Giai
2Tr
( 2 ) c : > l ( x ) = x- - 2Rx + 2 R i = ( ) . (3) S Gia su" A >
3 2 3 2J
Ta c6: r(2Rct)sA) = 2R(2Rc()s-A - 2RcosA + r)
. B+ C B + C
= 2R-{2cos-A 2cosA + — ) B C o sin
R Ta co: lan — + tan — =: 2 _ _
. . A . B . C 2 2 B C 1 B+C B-C
= 2 R ' 2CDS" A - 2 c ( ) s A f 4sin —sin —sin — cos —cos- cos - - +COS
2 2 2 2 2 2
. B+ C 2 2
A B C B C T
= 2R'^ C()s2A - 2c()sA - f i + 4 s i n —sin—sin — lan—hlan — > ^ sm^ + C
2 2 2 ^ = 2 l a n - ^
B+C 2B+C
= 2R'(COS2A - ct)sA + cosB + cosC) I + cos cos'
A B C B C f7T_ A
do cos A - f cosB + c o s C = 1 + 4 s i n —sin —sin — => tan — + t a n — > 2lan
2 2 2J 4 ' 4 j
B+C B-C , . 3A . A ]
= 2 R ' 2cos cos 2sin—sin — . A B C A fTT__ A
2 2 2 2, tan - + tan - + tan - > tan — + 2 tan (1)
^ 2 2 2 4 4,
A
= 4R~ sin—cos B cos c - 2 Dau bang trong (1) xay ra c> B = C.
1
IT C „ C Xcl ham so ("(x) = tan - + 2 tan TT X V 2-n ^
Vi A > B > C < ^ B < - 9 4 ~4i
2 2 2 2 I
TT ii ^ B TT 71 X 2X
< <C < - - COS -
Taco: l ' ( x ) - _ — ! _ _ _ 4 4,
2 2 2 2 2
TT X •TT_X'
2cos' ^ 2cos^ 2cos^ '^cos^
cos X); cos|C-- >0 4 4, 2 4 4,
->
2TT
Vay r(2Rct)sA) > 0. ^ a y K x ) la ham dong bicn ircn
Ti/dng lir l(2RcosC) > 0; r(2RcosB)< 0.
T'u'do suy ra: '
Tit l"(2RcosB) < 0, ncn ihco dinh l i vc dau cua tarn lhi?c bac hai ta c6:
. A '7T_A [27:]
R - d < 2RcosB < R + d. lan— + 2 tan = l(A)>f
I J
2 4 4, = l a n ^ + 2 l a n ~ - = 4-V3 (2)
Do A > C => cosA < cosC => 2RcosA < 2RcosC 3
Do A > B > C T t f ( l ) { 2 ) s u y radpcm.
=> 2RcosA < 2RcosB < 2RcosC ma l U R c o s A ) > 0; r(2RcosC) > 0, ncn
lâu bring xay ra « A = B =C . ^ o A B C la lam giac can dinh A v d i
theo djnh l i vc dau lam ihiJc bac hai la c6:
2RcosA < R - d < 2RcosB < R + d < 2RcosC ^'>c d dinh b a n g . ^
Do la dpcm.
B a i 6. Chu-ng minh rang trong m o i lam giac, la c 6 : <=> 2 + 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) - 2cosAcosBcosC
1 , 1 , 1
colA + colB + colC + < 2 < — (cosA + cosB + cosC). (1)
sin A sinB sinCj 6 ^
Giai ' Theo he thtfc lufdng giac cd ban trong tam giac, la c6:
cos'A + cos'B + cos^C = 3 - (sin^ + sin^B + sin^C)
colA + colB + colC + < 2 (1)
sin A sinB sinC I = 3 - (2 + 2cosAcosBcosC) = 1 - 2cosAcosBcosC
Vay
2 ] <-3V3 (2)
eolC--
+
col A - • colB--
sin A sinBJ sinC j (!)<=> cosÂ + cos^B + cos^C + 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) + 1
X e t h a m so f ( x ) = c o t x - - — v d i 0 < x < TI < — (cosA + cosB + cosC)

smx • 6
1 2cosx 2cosx-l
i <=> (cosA + cosB + cosC)^ + 1 < — (cosA + cosB + cosC). (2)
^ f'(x) = 2 - + - ^ = — ^ •
K ^
sin X sm x sm x
• A B C
TCf do CO bang x e l dau sau:
I Do cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4 s i n — s i n — s i n — => cosA + cosB + cosC > 1.
X IT 2 2 21
0 7C V i the (2) s=> cos A + cosB + cosC +
3 <-'^ (3)
c o s A + cosB + cosC 6
i"'(x) + 0
L Thco bat d a n g thu'c luTOng g i a c cd b a n trong tam g i a c Ihi
i
1
f(x) cosA + cosB + cosC < —
2
1(A) = col A _ 2 < V i the tir (3) xet ham so l(x) = x + - vdi 1 < x < -
sin A X 2 ;
TCr biing bicn ihicn ta c6: 1(8) = cot B - 2 <- T a c o : l-'(x) = l — L = ^ > 0 Vx 6 ,;1
sinB
X X 2
r(C) = c o l C - 2 <. -41. • f ( x ) la ham dong bie'n Iren
sinC
Nhif the (2) dung => (1) diing => dpcm.

Dau bang xay ra c=> A B C la lam giac d c u .
Tir do suy ra V T (3) = l"(cosA + cosB + cosC) < f = 1 + 1-11
2 3 ~ 6•
B a i 7. Chiirng minh rang trong m o i tam giac, la c6: Vay (3) dung => (1) dung => dpcm.
1 + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
Dau bang xay ra o cosA + cosB + cosC = - <=> A B C la lam giac deu.
< — (cosA + cosB + cosC) + cosAcosBcosC.
12 'âi 8. Cho A B C la l a m giac khong c6 goc lu. Chijrng m i n h :
Giai
1 (cos3A + cos3B) - 1 (cos2A + cos2B) + cosA + cosB > 1.
V i c l lai b a i dang thu'c can chu'ng minh difdi dang liTdng di/dng sau 3 2 6
2 + 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) Giai
< — (cosA + cosB + cosC) + 2cosAcosBco'' i Du'a bat dang thu'c can chu'ng minh vc dang tiTdng du'dng sau:
6
BOi auong nf}t xinn giui vujjiiy ymc -1 nun MMuy iwar Cty Timn nrv P VVn Hhang Vi^t
i ( 4 cos-^ A - 3 cos A + 4 cos-^ B - 3 cos B ) - ^ { 2 cos^ A - 1 + 2 cos" B - 1) § 2 . BAT D A N G THLTC LUONG GIAC C 6 DIEU KIEN
+ cosA + cosB > Trong muc nay xet cac ba'l dang thiJc lifdng giac trong tam giac c6 dieu
kien (no cung giong nhu" trong muc xet cac dang thuTc iu-dng giac c6 dieu
<=> — cos"* A - c o s ^ A + -cos-^B-cos^B > kien).
3 l3 " 6 \ Dieu kien cho dif('/i dang he thufc dai so'hoac lif</ng giac ; ,
<=>f(A) + l " ( B ) > - - , (I) A B
6 IJai 1-Cho lam giac ABC thoa man dieu kien tan—htan — = 1.
2 2
4 3 3 C
a day f(x) = -x-^ - x ' vdi 0 < x < 1. Chiang minh: - < t a n ^ < 1.
Ta c6: t''(x) = 4x^ - 2x, va c6 bang bicn ihicn si

sau Giai
X I A B
0 In 1 — tan tan
2 ^ ^ C (A B 2 2 , A B ,
Ta CO: tan — = cot h— , — ^ = l - t a n —tan —<1
r(x) i 0 + i 2 12 2 A B 2 2
1 1
tan + tan
r(x)
A B A B
(do Ian —tan — = 1 va tan — > 0, tan — > 0 ) .
2 2 2 2
Tir do suy ra r(A) > - r ( B ) > - Mat khac Iheo bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta c6: ,
Vay (1) diing => dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A = B = 60" A B^ ^ \ B A B^ 1 C^ 3

1 = tan hlan — > 2 , t a n — t a n - = » t a n — tan — < — => tan—> — .
<=> ABC la lam giac deu. 2 2 V 2 2 2 2~4 2 ~ 4 " *
Nhgn xet: Gia thiel tam giac ABC khong c6 goc tii la can thiet
Ket hdp lai c6 dpcm.
C 3 A B 1
tan — = - <=> tan — = tan—= —
That vay xet ho tam giac ABC vdi A = I8O" - a; B = C = ^ vdi a > 0 dii be Da'u bang ben trai 2 4 2 2 2
1
Khi do ta c6: <=>ABC la tam giac ciin dinh C vdi A = B = 2arctan —.
4 - CY) - cos^ (18O" - a) - cos^ ^
Um [l"(A) + f ( B ) ] = iim ^ c; -or is^ 7\ 180"
X ( ) " - n ^ - r o s ' n X O ' - fv) - COS" ^ A B
,v-^()+ Nhqn xet: Ldp cac tam giac ABC ma t a n y + t a n y = 1 la khac rong
4 4
3 3 Thai vay xet chitng han
. . J . Idp1 tam giac ABC
fc vdi tan —
2 =3
- ; tan—
2 =3
—
Vay ton tai a, G 0 ; ^ ma f(A|) + f ( B , ) < - - ,

2 => A = 2arctan-; B = 2arctan-;C = T T - ( A + B)
3 3
dday A,, B , , C | vdi A, = I8O"- a,, B, = C, = ^ .
Ro rang A, B e 0 ; ^ => 0 < C < 71 va A + B + C = 71.
I 4
âi 2. Cho tam giac ABC thoa man dieu kien a < - ( b + c). *•«'«'.•,'.•;>.• '
ChiVng minh khi do A < - (B + C). Menh de diio c6 dung khong?

:U\ I, v'
Cty TimnMTVDVVnKhang VFft
Giai jjai 3. Cho tarn giac A B C thoa man d i c u kien

sinA + sinB + sinC 1 2IT
1 Tijf a < — (b + c) => sinA < — (sinB + sinC) (1) = - p - . Chu-ngmmh: max|A;B;C|>—.
2 2 cosA + cosB + cosC ^/3 ^ 3
sinB + sinC ^ . B + C , . Giai
Vi <sin , nentir(l)co
2 ~ 2 Tiif gia thie't suy ra
B + C
*
sin A < sin (2) cosA + cosB + cosC
sinA + sinB + sinC - (1)
V i a < - ( b + c), nen a khong phai la canh Idn nhaft i=> A khong phai la g6c 3
2 V i cosA + cosB + cosC < ^ , nen tuf (1) cd:
Idn nhat =^ 0 < A < 90". L a i c6 0 < < 90"

sinA + sinB + sinC < (2)
• i Mil vfi-
V i the tir (2) suy ra A < - ( B + C) => dpcm.
Gia thie't phan chUng max {A; B; C } > — (3)
2. Dao l a i gia suT A < - (B + C). V d i a > 0 (sc chon sau) Khong g i a m tong quat cd the cho la max {A; B; C ) = A .
2TY
D a t A - 60" -a;C = 30" + a; B = 90", k h i do A < - ( B + C). Khi do tijf (3) suy ra ^ < A < ^
2
Ta CO sin(A + a ) = — => sinAcosa + sinacosA = —. • sinA > V3 (4)

' 2 2
Do cosa < 1; sina < a => (sinA) + a > sinAcosa + sinacosA
Do sinB > 0, sinC > 0 sinA + sinB + sinC > — (5).
^3 2
hay a + sinA >
Tir (2) (5) suy ra v6 l i . V a y gia thie't phan chiJng la sai => dpcm.
=> sinA > a . (2) Bai 4. Cho tam giac A B C cd ^ > -y. ChiJng minh:
cos^ B + cos^ C - 2 cos^ A < 1.

L a i cd sinC - sin(30" + a ) = ^ c o s a + ^ s i n a
Giai
sinB = 1, SIT
Do A > — = : > B + C < - ^ c o s ( B + C ) > 0 .
3 3
nensinB + sinC= 1 + - c o s a + — s i n a < - + — a < - + a (3) (doa>0)
2 2 2 2 2
Ta cd: cosBcosC = ^[cos(B + C) + cos(B - C)
V i cos(B + C) > 0 => cos(B + C)cos(B - C) < cos(B + C)

X e t bat phiTdng trinh ^ - a > ^(3 + a) vdi a > 0
=> cosBcosC > i [ c o s ( B + C)cos(B - C) + cos(B - C)
=> 0 < a < - (4)
3
4 4, •
=> cosBcosC > cos^ — — cos(B - C)
V a y ne'u chon a thoa man (4) thi lii (2) (3) suy ra
sinA > — (sinB + sinC) <=> a > — (b + c)
2 2 => cosBcosC > sin^ y (cos B cos C + s i n B sin C)
V a y menh de dao chiTa chac dung.
,2 A
3B , ^ B
cosBcosC >sin y s i n B s i n C . sinA = cos — ; sinC = cos—.
2 2
;fU .)!••>• ,
A 2 Thco dinh h' ham so sin, la c6: a
2 sine sin C sin A sinB sinC
Ro rang cosBcosC > 0 , ncn taco: _ - ^ > _ ^ - ^ . b c
sin 'Ur* y-'tSAi
2 A . B ^ . B B B •
4cos -3cos 2sm cos cos —
hay col^ Y > t a n B t a n C . (1) 2 2 2 2 2
TCr do thco linh cha't ciia day ti so bhng nhau, la co:
2 T T - 7 T A ^ ' n A^>/3 a+ b c
LaidoA> y^->y>- ^"^y^X' , 3 B . B , , . B B~ B•
4cos - 3 c o s + 2 s m cos cos-
2 2 2 2 2
vay l i r ( l ) c 6 : l a n B t a n C < ^ . (2) a+b
Tijf do suy ra c = (1)
Trong moi A khong vuong ABC la c6: -uv 4cos2^^ + 2sm^-3
lanA + lanB + lanC = lanAtanBlanC, ncn tiT (2) co:
Ta lai thay 4 c o s ' + 2 s i n y - 3 = - 4 s i n ^ + 2 s i n ^ + i
lanA + lanB + lanC > ^ ^ ^'^^^ <
2 - 2 sin A 5 ,. B n
=> lanB + lanC > — t a n A => tanB + tanC > — 2sm
3 3cosA 4
2 2
sin(B + C) ^ - 2 s i n A Tir ( i ) ( 2 ) di den 4(a + b) < 5c dpcm.
cosBcosC ~ 3cosA (2A + 3B=:Tr
Dau bilng xay ra <;> . B 1 • hi A u.
Do sm(B C) = smA > 0, ncn ttf (2) c6 — ^ >^ - sm — = —
2 4
Do cosBcosC > 0, cosA < 0, ncn ta c6:
o B = 2arcsin-; A = - - 3arcsin-; C = - + a r c s i n - .
-3cosA > 2cosBcosC 4 2 4 2 4
=> -3COS'A < 2cosAcosBcosC (do cosA < 0) yqn xet: Dicii ngiTclc lai chufa chac dung. That vay xcl chang han lam giac can
=> -3COS-A < 1 - (COS'A + cos^B + cos'C)
ABC dinh C CO a = b = - c .
=> 1 > cos-B + cos^C - 2COS'A => dpcm.
8
cos(B-C) = l
« B = C, A = ^ Ro riing la co: 4(a + b) 5c
Dau bing xay ra o 2TT
A =— J (itfc la Ihoa man 4(a + b) < 5c).
3
K c C H l A B o cosA = AH— _= 4
o ABC la lam giac can dinh A, vdi goc d dinh A = — AC " 5 •
VI A = B =i> 2A + 3B = 5A.
Bai 5. Cho lam giac ABC c6 2A + 3B = n.
V5-lf x/5 + 1 • '.i : •
Churng minh 4(a + b) < 5c. Taco: c o s - = 1 - 2 s i n ' — = I - 2
10
Giai
A +B+C = TT ^ -K 3B _ TT B VI cos A =— 2A + 3B ^ 7t.

Ttr siiy ra A = ; = T + 5J
2A + 3B = Ti 2 2 2 2
BSI duding /if>c sinh gidi Luftng glAc - Fhan lluy niiJl ctyrram MTVTSVVH HI
Bai6. Giai
1. Cho lam giac ABC ihoa man dieu kien: colA + colC = 2cotB. fXa c6: lanA + lanC = 2tanB
Churng minh B < 60". sin(A+C)_ sinB ;
2. Cho lam giac ABC ihoa man dicu kien: colA - 2(colB + colC). cos A cos C cosB
2
• 2COSACOSC = cosB (do sin(A + C) = sinB > 0)
Chtfng minh: cotB + colC > - . . ',i .
• cos(A + C) + cos(A - C) = cosB
o Giai
. cos(A - C) = 2cosB (1)
1. Ta c6: colA + colB = 2colB
( b ^ + c ^ - a ^ ) + (a^ + b ^ - c ^ ) _ . 2 ( a ^ + c ^ - h ^ ) ' Ta CO: cos A + cosC = 2 cos ^ ^ - ^ cos
^ 4S 4S
- . B /l + c o s ( A - C ) r- B /
z=>a- + c' = 2b' (1)
= ^ - = V 2 s m - V l + 2cosB
Thco dinh l i ham so cosin, ta c6 (ket hdp vdi (1))
„ ' a^+c^-b^ ^ b^ 1 Nhu" vay (co.sA + cosC)' = 2sin^ ^ ( I + 2cosB)
cos B = = > —z r- = —
2ac 2ac a^+c^ 2 = ^ ( 2 - 2 c o s B ) ( l + 2cosB). (2)
B < 60" ^ dpcm.
Ap dung bat dang thtfc Cosi, ihi
Da'u bang xay ra <=> ABC la tarn giac dcu
2. TiTdng tirnhiTphan i/lac6:
(cosA + cosC)^ < - ( 2 - 2 c o s B ) + (l + 2cosB)
cotA = 2(colB + cotC) 2
b- + c- = 5 a l (2)
hay (cosA + cosC)^ < -
Tijr (2) suy ra A la goc nhon, nen cosA > 0. ~ 8
Van tir (2) co: 3^
• cosA + cosC <
4a^ = b^ + c^-a^
=> 4a^ = b' + c^ - (b^ + c' - 2bccosA) Do la dpcm. Dau bang xiiy ra khi va chi khi he sau thoa man
=> cos AA = 2a2 => cos A A
>^ ^ ^ = 4-
be b^+c^ 5 tanA + tanC = 2tanB f ' ^ " A + tanC = 2tanB (3)
^COS2A> — . (3) 2 - 2 c o s B = l + 2cosB cosB = - (4)

25 4
4 Tir lanA + tanC = 2tanB <=> tanA - ian(A + B) = 2lanB
Tiy(3)cQ: c o t A = , '"'^ > ^ . tan A + tan B
i 25 ~ 3
otanA-
1 - tan A Ian B
= 2tanB
2
<=> tan" A - 2 A / r 5 i a n A + l = 0
V i cotA = 2(cotB + colC) => cotB + cotC ^ - => ^pcm.
(sau khi lhay lanB = >/l5 )
Bai 7. Cho tarn giac ABC thoa man dieu kien tanA + tanC = 2tanB.
lanA = A/[5+ >/r4
3N/2
lanA = V l 5 - ^ / l 4
ChiJng minh: cosA + co.sC < ^ .
B6i au6ng hpc sinh ghH L u ^ n g giac - Fban Huy lUial wBj^ MiiMMMM i-MM w—K^r WMM ngiany Wi^g
lanB = N/T5 La i CO cosB = 2 cos^ l=> cos B = ^ 1 => cos B >

tanA = ^/^5 + ^yl4 2 2ac ~ (a + c)^
lanC = Vl5-^/l4 Do cosA + cosB + cosC < — ma cosB > -
Vay da'u bing xay ra C5> • < /^,Vv;
2 2
tan B =:
tanA = %/l5-714 cosA + cosC < 1 => dpcm.
Da'u bang xay ra o ABC la tarn giac deu.
lanC = VTS + VM. :)
^ Ap dung cong thtJc R = — va r = ta co:
Bai 8. Cho lam giac ABC ihoa man he ihufc sinA + sinC = 2.sinB. b- > 6Rr 4S p (1)
A C^2V3 3ac
2 ^ , abc S a+ c ^ dob = a + cl
1. ChuTng mmh l a n y + Ian—> — ^ . o b > 6- ci> >a+ c +a+ c
2. Chilng minh cosA + cosC < 1. a + c ^ 2ac
o —— >4S p <^ (a2 + c)^ ~ > 4ac
3. Chiirng minh b' > 6Rr. Giai 2 a+ c
Of
o (a - c)- > 0. (2)
1. Tii sinA + sinC = 2sinB
A C 1 VI (2) dung => (1) dung => dpcm
tan —Ian—= - (U
2 2 3 Dau bang xay ra <=> a = c va b = a + c
(xcm phan dang ihifc liTdng giac c6 dicu t:icn)
A C^1 A C (2) <=> a = b = c
Thco bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta co: tanytan— < - tan hlan — o ABC la lam giiic dcu.
A C Hal 9. Cho lam gaicl ABC thoa man sinA + sinC = 3sinB.
Tif(l)(2) suy ra tan—h 2
Ian — > 1
2 3 2 2 ru: • L 2A
• . 2C 2
A A
C ^ 2 V 3 dotan—>(), C Lhu'ng mmh sin 1- sin — > - .
tan — > 0
=^ tan—t-tan—> 2 2 2 2-3
A C 1 Giai
2 2" 3 tan —tan —= -
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra khi va chi khi 2 2 3 Tir sinA + sinC = 3sinB
A C
tan — = tan — a^-(b-c)^
2 2 => a + c = 3b => a + b + c = 4b => p = 2b
o ABC la lam giac dcu 2 2 2 4bc
1 _
_ (p-b)(p-c)_ b.(2b-c)_2b-c
3b
2. Tir sinA + sin2C = 2sinB =>a + b = 2 b ^ p = Taco , i „ 2 A ^ l - c o4 sbeA ^ 2bc
be
Tuangtirco: s i n 2 - = ^ ^ .
, 2 B 1 + cosB 1 + 2ac (a + c ) ^ - b ^ )
2 2 4ac 2 a
l a c o : cos —2 = = 3b b (1)
Dodo ,-in'~ + sm'->^
- P(p-b) ^ 2 2 ^ ^ 2b-c , 2 b - a ^ 2 ^ ^
\ 2- o 3bva2 ~+ c)3 > 4ac
,
c a 3
<=> (a + c)" > 4ac K e l hop (2), (6) va c6 S = ^ a h , < ~ => dpcm.
<r> (a - cf > 0. (2)
V i (2) dung => ( I ) dung => dpcm. l^Jhgn xet:
s i n A + sinC = 3sinB M e n h dc dao noi chung khong dung. T h a i vay x e l lam giac can A B C dinh A
Dafu b^ng xay ra <=> o a = c = —b.
a= c 2
C O a = B C = c h i c u cao A H = 2. K h i do la c6: '•'
2
Nhdnxet: '
1. V i sinA + sinC = 3sinB a + c = 3b, nen Idp tarn giac nay V'Mc rong. Thai S = iBC.AH = i < : / i .
2 2 3
vay x e l Idp tarn giac vuong A i Cap cd a = 5, c = 4, b = 3.
Tuy nhicn la c6:/, = A H = 2 => max(/, , / , , / , } > / = 2 > 1.
2. Ta C O bai loan long q u a l sau ( v 6 i Idi giai hoan loan Wdng liT)
Cho lam giac A B C ihoa man he thiJc sin A + sinC = IcsinB Bai 1 1 . Chu-ng m i n h rang Irong lam giac A B C , la co:
2 A . 2 C ^ k-1 , A > 2 B o a ' > b ( b + c).
Chiang m i n h : sin — + sin — > — — •
^ Giai
Uii fiuii xin clanh cho ban doc. DoA>2Bc:>A-B>B (1)
l i a i 10. Cho lam giac A B C ihoa man d i c u k i c n max{/^, } < 1 • Chi C O hai kha nang xay ra:
ChuTng minh rang S < 4i

3
a. Neu A - B la nhon, Ihi ( i ) sin(A - B) > sinB.
b. Ncu A - B la l u , i h i sin(A - B) = sin|7r - (A - B)] = sin(7r - A + B) ;
Giai Do n - A + B > B va cii hai ve deu la goc nhon, nen sin{7t - A + B) > sinB.
T o m lai ta luon c6:
Do vai n o binh d;ing ncn c6 the gia siir a .sinB
TCrdo la c6: - > - > - . (D o sinCsin(A - B) > sinCsinB (do sinC > 0)
a b c
o sin(A + B)sin(A - B) > sinCsinB
TCr max {/.,, /,,,/,.} < 1 va do h,, < /„
cos2B - cos2A . „
nen ro rang hj, < 1. (2) o >smCsmB
A 2
2bccos' 2bccos 1 - cos 2 A 1-COS2B
A p dung cong ihuTc = -, nen < 1 <1 <=i> >smCsmB '
b + c b + c
2 2 ~
A 1(1 ll O sin"A - sin'B > sinCsinB
(3)
cos—< + -
2 2ib c <=> a" - b ' > be J-
A 1 O a ^ > b ( b + c) )
T i r ( l ) (2) suy ra c o s — < - . (4)
2 a Nhir vay A > 2B <=> a ' > b(b + c). Do la dpcm.
Do a A 3 8 .
Chiirng m i n h : (a - b)"^(a + b) > be'.
A^V3 M e n h de dao c6 dung khong? '••
cos — > — (5)
2 " 2 Giai
, 1 V3 2 Xet lam giac A B C C O A > 3B.
T i r (3) (4) di den - > — a < -7= . (6)
a 2 N/3 C)o A > 3B, nen goi M la d i e m iren BC .sao cho C A M = B
=^ B A M = A-B>2B.
ggiz!^™;^^vgFm7ffliî^
Ta c6: AAMC AABC, ncn c6
chu y do cos > 0 va tu- A > B + 2C ^ C nhon ncn cosC > 0).
AM AC be
a , „ , ,tanA - B
= ^ AM = —
iTa c6: - — - = . ^ „ (xcm phan dang thilTc lU"dng gi^c trong tam giac)
AB BC MC = a
a + b ^^„A + B ,.
MC _ AC A - B a - b A + B a - b
AC ~ BC ;=> tan—-— 2 = a + b- t a n — -2— =, , . , C—. (3) , ,.
.2 2 _ .2 (a + b)cot
Tirdo MB = B C - M C = a - ~ = - — . 2
( a - - h - ) - ^hc a (a + bar ( a - b r ^^bc^(a + b) rir(2)(3)suyr: ^ > ^ ^ o ^ > 1+cosC
Xet ABAM a' c6 BAM a c +> -2B,
a ) nen theo bai 11 c6: i a+b , , 2 C a + b , 1-cosC cosC
BM^>AM(AB
(a + b)(a - b)-> +AM)
bcl '"^'^
Do la dpcm. be] i 1 — tan 1
De xct xcm mcnh dc dao co dung khong, ta hay xet vi du sau: : 2 1 + cosC
a - b .^ 1 2a ^ 1 ^ a+h
Lay a = —;b = 2;c = 1. Ro rang c6 the lay a, b, c lam do dai ba canh cua
'=> h1> => > => cosC < => dpcm.
tam giac. a+b cosC a + b cosC 2a
256
Ta c6: (a + b)(a - b)' = ; bc^ = 2 Bai 14. Cho lam giac ABC khong phai tam giac vuong thoa man dicu kien
125
^ (a + b)(a - b)- > bc^ sin-A + sin-B + sin-C = col A + cot B + cotC.
Tuy nhicn a A < B, vay khong the c6 A > 3B. ChiiTng minh: lanA > ^ .
Vay mcnh de dao noi chung khong diing.
Bai 13. Cho tam giac ABC c6 A > B + 2C. ChiJng minh: cosC < a + b
BH T a co: colA + colB + cotC^ = a^ + b-Giai+ c"^,
A
2a mm
Giai K sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^C =
» 4S
T i r A > B + 2C=^ A - - C > B + C. (1) sm. 2A. +,sm- 2 0B ,+ sin• C2r^= 4R-(sin-A + sin^B + sin-c)
Lap luan nhi/bai 12, tCf (1) suy ra sin(A - C) > .sin(B + C) 8R sin A.sinBsinC
sinAsinBsinC = - . (1)
=> sinAcosC - sinCcosA > sinBcosC + sinCcosB 2
=> cosC(sinA - sinB) > sinC(cosA + cosB) l^hi CO hai kha nang sau xay ra:
^ ^ A + B sm
=> 2cosCcos . A - B ^> ^2smCcos
. ^ A + B cosA - B
leu A < 90". Do 0 < sinBsinC < 1, nen tif (1) suy ra sinA > - .
^ . A -—B ^> smCcos
cosCsm . ^ A-B \Bdo cos
.C ^ ^ — sm — > 0 '^l hdp vdi A < 90", ta c6: 30" < A < 90" lanA > ^
6'u A > 90". Ta co:
tan A — B > t a n C . (2) nBsinC = ^[cos(B - C) - cos(B + C)] < ^ ( l + cos A).
U U i UUUIiy UjHJ mUMU yiUI Mûyiiy yuH." marr mry
A p dung bat dang thlJc Trebdsep c6:

=> sin2A + 2sinA > 2 (2)
A B , C
V i 180" > A > 90" sin2A < 0, vay tiif (2) c6 sinA > 1 tan— tan— tan-
A B Cl
D o la dieu v6 l i . V a y khong the c6 kha nang A > 90" >1 tan htan — + t a n — (4)
m^ ~3 2 2 2, ™a m^
Tilf do suy ra dpcm.
A B C r-
Nhdn xet: Qua Viec g i a i d tren, thiTc cha't ta da giai dmc bai toan sau: tan 1- tan — [ - tan — > \/3
Lai CO 2 2 2 -
N e u A B C la tam giac khong phai la tam giac vuong va c6
sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C = cot A + cot B + cot C
-L+J_+_L>i
"r
m^ R
Khidotaco: m a x { A , B, C } < 9 0 " ,
, A B C
min{A,B,C}>30". tan- tan- tan- /r
Vaylir(4)c6: m„ ^ + ^ + - m .2 >
^ 3R
(5)
B a i 15. Cho tam giac A B C thoa m a n dieu k i e n
3V3 Tuf (3) (5) suy ra dpcm. Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac d e u .
S = - - cos A cos B cos C .
B C B. D i e u l i i e n c h o diTc'/i d a n g h i n h h o c 1. - ;
tan tan tan — 4^3
ChiJng minh:
m.
2 + _ ^ > 3
B a i 1. Cho tam giac A B C thoa man dieu k i c n tren canh A B ton t a i d i e m D sao
m,j
cho C D - = D A . D B . ChiJng minh rang: sinAsinB < sin^ —.
Giai
TiT gia thiet ta c6: cosAcosBcosC > 0 => A B C la tam giac nhpn.
Giai
Ta c6: S = - -cos A cos B cosC . Gia siJ ton tai D e A B sao cho
C D ' = DA.DB. (1)
=> 2R^ sin A sin B sin C = cos A cos B cos C Thco dinh ly ham so' sin trong cac A A C D
va B C D CO:
3V3 CD DA
tan A tan B tan C = (1)
4R^ , a day C| = A C D ,
sin A sinC|
Do A B C la tam giac nhon, nen theo bat dang thiJc Co si, c6:
CD _ DB
, cf day C2 = B C D .
1 = cotAcotB + cotBcotC + cotCcotA > 3\/(cot A c o t B c o t C ) sinB sinC,
_1_ CD' DA.DB

cot^ Acot^Bcot^C< Tif do suy ra (2)
27 sinA.sinB .sinC|SinC2
tanAtanBtanC>3>/3 . (2)
V i the ket hc.ip (1) (2), ta co:
3^3 SinAsinB = sinC|SinC2. (3)
T u ' ( l ) ( 2 ) suy ra >3V3^R<- (3)
4R' <>l> •
Do sinCi > 0, sinCi > 0, nen theo bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta co:
#
Do vai tro binh dang ta co the cho la A > B > C
rr—p,—r—-7- . sinC, H-sinC,
A B ^ C ,ysmC, s m C j < • > ,
tan — > t a n — > t a n —
V i A, B, C nhon nen tii do c6 2" 2 " 2
2C, C. . o C , - cl < s i n 2 £ L ± ^ = s i n 'C- (4)
m, <mb < m . sinCisinCi < sin
2
Cty Ttsnn nrv ownKhang Vlft
Tu" (3) (4) d i d e n s i n A s i n B < sin y => d p c m .
ai 2. Giii sii G la trong tam lam giac ABC. Bic'l rang A B l i e p xuc v d i du'dng
DC- = DA.DB iron ngojii tiep tam giac AGC. Chiang minh:
Dau b i n g xay ra khi va chi khi ta c6:
C| .sinCAG + s i n C B G <
2V3 ... :iv!:S„,M
3
K h i C| = C2, I h i C D la diTdng p h a n g i a c I r o n g c u a g o c C.
C
Giai
2abcos ~ Goi N, P tu-dng u-ng la Irung d i e m cija BC, AC.
Liic do CD = 2.
a+ b V i A B lii l i c p luyen vc'ii du'dng Iron ngoai
_2aV_ licp lam gicic A G C , nen BAG = ACG

=> CD^ = ^cos^ — = (1+cosC)
(goc giila tiep luyen va mot day cung bang
(a + b r 2 (a + b ) '
goc noi l i c p ciing chan mot cung)
a'+b^-c^ ab 4abp(p-c)
1 + :+ b)'-C^ Do NP // A B => B A G = ANP
2ab (a + br (a + b)-
Tir do A N P = A C G ^ GNCP la tu' giac noi l i c p .
T h c o dinh ly diTdng phan giac trong la c6:
A G . A N = AP.AC
AD b AD
AD =
be Vi the
BG.BP = B N . B C
DB a c a+ b a+ b
ac -m^.m, =-.b b =
Tu-tfng tir D B = m., (1)
a+ b
2 a
DC' = DA.DB 4abp(p-c) be ac ^mi,.mh =.-a a = m. (2)
Vay 7^
C^=C2 (a + b ) ' a + ba + b
A p dimg dinh l i ham so sin trong cac tam giac A N C va BPC, la co:
<=> 4p(p - c) = C
AN CN asinC
<=> (a + b + c)(a + b - c) = c' sinCAN = (3)
sinC sin C A N 2m,
<=> (a + b ) ' - c" = C BP CP bsinC
sinCBP = (4)
o a + b = CN/2 . sinC sinCBP 2mu
V a y dau bang xay ra o CD la phan giac cua goc C va a + b = c72 . asinC _ S bsinC _ S
A p diing cong thu^c
Nhqii xet: L6p cac tarn giac A B C thoa man dicu k i c n hinh hoc ncu tren la khac 2 " b' 2
rong. Do lhay mot Irong chiing la k'ip cac tam giac vuong. That vay lay D la Tijf (12) hien nhien dung => (8) diing => dpcm.
chan du'dng cao ke tCf dinh C cua tam giac. Tir (3) (4) ( 5 ) c 6 :
Ta c6: CD= = D A . D B . sin C A G + sin C B G = sin C A N + sin CBP

TCr do suy ra mot trong cac Idp thoa man 1 1
= S (6)
dau bang trong bat dang thufc: bm., + am,.
sinAsinB = .sin^ — Bay gid kct hdp (1), (2), (6) di den
2 . 2V3 1 1
la Ictp cac tam giac vuong can dinh C. s m C A G + sinCGB = — — + (7)
3 a" b^j
B 6 I du6ng bpc slnb gUI Lufng gUc - Fhan Huy Khal
2V3 yV^fl/i xet: V d i e a c h giai tU'dng tiT, ta c6 bî toan tong quat sau:
Tuf (7) ta c6: s i n C A G + sinCBG < (8)
Cho tam g i a c nhpn A B C , v a triTc tam H c h i a diTdng c a o A E theo ty so:
1 1 AH
•= m
a^
• + -
b^j
< HE
K h i do t a n A > 2Vm + l (ke't qua trong bai 3/ iJng v d i m = 1).
a^+b^
(9)
2u2
a^b - 5 -
3b^ ==2b^ + 2 c ^ - a ^ §3. BAT DANG THirc LUONQ GIAC

T i r ( l ) , (2) c6:
3a^ = 2c^ + 2a^ - b^ TRONG CAC TAM GIAC C 6 CAU TRUC DAC BIET
b^ + a^ = 2c' (10) Trong muc nay xet cac bat d i n g thtfc li/dng giac trong cac tam giac c6 cac
cau triic dac biet nhu" Idp tam giac vuong, tam giac nhpn va mpt so Idp tam
2c^
Tur (9), (10) suy ra ( 8 ) 0 (11) giac CO cdc cau true rieng...
a^b^-S'
A. BS't d a n g thiiTc lif(/ng g i a c t r o n g t a m g i a c v u 6 n g
Theo dinh l i ham so cosin, ta c6 tCf (10):
Bai 1. Cho A B C la tam giac vuong dinh A. ChuTng minh cac bat d i n g thtfc sau:
b^ + a^ = c^ + (b^ + a^ - 2abcosC) => c^ = 2abcosC.
1. 4(ac + b ^ ) < 5 a l
Vithe tiif(ll)c6:
4abcosC 1 4cosC ^ 2 2. ^>l + ^ .
(8) <=> — <=> < h,. - ''l'
aW S ab absinC
3-2N/2
<=> s i n 2 C < l . (12) 2. — 2^
5
V i (12) hien nhien dung => (8) dung => dpcm.
D a u bang xay ra <=> A B tiep xuc vdi du'dng tron ngoai tie'p A A G C va C = 45". 4. cos If > —, d day (p la gdc nhpn giiJa hai du'dng trung tuye'n ke tijf B va C.
Bai 3. Cho A B C la tam giac nhpn va trifc tam H chia d o i du'dng cao A E . Chiang
Giai
minh: tan A > 2^2 .
1. T a c 6 : 4 ( a c + b^)<5a^ (1)
Giai
o 4sinCsinA + 4sin^B < 5sinÂ
EC
Ta c6: tanB = tan C H E = o 4sinC + 4sin^B < 5 (do sinA = s i n 9 0 " = 1)
HE
o 5 - 4sinC - 4sin^B > 0
AE
tanC = o 5 - 4sinC - 4(1 - cos^B) > 0
EC
O 4sin^C - 4sinC + 1 > 0 (do cosB = sinC)
V i A E = 2HE => tanBtanC = 2. (1)
0 ( 2 s i n C - 1)^>0. (2)
L a i C O tanA = - t a n ( B + C) =-^^^^^-^t-^^^ = tanB + tanC (2) V i (2) dung => (1) dung => dpcm.
tanBtanC-1
(dira v a o ( l ) ) 2
Dau bang xay ra <=>
Tir tanBtanC = 2 => tanB, tanC cung dau va do chung khong the cung am
C = ^
=> tanB > 0, tanC > 0. 6
Theo bat d i n g thufc Cosi, thi tanA = tanB + tanC > 2N/tanBtanC (3)
<^ A B C la nura tam giac deu A = : ^ ; B = ^ ; C = ^
Tuf (1), (3) CO tan A > 272 dpcm. 2 3 6
Cty rnf/t/f fl/TV DVVn lihang y/fit
4.
4. 'Gia su" B M va C N lii hai irung Uiycn va B M o C N = G N G B = cp.
2. - > 1 + V2 (1)
Ta c6: A N C = A B M + cp.
A
•.a ,z> l a n A N C = I a n ( A B M + i f ) H)
2 be 2bc
; A C 2b
a Ta c6; lan A N C = =— ,
AB C AN c
8R cos cos cos .2R r — A M b „ .
^ 2 2 2 > 1 + V2 (do a = 2R) lan A B M = = — , vay l u f ( l ) c 6 :
8R-sinBsinC AB 2c
^V2 B C b_ 2c ^ ' ' " ^ 3bc ^3bc 3

2 ^ cos ^ cos ^ r^ .• B
B . C
c ^ => lan'^f = —— => i a n t p < => i a n i f ) < - .
>H-N/2 O sin—sin—< 2{b'+c') 4bc ^ - 4
, . B . C B C 2' 2 - 4 ( V 2 + l) 1- lanii?
4 sin —sin cos - cos 2c ^
2 2 2 2
B C 72/ r r .\C B+C^, V2 .. coscp - • cos I f > — => dpcm.
o 2 s i n - s i n - < — ( V 2 - l ) <^ c o s — cos—— <1- —
2 2 2 2 2 2 au bhng xay ra o b = c A B C la lam giac vuong can dinh A .
<=> COS < 1. (2) do cos B + C 72
Bai 2. Cho A B C la lam giac vuong di'nh A. Chu'ng minh cac ba'l dang thiJc sau:
2J
o , ^ 276 2
V i (2) dung => (1) dung => dpcm. 2. c/, < ^ — a . 3. / i < m .a. ha ^
a —
4 " ' 9
D a u bkng xay ra <=> A B C la tarn giac vuong can dinh A.
4. S > ( l + 7 2 ) S A E F . tlay A E , A F liTdng ilng lii cac phan giac cua hai goc
3. Ta co:
b^c^ B A H , C A H irong do A H la chicu cao kc liT A ciia lam giac A B C .
Giai
2a-+2c--b^+2a^+2b^-cM (a + b + c ) ' (4a^+b-+c
1. T a c o : /,> — h.,
4 b '2,.2
c C C
(1) (do a^ = b^ + c^). 2abcos T /T u 2a cos
373c
5a- (b + c + >/b^Tc^, a+ b " " 4 a+b 4a
T a c 6 : a - = b- + c - > 2 b c (2)
2a cos
b + c + V b ^ T ? > 2 7 b ^ + 7 2 t e = 7b^(2 + 72) (3) O ;''"'2 > ^Jl^ (J,, h = acosC; c = asinC)
a(l+cosC)~ 4
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) s u y ra ^ 1 , 373 sin C
2^ > o 373sinCcos—<4
"ib+mc 10bcl(2 + 72)7bU 4 2~
cos
2 (72-lf 3-272
> ^ 673sin —cos^ — < 4 o 673sin — l - . s i n ^ ^ ^ < 4
" i h + m,' 5.2(72 + i f ^ ^ 2 2- 2
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o b = c

^ s i n - 1-sin — < (1)
<=> A B C la lam giac vuong can dinh A. 2 21
Do cos^ — =z— v a b + c = a(sinB + sinC), nen
X c l ham so' i(x) = x ( l - x ) vdi ( X x < — . 2 2
4bc 1
. C 2V^ (1)<=> <
K h i d 6 ( l ) c ^ f sm —, < a'(sinB + sinC)^ 2a^
2j
o SsinBsinC < (sinB + sinCr. (2):
Ta c6: f'(x) = 1 - 3 x \n c6 bang bien thien sau:
Do sinC - cosB, nen (2) <=> SsinBcosB < (sinB + cosB)''
X 1
0 <=>4sin2B < ( 1 + sin2B)^
o(l - sin2B)^>0. (3)
+ 0 VI (3) diing suy ra dpcm.
1
1
r(x)
f(x) A = ^
9 Da'u bang xay ra <=> 2 <=> ABC la tam giac vuong can dinh A.
'sin2B = l
Vay s o O < C < ^ = > 0 < s i n - < — , nentaco:
2 4. De thay CAE la tam giac can dinh C va BAF la tam giac can dinh B, nen c6
^ 2^/3 CE = b; BF = c. Tir do:
f . c]
f sm — < f EF = b + c - a .
2)
Vay(l)dung=>dpcm. Taco: S > ( ^ + i ) S A E F
Dau bang xay ra khi va chi khi
o - B C . A H > - ( V 2 + l).EF.AH
^ 2 2
A = - A = -
2 ^Ba> (N/2+l)(b + c - a ) ^
. C 1 C = arccos- o 1 > ( V 2 + 1 ) (sinB + sinC) - V 2 - 1
sm—= • cosC = ^
2 S o N/2(V2 + I ) > ( V 2 + l ) ( s i n B + sinC)
2. Lam liTcfng lif nhiTphan 1/ va c6:
O V 2 > sinB + cosB
o 72 > V2COS B - ^ (1)

4
. C . 2C V6
o sm — l - 2 s m - < (1) ^ ( 1 ) dung =>dpcm.
2
Tir do sc suy ra ( 1 ) la dung bSng each xet ham so Da'u bang xay ra o B = — <=> ABC la tam giac vuong can dinh A.
72 4 :
i-(x) = x ( l - 2x") v d i O < x < — . 3, Cho ABC la tam giac vuong tai A. Ke du'cfng cao A H . Di/dng thing di
3 qua tam diTdng Iron noi tiep cac tam giac ABH va A C H c^l cac canh A B , AC
3. Taco: it <my.
a "a
Ian liTdt tai E F . Ch^ng minh: S > 2SAEF •
4
3 Giai
2bccos' be] a . be
dom, = - , h , - Y Lay hai diem M G AB, N e AC sao cho A M = A N = A H .
b+c ~2 a
îa suf M N tu'dng ufng cat cac du'dng phan gidc trong cua hai goc B A H ,
16bV cos' b-^c-^ CAH tai I va J .
< (1)
B6I dudng hpc ainh gldl Luring gidc - riian Huy Khal
<=> sinAsinB - cosAcosB > cosC(cosAcosB + sinAsinB)
Ta c6: A M A I = A H A I (c.g.c) c=> - c o s ( A + B) > cosC.cos(A - B)
=> A M I = A H I . <=> cosC > cos(A - B)
Do A M I = A M N = A N M = 45" <=> I > c o s ( A - B). (3)
V I (3) dung (1) dung, va da'u bang trong (1) xiiy ra c=> A = B . " '
^ A H I = 45" Do lanA > 0, lanB > 0, nen theo ba't dang thiJc Cosi, la co:
lanA + l a n B > 2 V l a n A l a n B . (4)
=> H I la phan giac A H B => I la l a m diTcIng Iron noi tiep A A B H .
r
Tifdng tif J la tam diTcIng noi tiep A A H C
Tif (1) (4) suy ra tan A Ian B > c o t y . (4)
D i e u do c6 nghTa la M = E; N = F.
Lai CO iCr (1) 2 V l a n A l a n B > 2 c o l —. (5)
TCr do la c6: A E = A F = A H = — .
2
V i the S > 2SAEF (1) Cong tu-ng ve (4) (5), di den (Vlan A + V t a n B ) ^ > 4 c o l —
2
« i b c > 2 . l A E . A F c . ^ > ^
2 2 => >ytan A + V t a n B > 2 c o l — . (6)
a"
<:> a' > 2bc <=> b ' + c' > 2bc Dau bang trong (6) xay ra <=> A = B .
o (b - c ) ' > 0 (2)
Lap luan tiTdng tu". co: V t a n A + VlanC > (7)
V i (2) dung b = c o A B C la lam giac vuong can dinh A .
VlanB + VlanC > 2 c o l y . (8)

B . Ba't dang thuTc liTc/ng giac trong tam giac nhon hoac tam giac khong c6
goc tu. Uau bilng trong (7), (8) xay ra tiTdng ilng khi va chi khi A = C; B = C
Trong muc nay ta se xct cac bat dang ihiJc lu^dng giac trong tam giac nhcn TiY (6) (7) (8) suy ra dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu.
hoac lam giac khong co goc tij. Can nhan manh rang, cac bat dang ihiifc nay VAa/; xet: Ro rang khi A B C khong phai la lam giac nhon, i h i vc Irai ciia bat
se khong con dung niJa neu lam giac da cho khong co dac ihii la "nhon dang ihi'rc lii khong co nghTa! Vay gia Ihiet A B C la nhon trong ba't dang thu-c
hoac la l a m giac "co goc l i i " ircn la dieu k i e n triTdc hot de cac bieu thij-c co mat trong bat dang thiJc la co
B a i 1. ChuTng minh rang trong moi tam giac nhon, la co: nghTa.
- Do A , B, C nhon nen theo bat dang thi^c Cosi, la co:
1. Vlan A + Vlan B + Vlan C > ^cot y + ^ c o l y + ^ c o l y .
2cosAcosB= Vsin 2 A cot A sin 2 8 cot B < ^ ( s i n 2 A cot B + sin 2 B c o l A ) (1).
2. (cosA + cosB + cosC)' < sin'A + sin'B + sin-C.
3. sinA + sinB + sinC > cosA + cosB + cosC. Dau bhng trong (1) xay ra <=> sin'A = sin'B
Giai <=> sinA = sinB

o A = B (do A , B nhon).
2C (1)
1. Trin'Jc hel la chifng minh rang tan A tan B > cot y TmJng lu-ta co:
r^. » „ . sinAsinB ^ 1 + cosC

That vay ( 1 ) 0 > (2) cosBco.sC < ^ (sin2BcolC + sin2CcolB), (2)
cos A cos B 1 -cosC
Do cos A > 0, cosB > ( ) , ! - cosC > 0, nen
osCco.sA < ^ (sin2CcotA + sin2AcolC). (3)
(2) <=> sinAsinB - sinAsinBcosC > cosAcosB + cosAcosBcosC
limn nivuvvn luiang vift^
Da'u bang trong (2), (3) tiTdng iJng x a y ra <=> B = C; C = A ' V a y v d i phan 21 ta c6 the mo rong chut it ka't qua nhu' sau:
Cong tCrng v c (1) (2) (3) va c6: Trong m o i tam giac khong c6 goc tii ta luon c6:
2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) (cosA + cosB + cosC)^ > sinÂ + sin^B + sin^C
1 Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu hoac tam giac vuong can!
cot A (sin 2C + sin 2B) + cot B(sin 2 A + sin 2C) + cot C (sin 2 A + sin 2B)
< — (4
2 3, Ta c6:
De thay cotA(sin2C + sinB) = 2 ^ ^ ^ s i n ( C + B)cos(C - B) cosA + cosB + cosC - ^ [(cosA + cosB) + (cosB + cosC) + (cosC + cosA)J
sin A
= -2cos(B + C)cos(C - B) = -(cos2C + cos2B). . C A - B . A B-C . B C-A
- sm—cos hsm—cos hsm—cos (1)
V i vay bang lap luan tiTdng tu" suy ra
2 2 2 2 2 2
(4) o 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) A —B C C
< - - (cos2C + cos2B + cos2A + cos2C + cos2A + cos2B Ta c6: cos < 1 va do C nhon nen 0 < — < 60" => 2cos— > 1
2 2 ' 2 2 / .
o 2(cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA) A - B ^ C
• cos < 2cos—
< (sin-A - cos-A) + (sin'B - cos'B) + (sin^C - cosT C A - B . ^
2 2 (2)
o (cosA + cosB + cosC)' < sin'A + sin'B + sin'C. sm—cos <smC
2 2
Do la dpcni. Da'u bang xiiy ra o A B C la tarn giac d c u . A B —C
(3)
Nhan xet: X c t khi A B C khong phai lam giac nhpn I Lap luan tu'dng t i f c o : s i n y c o s — < s i n A
1. N c u A B C la tam giac vuong (chang han A = 90"), khi do
sm—cos < sin B (4)
(cosA + cosB + cosC)' = (sinB + sinC)' = sin^B + sin'C + 2sinBsinC 2 2
sinÂ + sin'B + sin"C = 1 + sin'B + sin'C |Tir (2) (3) (4) suy ra dpcm.
V a y (cosA + cosB + cosC)' < sin'A + sin'B + sin'C ^hqn xet: X c t khi A B C khong phai la tam giac nhon
o 2sinBsinC < 1 1. Neu A B C la tam giac vuong (chang han A = 90")
o 2sinBcosB < 1 Khi do cosA + cosB + cosC = sinB + sinC < sinA + sinB + sinC
o sin2B < 1 (*) Vay ba't dang thufc van dung khi A B C la tam giac vuong.
V i (*) dung, nen bat dang thu^c diing khi A B C la tam giac vuong va da'u baiiL \ Neu A B C la tam giac c6 goc tu
xay ra o A B C la tam giac vuong can. 1 - cv 1

t L a y tam giac A B C co A = 7t - a; B = C = — va t a n a = -
2. N e u A B C la tam giac c6 g6c tii 2 3
X e t A A B C v d i A = 120"; B = C = 30". i (liic nay c6 a < — => A la goc tu).

4
=> (cosA + cosB + cosC)' = \/3 =3 %/3
Khi ay sin A + sinB + sinC = sina + 2 s i n — < 3sina (do sin — < sina)
I 2J 4 2 2
. . 3 1 1 5
s m ' A + sm'B + sm'C = - H 1-- = — cosA + cosB + cosC = - c o s a + 2cos— > cosa (do cos— > cosa)
4 4 4 4
Rorang 3 - - V 3 > - (vi2>V3)

4 4 V i tana = ^ nen suy ra cosa = 3sina
=> (cosA + cosB + cosC)' > sin'A + sin'^B + sin^C .
=> cosA + cosB + cosC > sinA + sinB + sinC
Bat dang thiJc khong con dung nifa.
Vay baft dang thuTc khong con dung nffa.
Cty Train IVrVDVVn Kbatig VT<ft
Gio'ng nhiTphan 2/ ta c6 k e l luan sau:

Ncu ABC la tam giac khong c6 goc tu thi '
cosC + cosA
^ > ,•^ B. (3)
sin —
cosA + cosB + cosC < sinA + sinB + sinC. 2
Bai 3. Chiirng minh rang trong moi tam giac nhon, ta c6: Tilf (1) (2) (3) suy ra dpcm. Dau b^ng xay ra <=> ABC la tam giac deu.
1. tanA + tanB + tanC > 2(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C). 0^11 xet: f
1 1 1 1 1 1 J Neu ABC la tam giac vuong chang han A - 90" => cosA = 0 , .
2. COSA + cosB + cosC > - + ^.^B
A ^ + ^.^C'
=> — i — khong CO nghia. '^^ ^' -
2 2 2 cos A
3. cotA + cotB + cotC + cot2A + cot2B + col2C < 0. 2. Neu ABC la tam gidc c6 goc tu ching han A > 90" => B, C < 90".
Giai Ta CO the gia suT B > C => 0 < C < 45" ^ tanC < 1
1. Do ABC khong phai tam giac vuong nen ta c6: C 1 1
^ A n ^ sinAsinBsinC ^.^ Vi sin—<sinC<cosC.
2
TiJ-dd COSC
< ^^C-
tanA + tanB + tanC = tanAtanBtanC = . (1) 2 :
cos AcosBcosC
^ A+B A-B
Trong moi lam giac nhon, ta c6: 0 < coAcosBcosC < - , J . 2cos COS
8 Mat khac + = 2 2 _ <Q
nen tu" ( 1 ) SUV ra lanAlanB > HsinAsinBsinC. (2) COS A cosB COS A COS B
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ta lai c6: sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinAsinBsinC. (3) cosA • + cosB - + cosC- < 7
• C r < . Ar + . B + -. C
T i r t l ) (2) (3) siiy ra dpcm. sm— sm— sm~ sm —
2 2 2 2 .
Nhdii xet: Ta du'dc baft dang thuTc vdi chieu ngu'dc lai.
1. Ro rang neu ABC la lam giac vuong chang han A = 90" thi tanA khong c( Vay gia thict ABC la tam giac nhon thiTc sir can thiet.
nghia. 3. Ta co:
2. Neu ABC la tam giac c6 goc tu (ch^ng han A > 90")
cot2A + c o t 2 B = ^ H } ( ^ ^ ± ^ = . (1)
Khi do B, C la nhon => tanAtanBtanC < 0
sin 2 A sin 2B c o s ( 2 A - 2 B ) - c o s ( 2 A + 2B)
=> tanA + tanB + lanC - tanAtanBtanC < 0. Do 0 < C < 90" => sin2C > 0
Melt khac sin2A + sin2B + sin2B = 4sinAsinBsinC > 0
va cos(2A - 2B) - cos(2A + 2B) = cos(2A - 2B) - cos2C < 1 - cos2C m
=> tanA + tanB + tanC < 2(sin2A + sin2B + sin2C).
Vcly giii thie'l ABC la tam giac nhon thifc sir can thict! Vi the tir (1) CO: cot2A + cot2B <
2. Do cosA > 0, cosB > 0, nen theo bat dang thiTc Cosi, ta c6: 1-C0S2C
=> cot2A + cot2B < -2cotC. (2)
cos' A . + cosB
_ ^ > .cos A +4 cos B ^ A + B4 , A - B „._C 2 A - B
2 cos cos sm—cos Lap luan tu'dng tir co:
2 2 . 2 2 cot2B + cot2C < -2cotA, (3)
I 1 2
cot2C+ cot2A<-2cotB. ' ' <: (4)
cosA + —
cosB^ > • ^C . (1)
sm Cong tirng ve (2) (3) (4) c6 ^
2
cotA + cotB + cotC + cot2A + cot2B + cot2C < 0
Lap luan tiTdng tiT c6: —^- \— > ^ . , (2)
Bo la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o ABC la tam giac deu.
cosB cosC j.jjjA
2 '• Neu ABC la tam gxic vuong ching han A = 90" 2A = 180"
cty Train nrv ovvn Kbang vtjt
=> cot2A khong c6 nghTa. A B C
<=> 8sin^—sin^ —sin^ — > c o s A c o s B c o s C (3)
2. N e u A B C la lam giac c6 goc 111 2 2 2 -
L a y A A B C c6 A = 120"; B = C = 30" (do A B C la tam giac nhon nen cosAcosBcosC > 0) i
=> colA + C012A = cot 120" + cot24()" = - c o l 6 0 " + col60" = 0. * o (1 - c o s A ) ( l - cosB)(l - cosC) > cosAcosBcosC
L a i CO colB + colC + col2B + col2C = 2col30" + 2col60" > 0 <=> cosA + cosB + cosC + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
=> c o l A + colB + colC + C012A + cot2B + col2C > 0. •' > 2cosAcosBcosC + 2(cosA + cosB + cosC) - 1. (4)
V a y gia thiel A B C la lam giac nhpn la thifc sif can ihie'l. B
TCr(3)c6: 4 sin—sin—sin — > V2cos A cos B cosC
B a i 4. ChuTng minh rang neu A B C la lam giac khong c6 goc t i i , thi 2 2 2 ~
1. sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA > ( l + V 2 c o s A c o s B c o s C ) . o cosA + cosB + osC > V 2 c o s A c o s B c o s C + 1 (5).
sin A + s i n B + sinC ^ ^ ^ yfl Tur (4) (5) d i den cosA + cosB + cosC + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
2.
COS A + cosB + cosC > 2cosAcosBcosC + 2V2cos A cosBcosC + 1
.2, => cosA + cosB + cosC + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
3 . ( 1 + sinÂ)( 1 + sin^B)( 1 + sin'C) > 4.
cos A cosB I cos B cosC cosCcos A > (l + \/2cosAcosBcoscf . (6)
4.
A B + B C + C A
cos -cos — Dau b i n g trong (6) xay ra A B C la lam giac deu
cos—cos cos - cos -
2 2 2 2 2 2
De dang lhay rang irong m p i tam giac A B C la c6:
A . B . B . C . C . A cosA + cosB + cosC + cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA
< sm—sm—|-sm—sm—f-sm—sm —
2 2 2 2 2 2 +• = sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA. (7)
Giai Thaivay
1. Do A B C la lam giac khong c6 goc lij nen xet hai kha nang sau: (7) o cosA + cosB + cosC + cos(A + B) + cos(B + C) + cos(C + A ) = 0
a. N e u A B C la l a m giac vuong (chang han A = 90") <=> cosA + cosB + cosC - cosC - cosA - cosB = 0 (8)
K h i do SinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA > ( l + 72cosAcosBcosC) (1) V i ( 8 ) d u n g nen (7) dung.
o sinB + sinC + sinBsinC > 1 TCr (7) (8) suy ra dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu
o sinB + cosB + sinBcosB > 1. (2) Nhqn xet: Gia i h i c l A B C la lam giac khong c6 goc tu la can thiet, v i neu chang
Ro rang la c6: sinB > sin'B han A > 90" ^ B < 90", C < 90" => cosAcosBcosC < 0
cosB > cos^B =::> bieu thiJc 72 cos A cosBcosC khong co nghTa!
=> V T (1) > 1 vay (2) dung va dau bang khong xay ra, luTc la (1) dung A B C
2. Do cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4sin—sin—sin— > 0. nen
IrUdng hdp nay khong xiiy ra daiu bang. 2 2 2
b. N e u A B C lii lam giac nhon. K h i do de lha'y s i n A + s i n B + sinC ^ j ^ V2
^ A B C cos A + cos B + cos C ~ 2
lanA + lanB + tanC > col
2
h c o l — + cot —
2 2 o
4i
sinA + sinB + sinC > cosA + cosB + cosC + — ( c o s A + cosB + cosC)
A B C
<=> lanAlanBlanC > col —col—cot —
2 2 2
o (sinA - cosA) + (sinB - co.sB) + (sinC - cosC) > (cosA + cosB + cosC)
A B C 2
cot col - cot -
sin A s i n B s i n C ^ 2 2 2
<=> c o s A c o s B c o s C > . A . B . C
sm sm sm
\/2 sin A - ^
4
+ V2 sin 4
+ V2sin C - ^
4J
> (cosA + cosB + cosC)
2 2 2
B6i duOng hi^c s i n h c[idi L u y n g glic — Fban lluy Kbal
JS/hdn xet: G'\k Ihie't A B C la tam giac khong c6 goc tu thiTc suT la can thie't. That
<=> 2 sin + 2 sin + 2 sin > c o s A + cosB + cosC (1). vay x c t A A B C v d i A = 120"; B = C = 30". K h i do
4 4j 4
+ 1
D a t a = A - - ; P = B - ^ ; y = C - ^ . s i n A + sinB + sinC
4 4 4 cosA + cosB + cosC '2^3-1
Ta c6: '
(!)<=> 2(sina + sinp + siny) > - c o s ( B + C) - cos(C + A ) - cos(A + B) 3. Do A B C la tam giac khong c6 goc t u , nen c6
IT
— cos — cos a + cosAcosBcosC > 0
<=> 2(sina + sinP + siny) > - ccos
os p+ ^
[ 2) l 2j ^ 2J ==> sinÂ + sin^B + sin^C = 2(1 + cosAcosBcosC) > 2
o 2(sina + sinP + siny) > sin(P + y) + sin(y + a ) + sin(a + p) => sinÂ + sin^B > 2 - sin^C. (1)
o (sina + sinp) + (sinP + siny) + (siny + sina) Da'u bang trong ( 1 ) x a y ra <=> A B C la tam giac vuong.
> sinacosP + sinPcosa + sinPcosy + sinycosP + sinycosa + sinacosy Ta lai c6:
<:> (sina + sinP)(l - cosy) + (sinP + siny)(l - cosa)
sinAsinB > sinAsinB - cosAcosB (do cosAcosB > 0)
+ (siny + s i n a ) ( l - cosP) > 0 (2)
=> 'SinAsinB > - c o s * A + B) = cosC
A + B TT A-B
Ta c6: sina + s i n P = 2 s i n " " ' " ^ c o s - — - = 2sin cos- =?/sinÂsin^B > 1 - sin^C. (2)
2 2 2 4j
A = 90"
A-B Dau bang trong (2) xay ra o cosAcosB = 0 o
= 2 sin cos-
4 2) B = 90".
TY C -K I T i r (1) (2) CO (1 + sinÂ)( 1 + sin^B) > 1 + 1 - sin^C + 2 - sin^C
Do A B C la tam giac khong c6 goc tu nen 0 < - - y < -
• (1 + sinÂ)(l + sin^B) > 2(2 - sin^C) (3)
=> (sina + sinP)(l - cosy) > 0. (3)
A = 90"
i D a ' u bang trong (3) xay ra o
C = ^ B = 90".
2
D a u b ^ n g trong (3) xay ra o 4 2 O
T i r (3) suy ra (1 + sinÂ)(l + sin^B)(l + sin^C) > 2(2 - sin^C)(l + sin'C)
cos^ = 1 C = ^
4 hay (1 + sinÂ)(l + s i n ' B ) ( l + sin^C) > 2(2 + sin^C - sin'C) (4).
L a p luan tiTdng tiT c6: (sinP + siny)( 1 - cosa) > 0 (4) Do sin'C - sin''C = s i n ' C ( l - sin^C) > 0 va dau bang xay ra o C = 90"
IT nen tir (4) co: (1 + sinÂ)(l + sin^B)(l + sin^C) > 4 (5).
2 Da'u bang trong (5) xay ra <=> dong thdi co da'u b ^ n g trong (3), (4)
Dau bang trong (4) xay ra o
-j;
A = 90"
•4
,0
(5) B = 90 (6)
(siny + s i n a ) ( l - cosP) > 0
IT C = 90"
2 V i (6) khong the xay ra ( v i trong tam giac khong the co qua 1 goc vuong)
Dau bang trong (5) xay ra <=>
IT
Vay trong (5) khong the co da'u bang, tufc la
4
(1 + sin-A)( 1 + sin'B)( 1 + sin^C) > 4. '
T i r (3) (4) (5) suy ra (2) dung dpcm.
Do la dpcm. *
Da'u bang xay ra o dong thdi c6 da'u bang trong (3), (4), (5)
Nhdn xet: Gia thiet A B C khong c6 g6c td la thvfc sir can thiet Giai
That vay xet A A B C CO A = 120"; B = C = J. Theo ba't d i n g thiJc Cosi, ta co:
f 31 { n 1, + 1 175 ,
l a n ' A + tan'B + tan^C > 3N/lan^ A t a n ^ Btan^ C .
K h i d6 (1 + s i n ' A ) ( l + sin^B)(l + sin^C) = 1 + - i + - - = <4. (I)
4
l 4J l 4J 64 Ta CO VI A B C khong phai la tam giac vuong •
4. V i A B C la tam giac khong co goc tu nen tanAlanBtanC = lanA + lanB + tanC. (2)
cosA > 0, cosB > 0, cosC > 0. Do A B C la l a m giac nhpn nen la co lanA > 0, tanB > 0, lanC > 0, vay lai theo
cos A cos B . f . A . B]
Taco: ^ = 4 sin — sin — o t A c o t B ) bat diing IhuTc Cosi, ta co:
A B 2 2)
cos —cos — lanA + lanB + lanC > 3%/tan A l a n B t a n C . (3)
2 2
Tilf (2) (3) CO lanAlanBlanC > 3%/lan A l a n B l a n C
TCr do theo bat dang thufc Cosi, ta co:
=> (lanAlanBlanC)'' > 27lanAlanBlanC.
— A sin ^ sin ^ + 7 3 col A cot B
cos A cos B^ ^ V3 2 2 = sin—sin — + — c o r A col B Do lanAlanBlanC > 0 nen suy ra tanÂtan^Blan^C > 27. (4) ,
A B >/3 2 2 2
i
Tif (1) (4) di den dpcm. Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
cos ~ cos —
2 2 ^/j^/i xet: Gia I h i e l A B C la lam giac nhpn l i thufc sif can thiet v i
Nhir the b^ng lap luan lifrtng lif, di den t Neu A B C la lam giac vuong chang han A = 90" Ihi lanA khong CO nghla.
cos A cosB cos B cos C cos C cos A
. Neu A B C la lam giac co goc l u , xt3t chang han A A B C co A = 120"; B = C = 30".
B C + C A
i
A B
cos —cos — cos —cos — cos — cos —
2 2 2 2 2 2 Khi do tan'A + lan'B + tan^C = (-73^ + = 3+ -<9.
A B . B . C . C . A + 3
< sin Y ^ i ' i - + sin Y^'" Y sin y s i n y
2. Theo bal dang ihiJc Cosi la co (do tan'*A, tan'^B, tan'^C deu > 0 v i A , B, C nhpn)
+ : / i ( c o t A col B + col B cot C + cot C col A ) l a n ' A + lan'B + lan'^C > 3lanAlanBlanC \/lan^ A l a n ^ Blan^ C (1)
2 Theo phan 1/ co tan"*A + lan^B + tan'C > 27 (2)
Do c o t A c o t B + c o t B c o l C + c o t C c o l A = 1 dpcm
Tuf (1) (2) suy ra dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu.
D a u b^ng xay ra o A B C la lam giac deu.
Nhan x c l : Gia thiet A B C la lam giac nhpn la Ihifc sir can thiet v i tru'dc he't n6
Nhdn xet: D i e u k i c n A B C la lam giac khong co goc l i i la ihifc siJ can thiet vl
khong the la lam giac vuong, con ne'u A B C co mot goc l i i k h i do xet phan vi
nen c h l n g han A > 9()" => cos A < 0, cosB > 0. cosC > 0
du sau: L a y A = 120"; B = C = 30"
c o s A cosB cosCcos A
• cac bieu thufc va khong CO nghla!
C A 273
i {--I^f + 2 i s
A B .f!
cos —cos ~ cos -cos— t a n ' A + tan'^B + lan'C = = -9V3 +
2 2 2 2 27
Bai 5. Cho A B C la tam giac nhon. Chufng minh rang
1. tanÂ + tan^B + tan^C > 0.
9lanAlanBlanC = -9(73) (7^ = -375.
3 I
2. tanÂ + tan^B + lan'^C > 9tanAlanBtanC.
27^ .1 vii-^ ^
b c Do -973 + < -373 vay bat dang ihij-c khong diing.
3. —a -b - —c > 27abc.
cosB cosC , cosC cos A cos A cosB
a co:
^ tan^ A tan^ B tan^ C ^ , „
4. —-I — H ^>1H. b a
. A B . C —a •+ - -b -c >27abc (1)
sin sin cosB cosC cosC cos A [cos A cos B
sin —
2 2
*^«-_r MI1MMWW I'MM W M^V VMM WtMMSUig VM^T
sinB sinC sinC sin A . „ sin A sinB . 4, Ap dung bat dang thuTc Cosi, ta c6:
— sin A H sinB
cosB cosC cosC cosA cos A ^ cosB sinC
tan^ A tan^ B tan^ C (tan A + tanB + tanC)^
> 27sinAsinBsinc;
siny sin~ sin- s i n - + sin - + sin ^ ,ô.v;.,,i ,
sin A sinB sinC
-cosC-sinA -sinB — sinC
.cosAcosB
*
cosB cosCcosA Do A , B, C nhon nen tanA > 0, tanB > 0, tanC > 0, vay theo baft d i n g thtfc
> 27sinAsinBsinc Cosi co:
1-cosBcosC 1-cosCcosA 1-cosAcosB ^ tanA + tanB + tanC > 3^/tan A t a n B t a n C - 3^/tan A + tanB + tanC ;
<^ , . >ll (2)
cosBcosC cosCcosA cos A cos B tanA + tanB + tanC > 3. (2)
I
(do sinA > 0, sinB > 0, sinC > ()) L a i CO theo bat dang thufc liTdng giac cd ban trong tam giac
A B C . A . B . C 3 •• •
Dat X = t a n Y ^ y = t a n y , z = tan-^ • 0 < sin — + sin — + sin — < - (3) , ..
2 2 2 ~2 . M .
D o A , B, C la cac goc nhon nen 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1, 0 < z < 1 T v / r \ / i \ ^ T \A , tan^B , t a n ^ C ^ , „
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) suy ra - - + — + pr->18.
A . B .
\ 1-y^ 1-z^ sin- sin- sin -
T a c 6 : cosA = cosB = cosC = 2 •
1 + x^ 1 + l + z 2 2 2
Do la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu.
Vay
Nhqn xet: Gia thie't A B C la tam giac nhon la can thie't va triTdc het tanA, tanB,
, (i-x^)(i-y^) , (i-y^)(i-z^) , (i-z^)(i-x^)
lanC CO nghTa k h i A , B, C khong phai la goc vuong. N e u A B C la tam giac c6
( l + x ^ ) ( l + y^") " ( r + y ^ ) ( l + z^) ^ " ( r + z ^ ) ( l + x ^ ) ^ . .
(2)« goc t u , Chang han xet A A B C v d i A = 120", B = C = 30", ta c6:
(l-x^)(l-y^) • (l-y^)(l-z^) • (l-z^)(l-x^)
tanA = ->/3; tan B = tan C = —
( l + x ^ ) ( l + y^) ( l + y ^ ) ( l + z2) ( l + z ^ ) ( l + x^) 3
. . A 73 . B . C . , n V2-V3
l(.^W) 2(y^W) 2{z^W) isin—= — ; s i n — = s i n — = sinl5 .
(3)
(l-x^)(l-y^)'(l-y^)(l-z^)'(l-z^)(l-x^)" 2 2 2 2 2
Theo bat d i n g thiJc Co si c6: .Uedo + + + 2V3+lS< 18

sin^ sin-^- sin-^- ^ 3 . 7 ^ 3
4xy 4yz • 4zx 2 2 2
1
" (l-x^)(l-y^)'(l-y^)(l-z^)'(l-z^)(l-x^)
f V a y bat dang thiJc khong con dung nffa!
hay V T (3) > tanAtanB.tanBtanC.tanCtanA
i a i 6. (Bat dang thiJc W.I.Gridasov)
V T (3) > tanÂtan^Btan^C. (4)
Chu'ng minh r i n g trong m o i tam giac nhon ta c6:
Theo cac bai tren c6: tanÂtan^Btan^C > 27 (5) lanAtanBtanCsinAsinBsinC > — .
8
Tir (4) (5) suy ra (3) diing => (1) dung => dpcm
Giai
Dau b^ng xay ra <=> A B C la tarn giac deu.
Do sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4sinAsinBsinC, nen
Nhqn xet:
P = lanAtanBtanCsinAsinBsinC = - t a n A tanB t a n C ( s i n 2 A + sin2B + sin2C)
R6 r^ng d i e u k i e n A B C la tarn gidc nhon la can thiet
4
Cdc ban hay tiT g i a i thich la'y v i sao? sinAsinBsinC , . . . . ^ „ . „ „
2cosAcosBcosC (sinAcosA + sinBcosB + sinCcosC) ;
O 27cosÂcos-Bcos^C < sinÂsin^Bsin^C
= i ( s i n ^ A l a n B l a n C + sin-^BtanCtanA + s i n ^ C t a n A l a n B ) . (1)
o tanÂtan'Blan^C > 27 (2)
2
Do A B C la lam giac nhon, nen (2) dung => (1) dung => dpcm.
Do A , B , C deu la goc nhon nen tanA > 0, tanB > 0, tanC > 0, vay l i f (1) va
* K h i A B C la tam giac vuong c h i n g han A = 90" => b^ + c^ = a^ => b ' + c^ - a^ =
theo bat dang thiJc Cosi, ta c6:
^ V T = 0 => bat dang thiJc hien nhien dung.
P > i . 3 ^ s i n ' A s i n ' Bsin" C t a n ' A t a n ' B l a n " C, tiJc la P > ^ ^
Vay ba't d i n g thiJc da cho la dung. Dau bSng xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
2 ^
27 27 0an xet: Bat dang ihiJc noi tren difclc nha loan hoc T.Ono diTa ra Ian dau l i e n
=> > — P ^ => P > — => dpcm.
vao nam 1914 trcn tap chi " I n l e r m e d . M a t h " , N " 2 1 , 1914 trang 146 diTdi dang
Dau bhng xay ra <=> A B C la tarn gidc d i u . gia thiet: L i e u bat dang thuTc tren co dung v6'\i tam giac khong?
Nhdn xet: Vao nam 1915 nha loan hoc F.Balilrand da chi ra rSng ba't dang thiJc tren
diing v d i m o i lam giac khong nhon va cung cho phan v i du no co the khong
1. R6 rang neu A B C la lam giac vuong chang han A = 90" thi lanA khong e6
diing neu A B C la tam giac co goc tii (lieu cac ban doc gia co t i m diTdc v i du
nghla, con neu A B C la lam giac co goc tu chang han A > 90" k h i do B, C la
nao hay khong?). V i le do bat dang thiJc nay co ten hai ngirdi:
goc nhon nen lanA < 0, lanB > 0, tanC > 0 con ro rang sinAsinBsinC > 0
Bat d i n g thu-c T.Ono va F.Balilrand".
27
=> P < 0 vay khong the co P > — . Bai 8. (Bat dang ihtfc A . W . W a l k e r )
O
2. Bat dang thi?c W.I.Gridasov difdc cong bo Ian dau l i e n tren tap chi Cho A B C la l a m giac khong co goc til. Chtfug minh rang:
" M a t e m a t y k a " (Wars/awa) N"32 - 1972 Irang 308 - 309 >2R^+8Rr + 3r^
3. Ta CO the viet lai bat dang thiJc W.I.Gridasov difdi dang sau: Giai
27 27
lanAtanBlanC > . ^ . hay tanA + lanB + lanC ^ . T a c o : p^ > 2R^ + 8Rr + 3r^
SsinAsmBsmC 8sinAsinBsinC
o p^ - 4Rr - r^ > 2R^ + 4Rr + 2r^
.^373
Ro rang trong m o i lam giac la co: 0 < sinAsinBsmC < _ p^ - 4 R r - r ^ ^ R^ + 2 R r + r^
2R2 R2
27
- > 3N/3 .
8sin A s i n B s i n C ^ P ^ - 4 R r - r ^ , fR + r^^
(1)
V a y bat dang thiJc W.I.Gridasov la tot hdn k e l qua quen biet sau: 2R2 R
Trong m o i l a m giac nhon, la co: lanA + tanB + tanC > 3A/3 . Theo bai loan phu trd (xem phan dang thtfc liTdng giac trong tam giac), ta co:
(!)<=> sinÂ + sin'B + sin^C > (cosÂ + cos^B + cos^C)^
B a i 7. (Bat d i n g ihiJc T.Ono va F.Balilrand)
<=> a' + b^ + c^ > (2RcosA +2RcosB + 2 R c o s C ) l (2)
Cho A B C la tam giac khong nhon, chi^ng minh rang:
Xet hai kha nang sau: /
27(b= + c^ - a^)^(a^ + c^ - b^)'(a^ + b= - c-)' <
Neu A B C la tam giac vuong l a i (tai A c h i n g han)
Giai
(2) o 2a^ > 4R^(cosB + cosC)^ ;
* X e t k h i A B C la tam giac nhon
<=> 2a^ > a^(cosB + sinB)^
A p dung dinh ly ham so cosin, la co:
<=> 2 > 1 + 2sinBcosB ,,
o •• ••• ' ^ ^
27(b= + c^ - a^Ka^ + c^ - b^)=(a^ + b^ - c^)^ < 4^5^^ (1)
<:> 27(2bccosA)^(2accosB)'(2abcosC)^ < 4'(2R^sinAsinBsinC)' <=>sin2B<l. (3)
« 64.27(abc)'cos'Acos'Bcos'C < 4 ' . 2 ' R ' ' s i n ' A s i n ' B s i n ' ' C (3) dung ncn (2) dung. Da'u bSng xay ra <=> B = 45" '
« 64.27.8'R'=sinÂsin'Bsin'Ccos=Acos'Bcos'C < 4 ' . 2 ' ' R ' ' s i n ' A s i n ' B s i n ' C ^ A B C la tam giac vuong ciin dinh A .
2. N e u A B C la tam giac nhon p a l 9. ChuTng m i n h r i n g trong m o i tam giac nhon ta co cac bat dang thiJc sau:
G o i H la irifc tam A A B C . Ta c6: H A = 2RcosA, H B = 2RcosB, H C = 2RcosC.
4S^
V a y (2) « a^ + + c^ > ( A H + B H + C H ) ^ (3)* 1 sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < ^ 2R2+4Rr + rV
2R^ 27R2 j
Ta c6: A H . A A ' = A C ' . A B = cbcosA = 4S
1 sin^ A + s i n ^ B + s i n ^ C < 2 + -.
27R
a^+c^-b^
TiTdng tir BH.BB' =
1 sin^ A + sin^B + s i n ^ C < — — 4 R 2' - 2 ^Rrr. -_2 0.2
r^ +
a^+b^-c^
^ 4R-V 27R2J
CH.CC' =
4S^
A (sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + sinA) < — — (R + r ) ( 2 R + r ) +
a^+b^+c^ 27R'J
Vay A H . A A ' + BH.BB' + C H . C C =
4R 2 ^
5. J 1 < i 2 R ^ + 4 R r + r^ +
A'H B ' H , C'H , sinA sinB sinC S 27R^ j
Theo dinh l i X e V a , co: — + + ^ = 1
sinA + s i n B sinB + sinC sinC + s i n A 1 4S^
' A H ^ BH ^ CH 2 R ^ + R r + r2 +
(4), ^ •—
sinC 1 s i•—•
nA 1 sinB <
Rr 27R^
A'A B'B C'C
^S^
A P dung bat dang thuTc Bunhiacopski ket hdp v d i (4), ta c6: 7. cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA <
2 2 2 27R^
• ( 3 ) dung dpcm.
^ - ± i L ± £ - . 2 > ( A H + B H + CH)^ 4S
I cos^ A + cos^B + c o s ^ C > l - •
Dau bilng xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu. 27R'
Nhqn xet: 9. - L1 _ ^ 1 ^ 1 ^ 2 7 R - ' ( R + r)

cos A cosB cosC 2S^
1. Ba't dang thiJc A . W . W a l k e r Ian dau tien du'dc tac gia cong bo tren tap chi
A m e r . M a t h , N " 7 9 , 1 9 7 2 trang 1 1 3 5 10. cotA + cotB + cotC <
27R^
2 . X e t k h i A B C co goc t u , chang han xet k h i A = 1 2 0 " ; B = C = 3 0 "
4S
Ta co: b = c = BH a a 'l.cotAcotBcotC <
cos 30" .73 V3 • 27R 2 •
'y 2
'2. cot^ A + c o t ^ B + c o t ^ C < 2R^ + -2.
27R^j
V a y a ' + b' + c ' = ^ + y + y = 3 ^
9R'
'3- (tanA + tanB)(tanB + tanC)(tanC + tanA) >
T a c 6 : R = 0 A = A B = ^3 I 2S
V a y (2RcosA + 2RcosB + 2RcosC) 8R2_r2_16S
C 27R^
l l t a n 2 A + t a n 2 l + tan2^>
= 4R' _ i + : ^ + ^ f = ^ ( 2 V ^ - l f =^(13-4V^) 2
^ 2 - 2 • 2) 3 (2R + r)2+-lS' ' ^
27R^
Ro rang 13 - 4>/3 > 5 (VI o 2 > 73 ).
V a y ta co: a' + b ' + c^ < (2RcosA + 2RcosB + 2RcosC)' tufc la (2) khong du"^ '^•cotÂ + e o t ^ B + e o t ^ C 1 .2
4R'-4Rr-r^
^r,_ .2 + 8S
Do do gia thiet A B C la tam giac khong co goc tii la thi/c sif can thiet. I 2 2 2 " 27R2J
BSI du6ng bpc attib gt6l LUftng glAc - Fhan Huy lUiat Cty TPfllllMTVDVVnKhang Vlft
1 ] 1 4R + r
•X A ^ B 1C ^ S 4S SO. — + — + — >
16. cot-' — + c o t ^ - + c o r - < — 2 R 2 - 8 R r + r^ + ra^b rbf, r,r. 2 , 8rS 2 "
z ^ r 27R^ r(2R + rr +
27R^
2 A . 2 B - 2 6 . 2 C , . 2 C . 2 A 1 .2 ,
17. s i n 2 - s i n 2 - + s i n 2 _ - s i n ^ - + sm - s i n - < - ^ lOR^ + 6 R r + r^ + 4S'
27R2 31. h , + h „ + h , < - 2RV4Rr+r^
27R^
8S^
18. cos2A + cos2B + cos2C > - l - 2 8S'
27R^ '
32. h , K + h h h , + h , h , < ^
(2R + rr + 27R'
19. sin — + sm — + sin — > — 4 R 2 - 4 R r - 2r^ 2 . 8S^
2 8R^ 27R^J 33. h . h b h , < (2R + r )
R 27R^j
1 1 1 ^ l + (4R + rr
20. - + ^ +
B - > x2 8Sa • 2R2+4Rr + r2+-^^
cos^y cos'" cos^y (2R + r ) ' + hahb h„h,, • h , h , 28^ 27R'
27R'
4S^
1 1
1 / 2 2 2 . 4S^ 2R^ +
21. -+ 5- + pT< — 2R^ - 2 R r + r ' + 27R^J
. 2A . 2B . 2^ r 27R^
sin — sin — sm —
2 2 2 Giai
1 1 1 8 R ( 4 R + r) Trirdc het chii y rang ba't dang thiJc W.l.Gridasov ( x c m bai 6) co the viet lai
22.
.A . B ^ 2B 2C"^ 2C 2 A
> a +. - ^8S ,2 • diTcifi dang sau: Trong m o i tam giac nhon, ta c6:
cos" cos cos'
i-OS
. COS--
cos :2 CC OO SS- ^cos-
COS
^ (2R + r) ---^
2'^ 21R'
2 2 p^-(2R + r ) ^ < ^ (*)
2S' 27R-
23. + <6R' +
9R' 27
That vay theo bai 6 ta co: tanAtanBtanC >
8sinAsinBsinC
8Rr^ (2R + r ^ ) + ' ^ 2pr 2S
27R- Do lanAtanBtanC - tanA + tanB + tanC =
24. I.M<
4S p 2 - ( 2 R + rr p'-(2R + rr
(R + r)(2R + r) +
27R^ sinAsinBsinC =
2R'
25. r A r , < r ( 2 R + r ) ' + | ^ .
I (theo bai toan phu trd - x c m phan dang ihtfc lifdng giac trong tam giac)
8rS^ iTirdotaco: — ^ > ^ ^ p ^ - ( 2 R + r)^<«^^
26. r , r , + r , r , + r , r , < ( 2 R + r ) ' + p ' - ( 2 R + r)' 4S 2•
27R^ 27R
V a y (*) diTdc ch^ng minh.

