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I
USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
The IFP invites national pickleball organizations from all countries
to become members of the IFP and to observe these rules as the
international rules of pickleball.
These rules will not be changed without good cause. Comments
and opinions are always welcome. If you have any questions in
regard to the rules, please visit:
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SIGNIFICANT RULE CHANGES FOR 2022
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
Verbal Warnings (13.G.1)
A referee may now issue verbal warnings for more than just
profanity. Any situation that could result in a Technical Warning
may instead be addressed by the referee as a verbal warning.
Only one verbal warning per match, no matter what the infraction,
may be issued to a team, or player in singles.
Calling the Score After a 15 Second Warning (10.A.5)
Instead of a referee calling the score immediately after the 15
second warning expires, the referee will call the score after the
players are ready, or should be ready.
When to Assess a Technical Warning or Foul (13.G.3.e)
Referees are empowered to issue Technical Warnings or Technical
Fouls for various reasons but it has been unclear exactly when a
technical should be announced. The 2022 rules now make it clear
that a referee will not stop a rally to call a technical warning or foul
on an offending team. Any technical warnings or fouls will be
assessed after the rally is over.
Earbuds (11.P)
While some sports allow coaching during active play, pickleball
does not. Since it is possible that a player could receive coaching
via earbuds, earbuds will not be permitted on the court during
tournaments with the exception of hearing aids.
Tournament Score for a Retirement (12.F.6.a)
The score recorded for a player or team that elects to “retire' from
a match has been revised to allow the actual score of the match
for that team to be recorded. A team retiring may play additional
matches in their bracket if any are warranted.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 3 – DEFINITIONS................................................................................. 11
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 1 – THE GAME
Pickleball is a paddle sport played using a special perforated ball
on a 20-foot-by-44-foot court with a tennis-type net. The court is
divided into right/even and left/odd service courts and non-volley
zones. (See Figure 2-1.)
The ball is served diagonally across the net to the opponent’s
receiving court using an approved motion. The ball is struck back
and forth across the net until a player fails to return the ball in
accordance with the rules.
Points are scored only by the serving side when the server or the
server’s team wins the rally, or the opposing side commits a fault.
The server continues to serve, alternating service courts, until the
serving side loses the rally or commits a fault.
Typically, the first side scoring 11 points and leading by at least a
2-point margin wins.
Pickleball can be played as singles or doubles.
The Players
Pickleball is a game that requires cooperation and courtesy. A
sense of fair play from giving the opponent the benefit of any
doubt is essential in maintaining the game’s underlying principles
of fun and competition. To that end:
• All points played are treated the same regardless of their
importance; the first point of the match is as important as
match point.
• Either partner in doubles can make calls, especially line
calls; there is no place in the game for one partner telling
another, “that was my call, not yours”.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
• Prompt calls eliminate the ‘two chance option’. For
example, a player cannot claim a hinder from a ball rolling
on the court after they hit a ball ‘out’; they gave up their
ability to call the hinder by choosing instead to hit the ball.
• Players strive to cooperate when confronted with a
situation not covered by the Rulebook. Possible outcomes
can be a replay, allowing the rally to stand, or in extreme
cases, asking for a referee to resolve a dispute.
• Where possible, rules accommodate players with various
adaptive needs
Unique Features
Two-Bounce Rule. After the ball is served, each side must make
one groundstroke prior to volleying the ball.
Non-Volley Zone (NVZ). An area that extends 7 feet from the net
on each side, within which a player is not allowed to strike the ball
without it first bouncing. More specifically, the whole court from
net to baseline is the same and can be freely used for all play with
one exception: volleying. The first seven feet, the non-volley zone,
cannot be used for volleying.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 2 – COURT AND EQUIPMENT
Figure 2-1
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
m) by 64 feet (19.51 m). Other recommendations for
playing surface dimensions are:
Purpose Width – feet (m) Length – feet (m)
New Construction 34 (10.36 m) 64 (19.5 m)
Tournament Play 34 (10.36 m) 64 (19.5 m)
Wheelchair Play 44 (13.41 m) 74 (22.56 m)
Stadium Court 50 (15.24 m) 80 (24.38 m)
2.A.4. (Wheelchair) The recommended playing surface area
for Wheelchair play is 44 feet (13.41 m) wide and 74
feet (22.55 m) long. The size for Wheelchair play in a
stadium court is 50 feet (15.24 m) wide by 80 feet
(24.38 m) long.
2.B. Lines and Areas. The lines and areas of the standard
pickleball court are explained below. (See Figure 2-1.)
2.B.1. Baselines. The lines parallel to the net at each end of
the court.
2.B.2. Sidelines. The lines perpendicular to the net on each
side of the court.
2.B.3. Non-Volley Zone (NVZ). The area of the court,
specific to each team, on either side of the net
bounded by a line between the two sidelines (non-
volley zone line) parallel to and 7 feet (2.13 m) from
the net. All NVZ lines are part of the NVZ.
2.B.4. Service Court. The area beyond the NVZ on either
side of the centerline, including the centerline,
sideline, and baseline.
2.B.5. Centerline. The line down the center of the court on
either side of the net extending from the NVZ to the
baseline separating the odd and even courts.
2.B.6. Right/Even Court. The service area on the right side
of the court when facing the net.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
2.B.7. Left/Odd Court. The service area on the left side of
the court when facing the net.
2.C. Net Specifications.
2.C.1. Material. The net may be made of any mesh fabric
material that will not allow a ball to pass through it.
2.C.2. Posts. Net posts should be 22 feet +/- 0.0 Inches
(6.71 m) from the inside of one post to the inside of
the other post. The maximum diameter of the net
post should be 3 inches (7.62 cm).
2.C.3. Size. The net length should be at least 21 feet 9
inches (6.63 m) extending from one post to the other.
The net height from the bottom edge of the net to
the top should be at least 30 inches.
2.C.4. Edge. The top of the net should be edged with a 2-
inch (5.08-cm) white tape binding over a cord or
cable running through the binding. This binding must
rest upon the cord or cable.
2.C.5. Center Strap and Height. A center strap is
recommended for permanent net and must be placed
at the center of the net to enable easy adjustment to
the 34-inch (86.36-cm) requirement at center. The
top shall be 36 inches (91.44 cm) high at the
sidelines.
2.C.6. If the net drapes onto the court and such a
configuration is not corrected by the tournament
staff prior to the start of play, and if the referee
deems a ball is affected by the draping net, it shall
result in a replay.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
Figure 2-2
The ball pictured on the left, with larger holes, is customarily used for
indoor play, and the ball pictured on the right is customarily used for
outdoor play. Colors may vary. However, all approved balls are
acceptable for indoor or outdoor play. The complete list of approved
balls is on the USA PICKLEBALL and IFP websites.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
ridge at the seam, as long as it does not significantly
impact the ball’s flight characteristics. (See Figure 2-
2.)
2.E. Paddle Specifications.
2.E.1. Material. The paddle must be made of any material
deemed safe and not prohibited by these rules. The
paddle shall be made of rigid, non-compressible
material meeting the criteria located on the USA
PICKLEBALL and IFP websites.
2.E.2. Surface. The paddle’s hitting surface shall not contain
delamination, holes, cracks or indentations that break
the paddle skin or surface.
2.E.2.a. Reflection. The paddle’s hitting surface shall
not be adversely reflective, such that it has
the potential to negatively affect the vision
of opposing player(s).
2.E.3. Size. The combined length and width, including any
edge guard and butt cap, shall not exceed 24 inches
(60.96 cm). The paddle length cannot exceed 17
inches (43.18 cm). There is no restriction on paddle
thickness.
2.E.4. Weight. There is no restriction on paddle weight.
2.E.5. Alterations. Altered paddles must meet all
specifications.
2.E.5.a. The only alterations or additions that may
be made to a commercially made paddle
are edge guard tape, lead tape, changes to
the grip size or grip wrap, and name decals
and/or other identification markings on the
paddle face.
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2.E.5.b. Decals and tape can extend no farther than
1.0 inch (2.54 cm) above the top of the grip
nor more than 0.5 inch (1.27 cm) inside the
outer edge of a paddle or, if an edge guard
is in place, 0.5 inch inside the edge guard.
2.E.5.c. Hand-drawn or handwritten markings are
allowed on the paddle’s playing surface as
long as they do not impact the surface
roughness and are in good taste. No
aftermarket graphics are allowed on a
commercially made paddle other than
“hand-drawn” or “handwritten” pen
markings. Any hand-drawn or handwritten
depictions must be in good taste.
2.E.6. Prohibited Surface Features and Mechanical Features.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
2.F. Equipment Approval and Authorization.
2.F.1. USA PICKLEBALL/IFP Approved Paddle List – Players
are responsible for confirming that the paddle they
are using for match play is approved and listed as
“Pass” on the USA PICKLEBALL/IFP Approved Paddle
List. The lists of approved equipment may be posted
on the USA PICKLEBALL and IFP websites: USA
Pickleball.org and ipickleball.com.
2.F.1.a. Violation. If at any point during the
tournament it is determined that a player is
using a paddle that violates any of the
paddle specifications or is not listed on the
USA PICKLEBALL/IFP Approved Paddle List
as Pass, the following penalties apply:
2.F.1.a.1. If the violation is identified prior
to the match starting, the player
may switch to a paddle listed as
Pass on the USA PICKLEBALL/IFP
Approved Paddle List without
penalty.
2.F.1.a.2. If the violation is identified after
the match has started, the player
or team forfeits only the match
being played.
