MASONRY WORKS:

TABLE 2-1     QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR MORTAR AND PLASTER
MIXTURE PER CUBIC METER
           
Cement in Bags Sand
Class Mixture
40 kgs. 50 kgs. Cubic M.
A 1:02 18 14.5 1
B 1:03 12 9.5 1
C 1:04 9 7 1
D 1:05 7.5 6 1

TABLE 2-2     QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND  FOR CHB MORTAR PER 
SQUARE METER WALL

Bags Cement
Size of No. per 40 kg. 50 kg. Sand
CHB cm. sq. m. Mixture Mixture cu. m.
B C D B C D
10 x 20 x
12.5 0.525 0.394 0.328 0.416 0.306 0.263 0.0438
40
15 x 20 x
12.5 1.013 0.759 0.633 0.802 0.591 0.506 0.0844
40
20 x 20 x
12.5 1.5 1.125 0.938 1.188 0.875 0.75 0.125
40

TABLE 2-3     QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND PER 100 BLOCKS

40 kg. Cement in Bags
CHB Size Mixture sand
B C D
10 x 20 x
4.2 3.152 2.624 0.35
40
15 x 20 x
8.104 6.072 5.064 0.675
40
20 x 20 x
12 9 7.504 1
40

TABLE 2-4     QUANTITY OF CEMENT AND SAND FOR PLASTERING PER

SQUARE METER
Mixture 40 kg. Cement
16 mm. 20 mm. 25 m.
Class
Thick Thick Thick
A 0.288 0.36 0.45
B 0.192 0.24 0.3
C 0.144 0.18 0.225
D 0.12 0.15 0.188
Sand 0.016 0.02 0.025
TABLE 2-5     QUANTITY OF CEMENT, SAND AND GRAVEL FOR CHB FOOTING
PER METER  LENGTH

Dimension Cement in Bags

Aggregate
Centimeters Class Mixture
40 kg. Cement 50 kg. Cement Sand Gravel
t w A B A B cu. m. cu. m.
10 30 0.27 0.225 0.21 0.18 0.015 0.03
10 35 0.315 0.263 0.245 0.21 0.018 0.035
10 40 0.36 0.3 0.28 0.24 0.02 0.04
10 50 0.45 0.38 0.35 0.3 0.025 0.05
15 40 0.54 0.45 0.42 0.36 0.03 0.06
15 45 0.608 0.506 0.473 0.405 0.034 0.068
15 50 0.675 0.563 0.525 0.45 0.038 0.075
15 60 0.81 0.675 0.63 0.54 0.045 0.09
20 40 0.72 0.6 0.56 0.48 0.04 0.08
20 50 0.9 0.75 0.7 0.6 0.05 0.1
20 60 1.08 0.9 0.84 0.72 0.06 0.12

TABLE 3-5     LENGTH OF STEEL BAR REINFORCEMENT FOR CHB

Vertical Horizontal
Spacing
Reinforcement Reinforcement
Spacing
Length of Bars in Length of Bars in
cm.
Meter Meter
per sq. per sq.
per block Layer per block
M. M.
40 0.235 2.93 2 0.264 3.3
60 0.171 2.13 3 0.172 2.15
80 0.128 1.6 4 0.138 1.72

TABLE 3-6     KILOGRAMS OF No. 16 G.I. WIRE FOR CHB REINFORCEMENT

PER SQUARE METER

Horizonta
Vertical Kilograms per Square Meter
l
Layer 25 cm. 30 cm.
Spacing 40 cm. tie
Spacing tie tie
40 2 0.054 0.065 0.086
40 3 0.039 0.047 0.063
40 4 0.024 0.029 0.039
60 2 0.036 0.044 0.057
60 3 0.026 0.032 0.042
60 4 0.02 0.024 0.032
80 2 0.027 0.033 0.044
80 3 0.02 0.024 0.032
 80 4 0.015 0.018 0.024
Note: 25 cm and 30 cm tie wire is usually used for 10 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm deformed bars.

