MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CIVIL ENGINEERING IN – HOUSE REVIEW

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

 Center of rigidity – point where the entire strength of the floor

 EARTHQUAKE – (known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is acts. It is a point through which the resultant of the resistance
the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the to the applied force acts.
sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that
 Eccentricity – difference between the location of the center of
creates seismic waves.
mass and rigidity that causes torsion.
Types of Earthquake:
 Story drift – lateral displacement of one level relative to the
- Tectonic Earthquake – occurs when the earth’s crust breaks story below or above.
due to geological forces on rocks and adjoining plates that
cause physical and chemical changes.
DESIGN BASE SHEAR
- Volcanic Earthquake – that results from tectonic forces which
occur in conjunction with volcanic activity. 𝐶𝑣 𝐼
- Collapse Earthquake – are small earthquake in underground 𝑉= 𝑊
𝑅𝑇
caverns and mines that are caused by seismic waves
produced from the explosion of rock on the surface.  The total design base shear need not exceed
- Explosion Earthquake – earthquake that is the result of the
2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼
detonation of a nuclear and chemical device. 𝑉𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 𝑊
𝑅
 Epicenter – is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above a  The total design base shear shall not be less than
hypercenter or focus.
𝑉𝑀𝐼𝑁 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊
 Hypocenter – the point where an earthquake or an
underground explosion originates.  In addition for Seismic Zone 4, the total base shear shall also
not be less than
 Focus – point where the earthquake begins
0.8𝑍𝑁𝑉 𝐼
 Seismology – branch of science concerned with earthquakes 𝑉𝑀𝐼𝑁 = 𝑊
𝑅
and related phenomena.

 Seismograph – instruments that measures and records details - Structure Period

of earthquakes such as force and duration.
𝑇 = 𝐶𝑇 (ℎ𝑛 )3/4
 Seismogram – record produced by a seismograph.
Where:
 Magnitude – measures the energy released at the source of Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment resisting frames
the earthquake. It is determined from measurements on Ct = 0.0731 for RC moment resisting frames
Ct = 0.0488 for all other buildings
seismographs.
- Additional Lateral force at the top
 Intensity – measures the strength of shaking produced by the
earthquake at a certain location. Intensity is determined from 𝐹𝑡 = 0.07𝑇𝑉
effects on people, human structures and the natural
environment.  Ft need not exceed 0.25V and may be considered zero
when T is 0.7 second or less. The remaining portion of the
 Center of mass – point representing the mean position of the base shear shall be distributed over the height of the
matter in a body or system. Point where the mass of the entire structure, including level n.
floor acts.
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CIVIL ENGINEERING IN – HOUSE REVIEW

- Vertical Distribution of Force 5. Determine the lateral force at the top floor.
A. 239 B. 316 C. 379 D. 0
𝑛

𝑉 = 𝐹𝑡 + ∑ 𝐹𝑖 6. Determine the effective spectral acceleration at the top floor.

𝑛=1 A. 2.34 B. 3.72 C. 0 D. 3.10

(𝑉 − 𝐹𝑡 )𝑤𝑥 ℎ𝑥 SITUATION: Given the following data:

𝐹𝑥 = Structure: Two – story reinforced concrete SMRF residential
∑𝑛𝑛=1 𝑤𝑖 ℎ𝑖
Seismic Zone: 4
- Simplified Design Base Shear Ca = 0.44 I = 1.0 R = 8.5
Weight of the top floor: 800kN
3.0𝐶𝑎 3.0𝐶𝑎 Weight of the second floor: 600kN
𝑉= 𝑊 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑊
𝑅 𝑅 Using simplified base shear:
7. Determine the value of the design base shear in kN
- Lateral force on elements of structures, non – structural A. 243 B. 223 C. 217 D. 232
components and equipment supported by structures.
8. Determine the lateral force at the top floor.
𝑎𝑝 𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑃 3ℎ𝑥 A. 127 B. 133 C. 124 D. 167
𝐹𝑝 = (1 + ) 𝑊𝑝
𝑅𝑝 ℎ𝑛
9. Determine the lateral force at the second floor.
- Maximum and minimum values for lateral force on elements of A. 93 B. 103 C. 82 D. 79
structures
SITUATION: Given a 4.5m high cantilever steel column having a lump
Fpmax = 4CaIpWp weight of 180kN and moment of inertia, I = 20x106 mm^4
10. Determine the stiffness of the column.
Fpmin = 0.7CaIpWp A. 132 B. 182 C. 172 D. 162

11. Determine the angular frequency.

A. 3.57 B. 3.06 C. 2.68 D. 1.69
SITUATION: A six story concrete special moment resisting frame
building has the following information: 12. Determine the natural period of vibration.
Occupancy Category: Essential facilities, I = 1.25 A. 3.54 B. 2.64 C. 4.64 D. 2.34
Distance to seismic source: 10km
Soil profile type: Sc SITUATION: A four storey building structure has a rigid equipment.
Location: Metro Manila Seismic source type: A Identical equipment is located at the base and at the roof of the building.
Nv = 1.2 Cv = 0.56Nv Height of each floor = 3m
Ca = 0.4 R = 8.5 Ca = 0.40 ap = 1.0 Wp = 250kN
Average height of each floor: 3.5m I = 1.0 Rp = 1.5
Weight of each floor: 2000kN 13. Determine the design lateral seismic force at the base.
Weight of roof deck: 1000kN A. 67 B. 87 C. 70 D. 90

1. Determine the value of the design base shear in kN. 14. Determine the design lateral seismic force at the top.
A. 1516 B. 1618 C. 605 D. 621 A. 267 B. 400 C. 200 D. 378

2. Determine the value of the maximum base shear. SITUATION: A three-story steel moment resisting frame is subjected to
A. 1516 B. 1618 C. 605 D. 621 lateral forces 75kN, 175kN and 200kN at level 2, 3 and 4 respectively
with their corresponding stiffness 800kN/mm, 400kN/mm and
3. Determine the value of the minimum base shear. 300kN/mm.
A. 1516 B. 1618 C. 605 D. 621 15. Determine the story drift at level 2.
A. 0.56 B. 0.66 C. 1.5 D. 0.09
4. Determine the value of the additional lateral force at the top in kN.
A. 76 B. 379 C. 239 D. 316 16. Determine the lateral displacement at level 2, 3 and 4.