27. r . + r h + r , > 8 R ^ - r - - - ^
Bay gifj la chu'ng minh cac bat dang thiirc trong bai.
^- X e t bat dang thiJc :
32S^
28. r^ + r , ^ + r , ' > 1 6 R V r ' - 2 1
9R 1 2 , . 0 . , _2 . 4S
sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < 2R"+4Rr + r' +
,2 _2 8S' 2R^ 27R^ j
4R^ - 4 R r - r + 2 7 R ' j Theo bai loan phu trd, la co:
B S I dudng hgc s i n h gidl Lupng glAc - rban Huy Khal Cty TrmnMTVDWnKbang Vtft
sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA = P + 4 R r + r Vi the ta lai c6: sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C < - . (2")
4
VI ABC la tam giac nhon nen theo bat dang thufc W.I.Gridasov, ta c6:
Nhirvay chu y rang: -^<2l:^<J_ '
" 27R'' " 9R^ " 4
p2<(2R + r ) ' + - ^ . (**)
27R^ Vi the' bat d i n g thiJc trong phan 21 la tot hctn bat ding thufc (2') va cang tot
Tiif (*), (**)c6: hcJn bat dang thtfc ( 2 " ) . Lu\ y rang bat dang thtfc ( 2 " ) la ra't thong dung. ^
3. Do do ta lha'y vice xet cac bat d i n g thtfc trong bai tren la hdp ly va ho^n
(2R + r ) ' + ^ + 4 R r + r2
k. toan C O y nghTa.
sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < ^^-'-^ hay
4R^ wk~ 9. ChiJng minh hoiin loan lu'dng tif.
4S2 Wt). Xet bat d i n g thiJc ., „ . •, • s... v . • ,
sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < 2R^ + 4 R r + r^ +
2R^ 27R^ j
cotA + cotB + cotC < - 2 R ^ + . 4 ^
S 27R'
(10)
Vay ( 1 ) diTrtc chiJng minh: Dau bang xay ra o ABC la tam giac deu.
2. Xet bat dang thu-c:
Theo biii toan phu tnl, ta c6: cot A + cotB + cotC = p ^ - r ^ - 4 R r . (*)
2S
sin^ A + sin^B + s i n - C < 2 + 7 (2)
Tir (*) va ba't ding thiJc W.I.Gridasov, suy ra
Theo bai toan phu trd, ta c6: sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C = ^^^^—(*) (2R + r ) + ^ ^ \ - 4 r R
2R2 coiA + cotB + colC < 27R^
-. hay
2S
Theo ba't d i n g thiJc W.I.Gridasov thi p^ < (2R + r)^ + . (**) .2 ^
27R^ colA + cotB + colC < - 2R^ +
(2R + r ) ' + - ^ - 4 R r - r 2
it.' s 27R^
Vay (1) du-dc chij-ng minh va dau bing xay ra « ABC la tam giac deu
Tiir (*) va (**) CO sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C < pl -1."^. ChiJng minh tu'iJng tiT.
4R^
14. Xet bat dang thiJc
hay sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C < 2 + . X
27R^ 8R^-r-'6^-
tan- A + tan" B + t a n ' C > 27R^ T
Vay (2) diTdc chiJng minh. Dau bang xay ra o ABC la tam giac deu. (14)
Nhqn xet: (2R + r ) ^ + -^-^

27R2
1. Nhirtren da tha'y: ^ <
27R2 ~ 9 I Thct) bai toan phu trcf thi tan^ A + tan^ B + tan'^ C = ('^^ + '") 2p
V i the tur phan 2 / ta c6: sin^ A + sin^ B + sin^ C < 2 + ^ (2')

9R^
• Do p ' < (2R + r)" + , vay tu" (*) suy ra
S S'v/s 27R'
2. Ta lai thay: —r = 2sin AsinBsinC <
R^ ~ 4
(4R + r ) ^ - 2 (2R + r ) ' + - ^ ^ i
(DiTa vao bat dang thtfc quen biet: 27R^
tan-A + tan-B + t a n ' C >
Trong mpi tam giac ABC thi sinAsinBsinC <
• 27R2
M a t khac do sinAsinBsinC < nen ^ ^ s i n A s i n B s i n C < - (*****).
27R^ 8 3 A :
hay tan^ A + tan^ B + tan^ C >
(***•**) suy ra (***) dung, tiJc (**) diing
(2R + r ) 2 + : : ^
27R' A B C '
N h u da biet trong m p i tam giac ta c6: tan^ y + tan^ ^ + ân^ — > 1 ( 1 4 " )
V a y (14) dung => dpcm. Dau bSng xay ra <=> A B C la tarn gi^c deu.
Tir cac lap luan tren suy ra (14) tot hdn (14') va cang tot hdn ( 1 4 " )
Nhqn xet:
Nhu' the mot Ian niJa ta thay tinh hdp l i k h i xet bai to^n cua chiing ta.
48^ ^ V3S '
Do 15 - 22. Churng minh tiTdng tiT.
27R ^ ^ 9
23. X e t ba't dilng thiTc
9R' m ; + m^ + m.^ < 6R^ + .

V i the tir 14/ suy ra tan^ A + tan^ B + tan C >
9R'
9R^ Thco bai tcnin phii i r d , thi
T -> -I 3 / T , -I i \/T 2
m +mf; + m" +1^" / = -lP" - r -4Rrj.
8 R ^ - r ^ - ^ f
B a y gic< ta chiJug minh rang 9Ri_>i. (**)
V i the thco bat dang thiJc W.I.Gridasov suy ra
2 2N/3S
(2R + r ) ^ + - " - ^
9R^ 2 ^ 3 8S 2
m: + niu + m,. < - (2R + rr + -r" -4Rr
27R'
That vay (**) o 8 R ' - r^ - > 4R' + 4Rr + r ' +
9R^ 4S^
hay m;; + m[; + m;: < 6R'' +
2•
V3S 9R
o 2R^ - 2 R r - r ^ > ^\^•
3 V a y (23) dung => dpcm. Dau b i n g xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.
r r 2A. X e t ba't dang thiJc

o 2-2 > ± 2 ^ s i n A sin Bsin C . (***)
,2
R ,R " 3 8S' 'jr.'
8Rr' .2R + r ' ) +
1 27R'j
X e t h a m so f(x) = - x ' - 2x + 2, v d i 0 < x < - /aU<- (24)
4S^
(R + r ) ( 2 R + r) +
Ta c6: r ( x ) = - 2 x - 2 27R^
] 16Rr^p^
X Theo bai toan phu trd thi / , , / [ , ^ ~T (*)
-1 0 :
p- + 2Rr + r^
f + 0 i - 1 i T i r (*) VI ap dung ba't dang thiJc W.I.Grida.sov suy ra
V i 0 < — < - (qua hien nhien), nen ta c6: f

1
>f
,2,
r
1 1
16Rr' (2R + r 2 j +
-
(2R4r)-+
4S-
8S^
27R^
, + r ( 2 R + r)
8Rr' (2R +
- hay A,/,/^, < •
, ' ) + i ^ i
(R4r)(2R + r ) +
27R'i
4S^
R ~ 2 R 27R- 27R^
r^ r V a y (24) dung dpcm. Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C ia lam giac deu.
hay 2-2
R- R ~ 4 ^•"^ 3.^. ChiJng minh lu'dng tU. ' '
-FbanHuyRbal
Nhdn xet:
14. sin — s i n ' ' — + s i n ' ^ — s i n ^ — + s i n ^ — s i n ^ — >
1. 35 ba't d i n g thiJc Iren d e u diTa v a o baft d i n g thtfc W . I . G r i d a s o v 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 16R2
8S^ 6,^ • 4 A , . 4 B , . 4C^3R2-4Rr + 2r^

p2 < ( 2 R + r ) ^ + \\S. sm h s m — + sm — <
27R^ '
' 2 2 2 - 4R^ •
V i the C O the x e m c h i i n g la cac he qua triTc t i c p cua bat d a n g thu"c q u a n t r o n g nay
2. C a c b a n h a y t i f c h o v i d u chiJng to r ^ n g g i a t h i e t t a m g i a c n h o n h o a c tam 16. c o s 2 A + c o s 2 B + c o s 2 C < ^ -4Rr-2r

R2
g i a c k h o n g c6 g o c t i j la thifc s i / c a n t h i p t .
B a i 10. Chufng m i n h r a n g t r o n g m o t t a m g i a c n h o n ta co cac ba't d a n g thiJc sau:

,7 ' +c -Wi^^ + c_WL^ , < 2 R V 8 R r + 3r^'
R V 6 R r + 2r^ 2 2 2
1. s i n A s i n B + s i n B s i n C + s i n C s i n A >
2R^ ' • ' , 1 , 2R2
x2 . 2 A . 2 B . 2 C -
2. sin^ A + s i n ^ B + sin^ C > . 2 2 2
R2
1 \ \ < ^ ' ^ ( 4 ^ + '-)
3. ,WA + sin^B + s m ^ C > i ^ ^ cos^^cos^-^- cos^^-cos^^ c o s 2 ^ c o s 2 ^ ~ 2 R 2 + 8 R r + 3r2
R^ 2 2 2 2 2 2
4. (sin A + sin B ) ( s i n B + sin C ) (sin C + sin A ) > ^ ( R ^ + 5Rr + 2 r ^ ) . 20. m ^ + m ^ + m , 2 >3(R + r ) \

2R^
, , , ^ 8 R r M 2 R 2 + 8 R r + 3r2)
5 1 I 1 I 1 ^ R ^ + 6 R r + 2r^
R ^ + 5 R r + 2r^
sin A sinB sinC ~ S
^ sinA + sinB sinB + sinC s i n C + s i n A ^ R ^ + 3 R r + 2r^ 22. r^r^r, > r ( 2 R 2 + 8 R r + 3r2).

o. 1 1 > .
sinC sin A sinB Rr 23. r.J^, + r^r, + r , r , > 2R^ + 8Rr + .

2 R r + r^ - R -
7. cos A c o s B + c o s B c o s C + c o s C c o s A > 24. + + < 12R2 - 4Rr - 5r^ .
2R^
25. r,^ + + < 40R-^ - 48R2r + r ^ .
8. cos^ A + cos^ B + cos^ C < - ^ ( 2 R ^ - 2 R r - r ^ ) .
-R2
^r. ^^^4R'+3R^-9R^r-4r-'
9. cos-' A + cos-' B + cos-' C < r .
2R^
r'rb fbr' r.^fa r(2RV8Rr+ 3r2)'
10. c o t A + c o t B + cotC>-^^^''^
28. h , + hb + h^. > - ( R 2 + 6Rr + 2v^).
R
2 A 2B 2C^12R^-4Rr-5r^
11. tan — + tan — + tan — < ^.
29. h , h b + h b h , + h , , h , > ^ ( 2 R 2 + 8 R r + 3r^).
2 2 2 2 R ^ + 8 R r + 3r^
R
12. cot"^ — + cot — + cot — > Gidi

2 • 2 2 " ,
C h i J n g m i n h cac he thtfc n a y b a n g c i i n g m o t phiTdng p h a p la k e t h d p b a i l o a n
,3 A TB 3 C ^ p ( 2 R 2 - 4 R r + 3r2) p h u trcJ v d i b a t d a n g thiJc A . W . W a l k e r .
13. cot-' — + c o f — + c o f — >
2 2 2 ~ r-^ L a y v i d u ta x e t p h a n 19/. 'FHS^ ,ir •
Cty nWH IVrVDVVn Kbang V/fit
Xet bat ding thufc:

2. N e u C < - = ^ 2 C < -
1 1 1 8 R ( 4 R + r)
< (19) 4 2 4
2 A 2 B ' 2B 2C ' 2 C 2 A - 2 R ^ + 8 R r + 3r^
cos —cos ~ cos —COS - COS —COS - -roivl-TJl T a c o : 0 < n - 2B < 2 C < -
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Theo bai toan phu t r d , thi
=i> sin2B < sin2C.
1 1 1 8r(4R + r)
•+ - T o m l a i ta da chiJng minh dtfcfc sin2A < sin2B < sin2C. (3)
2 A 2 B ' 2B 2 C 2C 2 A
COS — C O S cos —COS — COS —COS — Tir (2), (3) va theo ba't dang thu-c Trebdsep, ta c6: , .
2 2 2 2 2 2
Theo bat dang A . W . W a l k e r thi p^ > 2R^ + 8Rr + 3 r l 3 (a^ sin 2 A + b^ sin 2B + c^ sm 2C) < (a^ + b^ + c^) (siji 2 A + sin 2B + sin 2C)
T i f do suy ra (19) dung. Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu (d day xet
hay a ' s i n 2 A + b 2 s i n 2 B + c 2 s i n 2 C < ^ ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) s i n A s i n B s i n C "
trong Idtp cac tam giac nhpn).
Nhqn xet:
^ ( a 2 s i n 2 A + b^sin2B + c 2 s i n 2 c ) \
1. (5 day dong vai tro ndi bat la bat dang thiJc A . W . W a l k e r . Co the xem 29 b a i
4 . 4 R M s i n ^ A + sin^B + sin ^ c)sin A sin B sin C
dang thiJc t r c n la cac he qua triTc tiep cua bat dang thiJc nay.
<
2. Ban doc hay cho v i du de thay rSng cac gia thie't A B C la tam giac nhon hoac 3.4.2R^sinAsinBsinC
khong CO goc tu la can thiet. ^ ( a ^ s i n 2 A + b^ sin2B + sin2C) < ^ ( s i n ^ A + sin^ B + sin^ c) (4)
B a i 10. Cho A B C la tam giac khong c6 goc tii. ChuTng minh:
• Theo bat dang thiJc Ming giac cd ban trong tam giac, ta c6: '•''
a^cosA b^cosB . c^cosC ^3
<-.
be ab ~ 2 sin^ A + sin^B + s i n ^ C < - ^ . (5) .(.j
ca
Giai
I Tilf (4) (5) suy ra (1) dung. Da'u bkng xay ra o A B C la tam giac d i u
^ , a^cosA b^cosB c^cosC^3 Do la dpcm.
Ta co: 1 ^ 1 < -
be ca ab 2 Nhdn xet: Ban doc hay cho v i du de' thay r^ng gia thie't A B C la tam giac khong
o — ( a ^ s i n 2 A + b^sin2B + c ^ s i n 2 C ) < - (1) CO goc tu la can thiet.
4S 2
.:iA
B a i 11. Cho A B C la tam giac nhon. Chiang minh:
Do vai tro binh dang c6 the gia suT A > B > C => a^ > b^ > c l (2)
t a n A + t a n B + tanC + t a n - t a n - t a n -
Do A B C la tam giac khong c6 goc t u , nen B + C > ^ , ma B > C => B > ^ 2 2 2 - 9 •
Giai
Ta CO A > B ^ 2A > 2B
V i A B C la tam giac nhon, nen ta c6:
=>0<7t-2A<7i-2B<-
2 tan A + tan B + tan C > cot I + cot I + cot I (xem chtfng m i n h bai 1 ph^n nay)
=> sin(TC - 2 A ) < sin(7i - 2B) , . , A B C 1 1
, L a i CO tan — t a n — t a n — =
=> sin2A < sin2B. 2 2 2 A B C A B C
cot-cot-cot- cot- + cot- + cot- .
Chi CO hai kha nang sau xay ra: 2 2 2 2 2 2 ' ••
1. N eu C > - , Ihi do B > C 0 < 7t - 2B < 71 - 2C < - Vay
4 2
=> sin(7t - 2B) < sin(7t - 2C) Ian A + tanB + tanC + tan — t a n - t a n -
2 2 2
=> sin2B < sin2C.
A B C 1 Giai
> c o t - + cot- + cot- + ^ - . (I) A B C ,
cot
+cot +cot- D a t x = tan —, y = tan —, z = tan—, thi
2 2 2 2 . 2 2 , ,
A B C ( ) < x < l , 0 < y < l , 0 < z < 1.
R6 rang trong moi tam giac ta c6: cot — + col — + cot — > (2)
Hien nhien theo he thiJc lu'dng trong tam giac va ba't dang thiJc liTdng giac cd
Dau b^ng trong (2) xay ra <=> ABC la tam giac deu. ban, ta c6:
Xet ham so f(x) = x + - vdi x > V3 . xy + yz + zx = 1 (i)
A B C r .
x + y + z=tan h tan — + tan—> V3 (2)
Taco: f'(x) = 1 - - ^ > 0 khi x > Vs . 2 • 2 • 2
x^ Theo bat dang thuTc Cosi, ta c6:
Vay f(x) la ham dong bien khi x > 3>/3 . V i the tilf (2) c6:
(l-x)(l-y)(l-z)
(l-x)(l-y)(l-z)<
3
cot" hCOt hCOt —
2 2 2 3^/3 9 \
X + y+ z 7^]
A B C 1 ^28V3 r:>(l-X)(l-y)(l-z)< 1- < 1- (3)
=> cot— + cot— + cot— H T r- —> . (3)
2 2 2 A B C 9 (
c o t ~ + cot + c o t - <' :. Lai c6:
2 2 2
{1 - x ) ( l - y ) ( l - z) = 1 + (xy + yz + zx) - (x + y + z) - xyz
T i r ( l ) va (3) suy ra
= 2 - ( x + y + z + xyz).
T. ^ A B C^28V3
tan A + tan B + tan C + tan — tan—tan — > => dpcm. Tijrdo c6: X + y + z + xyz 2 - (1 - x)(l - y ) ( l - z). (4)
2 2 2 ~ 9
ir(3)(4)c6 x + y + z + x y z > 2 - fl
Nhan xet: R6 rang ABC khong the la tam giac vuong vi neu chang han A = 90" 3
thi tan A khong c6 nghia. 6 la dpcm. Dau bang xay ra khi va chi khi ABC la tam giac deu.
* X e t A A B C v d i A = 120";B = C = 30"
R \/3
Khi do tanA = - V 3 ; tanB = tanC = — => tanA + tanB + tanC = .
3 3
Lai CO tan — = 73;tan—= tan — = tanl5" = 2 - ^ / 3
2 2 2
=> tan — t a n - t a n - = V3 ( 2 - V s f = 7 3 ( 7 - 4 7 3 ) = 7 7 3 - 1 2
2 2 2
A B C 20^ ,^
=> tanA + tanB + tanC + tan—tan —tan — = 12<0.
2 2 2 3
Vay khong the c6 bat dang thiJc theo yeu cau.
Nhif vay gia thiet ABC la tam giac nhon la thiTc sir can thiet!
Bai 12. Cho ABC la tam giac khong c6 goc tu
^. . ^ A B C A B C^1073
ChuTng mmh: tan — h tan — + tan — h tan — tan—tan — > .
2 2 2 2 2 2 ^ 9
aoi auvny ujw, sum yim iûyny y"- -
C . B a t dang thtfc Itfrfng giac trong tarn giac khong nhon Tiir bang bien Ihien suy ra: VP (3) = f {sm
• A
— < f = 41
Tam giac khong nhon la tarn giac co max {A, B, C} > 90". 2J
I 2 J
Trong muc nay ta se xet cac bat ding thiJc liTcfng giac trong lam giac khong Vay tir ( 2 ) (3) suy ra ( 2 ) diing => ( 1 ) dung => dpcm.
nhon. [B = C
Dafu bang xay ra <=> A V2 ^ ABC la tam giac vuong can.
Bai 1. (Bat dang thuTc A.Emmerich) '' ' "
sin—= —
Cho ABC la tam giac khong nhon. Chi?ng minh: R 2 2 ^
Giai yV/jfl/i xet: *

1. Bat dang thtfc A.Emmerich Ian dau tien di/dc di/a ra trong tap chi "Zeit.math
Khong giam tong quat gia sijT max{ A, B, C} = A => A > - natuzwiss. Unterricht" N"26, 1895. Bat dang lhi?c nay co the xem la bat dang
thiJc cd ban vdi tam giac khong nhon.
(do ABC la tam giac khong nhon). Ta c6:
2. Chii y giii Ihiet ABC la tam giac khong nhon la ihiTc sir can thiet. Neu ABC
R > ( V 2 + l)r (1)
la tam giac nhon ihi ke't luan cua bai toan chiTa chic dung. That vay gia suf
o - > V 2 + l neu ABC la tam giac deu, khi do R = 2r => R < (N/2 + l ) r .
Bai 2. Cho ABC la tam giac khong nhon. Chu'ng minh: p < ( x / 2 + I ) R .
1
>V2 + 1 Giai
. A . B . C
4sm sm sm
2 2 2 Gia s i J f m a x { A ; B ; C ) = A = > A >
^ . A . B . C^ ,
o 4sm—sm—sm— < v 2 - 1 Taco p < ( V 2 + I ) R (1)
2 2 2
c:> R(sinA + sinB + sinC) < ( s / 2 + I ) R
<=> cosA + cosB + cosC <
^ . 2A , B+C B-C <=> sinA + sinB + sinC < >/2 + I
o l - 2 s m — + 2cos cos—-— g _l_ ^ g ^
o s i n A + 2sin cos <\/2+l
2 1 ~
o - 2 s i n ' - + 2.sin-cos^—^ + 1 < V 2 (2)
2 2 2 <=> sin A + 2 cos Y cos—^— < \/'2 + 1 . (2)
A A
Lai CO VT (2) < - 2 s i n - y + 2 s i n y + 1 (3)
I
Ro rang ta co: sinA < 1 (3)
B-C ... ,, B-C ^ . , ^ A IT A ^ N/2
Dau bang trong (3) xay ra o cos - = 1 o B = C. Vi 0 < cos < con do — < — < — => cos— < —
I
2 4 ^ 2 2 2 ~ 2
^ A B-C
X c l ham so f(x) = -2x^ + 2x + 1 vdi — < x < 1 I cos — COS <4i. (4)
2 2
doA> — =>-< —<-=> — <sm—<1 I Tir (3) (4) suy ra ( 2 ) dung => dpcm. of!
~2 4 " 2 2 2 2 sin A = 1
Ta co: f'(x) = - 4 x + 2 va c6 bang bicn thicn sau: A 4i A = 90'
,0
cos— =
X Dau bang xay ra <=> B= C
1 ^ 2
B-C
2
,
2 2
cos =I
r(x) 0 i i ..h< f; . \
r(x) i \ : o ABC lii tam giac vuong can.
Cly TrniHnrVDVVntibang Vlft~
Nhdn xet: Gia I h i c l ABC la tarn g i a c k h o n g n h o n Ihifc sif c a n thie't 'fidn xet:Dicu kicn ABC la lam giac khong nhpn la thUc siT can thie't.
Neu ABC la l a m g i a c n h o n , g i a silr ABC la l a m g i a c d c u c a n h a, k h i d o Xcl vi du khi ABC la lam giac deu canh a. Luc dc5
p = ^ ; ( V ^ + l)R^(V^ + l ) ^ = ^ ^ a . 3a , .»J3 , a73 5aV3 " I'''" " ' " l
2 3 3 n= —;2R+r = 2 = . ^
Ta co: — > ' 2 3 6 6 - ,
2 3 Litu y battadang
3 5^/3 r ' •
Ro rang co: -thii'c
> ban dau(vicoodang
9 > p5V3
> 2R). + r!
c:>9> 2 ^ 6 + 2 ^ pai 4. (Ba't dang thuTc J.T.Groenman) <'
c ^ 8 1 > 4 2 + 8^18 (**) Neu ABC la tam2 giac6khong n h p n , hay chiJng minh:
39 > 8^/[8 .
Vi (**) dung nen (*) dung p > (N/2 + I)R, vay bat dang ihu-c ban dflail a'+b^+c^ ^8V2-4
ab + be + ca 7
khong dung trong IriTdng hdp nay.
Bai 3. Cho ABC la tarn giac khong nhon. ChiJng minh rang: p < 2R + r. 2. ab + b e + c a < 2 ( 4 7 2 - 5 ) p ^
Giai Uli giai cua bai loan n a y diTPc duâ ra Ian dau bdi tac gia J.T>Groenman tren
Gia surmax{A, B, C) = A => A > - tap chi "Nienm Arch Wisk" N " 64/5 I r a n g 256 - 259.
Ban d p e hay tiT chi^ng minh xem sao?
Tac6:p<2R + r (1) Bai 5. (Bat dang IhiJc O.Bottema)
A B C ^„ . A . B . C
<=> 4Rcos—cos—cos— < 2R + 4Rsin—sm —sm — Chiirng minh rang neu ABC la tam giac khong n h p n , ta co:
2 2 2" 2 2 2
p>(3 + 2N/2)r.
. A B C ^ . A . B . C^,
o 2cos—cos—cos 2sm —sm—sm — < 1 Giai
B+ C B-Cl . A B-C B + Cl Theo bai 4 (baft dang thii'c J.T.Groenman) co:
o cos- 2 cos 2 21-cos 2 2 2 cos- -cos- <1 la
— sm — 2
2 ab + be + c a < 2(4N/2-5)P'.
A . A A B - C . A B - C + sm- — < 1 Do ab + be + ea = p ' + r + 4Rr (bai loan phu trP), ta co:
2 2 ~
o c o s — s m — h cos—cos sm—cos p' + r- + 4Rr < 2 ( 4 ^ 2 - 5 ) p ^ ^
A . A A B-C . A B-C 2A
2 2 2 2 2 + 4Rr < ( 8 ^ 2 - l l ) p ^
:^:>r-
o cos—sm — + COS—cos sm — c o s — cos — < 0
A f . A A ' B - C [ . A :î>p->—pi (4Rr + r-) Ail
cos 2— s m 2— - c o s2— — COS2 2 — - COS
sm 2 — <0 2
2I 2 2. 2 I 2 2) 8V2 - 1 1
i • A Al ( A B - C <0. (2) . 8N/2+11/ 2^
sm —- cos cos cos- ^>p^> (4Rr + r 2 j . (1)
I 2 2 Jl 2 Theo bai 1 (bat dang thiJc Emmerich) ihi R > ( > / 2 + l ) r , vay lir(l) co:
TT A T; . A A . A A 2^872+11
4rH^ + \) + r'
- < — < - => sm— > cos—
4~ 2 2 2" 2 >m CO
1
7
2 A B-C <0.
2
cos COS
, . , |B-C| A A ^ B-C
,0 2 2 => p - > ( l 7 + 12>/2)r2 p - > ( 3 + 2V2) r^
Lai CO
Dau bang xay ra o < — < — A =»= 90'
C O S — < cos
<=> ABC la tarn giac vuong can. =>p>-(3 + 2V2)r. >r':\.. . • .J^;
2 2 2B = C 2 2 D(') la dpcm. • '" .
Hoi dMiiS sum at^l LUpna St^c - man imjnaini
Nhdn xet: X e t tarn giac deu A B C canh a, ta c6: 2 A 2B, 2B 2C, 2C 2A 7 + 4N/2
5. cos —cos hcos — cos f-cos — cos — < ^ ^ ^ ^
_3a. 8
(3 + 2 j 2 ) r = _ _ _ .
Co the thay - < ^ ( v i c ^ 9 < 3>/3+2N/6 ) 17. R + r > V 2 S .
2 6
18. S < R r ( V 2 + l ) .
i z > p < {3 + 2^)r.
Vay gia thiet A B C la tam giac khong ohon la thiTc sir can thiet. 19. h , + h b + h , < R ( l + 2^/2).
B a i 6. Cho A B C la tam giac khong nhon. ChiJng minh cac ba't dang thiJc sau: 20. h . h h h , < 2 r 2 R ( l + V 2 f .
:"!
1. sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < ^ *. 21. h , h h + h | , h , + h , . h , < 2 R r ( l + N/2)^
2 ..<: f,'
22. r(4>/2 + 5 ) < r, + + r, < R(3 + ^ 2 ) .