REINFORCING BARS AND TIE WIRES (FOR SLAB):

TABLE 3-10   QUANTITY OF STEEL BARS AND TIE WIRES IN A ONE-WAY
REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE SLAB (Area Method)

approximately 2,385 meters per kilogram

Bar Number of Steel Bars per Square Meter Length of Tie Wire
spacing per sq. m.
cm. 5.0 m. 6.0 m. 7.50 m. 9.0 m. 12.0 m.
25 cm. 30 cm.
10 4.493 3.667 2.856 2.32 1.834 0.242 0.291
12.5 3.911 3.186 2.483 2.015 1.593 0.197 0.236
15 3.524 2.866 2.234 1.812 1.433 0.163 0.195
17.5 3.247 2.637 2.056 1.667 1.319 0.141 0.169
20 3.039 2.465 1.192 1.558 1.233 0.126 0.152
22.5 2.878 2.332 1.819 1.473 1.166 0.111 0.133
25 2.749 2.225 1.737 1.405 1.113 0.101 0.121
27.5 2.643 2.138 1.669 1.35 1.069 0.091 0.109
30 2.554 2.065 1.612 1.304 1.033 0.086 0.103

TABLE 3-11   QUANTITY OF STEEL BARS AND TIE WIRES ON A TWO WAY
REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB (Area Method)

Bar Number of Steel Bars per Square Meter Length of Tie

Spacing Wire / sq. m.
cm. 5.0 m. 6.0 m. 7.5 m. 9.0 m. 12.0 m.
25 cm. 30 cm.
10 4.953 3.995 3.05 3.047 2 0.364 0.437
12.5 4.409 3.549 2.703 2.734 1.775 0.279 0.335
15 4.047 3.252 2.471 2.524 1.626 0.238 0.286
17.5 3.788 3.039 2.306 2.377 1.52 0.208 0.25
20 3.594 2.88 2.182 2.266 1.44 0.185 0.222
22.5 3.443 2.756 2.085 2.179 1.378 0.168 0.202
25 3.322 2.656 2.008 2.109 1.328 0.156 0.187
27.5 3.223 2.575 1.945 2.053 1.288 0.146 0.175
30 3.141 2.507 1.892 2.005 1.254 0.138 0.165

FORMWORKS / SCAFFOLDING / STAGING:

TABLE 5-1 QUANTITY OF PLYWOOD FORM AND ITS FRAME FOR COLUMNS
PER SQUARE METER LATERAL AREA

Plywood     Size of Frame Ribs

      Number    *                         
Size                        of Board Ft. Per
          In Pieces Square Meter
Meter 2“x2“ 2“x3“
.90 x 1.80 0.84 13.5 21

1.20 x 2.40 0.46 13.5 21

Note: The height of the post is the length (L) of the frame (e.g. 2x2xL or 2x3xL)

TABLE 5-3 FORM FOR BEAM AND GIRDER 

Width of
Plywood
Form cm Bd. ft. of Frame per Sq.
20, 30, 40, M.         of Beam – 3 sides
Size Others
60
number
Cm. 1x2 2x2 2x3
per sq.m.

120 x  240 0.4 0.43 3.2 6.4 9.5

TABLE 5-4 QUANTITY OF LUMBER FOR SCAFFOLDING AND STAGING

Lumber Column Beam Flooring

Size Board Ft. per Meter Ht. Bd. Ft. per Meter Ht. Board ft.

Horizont Horizont per

Vertical Brace Vertical
al al Sq.M.
2” x 2” 4.7 21 11.7 4 4.7 6.1
2” x 3” 7 31.67 17.5 6 7 9.1
2” x 4” 9.35 42.25 23.35 8 9.35 12.1
Vertical support …………………2” x 3” lumber
Horizontal brace ………………...2” x 2” lumber
Diagonal Brace …………………2” x 2” lumber

TILES:
TABLE 7-1 QUANTITY OF TILES PER SQUARE METER

CLASSIFI NUMBER OF
SIZE
CATION PIECES PER

IN. CM. SQ. FT. SQ. M.

