Ministries

Yahya Khan
He was born on 4 February 1917 in Chakwal in a Qazalbash family that hailed from
Peshawar. Yahya Khan became the second Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan
on 25 March 1969 since his predecessor, Ayub Khan failed to desist the uprising of the
politicians and the people throughout the country and couldn’t prolong his political
authority.
During the political crisis that was going to put an end to Ayub Khan’s reign, Yahya
Khan thought of taking over the regime but never really “planned” to become the head
of the state. In fact, before becoming the president of the country he was under the
assumption that politics was more or less like supervising military matters but it was
only when he came face to face with the problems of politics he realized his grave
mistake of what he conjectured. Thus his reign is marked by his considerable
dependency on the so-called experts of various domains and disciplines.
His political reign was marked by these significant features:
a: Legal Framework Order 1970
b: Dissolution of One-Unit
c: Holding of Pakistan’s first free elections on adult franchise
d: The sweeping success of the Pakistan Peoples Party in West Pakistan and of Awami
League in East Pakistan that ended up triggering drastic political differences between
the two wings of the country.
e: The war of 1971 and the division of Pakistan into two independent states.
After the fall of Dacca, the people of West Pakistan rushed on the streets declaring
Yahya and his comrades as ‘traitors’ and asked for his resignation. So under strong
public protest and pressure, he had to and ask Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, President of the PPP
to form the government. Later on, in 1972, Yahya Khan was sentenced to house arrest.
He died on 10 August 1980.
Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan was born on May 14, 1907, in Rihana near Haripur district that is located in
North West Frontier Province (now Khyber-Pakhtoonkhoah) of Pakistan.
Under the commandment of Sikandar Mirza, he abrogated the constitution of 1956 and
promulgated Martial law in the country on 7th October 1958. Soon he dismissed the
president on 27th October 1958 and became the CMLA of Pakistan.
Ayub Khan lifted Martial Law in 1962 and a new constitution was enforced in the
country. The turning point in his reign was the Indo-Pak War of 1965 which ended in a
settlement reached by Ayub at Tashkent, called the Tashkent Declaration. The whole
nation felt deceived at this act of Ayub Khan;
Salient Features of 1962 Constitution of Pakistan

Introduction to 1962 Constitution of Pakistan
After 9 years of hard labour Pakistan was able to frame its first constitution. But due to
unparliamentary role of those who were at the helm of affairs, it lived shortly. Martial
Law was imposed, and the constitution was abrogated. Muhammad Ayub Khan
appointed a commission which had to prepare a draft constitution. The commission
submitted its report but behind the scene Gen. Azam Khan and Manzoor Quader
prepared another report, which was accepted by the military regime as the new
constitution, which was implemented on June 8, 1962 under which Pakistan was
declared a republic with Presidential system and unicameralism.
The Salient Features of 1962 Constitution of Pakistan are as follows:
 Federal System
 A Written and Detailed Document
 Islamic Provisions
 Position of the President
 Unicameral Legislature
 Indirect Section
 Independence of Judiciary
 Fundamental Rights add Principles of Policy
 Provincial Governments
Many historians and political analysts consider him responsible for the dismemberment
of East Pakistan. After a long illness, he breathed his last on 19th April 1974.
Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq proclaimed Martial Law in 1977 and assumed the office
of the President of the country. The then government had to issue several martial law
regulations to effectively control the aggravating situation in the country. There is one
strong opinion which has effectively prevailed over the years and that is hat the process
of Islamization, in fact, began the day the Qadianis were declared as non-Muslims on
their negation of the finality of Prophethood in 1974. The opinion seems to carry some
weight as the action of the Government of Mr.
Z. A. Bhutto, declaring the Qadianis as non-Muslims, was understood as a step to have

been taken for the safeguard of the basic teens of Islam. However, it was the martial
law regime under General Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq which took practical steps for the
process of Islamization. T
he Islamization Programme: - The Islamization programme of General Muhammed Zia-
ul-Haq contained the following steps. 1. Hood Ordinance.
2.Qazaf Ordinance.
3. Nizaam-e-Salt Committees.
4. Zakat Ordinance.
5. User Ordinance. (a). Central Zakat Council. (b). Provincial Zakat Council. (c).District
Zakat Committee. (d). Tehsil Zakat Committee.
6. Establishment of Federal Sharing Court.
7. Interest Free Banking.
8.Compulsory teaching of Pakistan Studies and Islamic.
9. Ordinance for the sanctity of Roman-ul-Mubarak.
10. Ban of Nudity.
11. Arabic News.
12.Use of Dopatta.
13. Majlis-e-Shoora. in contravention to this Ordinance was liable to three yeas
imprisonment and a fine of RS. 500 /-.
However, hospitals, railway stations, seaports, bus stands, trains and airports were
exempted from this Ordinance. The Government in order to make Pakistan a real
Islamic State strived hard to introduce Islamic System in the country. The Government
for this reason needed staunch support and cooperation from the masses.
Pervez Musharraf
General Pervez Musharraf’s period, also known as the era of martial law and major
reforms, started from 12 October 1999 and ended on 18 August 2008. This time period is
the most important time period in Pakistan’s history. 12th October, 1999, a black day for
the democracy of Pakistan. On this day, Nawaz Sharif desired to remove General
Musharraf from the post of Chief of Army Staff, because of the conflicts between him and
General Pervez Musharraf.
General Pervez Musharraf was, overall, good for the country just because of the reason
that the country’s economy developed immensely and showed ability under this military
rule. He made many major reforms during his reign. Musharraf had been involved in a
number of domestic reforms after the 9/11 incident in weakening the activities and ideas
of the militants and terrorists against Pakistan. He also tried to secularize the Pakistan’s
government, as a plan, by announcing some of his reforms.
Over the next several years, Musharraf survived a number of assassination attempts.
He reinstated the constitution in 2002, though it was heavily amended with the Legal
Framework Order (LFO)—a provision of which extended his term as president for
another five years. The poor performance of Musharraf’s party in the February 2008
parliamentary elections was widely seen as a rejection of the president and his rule. The
elections yielded an opposition coalition headed by Sharif and Asif Ali Zardari, the
widower of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto, who had been assassinated in
December 2007. Citing grave constitutional violations, the governing coalition moved in
early August 2008 to begin impeachment proceedings against Musharraf, and, faced
with the impending charges, Musharraf announced his resignation on August 18.

Ministries

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ministries

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yahya Khan

mistake of what he conjectured. Thus his reign is marked by his considerable

dependency on the so-called experts of various domains and disciplines.

His political reign was marked by these significant features:

a: Legal Framework Order 1970

c: Holding of Pakistan’s first free elections on adult franchise

the two wings of the country.

He died on 10 August 1980.

settlement reached by Ayub at Tashkent, called the Tashkent Declaration. The whole

nation felt deceived at this act of Ayub Khan;

Salient Features of 1962 Constitution of Pakistan

The Salient Features of 1962 Constitution of Pakistan are as follows:

Z. A. Bhutto, declaring the Qadianis as non-Muslims, was understood as a step to have

You might also like