2.F.1.a.3. If the violation is discovered after
the scoresheet is returned to the
tournament operations desk, the
match results stand.
2.G. Apparel.
2.G.1. Safety and Distraction. A player may be required to
change garments that are inappropriate.
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2.G.2. Depictions. Graphics, insignias, pictures, and writing
on apparel must be in good taste.
2.G.3. Footwear. Shoes must have soles that do not mark or
damage the court’s playing surface.
2.G.4. Violation. The Tournament Director has the authority
to enforce apparel changes. If the player refuses to
comply with the apparel rules, the Tournament
Director may declare a forfeit of the match.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 3 – DEFINITIONS
3.A. Definitions.
3.A.1. Carry – Hitting the ball in such a way that it does not
bounce away from the paddle but is carried along on
the face of the paddle.
3.A.2. Coaching - Communication of any information,
including verbal, nonverbal, and electronic, from
someone other than a player’s partner, that a player
or team may act upon to gain an advantage or help
them avoid a rules violation.
3.A.3. Court – The area inside the outer dimensions of the
baselines and sidelines.
3.A.4. Cross-Court – The court diagonally opposite of the
court from which the ball was last struck.
3.A.5. Dead Ball – A ball that is no longer in play.
3.A.6. Distraction – Physical actions by a player that are ‘not
common to the game’ that, in the judgment of the
referee, may interfere with the opponent’s ability or
concentration to hit the ball. Examples include, but
are not limited to, making loud noises, stomping feet,
waving the paddle in a distracting manner or
otherwise interfering with the opponent’s
concentration or ability to hit the ball.
3.A.7. Double Bounce – When the ball bounces twice on
one side before it is returned.
3.A.8. Double Hit – Hitting the ball twice before it is
returned.
3.A.9. Ejection - A behavior violation so flagrant that it
warrants ejection from the tournament by the
Tournament Director. The player may stay at the
venue but may no longer play in any matches.
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3.A.10. Expel – A behavior violation so flagrant that the
Tournament Director prohibits the player from
playing in any current and any future brackets of the
tournament. In addition, the player shall leave the
venue immediately and not return for the remainder
of the tournament.
3.A.11. Fault – A rules violation that results in a dead ball and
the end of the rally.
3.A.12. First Server – In doubles, the player who shall serve
from the right/even service court after a side out,
according to the team’s score.
3.A.13. Forfeit – An egregious behavior violation or a
combination of technical warnings and/or technical
fouls that result in either a game or match being
awarded to the opponent.
3.A.14. Groundstroke – A strike of the ball after the ball has
bounced.
3.A.15. Hinder – Any transient element or occurrence not
caused by a player that adversely impacts play, not
including permanent objects. Examples include, but
are not limited to, balls, flying insects, foreign
material, players or officials on another court that, in
the opinion of the referee, impacted a player’s ability
to make a play on the ball.
3.A.16. Imaginary extension. A term used to describe where a
line would extend if it projected beyond its current
end point. Players and referees are to project where
the line would extend if it were not limited to the
boundaries of the playing area.
3.A.17. Left/Odd Court – The service area on the left side of
the court, when facing the net. The starting server in
doubles or the singles server should be positioned on
the left/odd side of the court when their score is odd.
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3.A.18. Line Call – A loud word(s) spoken by a player or line
judge(s) to indicate to the referee and/or players that
a live ball has not touched in the required court
space. The preferred word to indicate a line call is
“OUT”. Distinctive hand signals can be used in
conjunction with a line call. Words such as “wide”,
“long”, “no”, “deep” are also acceptable.
3.A.19. Live Ball/In Play – The point in time when the referee
or server (or server's partner per rule 4.D.2) starts to
call the score.
3.A.20. Momentum – Momentum is a property of a body in
motion, such as a player executing a volley, that
causes the player to continue in motion after
contacting the ball. The act of volleying produces
momentum that ends when the player regains
balance and control of their motion or stops moving
toward the non-volley zone.
3.A.21. Non-Volley Zone (NVZ) – The 7-foot-by-20-foot area
adjacent to the net and specific to each team’s end of
the court relating to NVZ faults. All lines bounding
the NVZ are part of the NVZ. The NVZ is two-
dimensional and does not rise above the playing
surface. (See Figure 2-1 and Section 2.B.3.)
3.A.22. Paddle Grip Adjustments – Non-mechanical devices
that change the size of the grip or stabilize the hand
on the grip.
3.A.23. Paddle Head – The paddle, excluding the handle.
3.A.24. Permanent Object – Any object on or near the court,
including hanging over the court, that can interfere
with play. Permanent objects include the ceiling,
walls, fencing, lighting fixtures, net posts, net post
legs, the stands and seats for spectators, the referee,
line judges, spectators when in their recognized
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positions, and all other objects around and above the
court.
3.A.25. Plane of the Net. The imaginary vertical planes on all
sides extending beyond the net system.
3.A.26. Playing Surface – The court and the area surrounding
the court designated for playing.
3.A.27. Rally – Continuous play that occurs after the serve
and before a fault.
3.A.28. Receiver – The player who is positioned diagonally
opposite the server to return the serve. Depending
on the team’s score, the player who returns the serve
may not be the correct receiver.
3.A.29. Replay – Any rally that is restarted for any reason
without the awarding of a point or a change of
server.
3.A.30. Retirement - A player/team’s decision that stops the
match and awards the match to the opponent.
3.A.31. Right/Even Court – The service area on the right side
of the court, when facing the net. The starting server
in doubles or the singles server should be positioned
on the right/even court when their score is even.
3.A.32. Second Serve – In doubles, a term used to describe
the condition when a serving team loses the first of
its two allocated serves.
3.A.33. Second Server – In doubles, the first server’s partner.
The second server serves after the first server loses
serve.
3.A.34. Serve – The initial strike of the ball to start the rally.
3.A.35. Server – The player who initiates a rally. Depending
on the team’s score, it is possible that the player who
serves may not be the correct server.
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3.A.36. Service Court – The area on either side of the
centerline, including the centerline, sideline, and
baseline, excluding the NVZ.
3.A.37. Serving Area – The area behind the baseline and on
and between the imaginary extensions of the court
centerline and each sideline.
3.A.38. Side Out – The awarding of the serve to the opposing
team after a singles player or doubles team loses its
serve.
3.A.39. Starting Server – For each doubles team, the player
designated to serve first at the start of the game. In
doubles tournament play, the starting server shall
wear a visible form of identification determined by
the Tournament Director.
3.A.40. Technical Foul – A referee’s assessment of a
behavioral violation that results in one point being
removed from the score of the offending team,
unless their score is zero, in which case a point shall
be added to the score of the opposing side. A
technical foul shall be issued if one technical warning
has already been given and a second technical
warning is warranted; or when warranted by a
player’s or team’s action, based on the referee’s
judgement.
3.A.41. Technical Warning – A referee’s warning of a
behavioral violation given to a player or team. Points
are neither awarded nor deducted for a technical
warning.
3.A.42. Volley – During a rally, a strike of the ball out of the
air before the ball has bounced.
3.A.43. Withdrawal – A player/team’s request to be removed
from any upcoming play in a specified bracket.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
3.A.44. Profanity – Words, phrases or hand gestures,
common or uncommon, which are normally
considered inappropriate in “polite company” or
around children. Typically included are four letter
words used as expletives or verbal intensifiers.
3.A.45. Verbal Warning – A referee’s warning of a behavioral
violation. A single verbal warning may be issued to
each team once per match.
3.A.46. Players Using Wheelchairs – Any person, with or
without a disability, who plays the game in a
wheelchair. The wheelchair is considered part of the
player’s body. This can be a player with a disability or
anyone that wants to play in a wheelchair.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 4 – THE SERVE, SERVICE SEQUENCE, AND
SCORING RULES
4.A. Serving.
4.A.1. The entire score must be called before the ball is
served.
4.A.2. Placement. The server must serve to the correct
service court (the court diagonally opposite the
server). The serve may clear or touch the net and
must clear the NVZ and the NVZ lines. The serve may
land on any other service court line
4.A.3. If the serve clears the net or hits the net and then
touches the receiver or the receiver’s partner, it is a
point for the serving team.
4.A.4. The moment the ball is served:
4.A.4.a. At least one foot must be on the playing
surface behind the baseline.
4.A.4.b. Neither of the server’s feet may touch the
court on or inside the baseline.
4.A.4.c. Neither of the server’s feet may touch
outside the imaginary extensions of the
sideline or centerline.
4.A.4.d. (Wheelchair) Both rear wheels must be on
the playing surface behind the baseline and
may not touch the court on or inside the
baseline or outside the imaginary extensions
of the sideline or centerline.
4.A.5. The Volley Serve. The server shall use only one hand
to release the ball to perform the serve. If the ball is
visibly spun by the server during the release, the
part(s) of the hand contacting the ball must be bare.
The server’s release of the ball must be visible to the
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
referee and the receiver. In matches without a
referee, the server’s release of the ball must be visible
to the receiver. A replay shall be called before the
return of serve if the release of the ball is not visible
or if the referee (or receiver in non-officiated
matches) cannot discern whether an item on the
hand contacted a visibly spun ball. Exception: A
player who has the use of only one hand may use
their hand or paddle to release the ball to perform
the serve.
4.A.5.a. The server’s arm must be moving in an
upward arc at the time the ball is struck and
may be made with either a forehand or
backhand motion. (See Figure 4-3.)