MOSAIC
12 X12 30 X 30 1 11.1
TILES

GLAZED
AND 3” X 3” 7.5 X 7.5 16 177.8
UNGLAZ
ED TILES
4” X 4” 10 X 10 9 100
 4 ¼ X  4 10.6 X
8 88.4
¼ 10.6
4” X 8” 10 X 20 4.5 50
6” X 6” 15 X 15 4 44.5
8” X 8” 20 X 20 2.25 25
8” X 16” 20 X 40 1.125 12.5
22.8 X
9” X  9” 1.78 19.14
22.8

10” X 10” 25 X 25 1.44 16

12” X 12” 30 X 30 1 11.1

5 PT.
HEX. 2 5 6.0 / ft. 20.0 / m
TILES
4 PT.
HEX. 2 5 4.9 / ft. 16.0 / m.
TILES

External corner bead – By direct count

Internal corner bead  – By direct count
Portland Cement paste mortar --------- .076 bags per sq. m.
White cement filler paste ---------------- 0.5 kg. Per sq. m
CEMENT MORTAR 0.085 BAG/SQ.M.
WHITE CEMENT JOINT FILLER 0.5 KG/SQ.M.
TILE ADHESIVE 0.11 BAG/SQ.M.

TABLE 7-2 QUANTITY OF MARBLE TILES AND MORTAR PER SQUARE METER
NUMBE
SIZE CEMENT BAGS SAND
R
               
PER
CM. MIXTURE       CU.
SQ.M.
M.
A B C
15 x 30 22.3 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025
20 x 20 25 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025

                 
20 x 40 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025
               

30 x 30 11.1 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025

30 x 60 5.6 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025
40 x 40 6.3 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025
60 x 60 2.8 0.45 0.3 0.225 0.025
     Polymer Liquid ………………..                 .035 gallons per square meter
     Hardener ……………………...                 .030 quarts per square meter
     Kalsomine powder ……………                 .045 kilograms per sq. m.
*Cement mortar computed at an average thickness of 2.5 cm. (1 “)

NAILS:
TABLE 8-6 FLOORING BRADS TECHNICAL DATA

Dia. No. of
Length Gauge Approx. Gauge
Size Head Nails
mm No. Gauge No./ kg. No. Per kg.
6d 50 11 6 322 12 14,500
7d 32 11 6 277 12 12,500
8d 37 10 5 200 11 9,000
9d 44 10 5 173 11 7,800
10d 75 9 4 131 10 5,900
12d 81 8 3 95 9 4,300
16d 87 7 2 76 8 3,450
20d 100 6 1 57 7 2,600

TABLE 8-8 COMMON BRADS TECHNICAL DATA

APPROXIMATE
SIZE LENGTH
NUMBER
Inches mm. Per kg. Per keg.
2d 1 25 1,904 85,700
3d 1 1/4 31 1,206 54,300
4d 1 1/2 37 662 29,800
5d 1 3/4 44 566 25,500
6d 2 50 397 17,900
7d 2 1/4 56 340 15,300
8d 2 1/2 63 224 10,000
9d 2 3/4 69 197 8,900
10d 3 75 146 6,600
12d 3 1/4 81 137 6,200
16d 3 1/2 88 108 4,900
20d 4 100 68 3,100
30d 4 1/2 112 53 2,400
40d 5 125 40 1,800
50d 5 1/2 137 28 1,300

TABLE 8-7 COMMON WIRE NAILS TECHNICAL DATA

APPROXIMATE
SIZE GAUGE LENGTH
NUMBER
No. Inches mm. Per kg. Per keg.
2d 15 1 1/14 25 1,831 82,400
3d 14 1 1/2 31 1,177 53,000
4d 12.5 1 1/2 37 666 30,100
5d 12.5 1 3/4 44 580 26,100
 6d 11.5 2 50 382 17,200
7d 11.5 2 1/4 56 344 15,500
8d 10.25 2 1/2 63 208 9,400
9d 10.25 2 3/4 69 188 8,500
10d 9 3 75 138 6,250
12d 9 3 1/4 81 124 5,600
16d 8 3 1/2 88 93 4,200
20d 6 4 100 58 2,625
40d 4 5 112 45 2,040
50d 3 5 1/2 125 34 1,540
60d 2 6 150 20 910