2. (sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + ,smA) < — ( l + ^l2)~. "'
23. hh+h^,+rj,<RH\ 42f.
1
3. >2{^ + l). 24. r.rb + r h r . + r . r , < R 2 ( | + V 2 ) ' .
sinAsinB sinBsinC sinCsinA
;• (ra + lb )('-b + fc )(rc + r j < 4 R ' ( l + ^ / 2 ) ' .
4. cosAcosB + cosBcosC + cosCcosA < ^ .
Giai
3. (cotA + cotB)(colB + cotC)(cotC + cotA) > 2. 1. X e t bat dang thtfc:
9 / ? -I- 1
6. tan — + tan — + t a n — > 2 x / 2 - 1 .
2 2 2 " sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA < (1)
2
1 A
7. tan" — + t a n " — 4- tan^ — > 7 --4V2 .
Theo bai loan phu Ird, thl
2 2 2 ~ + 4 R r + r^
fA ( B C] f c A
>4(V2-l). sinAsinB + sinBsinC + sinCsinA <
(2)
8. Ian — + tan — t a n — h t a n — tan — + tan — 4R^
I 2 2 jI
2 2 2 2j Tir ( 2 ) suy ra
B C
9. cot — + cot — + cot — < — ( V 2 + 1 ) . p^ + 4 R r + r- 2^2+1
2 2 2~ r ( D o
4R'
A B B C C A , R
2 / \
10. 4V2 + 5 < cot — cot — +
" 2
h cot — cot — < — (3 + V 2 ) .
h cot—col — +
2 9 2
9 2
9 2 9 2 " r 1 £ r 1 r 2V2 + 1
<=> —
+ + 4- < (3)
4 R R R,
[ A Al
11. cot — + cot — cot — + cot — col — -h c o l — (i + V^). V i A B C la tam giac khong nhon nen
2 2 _[ 2 2 jI 2 2
A B B C C A
col + col col + cot col + cot
2 2 > 4v'2 + 2.
12. •+-
c A B
col col col
,0 . . A , . 2 B , . 2C ^ 3-V2 Do do WTi3)<U^ + lf+{^-l) + U^-lf hay V T (3) < + '

13. sm hsin — h s m — > . 4 4 2
2 2 2" 2 Vay (3) dung dpcm.
14. — ( 5 + 4V2) < cos- — + cos" - + cos'^ — < Dau bang x a y ra o A B C la tam giac vuong can.
2R 2 2 2~ 2
BSi dulling hpc sinh giol VUîkd glAH - man nuyTOtar Cty Tram mv P VVn Khang Vlft
2. X e t b a l d^ng ihurc: W
• Vay(l)c=>—>]
(sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + s i n A ) < ^ ( l + V 2 f . „ (1)
2 R R ^ , .'in;
<=> —.— > 1 (2)
Thco bai loan phu Ird, i h i
P r
p{p^ + r ' + 2 R r ) R . n: . . R
(sinA + sinB)(sinB + sinC)(sinC + sinA) = —^ . _ j-^}; (2) Do — > \/2 - 1 va — > x/2 + 1, vay (2) dung => dpcm.
P r .'.•> •-»• —•
Tir (2) suy ra iS'u bang xay ra A B C la lam giac vuong can.
e l ba'l diing ihiJc
4R^ 2 A B C
->
an — + lan — + l a n — > 2 V ^ - I . (1)
2 2 2 ~
' 1 r 1 P_ r
« 14 P. + - < ^ ( l + V^f. (3) Thco bai loan phu irO, i h i
R R R 2 R, R 2
A B C 4R + r
T i f do ta c6: lan 1- Ian — h lan — > .
2 2 2~ p
VT(3)<i(7? + l)•Vi(V^ + l ) ( 7 ^ - l f + - ( ^ / ^ + l)(V^-l) '
4 4 2 Vay ( 1 ) » lMl>2V2-l
h , y V T , 3 , . ^ = | ( l + 7if.
^2R^(2R + r ) ^ ^ ^ _ ^ _ (2)
Va> (3) diing => dpcm. Dau bang xay ra o
3. X c l ba'l dang ihiJc:
A B C la lam giac vuong can
I Taco: — > ^ i — = 2 ( V 2 - l ) . (3)
P N/2-1
• ' ' >2(V2 + l ) . (1)
sin A sin B sin B sin C sin C sin A Dau bang trong (3) xay ra o A B C la lam giac vuong can.
Thco bai loan phu i r d , i h i
Thco ircn lai c6 2R + r > p, ttfc " > 1, (4)
P
sinAsinB sinBsinC sinCsinA r
Da'u bang irong (4) xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac vuong can
Do vay (1) o 2—>l{42 + \) Tu- (3) (3) suy ra (2) dung => dpcm
r
Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac vuong can.
o->42+\ (2) ^- Suy l i f bai 6 v d i nhan x c l :
r
Thco ba'l dang ihiJc Emmerich ihi (2) diing dpcm. » 2 A 2 B 0 C A B Cl
tan — h lan — + tan" — = lan — + l a n — + tan — -2.
Da'u bang xay ra <=> A B C la lam giac vuong can. 2 2 2 2 2 2
4. Chiang minh Wcfng liT. ^- X c l bai dang ihiJc
5. X c l ba'l dang ihuTc A f c

tan — + lan — l a n — h t a n — tan — + tan — > 4 ( > ^ - l ) (1)
(colA + colB)(colB + colC)(colC + cot A ) > 2 (1) 2 2 J1 2 2 Ji 2 2 j
Thco bai loan phu Ird, i h i Thco bai loan phu Irct, Ihi
2R^ , A B] f B f C A) 4R
(colA + colB)(colB + colC)(colC + colA) = tan — + tan — tan — + tan — l a n — h lan —
I 2 2 I 2 2J I 2 2j
Pr
B3I duaan ma âi Uijtu^ guic - rban nuyToisr Cty Timtl MTV own Kbang Vlft
Dau bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac vuong can.

Vay (1) o —> 72-1.
P 1 1 - 1 3 . Chifng minh hoan toan tUdng tiT.
Theo tren t h i (2) dung => dpcm. 14. X e t bat dang thiJc kep
Dau b^ng xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac vuong can. 1
+ < cos' A + cos^ ^ + CO.S^ ^ < . ' (1)
9. X e t bat dang thuTc 2R 2 2 2~ 2 ^ '
Theo bai loan phu trd, thi ' ' ']
cotA + c o t - + c o t ^ < - ( ^ / 2 + l). (1)
2 2 2 r 2A , 2B , 2C^4R +r
co.s — I - COS — + cos — < •
A B C p 2 2 2 - 2R
Theo b i i loan phu trd, thi cot — + cot — + cot — = -
' • / ^ . / - \ 4 R + r ^ 3 + R2
Do do ( 1 ) 0 — ( , 5 + 4 V 2 j < <—'
V i t h e ' ( l ) o • ^ < - ( V 2 + l) 2R ~ 2R - 2
r r
o r ( 5 + 4 > / 2 ) < 4 R + r < ( 3 + N/2)R.
o P < 7 2 + 1. (2)
V i 4 R + r < (3 + N / 2 ) R « r < R ( V 2 - l ) .
R ~
Theo cac b a i trcn thi (2) dung => dpcm. V i 4 R + r > (5 + 4 V 2 ) R < » R > r ( N / 2 + l ) .
Dau b^ng xay ra « A B C la tam giac vuong can. V i the theo bat dang thtJc Emmerich thi suy ra dpcm.
10. X e t b a t d a n g t h i i f c flp. Da'u bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac vuong can
r- A B B C C A ^ R c - . / r N 15 - 16. Chu-ng minh lu-dng tu".
4 V 2 + 5 < C O t Y C O t Y + COt — c o t — + COt —COty < y l 3 + N/2j (1)
17. X e t bat dang thufc
Theo bai toan phu IrcJ, thi R = r>V2S (1)
A B B C C A 4 R +r Theo cac bai tren ta c6 2R + r > p
cot — cot — h c o t — c o t — h cot—cot — =
2 2 2 2 2 2 r => 4Rr + 2r^ > 2S (2) '
r 4 R + r ^ R ( 3 + N/2) Da'u bang trong (2) xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac vuong can *
yithe(l)o 4V2+5< <
Theo cac bai tren lai c6 R > (N/2 + l ) r • •*-
4R + r
Taco: 4 ^ 2 + 5 < <=> R - r > >/2r
1
O R ' - 2Rr + r- > 2r^
o 4 7 2 + 4 < 4 - o ( R + r)^>2r^ + 4Rr. (3)
o>/2 + I < - . (3) • D a u bang trong (3) xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac vuong can.
Theo bat dang thiJc Emmerich thi (3) dung f Tuf (2) (3) di den (R + r) > 2S hay R + r > V2S
Do la dpcm. D a u b3ng xay ra o A B C Ik tam giac vuong can.
T -.v,- 4R + r ^ R ( 3 + V2)
L a i thay < 18. Ta co:
r r S<Rr(/2+l) (1)
o 4R + r < 3R + V2R
Opr<Rr(V2+l)
o r < R(V2-I)
Op<R(V2+l) (2)
CO ( V 2 + l ) r < R . (4) Theo ciic bai tren thi (2) dung => dpcm
B6I dudng hyc sitdi glol Lupng gidc - Fhan Huy Khal
GAm^^j^ VAI UNC DUNG C O A LlTdNC GIAC
19. X e t bat dang thuTc
h , + hh + h , < R ( I + 2 V 2 ) (1)
•F1
TRONG VIEC GIAI CAC BAI TO AN SCl CAP
p2 +4Rr Trong chi/dng nay chung toi trinh bay mot so' ufng dung ciia lifdng giac trong
Theo b a i loan phu t r d , i h i + ht, + h^. =
2R viec giiii cac bai loan sd ca'p thuoc cac ITnh viTc khac - ng^di ta thu'dng goi la
phu'dng phap li/dng giac hoa do giai cac bai toan nay.
VWay(l)oP^±^tl^<R(l+2V^)
1 - 1 r § 1. P H U O N G P H A P L U O N G G I A C H 6 A T R O N G C A C B A I
+ 2 - < l + 2V2 . (1)
2
-1—
2 R R ^ JTOAN B A T D A N G THlTC V A T I M G I A T R I L 6 N N H A T , N H O
Theo cac bai i r c n t h i NHAT C U A H A M S O
Lu"(<ng giac hoa la mot trong nhUng phu'dng phap hay stir dung de chtfng minh
VT(1) A B C la tarn giac vuong can. Biing phu'dng phap ddi bie'n krdng giac ta du'a b i c u thu'c va d i c u k i c n ciia bai
2 0 - 2 1 . Churng minh lifdng tiT. loan ve dang lu'dng giac. T i f do du'a vao phep tinh lu'dng giac ta se de dang
22. X e t bat dang thiJc k e p h(tn trong vice giai bai toan da cho.
ai 1. T i m gia t r i Idn nha't va nho nhat cua ham so:
r ( 4 > / 2 + 5 ) < r „ + r h + r,. < R ( 3 + V2) (1)
Theo bai loan phu I r d , ta c6: + + r^. = 4R + r l-(x)=-^ + ^ ^ ' + - ^ \ d i x e M .
V a y ( l ) c ^ r ( 4 V 2 + 5 ) < 4 R + r < R ( 3 + N/2) (l + x ^ ) '

Giai
T a c o : 4R + r < R ( 3 + V2)
IT IT
or<R(>/2-l) (2) Dat X = tancp. K h i x € R, i h i ^ € . K h i do ta c6:
2
T a c o : r(4>y2 + 5) < 4R + r
«r(V2+l<R) (3)
(i + x ' T ( l + tan^;p)
Theo bat dang thuTc Ennmerich thi (2) (3) diing => (1) dung => dpcm.
Dau bang xay ra o A B C la tarn giac vuong can. = 3cos''{p + 4sin^{pcos'{p + 3sin'*(p = 3 1 .sin 2u3 sin 2q)
1 ^
2 3 - 25. Churng minh tiTdng
= 3--sin'2
V
X e t h a m so' F((p) = 3 - —sin' 2^ , v d i - — < ij3 < —.

^ 2 2 2 'i^hn-jii ,OLi^
Ta c6: m i n F{^) ^ ^ ~ ^ ~ ^ 2ip = 1, '.
max F ( ^ ) = 3 - 0 = 3 sin" 2^ = 0.
Vay min r(x) = m i n FC^;) — — <=> x = 0,

i.i<; 2
max f ( x ) = max F(ip) = 3 X = + 1.
TCf (2) suy ra 
T i m gia tri Idn nha't va nho nha't cua bicu ihuTc P = 4 sin 23 = 0 4 ^ y = 0
x'+4y' ^ = 0
Giai sin2(v = 0 x = 0
Xet hai kha nang sau: min P = a = ()
4 sin 23 = 1 y = I
x^.-x^
1. Neu y = 0, k h i do x ?^ 0. Liic nay P = — = 0 Vx ;^ 0, y = 0
^=4 trcn nhuf sau:
Chiiy: X c l each giiii "phi lU'dng giae" eiia bai toan
X y
X Ta c6: P = - (1)
-2
i2yj i2y (1 + x r (1 + yr
2. Neu y ;^ 0, k h i do P =
X Ta thay (1 + x)' > 4x. Do x > 0 ncn (1 + x)^ > 0
+ 1
i2y (1 + x)
v 1
I
TT IT Mat khac v i y > 0 nen ^ — - > 0. TiT (1) suy ra P < - .
Dat — = tan tp, v d i € . K h i do ta c6:
• 2y 2'2j (1 + yr 4
p _ lan^ - (tan if - if Lap luan tufdng tu" c6: maxP = - va minP = - —.

= cosîf(4tanif-4) 4 4 4
l + tan-f
Bai 4. Cho x, y lii hai so' thiTc sao cho x ' + y ' = 1.
1^
= 2 s i n 2 f - 2 c o s 2 ^ - 2 = 2N/2sin 2^ + - - 2 2(x2 +6xy)
4 T i m gia I n Idn nhat va nho nhat cua bieu thuTc P =
l + 2 x y + 2y^
Tir do suy ra max P = 2^f2 - 2
Giai
minP = - 2 V 2 - 2
Do x ' + y ' = 1, dat x = sin(p, y = cos(p vdi cp e [0; 27i|.
Ket hdp v d i triTdng hdp 1, suy ra max P = 2^2 - 2 va m i n P = - 2 N / 2 - 2
2sin f + 12sinipcosf) 1-cos2ip + 6sin2tp
Bai 3. Cho x > 0, y > 0. T i m gia trj Kin nhat va nho nhat cua bieu IhiJc Khi do P =
1 + 2 sin 4; cos 43 + 2 cos^ sin 24D + cos 2ip + 2
(x-y)(l-xy)
Goi m la gia tri liiy y ciia P. K h i do phUdng trinh sau day (an cp)
(l + x ) ' ( l + y f • 1 — cos2fi + 6sin2if
(1) C O nghiem
f
= m
Giai ;sin2f) + cos24: + 2
x y De tha'y (1) c:>(6 - m)sin2(p - (1 + m)cos2(p = 2m - 1
Dc thay P = (1) (2)
(1 + x ) ' (1 + y ) ' De (2) C O nghiem dieu kien can va du la (6 - m ) ' + (1 - m ) ' > (2m - 1)^
o 2m- - 3m - 9 < 0 <=> - 6 < m < 3
V I X > 0, y > 0, ncn dat x = lan'cp; y = tan^y v d i 0 < (p < - ; 0 < y < - • K h i do
Tif do suy ra maxP - 3 va minP = - 6 .
Bai 5 . T i m gia trj Idn nhat va nho nhat cua ham so'
P = '^""'^ , l i i i l ! l _ = tan^fcos%-tanScosS
(l + l a n ' ^ ) ' ( l + tan--t) r(x) = X + V4 - x^ vdi - 2 < X < 2. >''.,,
Giai
= —sm 2-f sm 2^ (2)
4 4 Do - 2 < X < 2, ncn dat x = 2sin(p v d i — ^ < f < ^
Giai
T a c 6 : X + ^ 4 — x^ = 2sincp + ^ 4 ( l - s i n ^ cp) = 2sin(p + 2c()S(p = 2N/2 cos
4, D o x > 0, y > 0 v a X + y = I , n c n dat x = sin'cp, y = cos'cp vc'Ji 0 < cp < —
2
( d o coscp > 0 khi < (p < ^ ) 1 1
Ta co: P = • 6 - +•
71 sm-cp + c o s % sin-cpcos^cp i _ ^ sin^ 2cp ^ s i n ^ 2cp ' ' " ^ '
^ , 37t 71 Tt 71
Taco: <(p — < — < cos <1
• 4 ^ 4 4 2
4 4
71
- 2 < 2^/2cos c p - - <2V2 4 - 3 s i n " 2cp s i n " 2cp
^^^^ '}' ii :
D a t t = sin-2cp. D o 0 < cp < - i=> 0 < l < 1
Vay max r(x) = 2%/2 <=> CO = — o X = xy2 , 371
ix|<2 4
4 v'.u^ ".v.^ 4 ^ H(2-l) K(-3t^ + 1 2 t - 8 ) .i
A c t h a m so i { t ) = + —= r- =5 r ' ( t ) -
m i n r ( x ) = ~2 <=>(p o x = -2 . (4t-3t^) •
4-3t I 4t-3t
B a i 6. C h o x > 0, y > 0 v a x + y = 1. TCr dc) la CC) b a n g b i c n i h i c n :

V X V
t (J 6-V12 1 6 + ^12
T i m gia t r i n h o n h a t cua b i c u thiirc P = , + 3 3
Td) 1 0 + 1- 0
Giai
1 i
I
lU)
D o X > 0 , y > 0 v a x + y = 1, d a t x = sin'cp, y = cos'cp v d i 0 < cp < — . 6 - VI2
V a y m i n P = m i n 1(1) = 1' = 4 + 2V3.
()--t<i
sin"cp cos"(p sin^ cp + cos'^ cp _ ( s i n c p + c o s ( p ) ( l - s i n c p c o s c p )
Ta c6; P = B a i 8. C h o x , y , /. e |(), 11. T i n i g i a t r i Iclfn n h a t ciia b i c u thii'c
coscp smcp smcpcoscp smcpcoscp
P = 7xyz + V^l-x)(l" y)(l-/).
• I. • ! i ,
D a t t = sincp + coscp = %/2 cos cp - — thi d c thay \ \/2 Giai
D o X , y , /. e |(), 11 n c n d a t x - s i n ' A , y = s i n ' B , /. = s i n ' C
31-t- ,
va P = K h i dc) P = s i n A s i n B s i n C + c o s A c o s B c o s C (1)
T a CC): c o s A c o s B c o s C < c o s A c o s B (2)
-t^-3 '/, = 0
D o r'(t) = n c n cc) b i i n g b i c n i h i c n sau:
(t^-i)' D a u b i i n g t r o n g ( 2 ) x a y ra <=> x =l (*)
cos A COS B -0
I 1 Tu'cing l i r s i n A s i n B s i n C < s i n A s i n B (3)

f'Ct) i i z =i
1(0 i — —
1 D a u b i i n g t r o n g ( 3 ) x i i y ra C4>
s i n A s i n B = ()
c::> X =0
y = ()
VayminP= min - r(V2) = V2 .
l<l<^/2 T i r d ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) CC): P < c o s ( A - B ) (4)
B a i 7. C h o x > 0, y > 0 va x + y = 1.
l D a u b a n g t r o n g ( 4 ) X i i y ra o d o n g lhcP< 1 (5)
T i m gia t r i n h o n h a t c i i a b i c u ihiJc P = — r - ! — - + — Dii'u b i i n g t r o n g ( 5 ) x i i y ra o A = B Vii dcing thcJi ihcni m i l n (*) v a (**) ,\ ,
x- + y xy
<=> X = y v i i dcing Ihcli thcki n i i i n (*) v i i ( * * )
457
Vai 11.C h o X, y , z > 0 vii x y + y / + zx = 1
"/. = 0; X =y =0
(6)
X = y = /. = 1 T i m g i a t r i n h o n h a t c i i a b i c u thiJc P =
1-x^ l-y2 l-z^
V a y m a x P = 1 <=> x , y , / t h o a m a n ( 6 )
1 1 1 ,
B a i 9. C h o x , y , /. > 0 v a + j + r =• Do X > 0, y > 0 , z > 0 v a x y + y z + z x = 1
1+ X 1 +y 1 +z
^ A B C
T i m g i a I r j n h o n h a l c u a b i c u ihuTc P = x y / . D a t X = t a n y , y = t a n ^ , z = t a n — v6i A , B , C G
2
Giai
A B B C C A
Tu" t a n — t a n — + tan — t a n — + tan — t a n — = 1 = > A + B + C = 7i
2 2 2 2 2 2
D a l X ' = l a n a , y " - l a n p , z ' = tany vc'î a , (3, y e V 2J
2x 2y 2z
De t h a y P = ^ = - ( t a n A + tanB + tanC) (1)
^ . ^ — j - + — ! — J - - 1 <=> c o s ' a + c o s ' P + c o s ' y = 1 (1) u - x - ^ - y 2 ^ - z 2
Tit d o
1 + x^ 1 + y^ I+ z
71
T i r ( 1 ) siiy ra s i n ' a = c o s ' p = cos'y. V i i h c D o A . B, C e ();- t a n A > 0, t a n B > 0, tanC > 0 va thco b a t d 3 n g ihtfc
V 2
sin^ a > 2 ^ / c o s ^ c o s " y
C o s i , ta c 6 : l a n A + t a n B + tan C > 3N/tan A tan B t a n C
s i n " p > 2-^cos~ y c o s ^ a C h u y la d o A + B + C = TT =:> l a n A l a n B t a n C = l a n A + t a n B + t a n C

=> ( t a n A + t n a B + t a n C ) ' > 2 7 ( l a n A + l a n B + t a n C )
sin" Y > Ii/cos" a c o s " p
I => l a n A + t a n B + t a n C > 3 ^ 3
=> s i n " a s i n " P c o s " y > H c o s ' a c o s ' P c o s ' y
=> l a n " a t a n " P l a n " y > 8 i V a y t i r ( l ) suy ra m i n P = ^ , o A = B= C = - o x = y = z= —
=> x ' y V > 8^ P = xyz > ^

I 2 3 3
Chiiy: X c t e a c h g i a i " p h i lu'dng g i a c " b a i l o a n t r c n n h u ' s a u :
Vay minP = ^ < ^ x = y = z = ^ J D o 0 < x < 1 => 1 - X - > 0 . T h c o ba't d a n g thiJc C o s i , ta c 6 :
B a i 10. C h o x , y , z > o v a x + y + z = x y z .
^^'"^^-\'^"^'^^'^^2x^(l-x^)(l-x^)^-i,,:(,_,^)(,_,2)
•I X
T i m g i a I n Mn nha'l c i i a b i c u ihiJc P = 27
Vl + x - Jl + y " Vl + z^ 2 ^ 2-\3 7
=> — ; = > x i l - x ^ j — ^ x "<
Giai l-x^
3V3 2
D o X > 0 , y > 0 , z > 0 v a — + — + — = 1, n c n d a l x = c o l A , y = c o l B , z = c o l C , y . 3N/3
xy yz zx - va
TucJng t i f ta c u n g c 6 —2^ y' " < •\-f 2 \ - r
vciti A , B , C e \r d o k e t h d p vcî x " + y " + z ' > x y + y z + z x = 1 / *"

V 2J
x y z 3^3 . ,^ 3 ^ 3
suy ra - + ^ + r-> :^minP =^ ^ . i
Ta c6: colAcolB + colBcotC + colCcolA = l c : > A + B + C = ^ 1-x" 1-y^ 1-z^ 2 2
" a i 12. C h o X " + y ' = 1. T i m g i a t r i k'Jn n h a t va n h o n h a t c i i a b i c u thiJc
Khi do: P = ' ^ ' r= sinA + sinB + sinC 16(x- + y ' ) - 2()(x- + y ' ) + 5 ( x + y ) .
Vl + cotÂ V l + col^B x/l + c o l ' C
Giai !
^ , sinA + sinB + sinC . A + B+ C 1
D o x " + y ' = 1 => d a t x = sincp, y = coscp vc'li (p e [ 0 ; 271] ' '''
Ta co: <sin
3 3 2 Ta c 6 : s i n 5 a = s i n 3 a c o s 2 a + s i n 2 a c o s 3 a
V a y m a x P = — <=>A = B = C = — c : > x = y = z = N / 3 . = (3sin(x - 4 s i n ' a ) ( 1 - 2 s i n ' a ) + 2 s i n a c o s a ( 4 c o s V - 3cosa)

2 6 = ( 3 s i n a - 4sinâ)( 1 - 2sin"a) + 2sina( 1 - sin"a)(3 - 4sin'a)
Cty TISHHnrvDVVHKhang Vlft
= 16sin'*a - 2 ( ) s i n ' a + 5 s i n a
L a p l u a n li/dng lU", c 6 : c o s 5 a = I G c o s ' a - 2 ( ) c o s a + 5 c o s a 2 y 1 9 y 1 1
= — => tan — = — c = > z =
r f V i l + t a n ^ 2^ =
cos
2 7
^
8 2 2V2 2^-
V a y P = s i n S a + c o s 5 a = >/2cos|^5a - —
T i f d o suy ra m a x P - \/2, m i n P = -\l2 Tif a = P suy ra t a n ^ — + 2 t a n — tan — - 1 = 0 => t a n — =

2 2 2 2
-X=7 2...
';^
•
B a i 1 3 . C h o ba so diTdng x, y , / t h o a m a n h e ihu-c x y z + x + / = y .
2 2 3 X = -\= va y = \/2 .
T i m g i a t r i Mn n h a t ci'ia b i c u iMc P = —^ r + — .
_x^ + l y^ + 1 7,^+1
1
Giai i Vay maxP = — <=> x = y = N/2, Z = • .- .
X / 3 V2 2^2
Tuf xy/. + X + /, = y c : > xy + — + — = 1 (1) B a i 14.
y y
a 1 B y I. Cho X, y , z > 0 v a x y + y z + zx = I .
D o X , y , /. > 0 n c n d a l x = tan — ; - = I a n - ; / = I a n - vcli a, p, y
2 y 2 2 V 2J T i m g i a t r i I d n n h a t c i i a b i c u thiJc P =
oc y y B B y
Vi + x' Jl + y^ Vl + z^
T L f ( I ) c 6 : tan — l a n - + l a n - t a n - + t a n - t a n - = 1 a + |3 + y = n 2. C h o X, y, z > 0 va x + y + z = xyz
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 a 1 X- z^
Ta c6: 1 + x" = 1 + t a n " — = T i m g i i i t r i I d n n h a t c i i a b i c u thiJc P = +
2 2 a 1 1 + y i+ z"
cos + X
Giai
1 1
T i f d n g liT: 1 + y " = A B C ' ( ;
;,Dat X = t a n — , y = t a n — , z = t a n — => A , B , C e 0; -
cos cos 2 2 2 I :
1 1
A B B C C A , , „ ^
1& d o t a n — t a n — + t a n — t a n — + t a n — t a n — = 1 = > A + B + C = H .
V a y P = 2 c o s ' - - 2 c o s ' ^ + 3cos^ ^ = 1 + c o s a - (1 - c o s p ) + 3 c o s " - 2 2 2 2 2 2
•^ 2 2 2 2
B C
a +p a-P _ -.y tan tan tan-
= 2 cos ^cos ^ + 3cos-- Ta co: P = 2
2 2 2 B
1 + tan i+ tan' 1 + tan""
2
= - 3 s m - + 2sin-cos ^ + 3 =3 - 3 sm sm-cos
2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 . A . B . C 3
= sin — + s i n — + s i n — < —
. y 1 g-py 1 2 «-P 2 2 2 2
= 3 - 3 sin cos —cos
j ( t h e o b a t d a n g thtfc l i f r t n g g i a c c d b a n t r o n g t a r n g i a c )
2 3 9 2
71
, 1 . t t - p J . y \P f'Ay m a x P = : - c : > A = B = C = -
= 3 +-cos 3 sin cos 2 "33
3 2 V 2 3 2
<=> X = y = z =
s
TiY do suy ra P < H)
3 - h u y r a n g ta co the g i a i b a n g e a c h k h a c sau d a y :
cos-a - P = 1 X X X
2 l a eo:
3 • 7 1 Vi + x' 7xy + yz + /X + x^ V(x + y ) ( x + z) vx+y vx+z
sin- = -
2 3 x X
iieo b a t d a n g IhiJc C o s i , ta c o :
460
X + y + X + z
Cty Tiyrill MTV DVVH Khang Vt^t
B6I du6ng hyc sinh glol Lupng gidc - Fhan Huy Khal
V i the' luon ton l a i hai so'ai, a, (i sao cho

T i r do b a n g lap luan li/rfng tiT suy ra:
3 0 < tti- a. < (1)
2 2 A) 12
x + y x + z y + /. y + x z + x z + y
1 - cos
maxP = — c i . x = y = z = l. ^ 7t
Do t a n — = I " = 2 - V3, n c n tir (1) c 6 : 0 < lan(ai - a,) < t a n ^
12 1
9 y- + COS
2. G i a i lufdng t y nhiT p h a n 1/ va c 6 : m a x P = - <=> x = y = / = \/3 . '
lantt: - t a n t t : ^
B a i 15. Chijrng m i n h r a n g v d i m o i so ihiTc a, b, c la c 6 : :2-N/3
()<
— ^<2-^y3 ()<
l + b,b,
|a-c| ^ |a-b| ^ |b-c| 1 + lanttj l a n a j
V l + a ^ V l + c- ~ V l + a - V l + b ' s/l + b^ V l + c^
Giai ()< 2 - x/3 ^ 0 < < 2 - 73 =^ d p c m .
D a t a = l a n a , b - l a n p , c - tany. K h i do diTa ba't d a n g ihiJc c a n chu'ng m i n h vc
1 + 1 +
1V, n 1 + aj +aj +2aja|
1+
d a n g l i f d n g di/Ong sau:
tan a - l a n y tan a - t a n (3 Ian p - t a n y
a i 17. C h o a,, a2,... -An la 13 so thifc d o i m o t k h a c n h a u . C h i J n g m i n h t o n t a i h a i
Vl + tanâ^/l + tan-y Vl + tan^ a ^ l + lan^ P 7'+1^"" + ^^"^ Y a; - a :
so a„ ai ( i ?t j ) sao c h o 0 < — < 2 - N/3 .
<=> s i n ( a - y ) < | s i n ( a - p ) + s i n ( p - y ) . (1) l + aiaj
Taco: |sin(a-y)|= s i n ( a - P ) + sin(p-y) Giai
= sin(a - p ) c o s ( p - y ) + s i n ( p - y ) c o s ( a - p ) K h o n g g i a m l o n g q u a l c 6 the c h o la ai < a2 < ... < ai2 < ai.,
< sin(a -p)|. c o s ( p - y ) + s i n ( P - y ) . c o s ( a - P ) D a t ai = t a n a i , k h i d o - - < a : < - v d i i 1,13.