4.A.5.b. The highest point of the paddle head must
not be above the highest part of the wrist
(where the wrist joint bends) when it strikes
the ball. (See Fig 4-1 & 4-2)
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Figure 4-1 (legal serve) Figure 4-2 (illegal serve)
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
4.A.6.a. Servers must release the ball from one of
the server’s hands or dropped off the
server's paddle face from any natural (un-
aided) height and hit the ball after the ball
bounces. There is no restriction how many
times the ball can bounce nor where the ball
can bounce on the playing surface. The
server’s release of the ball must be visible to
the referee and the receiver. In matches
without a referee, the server’s release of the
ball must be visible to the receiver. A replay
shall be called before the return of serve if
the release of the ball is not visible. The
rules for feet placement (4.A.4) still apply.
4.A.6.b. The ball shall not be propelled (thrown)
downward or tossed or hit upward with the
paddle.
4.A.6.c. If the drop serve is used, the ball may be
struck with either a forehand or backhand
motion without any other restriction i.e., the
location restrictions of the ball and paddle
in Rules 4.A.5.a, 4.A.5.b and 4.A.5.c do not
apply.
4.B. Player Positions.
4.B.1. Server and Receiver. The correct server and receiver
and their positions are determined by the score and
the players’ starting positions in the game.
4.B.2. At the start of each game, the starting server begins
the serve from the side of the court dictated by the
score.
4.B.3. Each player will serve until a rally is lost or a fault is
declared against the player or team.
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4.B.4. As long as the server holds serve, after each point the
server will alternate serving from the right/even and
left/odd sides of the court.
4.B.5. Singles.
4.B.5.a. If the player’s score is even (0, 2, 4 ...), the
serve must be made from the right/even
serving area and be received in the
right/even service court by the opponent.
4.B.5.b. If the player’s score is odd (1, 3, 5 ...), the
serve must be made from the left/odd
serving area and be received in the left/odd
service court by the opponent.
4.B.5.c. After the server loses the rally or faults, a
side out will occur and service is awarded to
the opponent.
4.B.6. Doubles. Both players on a team will serve before a
side out is declared, except at the start of each game,
when only the starting server will serve. The starting
server of each game is therefore designated as
“Server 2” for scoring purposes, since a side out will
occur once a rally is lost or a fault is committed by
the serving team and service is awarded to the
opposing team.
4.B.6.a. At the start of each side out, service begins
in the right/even serving area.
4.B.6.b. When the team’s score is even (0, 2, 4 ...),
the team’s starting server’s correct position
is at the right/even serving area. When the
team’s score is odd (1, 3, 5...), the starting
server’s correct position is at the left/odd
court.
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4.B.6.c. After each side out, service begins with the
player correctly positioned on the
right/even side of the court according to the
team’s score. This player is referred to as
“Server 1” and the partner is “Server 2.”
4.B.6.d. Server 1 will serve, alternating service sides
after each point is won, until a rally is lost or
the server’s team commits a fault.
4.B.6.e. After Server 1’s team loses a rally or faults,
Server 2 will serve from the correct position
and will alternate serving positions as long
as the serving team continues to win points.
4.B.7. Partner Positions. In doubles, with the exception of
the server (see 4.A.4) there is no restriction on the
position of any player, as long as all players are on
their respective team’s side of the net. They can be
positioned on or off the court. The correct server
must serve from the correct service court, and the
correct receiver must receive the serve.
4.B.8. Before the serve occurs, any player may ask the
referee for the score, correct server or receiver,
correct player position, and may challenge/confirm
the called score. Any player may ask any one or more
of these questions.
4.B.9. When an incorrect player serves or receives, or a
player serves from an incorrect position, the referee
will immediately stop play and identify the fault(s).
4.B.10. Incorrect Player or Position. When an incorrect server
or player position is discovered after a rally, game, or
match has ended, the offending team can be faulted
until the next serve occurs or prior to the scoresheet
being returned to the tournament operation’s desk. A
point scored during the rally by the offending team
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will not count. Any previous points scored by the
incorrect server or with players in the incorrect
positions will stand. After a match is completed, an
incorrect player or position error may not be
corrected after the scoresheet has been returned to
tournament operations personnel.
4.C. Readiness. Any player may indicate “not ready” prior to the
start of the score being called.
4.C.1. One of the following signals must be used to indicate
“not ready”: 1) raising the paddle above the head, 2)
raising the non-paddle hand above the head, 3)
completely turning their back to the net.
4.C.2. After the start of the score being called, “not ready”
signals will be ignored, unless there is a hinder. A
player or team out of position is not considered a
hinder.
4.D. Calling the Score. The score shall be called after the server
and receiver are (or should be) in position and all players are
(or should be) ready to play.
4.D.1. In non-officiated play, the server normally calls the
score, but the server’s partner may call the score if
the server is unable to call the score. The person
calling the score shall not change during the game
unless there is a voice impairment.
4.E. The 10-Second Rule. Once the score has been called, the
server is allowed 10 seconds to serve the ball.
4.E.1. If the server exceeds 10 seconds to serve, a fault will
be declared.
4.E.2. After the score has been called, if the serving team
changes serving courts, the referee shall stop play,
allow all players to reposition, and then recall the
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score to re-start the 10-second count. In a non-
officiated match, the server will allow for the same
repositioning and will recall the score to re-start the
10 second count.
4.F. Scoring. A singles player or doubles team scores points only
when serving. Points may also be awarded when technical
fouls are called against the opposing side and their score is
0.
4.G. Points. A point is scored by serving the ball and winning the
rally.
4.H. Winning the Game. The first side scoring the winning point
wins.
4.I. Calling the Score in Singles Matches. The proper sequence
for calling the score is server score then receiver score as two
numbers. (e.g., “one – zero.”)
4.J. Calling the Score in Doubles Matches. The score is called
as three numbers in doubles matches. The proper sequence
for calling the score is: serving team’s score – receiving
team’s score – the server number (one or two), (e.g., “zero –
one – one”). To start each game, the score will be called as
“zero – zero – two.”
4.K. Wrong Score Called. If the server or referee calls the wrong
score, once the serve is made, play shall continue to the end
of the rally and the correction made before the next serve.
After the serve is made, a player who stops play based solely
on an incorrect score call, will have committed a fault and
shall lose the rally.
4.L. Service Foot Faults. During the serve, when the ball is
struck, the server’s feet shall:
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4.L.1. Not touch the area outside the imaginary extension
of the sideline.
4.L.2. Not touch the area on the wrong side of the
imaginary extension of the centerline.
4.L.3. Not touch the court, including the baseline.
4.M. Service Faults. During the service, it is a fault against the
server resulting in loss of serve if:
4.M.1. The server serves from the incorrect serving area.
4.M.2. The incorrect player serves the ball.
4.M.3. The served ball touches any permanent object before
it hits the ground.
4.M.4. The served ball touches the server or their partner, or
anything the server or their partner is wearing or
holding.
4.M.5. The served ball lands in the non-volley zone which
includes the NVZ lines.
4.M.6. The served ball lands outside the service court.
4.M.7. The served ball hits the net and lands inside the non-
volley zone.
4.M.8. The served ball hits the net and lands outside the
service court.
4.M.9. The server uses an illegal serve (Rules 4.A.5.a, 4.A.5.b,
4.A.5.c) when performing the Volley Serve. (Rules 4.A
– 4.A.5.d)
4.M.10. The server or their partner calls a time-out after the
serve has occurred.
4.M.11. A fault occurs when the server hits the ball to make
the serve while the score is being called.
4.N. Receiver Faults. It is a fault against the receiving team
resulting in a point for the server if:
4.N.1. The incorrect player returns the serve.
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4.N.2. The receiver or their partner is touched by or
interferes with the flight of the ball before it bounces.
4.N.3. The receiver or their partner calls a time-out after the
serve has occurred.
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SECTION 5 – SERVICE AND END SELECTION RULES
5.A. Selection of End, Serve, Receive, or Defer.
5.A.1. Any fair method shall be used to determine which
player or team has first choice of end, serve, receive,
or defer (e.g., a 1 or 2 written on the back of the
score sheet, flipping a coin). If the winner chooses to
serve or receive first, the loser chooses the starting
end. If the winner chooses the starting end, the loser
chooses to serve or receive. Once a selection has
been made, it cannot be change
5.A.2. In doubles, teams may change the starting server
between games and should notify the referee. In
non-officiated matches, the team should notify the
opponents if there was a starting server change. The
starting server for the game is the player wearing the
starting server form of identification. There is no fault
or penalty for failure to make the notifications. Once
a game has started, if the referee notices a starting
server has changed, the referee will annotate the
scoresheet accordingly, after the rally has completed.
5.A.3. In doubles, the starting servers must visibly wear the
form of identification determined by the Tournament
Director.
5.B. Change of Ends.
5.B.1. Teams switch ends and initial service upon the
completion of each game.
5.B.2. Two minutes is allowed between games. If both
teams agree, play may resume early. Rule 10.A.5 shall
be used to continue play.
5.B.3. In a match with two out of three games to 11 points,
in game three, the teams will switch ends when the
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first team reaches a score of 6. Serve remains with the
player holding serve.
5.B.4. In a game to 15 points, the teams will switch ends
when the first team reaches a score of 8. Serve
remains with the player holding serve.
5.B.5. In a game to 21 points, the teams will switch ends
when the first team reaches a score of 11. Serve
remains with the player holding serve.
5.B.6. End Change Time-Out. One minute is allowed to
switch ends during a game. Rule 10.A.5 shall be used
to continue play.