TABLE 8-11 USES AND APPROXIMATE QUANTITY OF NAILS

Required Kind of
Material Unit per Size
kilogram Nail
Floor Joist
and sq. m. 0.17 30 d CWN
bridging
At 30 cm.
on center

T&G
wood
board
Flooring
     1” x 4” sq. m. 0.15 6 d
Brad
Flooring
     1” x 6” sq. m. 0.09 6 d
Brad

Siding
Wood
Board on

Studs at 60
cm. o.c.

Casing
     1” x 6” sq. m. 0.08 6 d
Brad
Casing
     1” x 8” sq. m. 0.06 6 d
Brad

Stud /
Nailing
Strips
     at 40
sq. m. 0.08 8 d CWN
cm. o.c.
     at 60
sq. m. 0.05 8 d CWN
cm. o.c.

Scaffoldin
meter ht. 0.73 20 d CWN
g
of each
Post

Plywood
Per
Board
4 ft. x 8 ft. sheet
nailed
at .15 cm
o.c. on
joist at 40
Finishing
x 60 cm. 0.055 2 d
Nail
dist.
On studs
spaced at
40 x 40
Finishing
cm. sq. m. 0.033 2 d
Nail
distance

Rafters,
purlins at
70 cm.
Distance
sq. m. 0.2 20d CWN
and cleats

Ceiling
Joist at
40 x 60
Finishing
cm. sq. m. 0.055 8 d
Nail
spacing

PAINTING * See Sheet 1 for better view of table

Coverage paint thinner for enamel or oil based paints
KIND OF THINNE DRYING
USES Per 4 lts
PAINT R TIME lacquer thinner for lacquer based paints
*PRIMERS*
2 hrs.
1. Interior For
Paint Allow 25 to 30
Primer interior
over-
 wood night
and sealer thinner sq. m.
surfaces before
recoating
6 hrs.
2. Exterior For
Paint Allow 30 to 40
wood exterior
over-
wood night
primer thinner sq. m.
surfaces before
recoating
3 hrs.
3. Primer for
Paint Allow 35 to 40
Prepakote ferrous
over-
and non- night
Red oxide thinner sq. m.
ferrous before
primer materials recoating
For 3 hrs.
4.Zinc
exterior Paint Allow 30 to 40
chromate
and over-
Interior night
primer thinner sq. m.
metal before
surfaces
recoating
exposed
to normal
Indus-
trial
environm
ent
3 hrs.
Rust
5.Red lead Paint Allow 30 to 40
preventive
over-
primer for night
primer thinner sq. m.
ferrous before
surfaces
6 hrs.
For steel,
Epoxy Allow 30 to 40
alumi-
over-
6.Epoxy
primer num,
night
galvanize reducer sq. m.
before
d
iron recoating
*WATER BASE MASONRY PAINT*
1. Acrylic Exterior 30 min.
½ lts. 30 to 40
latex & Interior Allow 6
masonry hrs.
paint water / sq. m.
surfaces before
4 lts. recoating
2. Acrylic Exterior 30 min.
30 to 40
semi- & Interior Allow 6
masonry water hrs.
gloss latex sq m.
surfaces before
recoating
3. Acrylic Exterior 30 min.
30 to 40
gloss & Interior Allow 6
masonry water hrs.
latex paint sq. m
surface before
recoating
4. Acrylic for chalky 1 hour.
30 to 40
gloss surface Allow 4
to
Gloss hours
improve sq. m.
Emulsion before
adhe-
water
sion of
Paint recoating
new coats

of Latex
paint
for
5. Latex hi- 1 hour.
furniture, 30 to 40
gloss Allow 4
cabi-
nets,
hours
enamel doors, sq. m.
before
win-
dows,
tools, recoating
toys, use as is
wrought
iron and
primed
metals