2 ' 2
< sin(a-p) + sin(p-y)
TiYgia t h i e t c o : - • ^ < « i <-<o.^s <-^<a|+7i.
V a y ( 1 ) d u n g =:> d p c m .
a-p a = b X c t d o a n [a,, ai + n\6 d o d a i TI. D o a n n a y dUdc c h i a i h i i n h 13 d o a n n h o
D o l h a y d i i u b a n g x a y ra <=>
b = c' b a n g cac d i e m c h h i a a2, a,,... ai3.
B a i 16. C h o b o n so d u r i n g a,, a:, a,, a4. Chu'ng m i n h r a n g I r o n g b o n so a'y bao

gi{:f c u n g c h o n du'dc h a i so ai, a, ( i ?t j ) sao c h o : V a y t o n t a i it nha't m o l d o a n c6 d o d a i < - j ^ . C h i c6 h a i k h a n a n g sau x a y r a :
a^-aj
0<- •<2-V3 . N e u 0 < a^. I - ai < ^ v d i 1 0 < ^ — ^ <2-S . L u c n a y c h o n aj = a; + 1.
l + ai^.a;
D o a i > ( ) = > b , > 1 Vi = 1,4.
7t 7t
Ncu 0 < (a: + 71) - ttii < ^ U < tan (a, + 7t)-a|3 < t a n — < Ian —
D a l bi = t a n a i •=> ^ < ttj < ( i = l,4) 13 12
4
71 _o 0 < hZhl. < 2 - 73 => d o la d p c m .
Trong khoang CO b o n so' a i , a2, a . i , a 4 . l + a|a|3
v4'2/
B a i 18. Cho a > 0, b > 0, c > 0. Chu-ng minh Giai
X c l hai kha n a n g sau:
Va^ - a b + b^ + %/b^ - be + c" > 7a" + ac + .
Ne'u x y z = 0 => i l nhat 1 Irong ba so' x, y, z bang 0. x
Giai
Gia .surx = ( ) = > y + /. = ( ) ( h a y y = - / . ) " * ""
D a l O A = a; O B = b; OC = c; A O B = BOC = 60"; A O C = 120"
Luc nay V P = 0, c o n V T = y ( l - z') + z( 1 - y^) = 0 (do y = - 3 ) '( " '
Thco djnh l i ham so cosin la c6:
=> dang ihiirc c a n chufng minh la diing. • *
A B - = a' + b ' - 2abcos60" = a^ + b ' - ab
N e u x y z ^ 0. K h i do dang IhiJc c a n chuTng minh co dang iu"cfng du'dng s a u :
BC' = + b ' - 2cbcos6()" = b ' + - be .
y^-lz^-l z^-lx^-1 x^-Iy^-1 ,
AC^ = a' + e' - 2aeeos i 20" = a' + e" - ae.
+ + = 1. (1)
V i A B + BC > A C ncn suy ra dpem. 2y 2z 2z 2x 2x 2y ^ '
Dau bang xay ra o A , B, C lhang hang. D a l X = l a n a ; y = lanP; z = lany.
Kc B E / / O A Tijr giii thict suy ra tana + lanP + lany = lanatanplany
=> B O E la lam giae dcu eanh b. > a + P + y = k7i, k e Z
Thco dinh l i T a l c l eo: => 2a + 2p + 2y = 2k7t, k e Z
BE CE (2)
Ta co: V T (1) = cot2aeot2p + col2Pcot2y + cot2ycol2a
OA " C O
Do 2 a + 2p + 2y = 2k7i suy ra
b c-b 1 1 1
col2acot2p + col2pcot2y + cot2ycot2a = 1 => dpem.
a c b a e
i 3. Cho xy + yz + zx = 1.
ChiJug minh: x + y + z - 3xyz = x(y^ + /?) + y(z^ + x ' ) + z(x^ + y^).
Giai
§ 2. P H U O N G P H A P L U O I N G GlAc H6ATRONG cAc BAI
D a i X = t a n a , y = lanp, z = lany.
T O A N C H I J N G WINH D A N G THlTC K h i do iCr gicl thict ta eo: tanatanP + lanptany + tanytana = 1
N h i c u bai loan ehiing minh cac dang ihiJc nhci siir dung nhicu phu'dng phap
.a + p + y= - + k7i, keZ (1)
lu'dng giae hoa ma co l(Ji giiii ddn gian di ra'l nhicu.
B a i 1. Cho a, b, e la cac .so ihifc sao cho (ab + 1 )(bc + l)(ca + 1) 0. T i r ( I ) co: 2 a + 2p + 2y = 71 + k 2 7 i => sin(2a + 2p + 2y) = 0
a-b b-e c-a a - b b - c c - a => sin(2a + 2P)cos2y + sin2yeos(2a + 2p) = 0
Chijfng minh:
1 + ab 1 + be 1 + ca 1 + ab 1 + be 1 + ca => sin2acos2Pcos2y + sin2Pcos2acos2y + sin2ycos2acos2p
Giai
>, - sin2ysin2asin2p = 0. (2)
D a l a = l a n a , b = lanp, c = lany. K h i do
R6 rang cosacosPcosy * 0 (do ton tai tana, tanp, tany)
yj_ l a n a - l a n p ^ lanp-tany lany-lana
Vay lir ( 2 ) suy ra (sau khi chia ca hai ve cho cosâcor^Pcos^y)
1 + I a n a lanp 1 + t a n Plan y 1 + l a n y Ian a
cos2Pcos2y cos 2a cos 2y cos2aeos2P
= tan(a - P) + lan(p - y) + lan(y - a ) . (1) lana + tanP + tany = 4tanatanptany (3)
cos^ Pcos^ y cos^ acos^ y c o s " a cos^ P
Do ( a - P) + (P - y) + (y - a ) = 0
tan(a - P) + lan(P - y) + lan(y - a) = lan(a - P)lan(P - y)lan(y - a ) . cos2a 2cos a-1
Do = 2 - ( l + l a n ^ a ) = l - t a n ^ a , lit do b i n g lap luan
TCr do suy ra dpem. cos" a
cos"^ a
B a i 2. Cho x + y + z = xyz.
lUdng lir suy ra:
ChuTng minh:
l a n a ( l - tan"P)(l - tan"y) + tanP(l - tanâ)(l - tan^y)
x(y= - 1 )(z^ - I ) ^ y(z^ - 1 ) ( x ' - 1) + z(x^ - 1 )(y^ - 1) = 4xyz.
+ tany(l - tanâ)(l - tan^P) = 4tanatanptany
hay ta c6: x ( l - y ' ) ( l - z') + y ( l - z ' ) ( l - x') + z ( l - x ' ) ( l - y ' ) = 4xyz (4) m A B E C A C , , ^.
Sau k h i rut gon (4) c6 dang sau: 12. N e u tan — tan tan —tan tan — tan — 7 ^ 1, khi do
• 4 4 B 4 4C A 4B 4 C
X + y + z + xyz(xy + yz + zx) - 4xyz = x(x^ + z') + y ( z ' + x^) + z(x^ + y^) (5)
tan t a n - tan - tan
4 4 4 4 4 =1
Tu" gia thiet xy + yz + zx = 1, nen tuf (5) c6 , ; ,
A B B C A C
X + y + z - 3xyz = x(y^ + 7}) + y(z^ + x^) + z(x^ + y^) => dpcm. s ^ , an - t a n - tan tan - tan -
4 4 4 4 4 4
B a i 4. Cho x, y, z deu khac ±V3 va x + y + z = xyz. Chdrng m i n h : .|;,,!, A B C
<=> tan — + — + — = 1
3x-x-^ 3y-y-^ 3z - z ^ _ 3x - x ' ' 3y - y ^ 3z - X '
V4 4 4,
l-3x^ l-3y^ l-3z^ " l - 3 x M - 3 y ^ l-3z^ '
Do A , B < C e (0; => — + - + - = - =^ A + B + C =
TI) 7i s ' / ./ < >
Giai 4 4 4 4 •
A B C A B C
Dat x = tana, y = tanp, z - tany T i f d o cot — + cot — + c o t — = cot — col — c o t — (4)
2 2 2 2 2 2
TiJf gia thiet x + y + z = xyz => tana + tanP + tany = tanatanptany
= > a + P + y = k7i, k e Z
i A ^-^^"'^ l-x^ B l-y' C l-z' . . ,
=> 3 a + 3p + 3y = 3k7i, k e Z I: Vicot—= --=^ = - ; cot—= — ^ ; c o t — = , nen tif (4) c6:
2 2 t a n -A 2x 2 2y 2 2z
=> tan3a + tan3p + tan3y = tan3atan3ptan3y. (1) 4
l_y2 l_,2 (,_,2)(j_y2)(j_^2)
A p dung cong thtfc tan3t = — ^ , tijf (1) suy ra dpcm.
l-3tan^t 2x 2y 2z 8xyz
B a i 5. Cho x, y, z e (0; 1) va. x + y + z - xyz = 1 - xy - yz - zx.
^ 1-x^ 1-y" 1-z" 1 1-x^ 1 - y " 1-z'
1-x^ l-y^ l-z^ 11-x'l-yM-z^ hay +— — +• - • dpcm.
X y z 4 X y z
ChU'ng m m h : + — + ——- .
x y z 4 X y z B a i 5. Cho x + y + z = xyz va x > 0, y > 0, z > 0. ChiJng minh:
Giai
a B y
D a t x = t a n — ; y = tan—;z = tan —. yz zx
4 4 4
Do X, y, z e (0; 1) A , B, C G (0; 7t). ^/(l + y ^ ) ( l + x^)-^/lT7-^/i^
= 0.
, A B C A B C xy
Tu'gia thiet suy ra: tan — + tan — + tan tan — tan —tan — Giai
4 4 4 4 4 4
A B B C A C Do X, y, z > 0 va x + y + z = xyz, nen neu dat x - tana, y - tanp, z = tany
= l-tan—tan tan —tan tan — t a n — (U =>a + P + y = 7t
4 4 4 4 4 4 Ta c6:
Co hai kha nang sau xay ra: 1 1 1
, xr^' A B B C A C , ^(l + y^)(l + z^)-7l+V-Vl + z^ _ cospcosy cosp cosy

1. N e u t a n — t a n tan —tan tan — t a n — = 1 (2) yz tanPtany
4 4 4 4 4 4
A B C A B C V _ 1 - ( c o s p + cosy)
K h i do tiJf (1) co: tan — + tan — + tan — = tan — t a n — t a n — (3)
4 4 4 4 4 4 sinpsiny
T..,,-, A B C
Tir (3) suy ra — + — + — = 71 TUdng tir v d i hai phan so con l a i , k h i do ta diTa dang thiJc can chi^ng minh ve
^ 4 4 4
Do la dieu vo l i va A < B, C e (0; 71). dang tifdng di/dng sau: >,i ; , .
, V a y kha nang 1/ khong the xay ra.
BUI uuuiig HlH. sum yiui Luyny y"- ~ ' " " " "".r Cty mm/ IVtVDVVH Khang V/ft
1 - ( C O S P + COSY) l - ( c o s Y + c o s a ) ^ 1 - ( c o s a + cos[3) ^ ^^^ 2 T . c o - 2(x+ y ) ( l - x y ) l-,'-

(2)
sinpsiny sinysina sinasinp
< o s i n a - s i n a ( c o s P + cosy) + sinP - sinP(cosy + c o s a )
2(tanA + lanB)(l - tanAtanB) 1-tan^C
+ siny - s i n y ( c o s a + c o s 3 ) = (j
(1 + t a n ^ A)(I tan^B) 1 + tan-^C
o s i n a + s i n p + siny - s i n ( a + P) - s i n ( p + y ) - sin(y + a ) = 0 , ;
c:> s i n a + sinP + siny - siny - s i n a - sinP = 0 (2) . sin(A + B ) ( i - t a n A t a n B )
o 2 j i = cos 2C
(do a + P + y = 7t) cos A cos B ^
V i ( 2 ) d i i n g => ( 1 ) d u n g => d p c m . c o s " A cos" B
. 1+y 1+z 1+xl+yl+z c ^ s i n ( 2 A + 2B) = cos2C
Bai 6. C h o X, y, z 1 va + 7—^ + -; = -; •;
^ 1-x 1-y 1-z 1 - x i - y l - z o ( 2 A + 2 B ) + 2 C = - + k27i. k e Z
ChiJng m i n h rang: , -,!
1. X + y + z - x y z = 1 - x y - y z - z x , T i r ( 1 ) suy ra ( 3 ) d u n g => (2) d u n g dpcm.
2 2(x+ y ) ( l - x y ) _ l - z ^ 3. Chu-ng m i n h h o i i n t o i i n tu^dng tiT nhu" i/2/.
(l + x^)(l + y2) 1^,2' B i l l 7. C h o X , y , z > 0 v a + y " + z" + 2xyz = 1. Chufng m i n h :
- (1-xyf-(x +y f _ 2z
1 + xyz x v ^ - y ^ ) ( l - z - ^ + y V ( l - z ^ ) ( i - x ^ ) + z ^ l - x 2 ) ( l - y ^ ) ..^^ J]
( l + x ^ ) ( l + y^) Giai
Giai
D o x , y , z > 0 va x " + y " + /~ + 2xyz = 1 ^ 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1, () < / < 1.
D a t X = tanA, y = tanB, z = lanC. K h i d o ta c 6 ( d o x , y , z d c u ^ 1)
0;^
A, B , C ^ - + k7t va A, B , C ^ -+k7i, k e Z V I t h e nC'u d a t X c o s a , y - c o s p , z = cosy t h i a , p , y d c u I h u o c
2.
2 4
Tit g i a i h i c l l a c 6 : c o s ' a + c o s ' p + c o s ' y + 2cosact)sPcosy = 1
TCf gia thiet ta c 6 :
_ 2 i + cos2P l + cos2y .
1 + tanA 1 + tanB 1 + tanC 1 + t a n A 1 + tanB 1 + t a n C o cos a + + ^ + c o s a [ c o s ( p + y) + c o s ( p - y ) ] = l
1-tanA 1-tanB 1-tanC 1 - tan A 1 - tanB 1 - tanC
« c o s ' a + c o s ( p + y ) c o s ( p - y) + c o s a c o s ( P + y) + c o s a c o s ( P - y ) = 0
<=> tan + tan ^ + B + lan = tan tan tan -+C
4 o cos(P + y)|cos(P - y) + c o s a | + cosa|cos(P - y) + c o s a ) = 0
4 ,4 4
/ |cos(P - y ) + c o s a l | c o s ( P + y) + c o s a ) = 0 "
^4-A ^ +B = 71 + kTC, k e Z a+p+y p + y - a a+P-y a + y - 3
V4 ,4 <=> cos
•OS cos- -cos- ' r- = 0
-COS- • - L/-'M-
(1)
c:>A + B + C = - + k7i, k e Z . (I)
4 P + y - a a + p-y n a + y - p 7t
D o a , p, y 6 0;^ < —; < —
1. T i r ( l ) s u y r a tan(A + B + C) = 1 2. 2 2
tan(A + B) + tanC P+ y - a a +p-y a + y-P
= 1 cos cos i—^cos ^—^7^0, ncn t i r ( l ) c6:
l - t a n C t a n ( A + B)
tan A tanB
tan(A + B)
+ tanC = l - l a n C cos ^^^±Pll.o = . 1 1 : ^ . 2 ^
1-tanAtanB ' " " 1-tanAtanB 2 2 2
• tanA + tanB + tanC - tanAtanBtanC = > a + p + y = 7r => c o s ( a + p + y) = - 1
= 1 - tanAtanB - tanBtanC - tanCtanA => c o s ( a + P)cosy - s i n ( a + P)siny = - 1
• X + y + z - x y z = 1 - x y - y z - z x => d p c m . => c o s a c o s P c o s y - s i n a s i n p c o s y - s i n a s i n y c o s p - s i n P s i n y c o s a = - 1
I3UM uuutty Jjyt, suui ynfa iû^Mny y»a%^ ~ * J W I J MM*»J J E M W - fjty innn iTrvDWlTKHaiig Vlft
1 + cosacosPcosy = cosasinpsiny + cosPsinysina + cosysinasinp. (2") mChiiy: Tu'dng tu" ta co cac bai loan sau:
•1. Giai phi/dng trinh 8x' - 6x + 1 = 0.
Lai do a, p, y e 0;
V 2/ r., .71 .571 .771
:».J ! I Dan so: x, = sm—; x , = s i n — ; x, = -sm —
sin a = V l - c o s ^ a = Vl - x ^ ; sin p = \j\-y^: sin y = Vl - z ^ . ,^ * 18 ^ 18 - 18
8 ^ . Giai phU"dng trinh 8x^ - 6x - 1 = 0.
Vay tilf (2) c6:
27t 47t
Dap so: x, = cos—; Xj = - c o s — ; x, = - c o s — <,n o r b ef*
l + xyz=xV(i-y')(i-/.^) + y7(i-/-^)(i-x^) +W ( i - ^ ' ) ( i - y ' ) - ' 9 9 9
(X
1' ( 1'
= 4 y + - = 5 z +-
+ —
tBai 2. Giiii he phu'cJng trinh Vx; V •/.)
xy + yz + zx = 1
§ 3. P H U O N G P H A P L U p N G G I A C H 6 A T R O I N G C A C B A I
TOAIN G I A I P H U O N G T R I N H Viet lai he da cho du'di dang tu'dng dUtfng sau:
Bai 1. Cho phi/dng trinh x' - 3x + 1 = 0. xyz ^ 0 (1)
ChiJng minh rang phiTcfng trinh Iron c6 ba ngiiiem X | , X : , X3 thoa man dicu 2x 2y 2z
(2)
k i e n x 3 = 2 + X 2 (d day X | < X2 < X3). 3(x^ + l ) ~ 4 ( y 2 + l ) " 5 ( / 2 + i )
Giai xy + yz + zx = 1 (3)
Dat f(x) = - 3x + 1. Khi do la co phi/dng trinh
Tir (2) suy ra ncu (x„, y„. z„) la mot nghiem cua he ( I ) (2) (3) thi x„, y,,, z„
f(x) = x ' - 3 x + 1 - 0 . (1)
cung dau; ddng thdi (-x,„ -y„, - / „ ) cung la mot nghiem khac cua he da cho.
De thay l'(x) la ham lien tuc tren R, ngoai ra la c6:
Vi the trirdc het ta chi can tim nghiem du'dng cua he (1) (2) (3)
f(-2) < 0;!'(-1) > 0; !(1) < 0; f(2) > 0, nen iheo linh cha't cua ham so lien tuc
T ^ - cc P Y
f(x) suy ra (1) c6 ba nghicm X i , X2, X j sao cho Dat x = tan—;y = t a n - ; z = t a n - .
2 ^ 2 2
-2<X| <-l <X2< 1<xi<2 (2)
Do X > 0, y > 0, z > 0 nen a , p, y e (0; re)
Ttr (2) suy ra moi nghicm ciia (1) deu thoa man dicu kicn |xi| < 2, i = 1, 2, 3
TO (3) C O : t a n y t a n ^ + tan^tan^ ++titan.^tany = l =:>a + P + y = 7i.
Vi the vdi (1) c6 the dung phep ddi bien x = 2cos(j) (0 < cp < 180")
Khi do (1) o 8cos> - 6cos(p + 1 = 0 (2) a . p
2 tan 2 tan 2 tan
o 4cos'(p - 3cos(p =
Tilf (2) C O :
3 1 + tan" l + tan^P^ 1 + tan2 Y
o c o s 3 ( p = cosl20" 2) 2
sin a _ sinP _ siny
o 3 ( p = ±120" + k360" <=> (4)
3 4 5
« > ( p = ± 4 0 " + kl20".
Co the coi a, p, y la 3 goc ciia mot tam giac. Goi a, b, c la ba canh tfng vdi a,
Do 0 < (p < 180" (p = 40", (p = 160", (p = 80" la ba nghicm cua (2).
Dc y cosl60" < cos80" < cos40" nen (1) c6 ba nghicm la p, y. Theo dinh l i ham so sin tCr (4) co: - = - = - => + h" = i:'=>y = 90"
3 4 5
X | = 2cosl60"; X2 = 2cos80"; x.^ = 2cos40"
Ta co: x^ = 4cos^ 40 = 2(1 + cos80") = X2 + 2 Vay z = tan^ = tan45" = 1 .
=> dpcm. Ta co: •••
BSi diidng Ape sinh gitil LUjiHg gutc - rnammyTataT
271
V d i (0 = — + k — , la CO: m< — + k zn < —
n
3 . „ 4 a ll-cosa
4- = - • Tifcfng tif y = - 14 7 ' 14 7 2
s i n a = - ; s i n P = - => x = t a n — = 4 3 2
5 5 2 V l + cosa 1+ <o ( ) < 1 + 4 k < 7
<=> 0 < l + 4 k < '
<.-i<k<l
2 4 2
V a y he da cho c6 hai nghiem (x, y, z) =
o k = 0, i
V' 3 2 V a y phi/cfng trinh c6 4 nghicm tren (0; 1).
B a i 3. Phifc^ng trinh 8x(l - 2x')(8x'' - 8x^ + 1) = 1 c6 bao nhieu nghiem nam 2x + x ' y = y
trong khoang (0; 1). Bai 4. G i i i i he phi/dng trinh \ + y ' z = z .
Giai
2z + z"^x - x
V I xet trong (0; 1), nen dat x = sincp, v d i 0 < cp < - .
Giai
K h i do du'a phiftlng trinh da cho vc dang 2x + x y = y 2x = y ( l - x - ) (1)

8sin(p(l - 2sin'(p)(8sin''(p - 8sin^(p + 1) = I (1) Ta c6: 2y + y'^z = z o 2y = z ( l - y ^ ) (2)
Ta c6: 1 - 2sin'(p = cos2{p
2z + z"x - X 2z = x ( i - z - ) (3)
S s i n V - 8sin'(p + 1 = 8sin'(p(sin^(p - 1) + 1
= 1 - 8sin'(pcos'{p = 1 - 2sin^2(p = cos4(p. Ro r a n g 1 - x ' 0; 1 - y" ^ 0; 1 - z" ^ 0
V i the (!)<=> 8sin(pcos2(pcos4(p = 1. (2) ( V I C h a n han n e u 1 - x' = 0 x = ± 1 d o d o VP (1) = 0; V T (1) ;^ 0 d o la d i c u
v6 i i )
Do 0 < (p < => coscp ^ 0, nen
2x
(2) <=> 8sin(pcos(pcos2(pcos4(p = coscp y = (4)
1-x-
71 ,271 >• •
8(p = —-2(p + kin (p = — + k — Vay(l)(2)(3)c^ (5)
n z=
<=> sin8(p - sin \ k e Z
71 , In 1-r
8(p = ^ + 2(p + k27t (0 = — + k —
14 7 z = (6)
71
Do 0 < (p < —, nen
2 Dat X = tana v d i < a < ^ . K h i do tu" (4) c6 y = tan2a, tu" (5) c6 z = tan4a.
71 , 271 , 7t , 271 71
- Vrti cp = — + k — , t a c o : 0 < — + k — < — tu" (6) CO X = tan8a.
18 9 18 9 2
V i the' ta c6: tan8a - tana
V>1
<=> ( ) < — + k - < - <=> 8 a = a + k;:
18 9 2
<=> 8 a = a + kTi
o 0 < 1 + 4k < 0
kTi
<=:> a = — , k e Z
« — < k < 2 7 , B 1
4
^ ^ 71 71 7t kTI 7t
<^k = 0; 1 Ta can CO — < a < —=> — < — < —
2 2 2 7 2
7 , 7
=> — < k < — 4 s i n V - 3sin(p = ^Jl - sin" cp =|coscpj = coscp do
2 2
=>k = - 3 ; - 2 ; - l ; ( ) ; 1;2;3
<=> -sin3(|> = coscp <=> cos — + 3(p - coscp
Vay phiTdng Irinh da cho c^c nghiem (x, y, z) = (tana; tan2a; tan4a) 2
— + kTl
f kTt 2k7t 4k7i^
tan — , tan , tan —+ 3cp = cp+ k27r cp =
7 7 7 , 4
(I)
V('nk = - 3 ; - l ; - 2 ; 0 ; 1;2.
+ 3cp = -cp + k2n cp - — + k —, k e /
32x^-40xVl()x-l=0 ^ 8 2
Bai 5. Chiang minh rSng he phifcing trinh CO nghiem.
16X^-12X + N/5-1=() Do |cp| < — nen tiT ( I ) , ta co:
Giai
3 X 7 1 , n • • 3
— < — +k7t<- — < k < - k=(),
16x^-2()xU5x=- (1) 2 4 2
32x'^-4()x^ + l ( ) x - l = ( ) 7t 71 , n 71 k = 0 hoac k = i
Ta c6: • — < — + k - < - 4 4
i6x^ -12X + N/5-I = 0
3x-4x = (2) 2 8 2 2
Vay (1) CC1 nghiem: 4 4
Dai X = sina vdi -— < a < —. Khi do ta co 3x - 4x' - sin3a, n x/2 . ( n.71 . 37r
2 2 X| = sin ; X-, = s i n — = - s i n — ; X, = s i n — .
4) 8 8
2 - I 87
16x'' - 2()x'^ + 5x = sin5a (xem bai 12, §1, chifdng 4).
Co the tinh diTc^-:
sin 5a = — (3) 371

1 1 - COS '
Luc nay (!) (2) <=> . 7C N/2-V2 . 371 4 _ V2W2
Sin — = ; sin —
sin 3a =^^^^^—^ (4) 8 2 8
72 V2-V2 V2 + V ^
Vay phU'cJng trinh cc) n g h i e m x, = ; X2 =^ ; X3 = •
NhiT da biel (xem chiWng i ) sin — = ——!-
^ 10 4
sin(5a„) = sm^ = ^
Vfiy ne'u lay a „ = — , thi •
30
sm(3a,,) = sui— =
^ "'^ 10 4
Vay cx,) thoa man he (3) (4). TCr do suy ra he da cho chac chin c6 nghiem (vi
It nhat no nhan a „ = ^ lii nghiem) => dpcm.
Bai 6. Giai phiTdng trinh 4x^ - 3x - .