5.B.7. Once the end change point has been scored, a
technical foul resulting in the loss of a point for the
serving team shall have no impact on the completion
of the end change.
5.B.8. In a match with three out of five games to 11 points,
in game five, the teams will switch ends when the first
team reaches a score of 6. Serve remains with the
player holding serve.
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SECTION 6 – LINE CALL RULES
6.A. A served ball that clears the non-volley zone and lands in the
correct service court or on any correct service court line is in.
6.B. Except the serve, any ball in play that lands in the court or
touches any court line is in.
6.C. A ball contacting the playing surface completely outside of
the court is “out”.
6.D. Code of Ethics for Line Calling. Pickleball is played according
to specific rules. It also requires a code of ethics for line-
calling responsibilities when performed by players.
The line-calling responsibilities of players are different from
those assigned to referees or line judges. The officials make
impartial judgment calls with all players’ interests in mind.
The player, when assigned line-calling duties, must strive for
accuracy and operate under the principle that all
questionable calls must be resolved in favor of the opponent.
The basic elements are:
6.D.1. Players are responsible for calling the lines on their
end of the court (excluding short serves, service foot
faults and all non-volley-zone faults, if being called
by a referee). If a player makes an initial line call, and
then asks for either the opponent(s) or the referee’s
opinion, if the opponent or referee can make a clear
“in” or “out” call, the clear call will stand. If no clear
call can be made, the initial line call by the player will
stand. A call made by the opponent can be appealed
to the referee for a final “in” or “out” decision.
6.D.2. Players’ only line call is the centerline on the serve in
matches that have line judges.
6.D.3. The opponent gets the benefit of the doubt on line
calls made. Any ball that cannot be called “out” will
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be considered “in.” A player cannot claim a replay
because the ball was not seen or there is uncertainty.
A player who does not make a call may appeal to the
referee to make the call if they did not clearly see the
ball land. If the referee is unable to make the call, the
ball is “in.” The moment the receiving player/team
appeals to the referee, they lose their right to make
any subsequent "in" or "out" call for that rally.
6.D.4. Spectators should not be consulted on any line call.
6.D.5. A player should not question an opponent’s call,
although any player may appeal a call to the referee
before the next serve occurs.
6.D.6. A player/team may ask the opponent’s opinion to
make the line call on the player’s end of the court. If
requested and the opponent makes a clear “in” or
“out” call, it must be accepted. If the opponents
cannot make a clear “in” or “out” call, then the ball is
ruled as being “in” on the receiving team. The
moment the receiving player/team asks for the
opponent's opinion, they lose their right to make any
subsequent "in" or "out" call for that rally. The
receiving team/player may also appeal to the referee
to make a clear call. If the referee cannot make a clear
call, the outcome of the opponent’s ruling will stand.
6.D.7. Players shall not call a ball “out” unless they can
clearly see a space between the line and the ball as it
hits the ground.
6.D.8. All “out” calls must be made “promptly”; otherwise,
the ball is presumed to still be in play. “Promptly” is
defined as calling “out” prior to the ball being hit by
the opponent or before the ball becomes dead.
6.D.9. In doubles play, if one player calls the ball “out” and
the partner calls it “in,” then doubt exists and the
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team’s call will be “in.” Any player may appeal a call
to the referee. If the referee did not see the ball, the
ball is considered in.
6.D.10. “Out” line calls should be promptly signaled by voice
and/or hand signal (as described in Rule 13.E.2).
6.D.11. While the ball is in the air, if a player yells “out,” “no,”
“bounce it,” or any other words to communicate to
their partner that the ball may be out, it shall be
considered player communication only and not
considered a line call.
6.D.12. An “out” call made after the ball bounces is a line call.
The ball is dead and play shall stop. If, upon appeal,
the referee overrules any type of “out” call, it is a fault
against the player or team that made the “out” call.
Exception: If the match has line judges, the baseline
and sideline judges are responsible for the call. (See
Rule 13.E.2)
6.D.13. After the completion of a rally, players may overrule a
partner’s line call, an officiating team’s line call, or an
opponent’s “in” call to their own disadvantage.
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SECTION 7 – FAULT RULES
A fault (and resulting dead ball) will be declared for the following:
7.A. If the serve or service return does not bounce before the ball
is struck.
7.B. Hitting the ball into the player’s side of the net without the
ball crossing over to the opponent’s side. Note: The ball is
dead and the fault occurs the moment the ball hits the
ground.
7.C. Hitting the ball under the net or between the net and the net
post.
7.D. A player hitting a ball that first lands out of bounds or onto
their own side of the court.
7.E. Failure of a standing player to return the ball before it
bounces twice on the receiving player’s side of the net and
failure of a player using a wheelchair to return a ball before it
bounces three times.
7.F. Violation of Section 4, Section 9 and Section 11 rules.
7.G. A player, a player’s apparel, or a player’s paddle contacting
the net system, the net posts, or the opponent’s court, when
the ball is in play.
7.H. After the serve, the ball contacts a player or anything the
player is wearing or carrying, except the paddle or the
player’s hand(s) in contact with the paddle and below the
wrist. If the player is in the process of changing hands with
both hands on the paddle or is attempting a two-handed
stroke and either hand is hit below the wrist, as long as the
player’s hand(s) are in contact with the paddle, the ball is still
in play.
7.I. A live ball that is stopped by a player before it becomes
dead. (e.g., catching or stopping a ball in flight before it
makes contact with the playing surface.)
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7.J. After the serve, a ball contacting any permanent object
before bouncing on the court.
7.K. Once the ball is in play, a player hitting the ball before it
passes the plane of the net.
7.L. A player deliberately carrying or catching the ball on the
paddle while performing the serve or during a rally.
7.M. A hinder called by a player that is determined by the referee
to be invalid.
7.N. In non-officiated matches, players may carry additional
pickleball(s) as long as the ball(s) are carried in a way that the
ball(s) are not visible to their opponent(s) during play. If an
additional ball that a player was carrying falls on the playing
surface during play, a fault shall be declared.
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SECTION 8 – DEAD BALL RULES
8.A. Any action that stops play will result in a dead ball.
8.B. A fault called by a referee or player, or a fault committed by
a player, will result in a dead ball.
8.C. A hinder called by the referee or player will result in a dead
ball. The referee will determine if the hinder called by the
player was valid. A valid hinder will result in a replay.
8.D. A ball in play that contacts a permanent object after it has
bounced on the opponent’s court will result in a dead ball.
The player who hit the ball shall win the rally.
8.E. Other than non-volley zone violations, faults may only be
committed when the ball is live. The penalty for faults (other
than non-volley zone faults) are normally enforced the
moment they are identified (e.g., incorrect player/position,
distractions, double bounces, etc.) but may also be enforced
any time before the next serve occurs.
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SECTION 9 – NON-VOLLEY-ZONE RULES
9.A. All volleys must be initiated outside of the non-volley zone.
For players using wheelchairs, the front (smaller) wheels may
touch the non-volley zone during a volley.
9.B. It is a fault if the volleying player or anything that has contact
with the volleying player while in the act of volleying,
touches the non-volley zone. For players using wheelchairs,
the front (smaller) wheels may touch the non-volley zone.
9.B.1. The act of volleying the ball includes the swing, the
follow-through, and the momentum from the action.
9.B.2. If the paddle touches the non-volley zone during the
volley motion, before or after contacting the ball, it is
a fault.
9.C. During the act of volleying, it is a fault if the volleying
player’s momentum causes the player to contact anything
that is touching the non-volley zone, including the player’s
partner. For players using wheelchairs, the front (smaller)
wheels may touch the non-volley zone.
9.C.1. It is a fault even if the ball becomes dead before the
player contacts the non-volley zone.
9.D. If a player has touched the non-volley zone for any reason,
that player cannot volley a return until both feet have made
contact with the playing surface completely outside the non-
volley zone. A maneuver such as standing within the non-
volley zone, jumping up to hit a volley, and then landing
outside the non-volley zone is a fault. If the rear wheels of a
wheelchair have touched the non-volley zone for any reason,
the player using a wheelchair cannot volley a return until
both rear wheels have made contact with the playing surface
outside the non-volley zone.
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9.E. A player may enter the non-volley zone at any time except
when that player is volleying the ball.
9.F. A player may enter the non-volley zone before or after
returning any ball that bounces.
9.G. A player may stay inside the non-volley zone to return a ball
that has bounced. There is no violation if a player does not
exit the non-volley zone after hitting a ball that bounces.
9.H. There is no violation if a player returns the ball while their
partner is standing in the non-volley zone.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 10 – TIME-OUT RULES
10.A. Standard Time-Out. A player or team is entitled to two
time-outs for 11- or 15-point games and three time-outs for
a 21-point game.
10.A.1. Each time-out period may last up to 1 minute.
10.A.2. Play may be resumed early if all players are ready.
10.A.3. If a team has any remaining time-outs, any player on
that team may call a time-out before the next serve
occurs.
10.A.4. Before the serve occurs, if a team calls a time-out
while having no time-outs remaining, no penalty shall
be called.
10.A.5. The referee will announce when there are 15 seconds
remaining. At the end of the time-out period, the
referee shall call “time in” and then call the score
when all players are (or should be) ready to play.
10.B. Medical Time-Out. A player needing medical attention
during a match should request a medical time-out from the
referee. Once the medical time-out has been requested, the
following guidelines shall be used:
10.B.1. The referee shall immediately summon on-site
medical personnel, or the Tournament Director if no
medical personnel are present, to assess the situation
and render appropriate first aid.