and
appliances

Tinting Acrylic
water
color colors
30 min.
6.  Acrylic  Primer to Allow 6
old and 30 to 40 sq.
water hrs.
new m.
 concrete concrete before
sealer recoating
 24 hrs.
7. Masonry Primer for Allow
30 to 40 sq.
surface old chalky Use as is overnight
m.
conditions paint film before
recoating
8. Tinting Acrylic
water
Colors Colors
*ROOF PAINT*
For
galvanize
d iron
sheet,
1. All 4 hrs.
asbes-
weather Allow 40 to 50
water
acrylic roof tos, overnight sq.m.
shield concrete, before

bricks and
stucco

For G.I.
sheet,
CHB,
6 hrs.
stucco,
2. Portland Allow
concrete, Paint 30 to 40 sq.
cement overnight
bricks and thinner m.
paint before
other zinc
recoating
coated
metal
surfaces

G.I. roof
6 hrs.
and other
Allow
3. Davies metal Paint 30 to 40 sq.
overnight
roof paint such as thinner m.
before
aluminum
recoating
and steel
*ENAMEL AND GLOSS PAINT*

For
5 hrs.
exterior
1. Quick Allow 8
and Paint 30 to 40 sq.
drying hours
interior thinner m.
enamel before
wood and
recoating
metal surf
 6 hrs.
2. Interior Interior
Allow
Semi- wood and Paint 25 to 30 sq.
overnight
gloss metal thinner m.
before
enamel surfaces
recoating

3 hrs.
For
Allow
3. Flat wall interior Paint 40 to 50 sq.
overnight
enamel wall and thinner m.
before
ceiling
recoating

For
exterior 6 hrs.
wood and Allow 48
4. Exterior Paint 40 to 50 sq.
properly hours
gloss paint thinner m.
primed before
metal recoating
surfaces

5. Tinting Oil base

colors tinting
*VARNISHING*

For dark
wood to
be
1. No. 48 changed
Davies to light
wood natural Use as is
bleach         finish and
    1and 2 making
old wood
color
uniform

For
2. no. 77 10
patching
Davies minutes  
up wood
Lax-tire       30 20 to 25 sq.
defects Use as is
plastic minutes   m.
like knots,
wood       for
nail holes
dough dry hard
and cracks

12 min.
Sealer for
3. wood Allow
open grain Paint 25 to 35 sq.
filler    overnight
of interior thinner m.
paste before
wood
recoating
4. Non-
grain For wood 30 30 to 40 sq.
raising surfaces minutes m.
wood stain

For
paneling,
cabinets,
floors, Allow 24
5. Oil furniture, hours 30 to 40 sq.
wood stain door before m.
jambs, recoating
and other
wood
work

To seal
and finish
interior
6. wood
35to 40 sq.
Finishing surf, such overnight
m.
oil as
furnitures
wood &
panelling

For floors,
7. Valspar sidings
Paint 40 to 50 sq.
or spar furniture, 24 hours
thinner m.
varnish deck of
boats, etc.

For
interior
and
exterior
8. Daxpar wood Paint 40 to 50 sq.
24 hours
varnish surfaces, thinner m.
nautical
and
aeronautic
al varnish
 For
10
interior
minutes  
new wood
9. Hi- solid   Allow
furnitures Lacquer 40to 50 sq.
sanding 30
and thinner m.
sealer minutes
fixtures,
before
cabinet,
recoating
doors

For
furnitures,
10. Hi- Allow 30
cabinets,
solid clear Lacquer minutes 30 to 40 sq.
fixtures
gloss thinner before m.
door
lacquer recoating
paneling
and trim

For
interior
11. Hi- wood Allow 30
solid semi- furnitures Lacquer min. 30 to 40 sq.
gloss cabinets, thinner before m.
lacquer door recoating
shelves
etc.

For
interior
wood
Allow 30
12. Hi- furniture,
Lacquer minutes 30 to 40 sq.
solid dead cabinets,
thinner before m.
flat lacquer door
recoating
jamb, trim
paneling
etc.