Giai
Do 1x1 < 1 nen dal x = sincp < m < - . Khi do ta diTa phiTdng trinh vc
2 2
dang sau:
§4. PHUONG PHAP LUOING GIAC H6A Goi canh hinh vuong la a, khi do ED = HD (1)
QIAI CAC BAI TOAN HINH HOC sin HED 2sin75"
I I c/y'
Nhicu bai loan hinh hoc phang va hinh hoc khCmg gian nhicu sii' dung
(do HED = - AED = -= = 75" ]
phu'dng phap "kMng giac h o a " ma c6 Idi giai gon gang va trong sang. Sau Ta c6; CDK2= 75" =^ JD2 = CDcosCDK = acos75'
day la xcl va ihi dii minh hoa dicu ay. ".' a sin 150" asin30"
Bai 1. Cho lam giac vuong can ABC dinh A. Kco diii AC vc phia C cac doan Tirdo: KD = (2)
2 sin 75" 2 sin 75" 4sin75"
CM = MN = AC. Chu-ng minh BCA + B \ 1 A + 13NA = 9()" .
T i r ( l ) ( 2 ) c 6 : KD = - E D KD = KE
Giai k 2
Ta c6: B C A + B M A + B N A = 90" => CED la lam giac can dinh C => CE = CD
o B M A + BTJA = 45" . (I) Lap iuan lu'rtng liT, c6: BE = BA.
Dc lhay => BEC la lam giac dcu => dpcm.
Itan xet: Xcl each giai ihuiln tiiy hinh hoc nhif sau:
lan{B'MA + B'NA) Vc phia trong ciia hinh vuong diTng lam giac can CKD dinh K c6 gck d day
lanBMA + lanBNA cung bang 15" =^ AKCD = AEAD (g.c.g)
i => KD = ED
- t a n B M A lan B N A i Ta CO: EDK = 90" - (15" + 15") = 60"
6
TCf do suy la (I) dung => dpcm. => EKD la lam giac dcu
Nhqn xet: Xcl each giai Ihuan Uiy "hinh hoc phang sau EK - KD = ED
Di/ng hinh hinh hanh B M E A Do CKD = 150"; EKD = 60" EKC = 150"
Ta CO C E N la lam giac vuong
=> AEKC = ACKD (c.g.c)
can dinh E .
=>CE = CD
Dc ihii'y B A E N la U? giac noi
licp (lijf A va E nhin B N du'di Lap luan lu-dng lif c6: BE = BA => BEC la lam giac dcu.
Cling gc)c vuong) Bai 3. Cho ABC la tam giac can dinh A c6 goc c( day bang 50". Lay D, E tifdng
li-ng trcn BC, AC ssao cho BAD = 50", ABE = 30". Tinh BED .
=> B E A = B N A (ciing chan AB)
Giai
Lai c6: E A C = B M A (so Ic trong) Gia sii- AD n BE = O.
Tirdo B'MA + B N A = B'EA + E"AC (1) Ta CO: AOB = 180" - (.30" + 50") = 1OO"
Lai CO 45 = BCA = BEA + EAC (goc ngoai lam giac) BDA = 180" - (50" + 50") = 80"
=> BCA + BMA + BNA = 90" ^ dpcm. CBE = 50" - 30" = 20"
Bai 2. Cho hinh vuong ABCD. Trcn canh AD vc phia trong hinh vuong dung tam AEB = 50" + 20" = 70"
giiic can ADE dinh E c6 goc day bang 15". Chirng minh BCE la lam giac dcu. CAD = 180"-3.50" =30". „,
Giai Ap dung dinh li ham so sin trong tam giac ODB, ta c6:
Kc EH J_ AD va CK 1 ED.
BÎ Au&ng hpc sink glolLuffnggiac - tnan nuy nnal Cty TISHH nrv DVVn Khang Vift
M i ^ / i xet:
OP _ s i n 2 0 "
Xet each giai Ihuan tuy b^ng
OB " sin 80"
hinh hoc phdng sau:
Tiftlng t i r t a c6: • ;
(day chinh la each giai ciia hoang
O D O D O B O A '
de Napoleon Bonaparte)
oli OB'OA OH f
Gia suT hai du'dng Iron ngoai tiep
_ s i n 2 0 " s i n 5 0 " sinVO" ^ 4 s i n 2 0 " cos20" cos40" _ s i n 8 0 " _ ^
cua hai tam giac A B C va A C B '
~ sin 80" ' sin 30" ' sin 30" ~ sin 80" sin 80"
cat nhau tai A va 1.
=> O D = OE. V a y E O D la lam giac can d'lnh O, ncn
— 180"-100" Do B C A I la tur giac n o i tiep ma B C ' A = 60"
E O D = A O B = 100" =^ B E D = O E D = = 40". ^ A I B - 120".
Nhdn xet: Cac ban hay lu" giai lai bang each ihuan tiiy siJ dung hinh hoc phang TiTdng tir A I C = 120" B I C = 120" .
B a i 4. ( B a i loan Napoleon Bonaparlc) V a y B I C A ' cung la lu" giac n o i tie'p.
Cho lam giac A B C . V c phia ngoai tam giac Iren ba canh diTng ba tam giac N o i khac d i ba during Iron ngoai
deu A B C , B C A ' , A C B ' . G o i O,, O2, O., Ian lifdt la l a m ciia ba tam giac dcii tiep 3 lam giac ABC, BCA',
ay. ChiJng m i n h O1O2O3 cung lii tam giac dcu. A C B ' d d n g quy l a i I .
Giai Theo linh chat cua du-dng Iron, ta co: O 1 O 3 1 A I , O 1 O 2 1 I B , O 2 O 3 1 IC.
Theo dinh ly ham so cosin, la c6: Do A I C = 120" ^ O J O p ^ =60"
020^ = CO^ + CO^ - 2CO2.CO3 cos Ti/cfng tir co: O^^f)-^ = O ^ O p , = 60" =^ O1O2O3 la tam giac deu.
ai 5. Cho lam giac A B C noi tiep trong du'dng iron tam O, ban kinh R. G o i I la
tam dudng iron n o i tiep ciia A A B C v d i ban kinh r. V e du'dng iron l a m d
tiep xuc v d i BC l a i D , A C l a i E va tiep xuc irong v d i diTdng iron (O; R).
ChiJng minh rang I la Irung d i e m cua D E .
Giai
G o i O i va p la l a m va ban kinh du'dng iron
tiep xuc v d i C B , C A va tiep xuc trong v d i
dirdng iron (O; R). K h i do C, I , O, t h i n g hang
V I chung cung nam Iren du'dng phan giac
trong cua goc C. Do do ta co:
r . „„ p
CI = C vaCO,= (*)
c•
sm sm
2 2
DSt 0 | C 0 = (p. Trong lam giac C O I theo dinh ly ham so'cosin, la co:
co^ + c i ^ - 0 1 ^ '=5
Tir (1) (2) c6: 0 , 0 . = O j O j = O2O3 coscp =
2CI.CO
=> O1O2O3 la tam giac deu
Theo cong IhuTc Euler ta co: 01^ = R(R - 2r), vay
dpcm.
B6t dudng hpc sinh gidl LUffng gJAc - Fhan Huy KliST Cty 77V//// m-y D VVn Hbang Vl^t
Giai
R2 + -R(R-2r)
sin" r^+2Rrsin^ r + 2Rsin" Dal A = 3a, B = 3p, C = 3y. Goi cac
2 2._ 2 (1) canh BC, CA, AB va du-dng kinh
coscp = , rR
2rRsin^ 2Rsin*^ du"c(ng Iron ngoai liep AABC la a, b,
' . C 2 2
sin c, d tu'dng iJng. Thco dinh ly ham so'
. 2
sin, trong tam giac CYA la c6:
Lai ap dung dinh ly ham so cosin Irong ACOO, la c6:
CY b
(1)
sina sin[18(y-a-y
co^ +co] - oof sm"

2
Do a + 7 = 60" - p, vay luT (1) suy ra
coscp = sina
2CO.CO, 2R CY = b- sma = dsin3p
. C (2)
sm sin[l2()" +p] .sin(60"-p)'
1
c c c c Ta c6: ,sin3p = 3sinp - 4sin'p = 4sinP
71 -sin^p
p ^ - p ^ sin' ^+2Rpsin^ pcos^^+2Rsin — (2)
C = 4sinP(sin'60"-sin^P)
2Rpsin ^ 2Rsin^
2 = 4sinPsin(60" + p)sin(60" - P). (3)
r + 2Rsm- pcos +2Rsm Thay (3) vao(2)c6: n = CY = 4dsinasinPsin(60" + a ) .
T i r U ) ( 2 ) suy ra 2 2 2 Ly luan WOng tu" c6: m = CX = 4dsinasinPsin(60" + P) , ,
2Rsin^ 2Rsin^ Trong tam giac CXY, ap dung dinh ly ham so cosin, ta co:
2 2
X Y ' = m^ + n^ - 2mncosY = 1 Tid'sinâsin^pl sin-(6()" + a ) + sin^(60" + P)
C 2 r 2C
=> r = pcos — => — = cos — . - 2sin(60" + a)sin(60" + P)cosy]. (4)
• 2 p 2
Do (60" + a ) + (60" + p) + y = 180", nen xet AEFG vcti E = 60" + a
Theo (*), la c6: 1 0 , = CO, - CI = . F = 60" G = "(. Goi d| la dudng kinh du'dng tron ngoai liep tam giac
sin -
2 niiy. Theo djnh ly ham so' sin trong tam giac nay, c6
FG = e = d I sin(60" + a ) =^ sin(6()" + a) = — ,
Vay ^ - sin^ - = => IO,.CO, = p' = 0 , D I
CO, 2 CO?
Trong lam giac vuong 0 | D C lai D, lai c6 lOi.COi = 0 , 0 ^ I E G = 1" = d|Sin(60" + p) =^ sin(60" + p) = X ^
til
Ma DE 1 0 | C => D, I . E lhang hang
Do CE va CD la hai liep tuycn xual phat tiT mot diem tdi diTdng Iron (Oi, p ' [ E F = g = disiny siny = — .
tCr do la CO I la trung diem ciia DE. Do la dpcm.
• Vtiy thay vao (4), la co:
Bai 6. (Bai loan Morley)
ivv2 ,^J2 • 2 • 2o + 1^ - 2 c f C 0 S y
Cho lam giac ABC. 6 moi goc cua tam giac ve hai du'dng chia goc do ra 1;' | X Y = 16d sm asm p -
•I „ V V
ba phan bang nhau. Cac diTdng ay cSt nhau lai X, Y, Z (xem hinh ve du'c'"
day). Chifng minh rang X Y Z la lam giac deu. = 16d'sinâsin^p\ 16d^ sin^ asin^ Psin^ y
= > 7 i = 72 ( v i |7| - 7 2 I < D i e u do c6 nghia la CP, C Q tao vcTi du^cfng phan
=> X Y = 4dsinasinPsin7.
Do vai tro binh dting, ta cung c6 X Z = Z Y = 4dsinasinPsin7 giac cua goc C cac goc bkng nhau => dpcm.
=> X Y = X Z = Z Y , vay X Y Z la tam giac deu. D o la dpcm. B a i 8. Cho tam giac A B C . T r e n tia do'i cua tia C A lay d i e m D sao cho C D = C B .
B a i 7. Cho tam giac A B C . P vii Q la hai d i e m nam trong A A B C . Biet rang Ap L a y E sao cho A E = A B , B A E = B C A va diTcfng t h i n g A B c^t doan t h i n g
va A Q tao v6\g phan giac ciia goc A cac goc bang nhau: BP, B Q curiu D E tai d i e m M nao do. ChiJng minh r i n g M la trung d i e m D E k h i va chi k h i
tao vcti dirdng phan giac ciia gck B cac goc bang nhau. ChuTng minh r i n g CP, ACB = 2BAC.
C Q cung lap thanh v d i di/cJng phan giac cua goc C c^c goc b i n g nhau. Giai
Giai
Dat B C = a, C A = b, A E = c, B A C = A , A C B = C.
Theo gia t h i e l , ta c6:
De dang thay rang M la trung d i e m cua D E => SAMD = SAME- ;
B A Q = PAC = a. Ttr do ta c6: D M = M E o AM.AdsinA = AM.AEsinC
A B P = QBC = p . o (a + b)sinA = csinC
o (sinA + sinB)sinA = sin^C (theo dinh l i h a m so sin)
Dat PCA = 7 , , Q C B = 7 . .
<=> sinAsinB + sin'A = sin^C
A p dung dinh ly ham so sin trong cac
o sinAsinB = (sinC + sinA)(sinC - sinA)
A A B P , A P C , BPC, A Q B , A C Q va BQC,
C+A C - A C+ A . C-A
ta c6: <=> sinAsinB = 2sin -cos- 2 cos -sm-
2 2
AP sinp CP sina
o sinAsinB = sin(C + A)sin(C - A )
BP sin(A - a ) AP siny,
o sinA = sin(C - A ) (1)
BP sin(C-7|) AQ sm(B-p)
(do sin(C + A ) = sinB > 0)
CP sin(B-p) ' BQ" sina
Do 0 < A < 71, 0 < C < 7:, nen tif (1) suy ra
CQ sin(A - a ) BQ sin 72
A = C - A c : > 2 A = C<=> A C B = 2 B A C
AQ sin(C-7-,) CQ sinp
Do la dpcm.
Tir cac dang thuTc Iren suy ra:
sin(C - 7| ) s i n 7 2 = ÎrînCB - P ) ^ s i n p , (1)

CP CQ
AQ AP
sin(C-72)sin7| = sin(B-a)—sina , (2)
BPsinP = A p s i n ( A - a ) , (3)
B q s i n ( B - p ) = AQsina. (4)
B a i 9. Cho hinh chop O . A B C , trong do O A , O B , OC d o i m o t vuong goc v d i
T i r ( 3 ) va ( 4 ) suy ra
nhau va thoa man dieu k i e n OB + OC = O A . Chufng minh:
Bp.sin(B - p)BQsinP = Aqsin(A - a)AP.sina. (5)
O A B + O A C + B A C = 90"
Tur (1) (2) (5) ta c 6 : sin(C - 7,)sin72 = sin(C - 72)sin7i
Giai
=> sinCcos7|Sin7i - sin7isin72CosC = sinCcos72sin7i - sin72sin7|CosC
Dat O A B = a, O A C = p , B A C = 7
=> sinC(sin7iCos72 - sin72Cos7i) = 0
De thay a, p , 7 deu la goc nhon.
=> sinCsin(7, - 7:) = 0. (*)
Do C la goc ciia tam giac nen sinC > 0. V i the liT (*) suy ra sin(7i - 72) = 0 Theo dinh l i ham so cosin trong A B A C la c6:
Cty T/mif nrv DVVH Khang Vtft
AB" AC^ - B C ^ §5. PHUONG PHAP LUONQ GIAC H6A
cosy = 2AB.AC
TRONG CAC BAI TOAN KHAC
• cosy = OA^ +OB^ +OA^ +OC^ -(OB^ +OC^)
2AB.AC Trong muc nay chung toi gidi thieu cac bai loan sijf dung phtfdng phap lu'dng
OA^ OA(OB + OC) giac de giai cac bai toan trong hinh hoc to hdp va trong so' hoc.
AB.AC AB.AC Bai 1. (Phep lu'dng giac hoa trong hinh hoc to hdp)
OA OB OA OC Cho td giay ke 6 li. Chiang minh rSng khdng the ve mot tarn giac deu sao cho
AC A B ^ A B AC
= sinacosp + sinPcosa cac dinh ciia no la cac dinh cua cac 6 li vuong.
• cosy = sin(a + P) (1) Giai '
Gia thic't phan chiJug
Do a, p, y G 2 ton tai tarn giac deu B
ABC, sao cho cac dinh
nen tiif (1) suy ra a + p + y 9()". A, B, C la cac dinh cua
OAB + OAC + BAC = 9()" ^ dpcm. cac 6 li vuong.
Chii y: Lay A lam go'c toa do, A ja C B'
Xet each giai Mi tren b^ng phiTdng phap thuan tuy hinh hoc nhu" sau: ke true hoanh Ax la X
Trong day (ABC) keo S du'dng thang nkm

dai AB mot doan BE = C
ngang eiia td giay va
AC; keo dai AC mot C O ddn vi do dai la
doan CD = AB. TiT D canh ciia 1 6 li vuong.
va E ke cac du'cfng song
song vdi AB va AC, Dat BAx = a , CAx = p t h i a + p = 60'
chiing cil nhau tai F. Goi B', C tu'dng ifng la hinh chieu cua B, C tren Ax.
Do B, C la cac dinh cua cac 6 li vuong, ma Ax la true n^m ngang, nen B', C
cung phai la cac dinh cua cac 6 li vuong.
BB' CC'
Ta eo: tana = r, tanP - r.
F AB' AC'
Do BAC = 90" va AE = AD (= SA), nen ADFE la hinh vuong hai tarn Do B, B', C, C , A deu la cac dinh cua cac 6 li vuong nen thay ngay tania va
giac vuong SAB va FDC bang nhau. lanP la cac so hilu ti.
=:>SB = CFva A S B ^ D F C Tir do do lan(a + P) = '^'^"'^^ + ^^"^ ^ tan(a + P) la so hiTu ti. " '
1 — tana tan (3
TiTdng tir CO SC = BF va ASC = BFE. Mat khae tan(a + P) = tan60" = 73 la so vo ti. Mau thuan do chiTng to gia
Tir do do dang thay ASBC = AFCB (c.c.c) thie't phan ehiJng la sai => Khong ton tai tam giac deu ma 3 dinh ciia no la
BSC = BFC cac dinh ciia 6 li vuong dpcm.
Nljjl vay ASB + ASC + BSC = DEC + BFE = EFD = 90" => dpcm. Nhqii xet:
Ta CO each giai "phi lu'dng giac" khae nhU sau . •
C t y Tratn n r v DWnlOiang Vlft
B S I duong h ^ c •.iiih tjiui I. m>"S '•^c — fhan Huy Kbal
Tijr(l) va (2) suy ra:

DiTng hinh chif nhat "ngoai tic'p" M N B Q hinh tam gidc deu A B C nhif hinh
b' + bd + d' = d- + C D ' + d.DC <=> b^ + bd = CD^ + d.DC
ben.
o (b - CD)(b + CD) = d(CD - b)
De tha'y N , M , Q cung la cac dinh cua cac 6 li vuong, tij" do: c:> (b - CD)(b + d + CD) = 0
SMNBQ = M N . N B ; SNAB = ^ N B . N A , ^ <^CD = b
NhU' vay ABCD la tu" giac hoan toan xac dinh.
SAMC = ^ A M . M C ; SBCQ = ^ C Q . B Q Dilt ABC = a ^ ADC = 180" - a. '
la cac so hffu ti. V i the do Ap dung djnh li ham so cosin trong hai tam giac ABC va ACD, ta co: «
SABC = SMNPQ ~ (SNAB + SAMC + S AC' = a' + d' - 2adcosa = b^ + c^ - 2bccos( 180" - a)
nen SABC la so hiJu ti.
Suy ra: a' + d^ - 2adcosa = b' + c^ + 2bccosa => 2cosa =
Goi canh tam giac deu la a thi a^ la so nguyen (do a^ = N B ^ + N A ' va N B , N A ad + be
la cac so nguycn tiif N , B , A la dinh cua cdc 6 \g canh c6 the coi la I )
Tirdo ta co: AC^ = a^ + d^ - ad-^' + d 2 - b ^ - c ^
ad + be
Ta CO A B C la tam giac deu nen SABC = SABC la so v6 t i .
,2 (ab + cd)(ac + bd)
hay AC' = ^ • (3)
TCr do dan den mau thuan => dpcm.
ad + be
Bai 2. (Phep lifdng giac hoa trong bai toan so' hoc)
Trong tiJ giac noi tiep ABCD, theo dinh l i Ptoleme, la co AC.BD = ab + cd,
Cho cac so nguyen du'dng a, b, c, d vdi a > b > c > d > 0.
hay: A C l B D ^ = (ab + cd)' (4)
Gia suT ac + bd = (b + d + a - c)(b + d - a + c).
Thay (3) vao (4) va de y rang B D ' = a^ + c' - ac, ta co:
ChiJng minh rSng ab + cd khong phai la so' nguycn to'.
(ab + cd)(ac + bd) . , , , . ^ .,2
Giai (a + c - ac) = (ab + cd) ,
Theo gia thiet ta c6: ad + bc <•
ac + bd = (b + d + a - c)(b + d - a + c) hay (ac + bd)(a' + c' - ac) = (ab + cd)(ad + be) (5)
o a ^ - a c + c^ = b^ + bd + d^ (1) ( a - dgia
Theo ) ( bthiet,
- c ) >ta0co: a > b > c > d. TiJf do di den:
Xettur giac ABCD vdi (a-b)(c-d)>0 ab + cd > ac + bd
AB = a, BC = d, CD = b, DA = c; ac + bd > ad + be
BAD =60"; BCD = 120". Nhu" vay ta dU"(1c bat dang thiJc sau: ab + cd > ac + bd > ad + be (6)
R6 rang tu" giac ABCD la ton tai. Chu y rang ab + cd, ac + bd, ad + be deu la so nguyen diTcfng va tiT (6) suy ra
Cu the ta se difng no nhi/sau: noi rieng ac + bd > 1.
Dirng ABAC vdi AB = a; AD = c va BAD = 60". Ve diTdng tron ngoai tiep Giai thiet phan chiJng ke't luan cua bai toan khong dung, tufc la ab + cd la so'
AABD. Ve phia doi dien vdi dinh A, dat day cung BC = d. ABCD la tu- giac nguyen to. Ket hdp vdi ac + bd > 1, ta co:
(ab + cd, ac + bd) = 1 '•'•'O''^ O)
can tim. That vay, do ABCD la ti? giac noi tiep ma BAD = 60" nen suy ra
TU (5) suy ra: (ab + cd)(ad + be) : (ac + bd) ... . • . • (8)
BCD = 120". Con lai ta sc chufng minh CD = b.
Bay gid lit (7) va (8) va thco tinh cha't chia he't ta co: - i ,
Ap dung dinh ly ham so cosin trong hai tam giac BAD va BCD, ta c6:
(ad + be) (ac + bd) (9)
BD^ = + c^ - 2accosBAD = CD^ + BC^ - 2d.Dccosl20".
Thco (6) thi ad + be < ac + bd. VI vay tiT (9) suy ra dieu v6 l i . Dieu do chtfng
Suy ra: a^ + c^ - ac = d^ + CD^ + d.DC (2)
to rang gia thiet phan chiirng la sai, vay ab + cd khong phai la so nguycn to.
Cty imm nrVDvynKhang Vi^t
§6. H E THirC THtrc LUONG G I A C G o i M , N , P, Q I a n lifcn la cac t i e p d i e m c u a d u ' d n g I r o n n o i tie'p v d i cac c a n h
TROING C A C B A I TOAIN HINH H O C AB, B C C D , DA.

Ta c6: p = A M + B N + CP + D Q
T r o n g cac p h a n t r e n l a da x e t cac b a i t o a n v e d a n g thiJc liTrtng g i a c , b a t d a r i "
A B C D
thiJc l u ' d n g g i a c t r o n g t a m g i a c . T r o n g m u c n a y x e t m o t v a i b a i t o a n v c he = r (1)
thtfc liTOng g i a c t r o n g t a m g i a c , t r o n g diTdng t r o n v a t r o n g h i n h h o c ichong cot h cot — V col —h
cot —
gian. V i A B C D la tu" g i 2a c n o i t i2e p n e n ta
2 c6: 2
B a i 1. C h o A B C D la ti? g i a c l o i v a k h o n g co g o c n a o v u o n g . Chiirng m i n h A + C = B + D= 180"
tan A + t a n B + t a n C + t a n D
• = c o t A + cot B + c o t C + cot D .
t a n A t a n B tan C t a n D 2 2 2 2
A C B D
Giai c o l — = t a n — cot — = tan —
2 2 2 2
X e t h a i k h a n a n g sau:
C A D B
1. A + B ^ 9 0 " ( h o a c A + B^ 2 7 0 " ) , k h i d o t a n ( A + B ) v a t a n ( C + D ) c 6 nghTa. col — = tan — cot — = tan —
2 2 2 2
V i ( A + B ) + (C + D) = 360", nen
T h a y v a o (1) va c 6 :
tan(A + B ) + tan(C + D) = 0
( A B C Dl
tanA + tanB tanC + tanD p= r tan htan—h tan—htan — (2)
o 1 = 0
1 2 2 2 2
1 - t a n A tan B 1-tanCtanD V i S = p r , n e n t i f (2) suy ra
O (tanA + t a n B ) ( l - tanCtanD) + (tanC + t a n D ) ( l - tanAtanB) = 0 A B C D )
S=P^ tan h tan — V tan — ( - t a n — dpcm.
<=> t a n A + t a n B + t a n C + t a n D 2 2 2 2
= tanAtanBlanC + tanAtanCtanD + tanBtanCtanD + tanAtanBtanD B a i 3. C h o A B C D la tu' g i a c n o i t i e p v d i A B = a, B C = b, C D = c, D A = d v a p la
tanA + tanB + tanC + tanD 1 1 1 , 1 mi'A c h u v i . C h u ' n g m i n h r S n g :
tan A l a n B t a n C t a n D lanD tanB tanA tanC
= c o l A + c o l B +• c o t C + c o t D A _ /(p-a)(p-d)
2. A + B = 9 0 " ( C + D - 2 7 0 " ) ^'^^-Jip-bKp-c)-
D o C + D = 2 7 0 " v a A B C D la lu" g i a c l o i k h o n g c6 g o c n a o v u o n g n e n suy ra Giai
9 0 " < D < 1 8 0 " ( V I n e u D < 9 0 " => C > 1 8 0 " d o la d i e u k i c n m a u t h u a n veil A p d u n g d i n h l y h a m so' c o s i n t r o n g c a c
tinh loi cua A B C D ) . t a m g i a c A B D v a B C D , ta c 6 :
D o A + B = 9 0 " => 0 < A < 9 0 " =^ 9 0 " < A + D < 2 7 0 " B D ' = a' + d- - 2adcosA
A p d u n g p h a n 1/ vdi A + D va B + C suy ra d p c m . = b ' + c^ - 2 b c c o s C = b ' + c^ + 2 b c c o s A
B a i 2. (doA + C=180")
T u ' d o suy ra
C h o A B C D la tu" g i a c vijfa n o i t i e p , viTa n g o a i t i e p . G o i S v a p tu'dng uTng la
a^+d^-b^-c^
d i c n t i c h v a nuTa c h u v i c u a tu" g i a c . Chu'ng m i n h : cosA = (1)
2bc + 2ad
A B C D
S:.p^
T i r (1) d i d e n
tan h tan —h tan — I- tan —
2 2 2 G2i a i A _ ll-cosA _ b^ + c ^ + 2 b c + 2 a d - a - - d ^
G o i O l a t a m h i n h I r o n n o i t i e p c u a tu" g i a c va r la b a n k i n h c u a n o . 2 ~ V l + c o s A ~ V a ^ + d ^ - b ^ - c ^ + 2 b c + 2ad
B61 du6ng hpc ainh glol Lupng gidc - n a n tluy Khal
cty Tram MTV DVVH mtang Vl^t
(b + c ) ^ - ( a - d ) ^ |(b + c + a - d ) ( b + c + d - a ) 2 A+C
(2) - 16abcdcos
(a + d ) ' - ( b - c ) ' a + d + b-c)(a + d + c - b )
2 A+C
;p-a)(p-d; = [(a + dr - (b - c r ||(b + cY - (a - d)'] - 16abcdcos
Vi a + b + c + d = 2p, nen itr (2) ta c6: tan — = • dpcm. z
2 V( p - b ) ( p - c ) = (a + d + b - c)(a + d + c - b)(b + c + a - d)(b + c + d - a)
Bai 4. (Cong thiJc Herong cho dien tich ti? giac) 2 A+C
- 16abcdcos
Cho tur giac ABCD c6 AB = a; BC = b; CD = c; DA = d va p la nuTa chu vi iiJ
giac. Chufng minh: 2 A+ C
= (2p - 2c)(2p - 2b)(2p - 2d)(2p - 2a) - 16abcdcos (5)
B+ D
S = J ( p - a ) ( p - b ) ( p - c ) ( p - d ) - a b c d cos' A + C B + D 2B + D 2A+C . .
Vi \ 180" ^ cos^ = cos'' , nen tir (5) suy ra
d day S la dien tich tiJ giac. 2 2 2 2
•> B+D
Giai 5 ' = (p —a)(p —b)(p — c ) ( p - d ) —abcdcos^—^—
Ap dung dinh ly ham so cosin
trong cac tam giac ABD va CBD I 7 B+ D
=^ S = (p - a)(p - b)(p - c)(p - d) - abed cos' => dpcm.
ta c6:
BD' = a' + d^ - 2adcosA t^hdn xet:
= b^ + c' - 2bccosC 1. Ta biet r^ng vdi tam giac c6 cong thifc Herong quen biet dc tinh dien tich
=> a' + d'^ - 2adcosA = b^ + c' - 2bccosA tam giac
^ a^ + d^ - b^ - c- = 2adcosA - 2bccosC (1) S = 7p(p-a)(p-b)(p-c), ,