10.B.1.a. When medical personnel or the Tournament
Director arrive, the referee shall start the 15-
minute timer.
10.B.2. If medical personnel, or the Tournament Director if
no medical personnel are present, determine that a
valid medical condition exists, then that player will be
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
allowed no more than 15 minutes for the medical
time-out.
10.B.2.a. The time-out must be continuous and may
be up to 15 minutes. If the player uses fewer
than 15 minutes, the remaining time is lost
and no additional medical time will be
available to the player during the match.
10.B.2.b. If the player cannot resume play after the
15-minute medical time-out period, the
match will be declared a retirement.
10.B.3. If medical personnel, or the Tournament Director if
no medical personnel are present, determine that no
valid medical condition exists, the player or team will
be charged a standard time-out, if available, and
issued a technical warning.
10.B.3.a. If a standard time-out is not available, then
a technical foul will be issued.
10.B.3.b. The medical time-out is no longer available
to that player for that match.
10.B.3.c. A player may be granted only one player-
requested medical time-out per match.
10.B.4. Rule 10.A.5. shall be used to continue play
10.B.5. Presence of blood. If blood is present on a player or
on the court, play may not resume until the bleeding
has been controlled and blood on clothing and the
court has been removed.
10.B.5.a. Issues relating solely to blood cleanup or
control will be considered a referee time-
out.
10.B.5.b. Rule 10.A.5 shall be used to continue play.
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10.C. Continuous Play. Play should be continuous, although
players are permitted to quickly take a drink or towel off in
between rallies as long as, in the judgment of the referee, the
flow of the game is not adversely impacted. The referee shall
call the score when play should be resumed.
10.D.Equipment Time-Outs. Players are expected to keep all
apparel and equipment in good playable condition and are
expected to use regular time-outs and time between games
for adjustments and replacement of equipment. If a player or
team is out of time-outs and the referee determines that an
equipment change or adjustment is necessary for fair and
safe continuation of the match, the referee may award an
equipment time-out of up to 2 minutes. Rule 10.A.5 will be
used to continue play.
10.D.1. Apparel and equipment adjustments that can be
accomplished quickly are allowed between rallies
(e.g., tying shoelaces, cleaning glasses, adjusting hat).
10.E. Time Between Games. The standard time between games is
2-minutes. Rule 10.A.5 shall be used to continue play.
10.E.1. In between games of a match, players may take one
or both of their upcoming game’s timeouts. The
players must inform the referee, or their opponents if
there is no referee. If a team returns to play before
one (or both) requested time-outs have started, the
team retains the time-out(s) for the upcoming game.
The normal two minutes in between games will be
used before any team-allotted timeouts.
10.F. Time Between Matches. The standard time between
matches is 10 minutes. If all players are ready to play prior to
10 minutes, the match may be started early.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
10.F.1. In a championship match with a tie-breaker match: If
the winner of the loser’s bracket defeats the winner
of the winner’s bracket, then a tie-breaker match to
15 points must be played. The standard time between
the championship match and the tie-breaker match is
10 minutes.
10.G. Suspended Games. A game suspended due to extenuating
circumstances shall be resumed with the same server, score,
and remaining time-outs as when interrupted.
10.H. Other Time-Out Rules.
10.H.1. Before A Match or Between Games: Neither medical
nor regular time-outs may be taken before a match
starts. A match cannot begin until all players are
present and the starting score is called. Time-out(s)
may be used before the start of the second or third
game in a two-out-of-three game match.
10.H.2. Extenuating Circumstances: The referee may call a
referee time-out to address extenuating
circumstances that may require an extended
interruption of play.
10.H.2.a. In the interest of safety, if the referee
determines a potential medical situation
exists, (for example, heat exhaustion, heat
stroke, etc.) and the player is unable to or
refuses to call a medical timeout, the referee
is authorized to call a referee time-out and
summon medical personnel or the
Tournament Director. Referee requested
medical time-outs will not be charged
against the player.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
10.H.2.b. Active bleeding shall be addressed in
accordance with Rule 10.B.5.
10.H.2.c. Foreign substances on the court, such as
debris, water or other fluids, shall be
removed or cleaned up.
10.H.2.d. Rule 10.A.5 shall be used to resume play.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 11 – OTHER RULES
11.A. Double Hits. Balls can be hit twice, but this must occur
during an unintentional, continuous, single-direction stroke,
by one player. If the stroke made while performing the serve
or during a rally is deliberately not continuous, or not in a
single direction, or the ball is struck by a second player, it is a
fault.
11.B. Switching Hands. A paddle may be switched from hand to
hand at any time.
11.C. Two-Handed Shots. Two-handed shots are allowed.
11.D.Missed Shot. A player completely missing the ball when
attempting to strike it does not create a dead ball. The ball
remains in play until it bounces twice or until any other fault
occurs.
11.E. Broken or Cracked Ball. If a referee is present, players may
appeal to the referee before the serve occurs to determine if
a ball is broken or cracked. If the appeal is before the serve
occurs, the referee will stop play, inspect the ball, and either
replace it or return it into play. The referee will recall the
score. In non-officiated matches, players may replace a
cracked ball before the serve occurs. If any player suspects
the ball is or becomes cracked after the serve, play must
continue until the end of the rally. If, in the judgment of the
referee, a broken or cracked ball impacted the outcome of a
rally, the referee will call for a replay with a replacement ball.
In non-officiated play, if the players do not agree that a
cracked ball impacted the outcome of the rally, the rally
stands as played.
11.F. Injury During Rally. The rally continues to its conclusion
despite an injury to any of the players.
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11.G. Player Equipment Problem. A rally will not be stopped if a
player loses or breaks a paddle or loses an item, unless the
action results in a fault.
11.H. Items on the Court. If any item a player is/was wearing or
carrying lands on their side of the court, unless the item
lands in the non-volley zone as a result of a volley, the ball
remains in play even if it hits the item.
11.I. Plane of the Net. Crossing the plane of the net prior to
striking the ball is a fault. After striking the ball, a player or
anything the player is/was wearing or carrying may cross the
plane of the net. The player may not touch any part of the
net system, the opponent’s court, or the opponent while the
ball is still in play.
11.I.1. Exception: If the ball bounces into a receiving player’s
court with enough backspin or wind aid to cause it to
return to the other side of the net, the receiving
player may cross the plane of the net (over, under or
around the net post) to hit the ball. It is a fault if the
receiving player (or anything the receiving player is
wearing or carrying) crosses the plane of the net
before the ball has first crossed back over the plane
of the net to the opponent’s side. It is a fault if the
player touches the net system, the opponent’s court,
or the opponent while the ball is still in play.
11.J. Distractions. Players may not distract an opponent when
the opponent is about to play the ball. If in the judgment of
the referee a distraction has occurred, the referee shall
immediately call a fault on the offending team.
11.K. The Net Posts. The net posts (including connected wheels,
arms, or other support construction) are positioned out of
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
bounds. It is a fault if a player contacts the net post while the
ball is in play.
11.K.1. A ball contacting the net, the net cable, or rope
between the net posts remains in play.
11.L. The Net.
11.L.1. The net and the wires or strings holding up the net
are positioned (mostly) on the court. Therefore, if the
ball strikes the top of the net or strikes the top net
wire or string and lands inbounds, it remains in play.
11.L.2. If the ball travels between the net and the net post, it
is a fault against the striking player.
11.L.3. A player is allowed to go around the net post and
cross the imaginary extension line of the net after
hitting the ball, so long as the player or any item he
or she is/was wearing or carrying does not touch the
opponent’s court. If the player goes around the net
post and crosses the imaginary extension line of the
net but does not make contact with the ball, a fault
will be declared.
11.L.4. If a player hits the ball over the net into the
opponent’s court, and then the ball bounces back
over the net and bounces a second time without
being touched by the opponent, the striking player
wins the rally.
11.L.5. For net systems with a horizontal bar that includes a
center base:
11.L.5.a. Before going over the net, if the ball hits the
horizontal bar or the center base, it is a
fault.
11.L.5.b. Except on the serve, if the ball goes over the
net and hits the center base, or any part of
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the horizontal bar, or the ball gets caught
between the net and the horizontal bar, a
replay will be called. Other than on the
serve, if the ball goes over the net and
bounces on the court and then performs
any of the 3 above listed actions, a replay
shall occur.
11.L.5.c. On the serve, if the ball hits the horizontal
bar or the center base or gets caught
between the net and horizontal bar after
going over the net, it is a fault.
11.L.5.d. Any malfunction of a net system during play
shall be considered a hinder.
11.M. Shots Around the Net Post. A player may return the ball
around the outside of the net post.
11.M.1. The ball does not need to travel back over the net.
11.M.2. There is no restriction on the height of the return,
meaning a player may return the ball around the net
post below the height of the net.
11.N. One Paddle. A player shall not use or carry more than one
paddle during a rally. A violation of this rule is a fault.
11.O.Paddle Possession. A player must have possession of the
paddle when it makes contact with the ball. A violation of
this rule is a fault.
11.P. Electronic Equipment. Players shall not wear or use any
form of headphones or earbuds during competition play.
Exception: Prescribed or necessary hearing aids are
permitted.
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USA PICKLEBALL & IFP Official Rulebook (2022)
SECTION 12 – SANCTIONED TOURNAMENT POLICIES
12.A. Event Categories.