For
furnitures,
Allow 30
13. Water cabinets ,
Lacquer minutes 30 to 40 sq.
white gloss doors
thinner before m.
lacquer panel and
recoating
interior
walls
*AUTOMOTIVE FINISHING*
 For
Allow 30
properly
1. Lacquer Lacquer minutes 40 to 50 sq.
primed
enamel thinner before m.
metal and
recoating
wood

For
exterior
2. and
Lacquer 30 40 to 50 sq.
Automotiv interior
thinner minutes m.
e lacquer metal or
wood
surfaces

For metal
3. Lacquer Lacquer 30 40 to 50 sq.
and wood
primer thinner minutes m.
surface

For
exterior 10
and minutes
4. Lacquer Lacquer 20 to 30 sq.
interior dry to
putty thinner m.
metal & sand in 1
wood hour
surfaces

Automoti
ve fin. for 2 hours
5. Pro-lux
residential Paint dry hard 30 to 40 sq.
auto
and thinner in 10 m.
enamel
commerci hours
al

For
exterior 2 hours.
6. Pro-lux and Allow 8
Paint 30 to 40 sq.
enamel interior hours
thinner m.
primer wood and before
metal recoating
surfaces

For
exterior
7. Pro-lux and
glazing interior Use a is
putty metal &
wood
surfaces
* INDUSTRIAL PAINT *
 For steel
tanks, 1 hour.
1. Silver exterior & Allow 24
40 to 50 sq.
finish interior  Use as is hrs.
m.
aluminum metal before
wood and recoating
masonry

For
interior
and
exterior
1 hour.
surfaces
Allow 24
2. Heat- like 40 to 50 sq.
Use as is hours
Resisting radiators, m.
before
boilers,
recoating
pipes and
general
industrial
equipment

For
superheat
ed steam
3. High 1 hour at
lines,
heat 450 º F 40 to 50 sq.
boiler Use as is
resisting maximu m.
casings,
paint m
drum and
rocket
launchers

For
1 hour.
asbestos
4. Asphalt Allow 24
cement 20 to 30 sq.
base Use as is hours
compositi m.
Aluminum before
on and
recoating
metal

For 1 hour.
asphalt Allow 24
5. Traffic 20 to 30 sq.
and Use as is hours
paint m.
masonry before
surface recoating
 12 hours.
6. For wood Allow
Paint 35 to 40 sq.
Blackboard and metal overnight
thinner m.
slating surface before
recoating

7. Davies 12 hours.
For hulls
Anti- Allow
and below Paint 30 to 40 
corrosive overnight
water line thinner sq. m.
marine before
of ship
paint recoating

For
properly
primed 12 hours.
8. Marine
surfaces Allow 24
boat Paint 30 to 40 sq.
between hours
topping thinner m.
the light before
paint
and deep recoating
load lines
of ship

For
properly 8 hours.
9. Anti- primed Allow 12
Paint 30 to 40 sq.
fouling surface hours
thinner m.
paint below the before
water line recoating
of ships

For use
above the
water line
12 hours.
10. Hull, of sea
Allow 24
deck, mast vessels, Paint 30 to 40 sq.
hours
and topside equipment thinner m.
before
paint and
recoating
structures
near the
sea 

Marine 1 hour.
11.
engine Allow 24
machinery Paint 30 to 40 sq.
and hours
engine thinner m.
equipment before
enamel
casing recoating
 for steel,
6 hours.
alumi-
Allow
12. Epoxy num, galv. Epoxy 30 to 40 sq.
overnight
enamel ,iron, reducer m.
before
wood &
recoating
concrete

For body
13. Epoxy repair
glazing aircraft, epoxy 2 hours
putty care and
equipment

Multi-
purpose
thermosett
ing plastic
8 hours
material
14. Epoxy full 30 to 40 sq.
for Use as is
glue strength m.
cementing
in 96 hr.
or
bonding
rigid
materials  

Use as
15. Pure thinner for
pale boiled exterior Use as is
linsed oil house
paint