Binh phu'Ong hai ve'cua (1) va c6 ^jk d day a, b, c la ba canh ciia tam giac, con p la nufa chu vi cua no.
(a' + d' - b" - c"^)' - 4(adcosA - bccosC)' (2) Chinh VI the cong thiJc vii chtfng minh d tren goi la cong thtfc Herong suy
Ta CO S = SAUD + Sua) = ^ adsinA + ^ bcsinC rong de tinh dien tich tuf giac.
. Xet mot vai tracing hdp dac bi^t sau:
=^ 16S- = 4(adsin A + bcsinC)' (3) a. Neu ABCD la tiT giac noi tiep. Khi do A + B + C + D = 180"
Gong tirng ve (2), (3) ta diTdc:
B+D
(a' + d- - b' - c')' + 16S' = 4Ia'd^ + b'c^ - 2abcd(cosAcosC - sinAsinC)] cos- - = 0. Trong tru'dng hdp nay ta c6:
= 4[a^d- + b^c' - 2abcdcos(A + C)|
S= V(p-a)(p-h)(p-c)(p-d).
o 2A+C ,
= 4 a^d^ +bV -2abcd 2 cos 1 b. Neu ABCD la tuf giac ngoai tiep. Khi do ta c6 a + c = b + d = p
= > p - a = c, p - b = d , p - c = a, p - d = b.
~\ CT
= 4 (ad + bc) -4abcdcos^—^— (4) Trong tru'dng hop nay ta CO:
u , u , 2 B+ D I ^ . 2 B+ D
Tir (4) suy ra S = abed —abcdcos = Jabcdsm = sm-^ —Vabcd.
. A+ C
16S' = 4(ad + bc)^ - (a' + d^ - b^ - c')^ - 16abcdcos' B+ D
I c. Neu ABCD vCfa la ti? giac noi tiep va ngoai tiep, thi do sin = 1, nen
= (2ad + 2bc + a' + d' - b' - c^)(2ad + 2bc - a' - d^ + b^ + c^)l
ta c6: S = Vabcd.
cty innn nrvDVVti mtang vi^t
B 6 I duaing h p c s i n h g l o l Lu^ng gUic - Fhan lluy Khal
Giai
Bai 5. Cho tu" giiSc ABCD thoa man dicu kicn
Goi O la tam du^dng tron (O e AB)
cosA + cosB + cosC + cosD = 0. tiep xuc vdi AD, DC, CB Ian lUdt
ChiJng minh: cotA + cotB + cotC + cotD - 0. tai M , N , P. Ta c6:
•V . Giai AB = OA + OB
Tifgia thict ta c6: 1 1
= R (1)
A+ B A-B C+ D C-D sin A sinB
cos cos [- cos COS =U (1)
AD = A M + M D = RcotA + Rcot —
' V i A + B + C + D = 360"=> A ± ^ + £ ± : ^ = 1 8 0 " , n c n t i r ( l ) c 6 : 2
2
BC = BP + PC = RcotB + R c o t -
A+B A-B C-D
cos- cos cos = 0 (2)
do A D + BC R cot A + cot — + R cot B + c o t —
sin(A + B) sin(C + D) 2 2j
Lai CO cot A + cotB + cotC + cotD =
sin A sin B sin C sin D cos A _^ 1 + cosC cos B ^ 1 + cos D
= R + R (2)
1 1 sin A sinC
sinD sinB
= sin(A + B) = 0 (3)
sin A sin B sin C sin D Do ABCD la tu'giac noi tiep nenA + C = B + D = 180".
(do (A + B) + (C + D) = 360" => sin(A + B) = -sin(C + D)) => sinA - sinC; sinB = sinD; cosA = -cosC; cosB = -cosD
Vi vay tir(2) suy ra:
Tijf (2) suy ra chi c6 hai kha nang:
cos A 1-cosA cosB 1-cosB
AD + BC = R R
1. Neu c o s A i ^ = 0 ^ s i n ( A + B ) = 2 s i n ^ i l ^ c o s ^ ^ =0 sinA + sinA UinB + sinB
2 2 2
1 1
Vay tir (3) CO cotA + cotB + cotC + cotD = 0 = R (3)
sinA sinB,
A-B C - D , , A-B C-D
2. Neu cos cos = 0 cos- • = cos- u" (1), (3) suy ra dpcm.
i 7. TiJ dien S.ABC c6 SA, SB, SC doi mot vuong goc voi nhau.
Khi do:
A-B C-D ia suf BAC = a; ABC = p; ACB = y; SA = a; SB = b; SC = c.
a. Neu => A - B = C - D
2 2 Chu'ng minh: a^tana = b^tanP = c'tany.
:>A + D = B + C = 180" Giai
i> sinA = sinD; sinB = sinC Theo djnh li ham so' cotang trong tam
giac ABC, ta co:
1 1
^ -= 0 AB- + A C ' - B C -
sinAsinB sinCsinD cot (\ •
4S A B C
TCr (3) suy ra dpcm.
. . A-B C-D 4S A B C
tana = (1)
b. Neu = . AB^ + A C ^ - B C ^
2 2 heo djnh li Pitago, ta c6:
Lap luan nhxi phan a/ cung suy ra dpcm. A B ' + A C ' - BC' = a' + b' + a' + c' - b^ - c
Bai 6. Cho tuf giac ABCD noi tiep. Du'dng tron vcti tam tren canh AB tiep x
Ml aaOrig hpc slim yiut uuyiiy j
Thay (2) vao (1) va c6: Bai 9. Cho hinh chop tam giac dcu O.ABC c6 cac canh ben lao vdi day goc a.
tana = ^ ^ M ^ anana = 2SABC (3) M la diem Iren mcil phang day. Gia sij- OM Ian lu^dt Hio vdi cac canh OA,
OB, OC va du"dng cao OH cac goc a, b, c, p. ChiJng minh: . .. î,,. , u
Lap luan tiTdng ty di den b^tan|3 = c'tany = 2SABC . ' .: (4)
co.sa + cosb + cose = 3sinacosp. ît ,:io 'jhj
1x1(3) (4) suy ra dpcm.
Giai
Bai 8. Cho ti? dien OABC c6 OA, OB, OC doi mot vuong g(k vdi nhau. Ve chieu
Ap dung djnh ly ham so cosin trong tam giac 0 A M , ta co: ' f
cao cua tiJ dien. Dat A = CAB; B = ABC; C = BCA; a = AOH; p = BOH;
A M ' = OA- + OM- - 20A.OMcosa
sin^ a sin^ 3
y = COH. Chtfng minh: OA^ + O M - - A M ^
sin 2 A sin2B sin2C •cosa = CD
Giai 2.0A.0M
Ke OH 1 (ABC) => H la iriTc lam lam giac ABC. Hoiin loan lU'dng lU", la c6:
O OB- + O M - B M -
A H n B C = A|,lhi AA| I B C cos b = (2)
Tir do OA, 1 BC (djnh li ba du-cing v 2.0B.0M
/(xf' \
Trong lam giac vuong AOA|, la c6: OC- + O M - - C M -
cos c = • (3)
OA- = AH.AA, (1) 2.0C.0M
AH^ Vi O A = O B = O C (do O . A B C la chop deu),
Ta c6: sin'a - (2)
OA^ •c nen la c6 sau khi cong tifng ve (1) (2) (3):
Thay(l)vao(2)vac6:
30A- + 3 0 M - - (MA- + MB- + MC"
AH cosa + cosb + cose = (4)
sm a = (3) 2.0A.OM
AA, B
Ap dung cong thiJc Lepnhit vdi lam giac ABC, la c6:
Ve dirdng iron ngoai liep lam giac ABC, va goi I la tarn di/dng Iron ngoai
M A - + MB- + M C ' = 3 M H ' + HA' + H B ' + HC', (5)
liep lam giac nay. Khi do H, 1, G thing hang, d day G la trong tam lam giac
(chu y (1 day H eung ehinh la trong tam lam giac ABC, do ABC la lam giac
(Iheo du^clng lhang Euler). Ta cung c6:
deu va O.ABC la chop deu nen dU'dng cao H chinh la lam cua day ABC).
HG = 2GI => A H = 2IM (M la Irung diem canh BC)
Vi HA- = H B ' = HC- = OA- - 0 H - ; M H ' = O M ' - OH', nen liT (5) co
Taco: A = CAB = BiM,
M A ' + MB' + MC' = 3 0 M ' - 3 0 H ' + 3 0 A ' - 3 0 H ' (6)
sin2A = 2sinAcosA = 2. sin BIMcosBIM
Thay (6) vao (4) va co:
_ BM IM BC AH BC.AH
(4) 20 H- OH OH
BI BI 2BI 2BI 2R^ cosa + cosb + cose = = 3
OA.OM OA OM
sin^ (V 2R'
Tir (3), (4) suy ra d day S = SABC-
sin2A BC.AA, = 3sinOAH.cosMOH
= 3sinacosP => dpcm.
sinj^_ sin^ ^ _
Tiiilng lu" CO: Bai 10.
sin2B " sin2C
sin^(3 sin^ ^ 1. Cho lu" dien ABCD co AB = a vii chan cac du'dng cao ke lif mot di'nh nam
sin^ <v
Vay dpcm.
sin2A sin2B sin2C ben trong mat doi dien. Goi Si, S; la dien lich hai mat ciia lu" dien co chung
canh a va a la goc nhi dien giffa hai mat ay.
Boi aamg npe snai gtai LUûet ^lAt - yuan nuy miar
2S|S2 sincY B a i 11. Cho tuT dien A B C D . K i hieu a, b, c, d, e, 1" la do dai cac cSp canh d o i
Goi V la the tich cua tu" dicn. Chtfug minh: V -
3a dien cua no va a , p, y, 5, 6, co tUdng i^ng la cac goc nhi d i c n ci'ia cac csinh cua
2. Churng minh rang trong tiJ d i c n , tich cua cac cap d o i d i c n chia cho tich ciia tu'dien. Gia sij"
sin cac nhj d i c n cua tCfng cap canh do la bang nhau. a c b _ d e ^ f
Giai sincY s i n V sin-^ sini3 sinO sinuj
1. KeCHl(ADB)vaCKJ_AB(dinhlibadu'dngvu6ngg6c). Chi?ng minh rang A B C D la tiif dien gan deu (tiJc la tiir dien co cac canh d o i
TiT do suy ra C K H = a la goc ph^ng nhj dien canh A B . d i c n bang nhau).
Theo gia thic't ta co: Giai
Si — S A B C > S2 — S A B D . Gia sil A B = a, C D = c, BC = b, A D = d, A C = e, B D = f.
Theo thi du 5, ta co:
vay V = ^ C H . S j (1)
^ _ 2S|S2sin(Y_^ a 2S1S2
(1)
Ta CO : 3a sina 3V
CH =CK.sina 2S3S4
tiTdng tir CO — — = (2)
2S I . 2Si sina sm3 3V
' sma = — ! (2)
AB a d day S] = SCAB; S2 = S ^ A B ; S.? = S A C D ; S4 = SBCD
Thay (2) vao (1), suy ra 2S,S2 2S3S4

™,l,(2,c6: ,^ 3^ • S 1 S 2 — S3S4
25,82 s i n ( Y *
V = — => dpcm.
H o a n toan tiTdng tiT tiT
3a
b d
2. Gia su- A B = a; C D = c, a lii goc nhi d i c n • S1S3 - S2S4
sin'^ sin 6
canh A B , (3 la goc nhj dien canh C D .
Dat Si = S.xuc. S 2 = SABD
c _ f
S3 — S B C L J . S4 = SACD'
• S1S4 — S T S J .
sin 9 sinu
Theo phan 1 neu g o i V la the tich tu" dien
S1S2 — S3S4 ^
A B C D , ta c6:
Tir (3) (4) (5) CO he sau: S1S3 = S2S4
^ _ 2S1S2 s i n ( Y _ 2S3S4 sin 3
3a 3c S1S4 = S2S3
4S1S2S3S4 sincYsin^
De thay tijf do ta co: S | = S2 = S, = S4 a = c; b = d; e = i
9ac
Vay A B C D la tiJ dien gan deu => dpcm. " ' -
ac _ 4S1S2S3S4
(3) Bai 12. Cho A B C D E F la luc giac n o i tiep trong mot diTcJng tron va thoa man
sin c\n 3 9V'
dieu k i e n A B = B C ; C D = D E ; EF = FA. Chu'ng minh r^ng: S A C E ^ SBDI-
V i vc phai cua (3) la bieu thiJc hoan toan binh d i n g v d i cac canh va sin cua
n 0 • Giai -Lia.îA
cac goc nhj dien tu'dng ij-ng, nen no la gia trj chung cho t i so cua tich cac cap
Gia s^ A B = BC = a, C D = ISE = p, EF = FA = 7, thi
canh d o i cua tiir dien voti cac sin cua cac nhj d i c n ciJa tijfng cap canh d o i do
=> dpcm. 2 a + 2P + 2Y = 360" a + P + y = 180",
B6I dudng hpc sinh gidl Lupng glAc - rhan Huy Khal
A E C = a, E A C p. ECA = y. => SABCD ^ a^cosa( 1 + sina)
Tarn giac A C E c6 diTcJng Iron ngoai => S A B C D â'*cosô:(H-sin(Y)^ ' ' (3)
tiep chinh la during tron ngoai l i c p luc V l c o s ' a ( l + s i n a ) ^ = ( l - s i n a ) ( l + sina)^ '^^^ " i
giac A B C D E F . G o i R la ban kinh cua

= (3 - 3sina)( 1 + sina)^ (4)
dirdng iron nay, thi
SAI:C = 2R^sinasinPsiny (1) Do 3 - 3sina > 0, 1 + sina > 0, ncn theo ba'l dang thiJc Cosi, ta co:
Tarn giac B D F co :y(3-3sin(\)(l+sinfy)
( 3 - 3 s i n ( v ) + ( l + s i n a ) + ( l + sin(Y) + ( l + sin(v) _ 3
(5)
^ 4 "2
Thay vao (4), (3) ta co:
ncnS3Qp=2R sin sin^ sin-
2 3a2V3
ÂBCD - '^^ <=>
TD2
= 2R
»^
cos —cos—cos— 16 4
(2)
2 2 , 2 Da'u bang xay ra khi va chi khi dong thdi co dau bSng trong (2) va (5) lufc la
( d o a + p + y = 180").
khi va chi k h i h0 sau thoa man
V I the S A C H < SijDi.
3 = 90" \ 90"
<=> 2R"sinasinBsiny < 2R'cos—cos—cos— 3 —3sina = i + s i n a cv = 30"
2 2 2
. a . 3 . ^ 1 <=> A B C D la nijTa luc giac dcu canh a.
<=> sin—sin—sin — < — (3)
2 2 2 ~8 Bai 14. Cho nilTa du"(lng Iron ban kinh R . C la mot d i e m tiiy y tren niira duTtng
Nhirda bict trong § 3 , Ihi (3) diing => dpcm. tron. Trong hai hinh quat noi tiep hai du'dng tron. G o i M va N la hai tiep
Dii'u bang xay ra<=>a = P = y o A B C D E F la luc giac dcu. d i e m ciia hai dUdng tron vdi difdng kinh ciia nii'a difdng tron da cho. Chii'ng
Bai 13. Cho ti? giac A B C D c6 ba canh A B = BC = C D = a. Chu-ng minh: minhrang: M N > 2 R ( V 2 - I ) .
s^ A B C D ^<-^^'^ Giai
— •
Goi O i , O 2 la tam cua hai du'dng tron.
Giai 1^2]
Dat C O N = 2a 0 < (V < , 0 , M = R | , 0 2 N = R2
Dal B A C = a, A C D = p.
Khi do S A I K D = SAUC + (1)
T a c o : O j O N = a, 0,OM = --a,
K c B H 1 A C , ihi lir (1) c6:
IT
SABCI)= - A C . B H + -AC.CD.sinp vay M N = M O + O N = R|Cot (\ + Rjcota = R|tana + Rjcota.
2 2 [2
= > SAHCU < AH.BH + AH.CD (2) Trong A vuong O i M O co:
Dau b^ng Irong (2) xay ra o sinp = I c;. p = 90".
R, = 0 | O s i n (V = ( R - R,)cosa
Co the v i c l lai (2) diTdi dang sau 2
SAIKD S acosa.asina + a'cosa • R , ( l + cosa) = Rcosa
s i n h gldl Lupng g l i c — Fhan lluy lutal c i y innn m v uvvn nnang viî
R coscv Goi R la ban kinh du"clng lrc)n ngoai ticp AABC, ihi
R, =
1 + C()S(v SAUC = 2R'sinAsinBsinC
TiTclng lir R: = OO.^sina = (R - R:)sina => S = SR'sinAsinBsinC, <.
Rsina 'C^ day A, B< C la ba goc ciia tarn giac ABC.
=> RT = .
1 + sintt Thco dinh li ham set sin, la du'a bat dang ihuTc da cho vc dang tiTdng di/dng sau:
Rcos(\a Rsina cosa
Vay M N = . 1 .
l + c o s ( \v l + sincx sina 16R sin-Bsin'C 16RSin^ Csin^ A 16R\sin^ Asin^ B '
Rsin(\ coscv 9
l + cos(v I + sina < 64R*sin^ Asin^Bsin^C
sincv + cos<\ I
= R c:> s i n ^ A s i n ^ B s i n ^ C < - . ^
' l + sin(\)(l + cos(\
~4 „,„n
. (V (V
2 cos (\ sin + cos M O Thco bai dang thiJc cd ban Irong lam giac suy ra (1) dung, do la dpcm.
2
= R i 2 2
2 Dau bang xay ra trong (1) <=> ABC la lam giac deu.
. (\ ,.2"
sin + cos .2cos^ Vay da'u bang trong bat dang thiJc da cho xay ra <=> ABCD la tif dien deu.
1 1 2
1
= R
. (\
cos sin +COS
2 2 2
2R
sincv + coscv + 1
Do sina + cosa < %/2 (vi sina + cosa = \/2 cos C\

4J
MN> ncn MN > 2 R { N / 2 - I ) =>dpcm.

V2+I
Dau " = " xiiy ra a = - « OC 1 MN.

4
Bai 15. Cho ABCD la tuT dicn gan deu (tiJc lil c(5 cac cap canh doi dien bang
nhau), vcli AB = CD = a; AD = BC = b; AC = BD = c. ChiJug minh ring:
1 1 1 9
^5—^ + - — - + - < — , is day S la dien tich loan phan cua tuT dien.
b"c" c a' a b" S
Giai
De lhay SAHC = S|,ci) = SACD = SABD = ngoai ra
AABC = ADCB = ACDA = ABAD.

§2. Ba't ding thiJc lifdng giac c6 dieu kien 389
A. Dieu kien cho difdi dang he thtfc hoac he thufc lifdng giac 389
B. Dieu kien cho difdi dang hinh hoc 403
ChiTrfng 1. DANG THlfC LI/0NG GIAC §3. Ba't dang thiJc lifdng giac trong c^c tarn giac c6 ca'u true die biet 407
§ 1. Cac cong thtfc li/cing giac cd ban 3 A. Bat dang thifc lifdng giac trong tarn giac vuong 407
§2. Dang thuTc li/dng giac khong dieu kien ., 5 B. Bat dang thufc lu'dng giac trong tarn giac nhon hoSc tarn giac
§3. Dang thuTc liTdng giac c6 dieu kien 32 khong CO goc til 412
C. Bat dang thiJc lifdng giac trong tarn giac khong nhpn 442
Chtfdng 2 . BAT DANG THlfC L U O N G GIAC
§1. Baft dang ihtfc liTcJng giac khong dieu kien 48 Chi/dng 5. V A I ifNG Dl^NG C U A L U O N G G I A C T R O N G V l | ; C G I A I
§2. Bat dang thiJc Itfdng giac c6 dieu kien 73 CAC B A I T O A N S O CA'P « .
§1. PhUdng phap lu'dng giac hoa trong cac bai toan bat dang thtfc ve tim gid
Chifrfng 3. BAT DANG THlfC Ll/ONG GIAC TRONG TAM GIAC tri Idn nha't, nho nha't cua ham so 453
§1. Dang thuTc lu'dng giac khong dieu kien 83 §2. PhUdng phap lifdng giac hoa trong cac bai toan chufng minh
§2. Dang thiJc lu'dng giac c6 dieu kien 171 dang thiJc 464
A. Dieu kien cho diTdi dang he thiJc dai so hoac he thtfc lu'dng giac .... 171 §3. Phu'dng phap lifdng giac hoa trong cac bai toan giai phifdng trinh 470
B. Dieu kien cho du'di dang yeu to hinh hoc 202 §4. Phu'dng phap lu'dng giac hoa trong cac bai toan hinh hoc 476
§3. Dang thiJc liTdng giac trong tarn gidc can 212 §5. Phu'dng phap lu'dng giac hoa trong cac bai toan khac 485
§4. Sufdung dang thufc liTdng giac de nhan dang tarn gi^c can 216 §6. He thufc lufdng giac trong cac bai toan hinh hoc 488
§5. Dang thiJc liTdng giac trong tarn giac vuong 229
§6. SuT dung dang thuTc lifdng giac de nhan dang tarn giac vuong 247
§7. Suf dung dang thufc liTdng giac de nhan dang tarn giac deu 263
Chtfdng 4. BAT DANG THlfC TRONG TAM GIAC

§1. Bat dang thiJc lu'dng giac khong dieu kien 274
A. Cac ba't dang thuTc lu'dng giac cd ban trong tarn giac 274
B. Bat ding thufc liTdng giac trong cac bai toan hinh hoc phang 278
C. Bat dang thufc lu'dng giac trong tarn giac thufdng 342
1. Suf dung cac ba't dang thiJc cd ban trong tarn giac 342
2. PhiTdng phap suf dung cac ba't dang thtfc kinh dien 352
3. Phufdng phap suf dung bie'n doi lifdng giac 373
4. Vai phUdng phap khac chufng minh bat dang thufc lifdng giac 380
CONG TY TNHH MOT THANH VIEN D W H KHANG VIET
Nhd Sdch
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Tailieuchung Boi Duong Hoc Sinh Gioi Luong Giac NXB Dai Hoc Quoc Gia 2014-2-8519

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Tailieuchung Boi Duong Hoc Sinh Gioi Luong Giac NXB Dai Hoc Quoc Gia 2014-2-8519

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Dau bang xay ra trong cac ba't dang thtfc tren khi va chi khi ABC la tam giac

GAt^<fn^4. B A T D A N G THLTC Ll/OfNC G I A C deu.

Tir d6 A A , . B B | . C C , = 8 R W ( B - C)cos(C - A)cos(A - B) A . B . C A . B . B . C C . A

sm- sm~ 0 < cosA + cosB + cosC < -.

B C pgfu bang xay ra <=> A B C la tam giac deu.

/„ < Vbc cos — . (2)

MA, + M B I . MCB + MCB| ^ . C .sin A sin B sin C

V a y theo bat dang thtfc Co si, la c6: - 4bc

(ihco bat diing ihuTc Co si)

2x + y + z = (X + y)(x + z) > 27(x + y)(x + z) Giai

2y + y + x = (y + x)(y + z) > + y)(y + z) Taco: C H A ' = ABC = B

Giai taco: H A ' = 2 R s i n H B A '

G o i A ' la tam du-dng tron bang = 2Rsin(HBC + A ^ )

tam giac I B C . V i the trong l a m cos(A - B ) C O S ( B - C)COS(C - A ) > cosAcosBcosC. (2)

•; c. dinh ly ham so cosin, ta c6:

O1O2 = 4R'COSY; = yCtanC + lanA).

BAC ABC ACB^ o >6 (1)

Da'u biing xay ra o ABC la tam giac dcu. Giai

Ta c6: -fit = — = sin A D H = sin

V i (1) dung = > d p c m ChiJng minh r i n g A A , + B B , + CC, > A B + BC + C A .

^ . B + C B-Cl , . C+ A C - A l ^ . A + B A - B = A|B(AB + AC) (doA,B = A,C)

sinC + s i n A > 2 V s i n C s i n A , A A , + B B , + CC, > A B + BC + C A .

sin A + sin B > 2 Vsin A sin B .

D a u bang xay ra o A B C la tam giac deu. '^A, = 2RsinABAT

Vi ABA, = ABC + CBA| = B + CAA| »! a + b 2ah _ ( a - h ) ^

=> A A , = m , M a" 4m,, + a b +c

la nii'a chu v i tarn giac A|B|C|. ChuTng minh: p, <-p.

B,C, = 2 ( p - a ) s i n y . (1) A > 90" - hinh 2 )

(p - c ) ( p - b ) Ti/dng t i ; c(') A ; B | = Rsin2C; B i d = Rsin2A. i'''

ChiJng m i n h rang: p, ^^P- TCr do suy ra tam giac AiB|C|

= i(AA| + AA|) ( d d a y B|C| = 0) 1

b-c a, = ^^AKp - a ) s i n y ; a^ = ^BI.(p - b ) s i n y ; a, = ^ C I ( p - e ) s i n -

a = V b 2 + c - >x/2x/b^ Suy ra (1) dung => dpem. .

=::>a(b + c) > 2 V 2 b c > 2 b c . (6) r>.A' 1 V •> ai a-> • a-1

1. Chtfng minh: ab + be + ca < (HA + HB + HCf. tanC + t a n A > 2 c o t —

Dc lhay APNC = A B M K => B N K la l a m g i a c c6 ba c a n h c6 do d a i bang ha . A -1 1 - cos A

Dc l h a y SHNK = - S (1) b- + c - - a"

Tu-dng lifco B N > cos — V a c : CP > c o s Y 7 a b . (4) (2)

. , HA.HB.HC ^ 8 Ti/(l)(2)suyra i ^ ^ l ^ < ^ dpcm.

Giai 'lu'tJng kinh A H . A p dung dinh l i ham so

K c A H va I K cung vuong goc BC. ^"1 trong tam giac A B i d , ta c6:

/.. - l A ^ i A | = BHsinB; A|B, = CHsinC.

^iido suy ra (1) dung vii khong c6 dii'u bang.

> T A s i n 2 A + T B s i n 2 B + TCsin2C. (2) YZ ^OAsinA A

cua BC, A C , A B . Tir do va tu'(2) suy ra

Theo ciic bai Iren la c6: y =

Z Y > T A s i n A = TAsinBHC (1)

Z X > T B s i n B = TBsinAHC (2) . A B B C . C A

T i r d ) (2) (3) (4) di den

TxY/> HAsinBlTc + HBsinAHC + HCsinAHB. (5) viidcyla bl + hl + hj = l.

c(b + c)cosA c(b + c)cosA

JKK+JKK+^ <2p. + h b < + fiv< > 2P-

ARQ va li? g i a c A R M Q c6 chung R / V

b^+c^^ ( b + c)^ a+ b Q R ' = r^ + q ' - 2 r q c o s R M Q

R' + q " + 2 r q c o s A > q ' s i n ' C + r'^sin'B + 2 q r s i n B s i n C , h a y

T i r do b a n g lap luan tiTdng tiT, ta c 6 : o M Ifi triTc t a m A A B C va A B C la t a m g i a c n h o n .

C - A . B . C - 3 Tu'dng lif A | C | = ysinB; CiA| = zsinC

Tif do X + y + /. > 6ri => x + y + / > 2(p + q + r) dpcm. = MB,

p = RcosA: q = RcosB; r = RcosC.

Vay trong trU'dng htip nay la c6:

M la irung diem ciia AB . => ^ < 1 ^ 4m,R > b- + c'.

o (mi+m[,+m;;.)m,mhm, > 2 S ' ( m 2 + m ^ + m 2 ) . (2)

Tir do thay vao (2) va c6: V T (1) > i (3) 'i

C Tir (=1^) C'-i^) suy ra ( ) c > r ' < r '