Men: Singles and Doubles
Women: Singles and Doubles
Mixed: Doubles
Wheelchair: Singles and Doubles
12.A.1. In events described by gender, only members of that
gender shall be allowed to play in that event.
12.A.2. Mixed doubles – A mixed doubles team shall consist
of one male and one female player.
12.A.3. Players using wheelchairs may play in Men’s Doubles,
Women’s Doubles or Mixed Doubles with either
standup partners or wheelchair doubles.
12.B. Tournament Scoring Options. The recommended
tournament scoring option is best two of three games to 11
points, win by 2 points. Other options include: best three of
five games to 11 points, one game to 15 or one game to 21.
All formats win by 2 points. Round Robins may also use one
game to 11, win by 2, as long as the bracket has six or more
teams.
12.C. Tournament Formats. There are five tournament formats
that may be used. The particular format is typically the
choice of the tournament sponsor or the Tournament
Director.
12.C.1. Single Elimination with Consolation. The first player
or team to score the match-winning point by at least
a 2-point margin wins. Losers from all rounds go into
a consolation bracket playing for the bronze
medal/third place and are eliminated after a second
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loss. The final two players or teams in the winner’s
bracket play for the gold/first-place and
silver/second-place medals.
12.C.2. Double Elimination. The first player or team to score
the match-winning point by at least a 2-point margin
wins. A loss will put the loser into the consolation
bracket. Players or teams are eliminated after one
loss in the consolation bracket. The winner of the
consolation bracket will play the winner of the
winner’s bracket for the championship. If the winner
of the consolation bracket defeats the winner of the
winner’s bracket, then a tie-breaker match to 15
points must be played to determine the gold/first-
place and silver/second-place medals. The loser of
the consolation bracket final will receive the
bronze/third-place medal.
12.C.3. Round Robin. All players or teams play each other.
Games may use any of the approved tournament
scoring options. (See Rule 12.B.) The winner is
determined based on number of matches won. If two
or more teams are tied:
12.C.3.a. First tie-breaker: head-to-head matches
won.
12.C.3.b. Second tie-breaker: point differential of all
games played. (e.g., Team A won Match 1
11-8, 11-4, so they would have a point
differential of +10. Team A then wins the
second match 11-9, 2-11, 11-6. For this
round, they would have a point differential
of -2. This would give them a total for the
day of +8.)
12.C.3.c. Third tie-breaker: head-to-head point
differential.
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12.C.3.d. Fourth tie-breaker: point differential against
next-highest team. (e.g., If the teams are
tied for second, use point differentials
against the first-place team.)
12.C.4. Pool Play. The participants are divided into two or
more player pools. Each pool plays a round robin to
determine the qualifiers that put the players into a
single-elimination or double-elimination playoff.
12.C.5. Non-Pool Play. The participants are seeded based on
the results of the Round Robin and play either a
single or double elimination medal round format of 2
of 3 games to 11, one game to 15, or 1 game to 21.
Each format is win by 2 points.
12.D.Draws and Seeding. A draw and seeding committee shall be
appointed by the Tournament Director to rank the players
and teams and set up a fair draw for each event.
12.E. Notice of Matches. It is the responsibility of each player to
check the posted schedules to determine the time and place
of each match. If any change is made in the schedule after
the initial posting, the Tournament Director or their
designated representative shall notify the players of the
changes.
12.F. Retirements and Withdrawals.
12.F.1. After the initial score has been called to start the
match, the only option available for a player/team to
discontinue playing the match until completion is
Retirement.
12.F.2. During a match, if a player/team cannot immediately
continue after the 15-minute medical time-out period
has expired, a Retirement will be imposed.
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12.F.3. The player/team must make a Retirement request
during the match to either the referee or the
opposing player/team.
12.F.4. The player/team who requests a Retirement during a
match, or a player/team on which a rule-based Forfeit
has been imposed, will have all score(s) reported per
the guidelines in the Retirement Scoring section. (See
Rule 12.F.6.a)
12.F.4.a. If applicable, a player/team is still eligible for
the next match in the same bracket after
choosing a Retirement option for a previous
match.
12.F.4.b. A player/team may request a Retirement for
any upcoming match in the specified
bracket.
12.F.5. Withdrawals:
12.F.5.a. A player/team may request to be withdrawn
from any scheduled bracket(s) that have not
been started by tournament operations
personnel.
12.F.5.b. If a player/team has completed any
matches, the player/team may request to be
withdrawn from all upcoming matches in
that bracket. The request must be made
prior to the initial score being called to start
their next match.
12.F.5.c. The player/team must make their
Withdrawal request to either the
Tournament Director, Head Referee or
operations desk personnel.
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12.F.5.d. The withdrawn player/team shall be
removed from any future participation in
the specified bracket.
12.F.5.e. The withdrawn player/team shall have all
scores reported per the guidelines in the
Withdrawal Scoring section. (See Rule
12.F.7.)
12.F.6. Forfeit, Ejections and Retirement Match Scoring
Guidelines
12.F.6.a. Actual game scores at the time of
retirement shall be reported for the team
that retires. The opponents shall be
awarded all points necessary for proper
match completion, ensuring a two-point
margin. For example, in Game 1 of a 2-out-
of-3 match, a team with 10 points retires
when the score is 10-5. The final scores will
be recorded as:
“12-10, 11-0”
Game scores after a rule-based forfeit shall
be reported as:
2/3 Format: “11-0, 11-0”
15/21 Format: “15-0” or “21-0”
12.F.6.b. If a player/team elects the Retirement
option or a Forfeit has been imposed for the
match, (and the Withdrawal option has not
been chosen) the player/team may continue
to compete in any upcoming matches.
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12.F.6.c. All previous completed match scores, prior
to an Ejection, Forfeit or a player
Retirement, will be retained.
12.F.7. Withdrawal Scoring Guidelines for Remaining
Matches.
12.F.7.a. 2 out of 3 Format: 0-0, 0-0
1 Game to 15 Format: 0-0
1 Game to 21 Format: 0-0
12.F.7.b. Scores for all matches completed prior to
the Withdrawal request will be retained.
12.G. Two-Match Minimum. In all USA PICKLEBALL-/IFP-
sanctioned tournaments, each entrant shall be entitled to
participate in a minimum of two scheduled matches per
event entered.
12.H. Scheduling Matches. A player is not permitted to enter
multiple events scheduled on the same day with an
overlapping time frame.
12.I. Doubles Play. A doubles team shall consist of two players
who meet the classification requirements to participate in a
particular division of play.
12.I.1. In an event based upon skill rating, the higher-rated
player determines the team’s ability level. In an adult
event (ages 19 and over) based upon age grouping,
the lowest age of the team members will determine
the team’s age classification. Players may play in a
younger division unless prohibited by the rules of the
National Senior Games Association.
12.I.2. Juniors (ages 18 and under) may enter any junior
event for which they are age qualified. If a junior
event is not available or does not receive enough
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entrants, or at the Tournament Director’s permission,
juniors may play as adults in the 19-and-over events.
12.J. Partner change may be made prior to the first-round match,
with the consent of the Tournament Director, if the change is
due to injury, illness, or circumstances beyond the control of
the player.
12.J.1. Under no circumstances can a partner change be
made after the partners have begun team play.
12.K. Court Changes. In USA PICKLEBALL-/IFP-sanctioned
tournaments, the Tournament Director or designee may
decide on a change of courts after the completion of any
tournament game if such a change will accommodate better
spectator or playing conditions.
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SECTION 13 – TOURNAMENT MANAGEMENT AND
OFFICIATING
13.A. Tournament Director. A Tournament Director is responsible
for the tournament. It is the Tournament Director’s
responsibility to designate the officials and their areas of
responsibility.
13.A.1. A player may appeal any officiating decision to the
Tournament Director or their designee. The
Tournament Director, however, retains the final
decision-making authority while following the
applicable rule in the Official Rulebook.
13.A.2. In all USA PICKLEBALL-/IFP-sanctioned tournaments,
the Tournament Director will provide some method
of identifying each team’s starting server for each
game. This identification must be visible to all on the
court during play. Refusal to wear this identification
will result in forfeit of the match.
13.A.3. The Tournament Director should check to ensure that
planned support (e.g., first aid, tournament
volunteers, etc.) is available.
13.A.4. The Tournament Director has the authority to expel
any player from the tournament for misconduct.
13.B. Tournament Briefing. Before the tournament, the
Tournament Director shall brief players and referees on any
unique features, abnormal local conditions, or hazards
associated with the courts. The briefings may include but are
not limited to court distances that are not uniform (such as
the distance from end line to back fence or barrier), low
ceilings, existence of overhangs, court repairs, or damage
that could affect the play of the ball. If possible, the players
should be notified in writing as part of the pre-tournament
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instructions. The referees shall be briefed upon arrival at the
venue by the Tournament Director or their designee.
13.B.1. The Tournament Director may not implement or
impose any rule that is not provided in the USA
Pickleball/IFP Rulebook. If the Tournament Director
desires an exception to any rule because of physical
limitations of the court or local conditions, the USA
Pickleball Director of Officiating must grant
permission before the tournament.
13.C. Referee’s Duties. The referee is responsible for all decisions
related to procedural and judgment calls during the match.
Players may appeal any decision of the referee to the
Tournament Director or their designee.
13.C.1. The referee calls non-volley-zone infractions, short
serves, and service foot faults.