Treatment
16. to
30 to 40 sq.
Concrete neutralize Use as is 24 hours
m.
neutralizer masonry
surface
17. rust Paint 25 to 35 sq.
Use as is overnight
remover stripper m.
18. Paint Paint 25 to 35 sq.
Use as is overnight
remover stripper m.
 Destroy
molds
mildews
19.
on new
Mildewcid water
and
e
previously
painted
surface

SOURCE : Davies Paint Manual of Information

1. Coarse to rough ……. 40 or 30 sq. m. for water base paint
2. Fine to coarse ……… 45 or 35 sq. m. for water base paint
3. Smooth to fine……… 50 or 40 sq. m. for water base paint

TABLE 11-13 FILLING MATERIALS 

%
Additiona
Materials l to
(Loose Obtain      
Volume)            
Compact
Volume

     23 to
Earth fill
25 %
Earth and      18 to
Sand 20 %
Selected      15 to
Borrow 18 %

STONE MASONRY
Computed Volume = 30% X Volume of Stone/ Structure for Stone Masonry (30% to be filled with concrete)
Cement = Computed Volume x 16.25 bags / cu.m.
Sand = Computed Volume x 1.0/cu.m.

RIPRAP:

Mensuration Formula

Triangle            :           Area                 = Base x Altitude

                                                              2

Parallelogram:             Area                 = Base x Altitude

Trapezoid         :           Area                 = Sum of Parallel Side x Altitude
                                                                                      2

Circle               :           Area                 = 0.7854 x Diameter ²

                                                                3.1416 x radius ²

       Circumference                    = 3.1416 x Diameter

                                     = 6.2832 x radius

Ellipse              :           Area                 = 0.7854 x Short diameter x Long diameter

Cone                :       Surface                 =Slant ht. x circumference (curve only) of Base

                                Volume                 = Area of Base x Height

                                                                           3
Cylinder           :       Surface                 = Length x Circumference x Area of Ends

                                Volume                  = 0.7854 + Length x Diameter ²

Sphere :                   Surface                 = 3.1416 x Diameter ²

                                                            = Circumference x Diameter

        Volume                = 0.5263 x Diameter ³

                                   
                                    = Circumference x Diameter ²
                                                            6

                                    = Vol. of Circumscribing Cylinder

                                                            3
based paints
be filled with concrete)
 CONCRETING
CEMENT SAND GRAVEL
MIXTURE CLASS PROPORTION
40 KG CU.M. CU.M.

A ( 28 DAYS) 1:02:04 9.08 0.5 1.0

MASONRY BAGS CEMENT MIXTURE

SIZE OFCHB IN CM NUMBER PER SQ.M. A B C D SAND CU.M.
10 X 20 X 40 ( 4 IN) 12.5 0.792 0.525 0.394 0.328 0.0438
15 X 20 X 40 ( 6 IN) 12.5 1.526 1.013 0.763 0.633 0.0844

PLASTER
CEMENT IN BAGS
MIXTURE CLASS THICKNESS OF PLASTER
16 MM
A 0.288 (MAINLY USED)
SAND 0.016

REINFORCEMENTS

LENGTH OF REINFORCING BARS FOR CHB IN METERS

(M) LENGTH OF VERTICAL (M) LENGTH OF

VERT. SPACING (CM) SPACEING LAYER HORIZONTAL
REIN./SQ.M. REIN./ SQ.M.

40 2.93 2 Layers 3.300

60 2.13 3 Layers 2.150
80 1.6 4 Layers 1.720

NO. 16 TIE WIRE FOR CHB REINFORCEMENTS PER SQ. METER

KG/SQ.M.
HORIZONTAL LAYER
VERT. SPACING (CM) SPACING
30 CM TIE
40 3 0.047
60 3 0.032

TILING
QUANTITY OF TILES PER SQ. M.
CEMENT MORTAR 0.085 BAG/SQ.M.
WHITE CEMENT JOINT FILLER 0.5 KG/SQ.M.
TILE ADHESIVE 0.11 BAG/SQ.M.
 PAINTS
PRIMERS
KIND OF PAINT USES THINING DRYING TIME COVERAGE/Gal

2 hrs, allow
1. Interior Primer & Sealer For interior wood surfaces Paint Thinner overnight b4 25 to 30 sq.m.
recoating
6 hrs, allow
2. Exterior Wood Primer For exterior wood surfaces Paint Thinner overnight b4 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoating

3. Red Oxide Primer Primer for ferrous and non- Paint Thinner 3 Hours 35 to 40 sq.m.
ferrous materials
Rust preventive primer for
4. Red Lead Primer ferrous surfaces Paint Thinner 3 Hours 30 to 40 sq.m.