13.C.2. If the players or line judges make the line calls and
there is a disputed line call, the players may request
that the referee determine the line call. If the referee
cannot make the line call, the player’s or line judge’s
call will remain. If doubles partners appeal a line call
that they disagree on and the referee cannot make
the call, the ball will be declared “in.” Note: A player
may choose to overrule a line call to their
disadvantage. (See Rule 6.D.13)
13.C.2.a. Spectators should not be consulted on any
calls.
13.C.3. Before each match begins, the referee must:
13.C.3.a. Check on preparation of the court with
respect to cleanliness, lighting, height of the
net, court markings, and hazards.
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13.C.3.b. Check on availability and suitability of
necessary materials for the match, such as
balls, score sheets, pencils, and the timing
device (stopwatch).
13.C.4. Before each match begins, the referee must meet
with players at courtside to:
13.C.4.a. Inspect paddles for irregularities.
13.C.4.b. Point out approved rule modifications, court
abnormalities and non-standard court
conditions that could be potential safety
issues, including but not limited to court
repairs or seams, different distances from
end lines to back fences, and spectators and
their seating.
13.C.4.c. Instruct players on line-calling duties of the
referee, line judges, and players. Note: This
requirement may be satisfied by the pre-
match player instructions provided by the
Tournament Director.
13.C.4.d. Use any fair method to determine the initial
selection of end, serve, receive, or defer.
13.C.4.e. Ensure the starting servers for each team are
wearing the official identification. Refusal to
wear the identification will result in forfeit of
the match.
13.C.5. During the match, the referee must:
13.C.5.a. Recheck the net height and position if the
net is disturbed.
13.C.5.b. Call the score to start each rally. Calling the
score indicates to each side that play is
ready to resume.
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13.C.5.c. Call “point” after each is awarded.
13.C.5.d. Appropriately annotate the score sheet after
each rally is completed or time-out is called.
13.C.5.e. In doubles matches, call “second server” (or
“second serve”) after the first server’s team
loses the rally.
13.C.5.f. Call “side out” when appropriate.
13.C.5.g. Enforce time-out procedures. (See Section
10.)
13.C.5.h. Maintain player conduct. In USA
PICKLEBALL/IFP tournaments, the referee is
empowered to call verbal warnings,
technical warnings, technical fouls, and to
forfeit a game or match based on a defined
combination of technical warnings and/or
technical fouls. The referee may also
recommend an ejection to the Tournament
Director.
13.D.Player Line and Fault Call Responsibilities.
13.D.1. Non-Officiated Play.
13.D.1.a. Players call all lines on their side of the
court, including NVZ and service foot faults.
13.D.1.b. Players may call NVZ faults and service foot
faults on the opponent’s side of the court. If
there is any disagreement among players
about the called fault, a replay shall occur.
13.D.1.c. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, players
are expected to call faults on themselves as
soon as the fault is committed or detected.
The fault call must happen before the next
serve occurs. For non-officiated matches, if a
player believes a player has committed a
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fault, they may mention the specific fault to
the player(s) but have no authority to
enforce the fault. The final decision on fault
resolution belongs to the player that
allegedly committed the fault. The exception
to which player has enforcement authority is
provided in Rule 13.D.1.b.
13.D.2. Officiated Play.
13.D.2.a. Players call baseline, sideline, and center
service line on their side of the court.
13.D.3. Officiated Play with Line Judges.
13.D.3.a. Players call center service line on their side
of the court.
13.D.3.b. Except for center service line calls, player’s
line calls are not valid in matches with line
judges, except to overrule a call to
disadvantage their own team (See Rule
6.D.13). Players may appeal a line call made
by the line judge to the referee. (See Rule
13.F.)
13.D.3.c. If the line judge(s) and referee cannot make
a line call, the rally shall be replayed.
13.E. Line Judges.
13.E.1. The Tournament Director shall determine which
medal matches will use line judges. Line judges are
recommended, but not required.
13.E.2. Line judges will make the assigned line and foot fault
calls within their jurisdiction and will signify by loudly
calling “out” (or “service foot fault”) and showing the
“out” signal (outstretched arm pointing in the out-of-
bounds direction).
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13.E.3. If a line judge shows the “blocked/blinded” signal,
(both hands covering the eyes) the referee can make
the call immediately if they clearly saw the ball land. If
the referee cannot make the call, the referee shall
canvass the remaining officiating team to assist in
making the call.
13.E.4. Upon appeal, if a referee overrules a line judge’s
“out” call as “in”, a replay will occur.
13.E.5. If a player disagrees with a line judge’s “out” call that
benefited their team, the player may overrule the
“out” call as “in” per rule 6.D.13. A replay will occur.
13.F. Appeals. Appeals to the referee regarding judgment calls
(e.g., line calls, double bounce, etc.) shall be decided by the
referee. The referee may consult players or line judges to
decide the outcome of the appeal.
13.F.1. In a match without line judges, if a player appeals a
line call to the referee, the referee shall make a call if
they clearly saw the ball land “in” or “out”. If the
referee is unable to make the call, the original call will
remain. If no call was made, the ball will be
considered “in”.
13.F.2. A referee’s decision will result in a point awarded, a
service loss, or a replay.
13.G. Verbal Warnings, Technical Warnings and Technical
Fouls.
13.G.1. Verbal Warning and Technical Warnings. The referee
is empowered to issue a single verbal warning to
each team or call technical warnings. Actions or
behavior that shall result in a verbal or technical
warning:
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13.G.1.a. Objectionable language directed at another
person.
13.G.1.b. Profanity (audible or visible) used for any
reason. The referee will determine the
severity of any violation.
13.G.1.c. Arguing aggressively with the officiating
team, other players or spectators in a way
that disrupts the flow of play.
13.G.1.d. Ball abuse (aggressively or purposely
breaking or stepping on the ball) or striking
the ball between rallies.
13.G.1.e. Taking time between rallies in a way that
unnecessarily disrupts the flow of play.
13.G.1.f. Repeatedly appealing line calls such that the
flow of play is disrupted.
13.G.1.g. Challenging the referee’s interpretation of a
rule and losing the challenge (e.g., referee’s
ruling was correct) and a time-out is
assessed. (Verbal Warning not applicable)
13.G.1.h. Requesting a medical time-out without a
valid medical condition (time-out assessed)
as determined by medical personnel or the
tournament director if no medical staff if
present. (Verbal Warning not applicable)
13.G.1.i. Actions that are considered minor
unsportsmanlike behavior, including but not
limited to making repeated questionable
‘out’ calls that, upon appeal, are reversed
(overruled) by the referee.
13.G.1.j. Except during time-outs and in-between
games, receiving coaching from anyone
other than a partner.
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13.G.2. Technical Fouls - The referee is empowered to call
technical fouls. When a technical foul is called, one
point shall be removed from the score of the
offending team unless their score is zero, in which
case, a point shall be added to the score of the
opposing side. Actions or behavior that shall result in
a technical foul (without a technical warning being
issued beforehand):
13.G.2.a. Aggressively or recklessly throwing a paddle
in frustration or anger, with negligent
disregard of the consequences, and does
not strike a person or damage property.
13.G.2.b. A player using extremely objectionable
language, or profanity, regardless of to
whom or what it is directed.
13.G.2.c. Making a threat or challenges of any nature
toward or against any person.
13.G.2.d. Challenging the referee’s interpretation of a
rule and losing the challenge (e.g., referee’s
ruling was correct) and no time-out is
available. (Verbal Warning not applicable)
13.G.2.e. Any other actions that are considered
extreme unsportsmanlike behavior.
13.G.2.f. Requesting a medical time-out without a
valid medical condition, and the team (or
player in a singles match) has no time-outs
remaining. (Verbal Warning not applicable)
13.G.2.g. Deliberately throwing or hitting a ball that is
not in play with negligent disregard of the
consequences which inadvertently hits a
person.
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13.G.3. Effect of Technical Fouls and Technical Warnings. The
assessment of a technical warning or technical foul
shall be accompanied by a brief explanation of the
reason.
13.G.3.a. A technical warning shall not result in a loss
of rally or point awarded.
13.G.3.b. Once a technical warning has been issued, a
second technical warning for any reason,
given to the same player or team during the
match, will result in a technical foul being
issued to the player or team.
13.G.3.c. If a referee issues a technical foul, one point
shall be removed from the score of the
offending team unless their score is zero, in
which case a point shall be added to the
score of the opposing side. After the point is
removed or awarded, the player or team
losing or awarded the point must move on
their own to the correct position(s) that
reflects their score.
13.G.3.d. A called technical warning or technical foul
shall have no effect on server change or side
out.
13.G.3.e. Verbal warnings, technical warnings and
technical fouls may be assessed any time
the players are at the court, independent of
whether the match is in progress. This
includes during warm-up time. Play shall not
be stopped to assess a warning or foul. The
assessment of the warning or foul shall be
applied after the rally has ended. Behavior
raising to the level of a warning or foul after
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the match is over shall be brought to the
attention of the Tournament Director.
13.H. Game Forfeit. The referee will impose a game forfeit when
either of the following occurs:
13.H.1. After one technical warning has been assessed and
the subsequent issuance of a technical foul listed in
Rule 13.G.2.
13.H.2. After one technical foul has been assessed in
accordance with Rule 13.G.3.c. or Rule 13.G.2. and the
subsequent issuance of another technical warning for
any reason.
13.H.3. For match formats either 1 to 15 or 1 to 21, a game
forfeit is equivalent to a match forfeit.
13.H.4. If the match is a two-out-of-three (or three-out-of-
five) game format, a referee may impose a game
forfeit when a player fails to report to play 10 minutes
after the match has been called to play. A match
forfeit will be imposed when a player fails to report to
play 15 minutes after the match has been called to
play. If the match is a 1 to 15 or 1 to 21 format game,
the match forfeit occurs when the player fails to
report to play 10 minutes after the match has been
called to play. The Tournament Director may permit a
longer delay if circumstances warrant such a decision.
13.I. Match Forfeit. The referee will impose a match forfeit based
on a combination of Technical Warnings or Technical Fouls
when either of the following occurs:
13.I.1. The combined issuance of two technical warnings
and a technical foul listed in Rule 13.G.2
13.I.2. After one technical foul has been assessed in
accordance with Rule 13.G.3.c or Rule 13.G.2 and the
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subsequent issuance of a second technical foul for
any reason.
13.I.3. Behavior that shall result in a match forfeit that is not
due to a combination of Technical Warnings or
Technical Fouls.
13.I.3.a. Making deliberately aggressive physical
contact with an opponent, official or
spectator.
13.I.3.b. Aggressively or recklessly striking or
throwing a ball or paddle out of frustration
or anger that puts an individual or facility
property at risk or in danger.
13.I.4. The Tournament Director may impose a match forfeit
for failure to comply with the tournament or host
facility’s rules while on the premises, or for improper
conduct on the premises between matches, or for
abuse of hospitality, locker room, or other rules and
procedures.
13.J. Rules Interpretations. If a player disagrees with a referee’s
ruling or decision, that player may challenge the referee’s
decision by asking for the Head Referee, Tournament
Director, or the Tournament Director’s designee. If the
referee’s ruling is determined to be correct, the player or
team will lose a time-out and be given a technical warning. If
no time-outs are available and the referee’s ruling is correct,
the player or team will be given a technical foul. (See
13.G.2.d) When the referee’s ruling is incorrect, the ruling will
be reversed and, if applicable, the rally will be replayed.
13.K. Removal of a Line Judge. The referee may remove a line
judge for any reasonable cause, based on either the referee's
own observation or that of the players. If the referee decides
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to replace a line judge based on their own observation, the
referee's decision is final. The players may also petition the
referee to remove a line judge, providing all players agree. If
the referee does not agree, the referee must consult with the
Tournament Director for a final decision. If a line judge is
removed, the Tournament Director will appoint a
replacement.
13.K.1. Removal of a Referee. If all players agree, they may
petition the Tournament Director for a referee
removal. The Tournament Director retains the final
discretionary authority on the removal of a Referee. If
a Referee is removed, the Tournament Director will
appoint a replacement.
13.L. Non-Officiated Play. Any player may request a referee or
Tournament Director if:
13.L.1. The player reasonably believes that a rule is being
consistently and deliberately violated by their
opponent.
13.L.2. A situation arises where players are not able to
quickly and easily resolve a dispute.
13.M. The Tournament Director may eject a player from the
tournament for flagrant and particularly injurious behavior
that, in the opinion of the Tournament Director, impacts the
success of the tournament. An ejection can occur due to
actions any time the player is at the tournament venue and
may include, but is not limited to:
13.M.1. Using ethnic, religious, racial, sexist, or homophobic
slurs.
13.M.2. Injury to a player, official, or spectator through an act
of paddle or ball abuse.
13.M.3. Spitting or coughing on a person.
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13.M.4. Not exhibiting ‘best effort’. This includes but is not
limited to, defaulting, forfeiting, or not giving best
efforts in matches, whether for their own benefit or
otherwise.
Note: In addition to an ejection, the Tournament Director also has
the option to expel the player from the tournament venue.
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APPENDIX A
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play the sport, while also allowing for moderate innovation
as player skills and equipment develop and evolve.
3. The third priority is what’s best for officiating. It ‘tests’ rule
changes to make it less likely conflicts will occur between
players as well as between players and officials.
Guiding Principles
The USA Pickleball Official Rulebook covers a wide variety of rules
that cover the court and equipment, recreational and social play as
well as tournament play, officiated and non-officiated. The
following are Guiding Principles for those writing and approving
rules. To the extent possible, rules should:
1. Apply to all levels and categories of players; recreational
and social players, as well as professional and amateur
tournament players (officiated and non-officiated). Specific
rules for a single category of player, for example, the pro
level player, should be approved after careful consideration
and examination of how the rule change might impact the
sport beyond the pro level of competition.
2. Be written with a deterministic focus; i.e. from the
standpoint of ‘if this occurs, this is what happens’. If
something is not allowed or should not happen, the
consequences (for example: replay, fault, technical warning,
etc.) should be provided as part of the rule.
3. Center on that which should not occur, not on what is
permitted or allowed. Attempts to include rules describing
what is allowed will result in an unnecessarily lengthy
Rulebook.
4. Avoid ambiguity, player discretion, or referee judgment-
related rules. Such rules invite disagreements and
different interpretations. To this end, when a key word is
used to describe when a rule applies, the word should be
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defined as either a part of the rule or in the Definition
Section of the Rulebook.
5. Allow equipment manufacturers to innovate, as long as
such innovation does not overwhelm or outpace the
average player’s ability to keep up with the speed and
difficulty of the sport. Equipment-related rule changes
should be given particularly close scrutiny because of their
precedent-setting potential.
6. Have an element of precedent accorded to them. Change
for change sake should be avoided to avoid frustration
among or a loss of confidence by players.
7. Be written and approved that allow for an appropriate
degree of player innovation. Such innovation should
maintain a healthy balance between historical rules that
have been instrumental to the sport’s growth and appeal.
8. Preserve the unique features and rules of the sport
involving the Non-Volley Zone and the two-bounce rule
and preventing one shot or type of play to dominate the
sport.
9. Be written and approved to either address a known issue
or anticipate trends and needs of the sport before they
become necessary.
10. Be subjected to reviews and comments by domestic and
international stakeholders.
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INDEX
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defined 3.A.13 net posts 11.K
game 13.H net in play 11.L
match 13.I plane of net defined 3.A.25
scoring guidelines 12.F.6 specifications 2.C
Hinder 3.A.15 Paddle
fault rules 7.M one paddle 11.N
dead ball rules 8.C paddle possession 11.O
Incorrect player positions Paddle specifications 2.E
4.B.9, 4.B.10 alterations 2.E.5; 2.E.6
Injury during rally 11.F approved paddle 2.F.1
medical time-out 10.B grip adjustment 3.A.22
Line call rules 6 model designation 2.E.7
benefit of doubt 6.D.3; 6.D.9 prohibited alterations 2.E.6
called promptly 6.D.8; 6.D.10 size 2.E.3
called before bounce 6.D.11 surface 2.E.2
called after bounce 6.D.12 violation 2.F.1.a
definition 3.A.18 Permanent object 3.A.24;
point of contact 6.C 7.J, 8.D
requesting opponent help 6.D.6 Player positions 4.B
requesting referee help 6.D.3 questions to referee 4.B.8
Live ball 3.A.19 Playing surface 3.A.26
Missed shot 11.D Points 4.G
Non-volley zone (NVZ) Rally 3.A.27
defined 3.A.21 Receiver 3.A.28
volley momentum 9.B; 9.C, receiver faults 4.N
3.A.20 Referee/line judge removal
rules 9 13.K.
Not ready signals 4.C Replay 3.A.29
Net 2.C Cracked/broken ball 11.E
around the net post shot 11.M line call, officiated
ball spins back untouched play 13.D.3.c
11.L.4 wrong score called 4.K
bottom 2.C.6 Rules challenge 13.A.1
contact with 7.G
Sanctioned tournament 12
height 2.C.5
Scoring 4.F
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Select end serve, receive, or Technical warning 3.A.41;
defer 5.A 13.G.1
Serve Time allowances
calling score 4.D between games 5.B.2; 10.E
definition 3.A.34 between matches 10.F
drop serve 4.A.6 end change during game 5.B.6
first server 3.A.12 Time-out rules 10
horizontal bar w/center base called before serve occurs
11.L.5 10.A.4
identification, starting server before match or game 10.H.1
5.A.2; blood 10.B.5
readiness 4.C equipment time out 10.D
second serve 3.A.32 extenuating circumstances
second server 3.A.33 10.H.2
service court 3.A.36 continuous play 10.C
service faults 4.M medical time-out 10.B
service foot fault 4.L standard time-out 10.A
server 3.A.35 Tournament management
serving area 3.A.37 and officiating 13
starting server 3.A.39 appeals 13.F
(see starting server) forfeiture of game 13.H
volley serve 4.A.5 forfeiture of match 13.I
Side out 3.A.38 line judges 13.E
Singles player line/fault call
calling the score 4.I responsibilities 13.D
player positions 4.B.5 referee’s duties 13.C
Starting Server removal of referee or line judge
changing starting server 5.A.2 13.K, 13.K.1
definition 3.A.39 rules interpretation 13.J
identification band 5.A.3, 13.A.2, technical warning/foul 13.G
13.C.4.e tournament director 13.A
Switching Ends 5.B Two-bounce rule Page 7.A
Technical foul 3.A.40; Two-handed shot 11.C
13.G.2 ball contacting hands 7.H
Volley 3.A.42
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Winning the game page 1, scoring guidelines 12.F.7
4.H tournament rules 12.F.5
Withdraw 3.A.43 Wrong score called 4.K
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NOTES
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USA Pickleball Association (USA PICKLEBALL) and
International Federation of Pickleball (IFP)
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Printed in the United States of America