For Steel, Aluminum, 6 hrs, allow

5. Epoxy Primer Galvanized iron Epoxy Reducer overnight b4 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoating

WATER BASE MASONRY PAINT

KIND OF PAINT USES THINING DRYING TIME COVERAGE/Gal

Exterior & Interior masonry 1/2 lts/ 4 lts 30 minutes

1. Acrylic Latex Paint allow 6 hrs b4 30 to 40 sq.m.
surfaces water recoat

Exterior & Interior masonry 30 minutes

2. Acrylic Semi-Gloss Latex surfaces Water allow 6 hrs b4 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoat

Exterior & Interior masonry 30 minutes

3. Acrylic Gloss Latex surfaces Water allow 6 hrs b4 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoat
For furniture, cabinets,
doors, windows, tools, toys, 1 Hour. Allow 4
4. Latex Hi-Gloss Enamel wrought iron, & primed Usse as is hrs before 30 to 40 sq.m.
metals recoating

5. Tinting Colors Acrylic colors water

ROOF PAINT
KIND OF PAINT USES THINING DRYING TIME COVERAGE/Gal
4 hrs. allow
for G.I. Shts, asbestos bricks overnight
1. All weather acylic roof shield concrete and stucco water before 40 to 50 sq.m.
recoating

6 hrs. allow
G.I. roofs and other metal overnight
2. Davies Roof paint such as aluminum and steel Paint Thinner before 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoating

ENAMEL AND GLOSS PAINT

KIND OF PAINT USES THINING DRYING TIME COVERAGE/Gal

for exterior & interior wood 5 hrs. allow 8

1. Quick Drying Enamel and metal surface Paint Thinner hrs. before 30 to 40 sq.m.
recoating
6 hrs. allow
2. Interior semi-Gloss Enamel Interior wood and metal Paint Thinner overnight 25 to 30 sq.m.
surfaces before
recoating

3 hrs. allow
overnight
3. Flat wall Enamel for interior wall & ceilings Paint Thinner before 40 to 50 sq.m.
recoating
for exterrior wood and 6 hrs. allow 48
4. Exterior Gloss paint properly primed metal Paint Thinner hrs. before 30 to 35 sq.m.
surfaces recoating
5. Tinting Colors Oil Base tinting color
VARNISHING
KIND OF PAINT USES THINING DRYING TIME COVERAGE/Gal
for floors, sidings
1. Valspar or Spar Varnish furnitures, deck of boats Paint Thinner 24 hours 40 to 50 sq.m.

for interior new wood 10 minutes.

furnitures and fixtures, Allow 30
2. Hi-solid sanding sealer Lacquer Thinner minutes before 40 to 50 sq.m.
cabinet, doors, etc.
recoat
for interior new wood Allow 30
3. Hi-solid clear gloss Lacquer furnitures, door panelling Lacquer Thinner minutes before 30 to 40 sq.m.
and trim. recoat
for interior new wood Allow 30
4. Hi-solid Semi-gloss Lacquer furnitures, cabinets, doors, Lacquer Thinner minutes before 30 to 40 sq.m.
shelves, etc recoat

for interior wood furniture, Allow 30

5. Hi-solid dead flat Lacquer cabinets, door jambs, trim Lacquer Thinner minutes before 30 to 40 sq.m.
panelling, etc. recoat

for furnitures, cabinets, Allow 30

6. Water white gloss Lacquer doors, panel and interior Lacquer Thinner minutes before 30 to 40 sq.m.
walls recoat

SCAFFOLDING