Companion-Soln bk5

Active Physics DSE Level-up Companion © Pearson Hong Kong |1
Answers
(vers. 2021‑07‑16 09:56)
Task 25A
Stage 1
1. α, β, γ
2. α
3. α, β, γ
4. α, β
5. α, β
6. γ
7. α, β, γ
8. β, γ
Stage 2
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
Stage 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Final Boss stage
1. (i)
2. (i), (iii)
3. (i)
4. (i), (ii), (iii)
Task 25B
Multiple-choice Questions
1. C
2. A
3. A
Structured Questions
(a) 241 − 205 = 4 × 9 (1M)
Thus, 205Tl is the end product of the decay. (1A)

81
(b) 9 (1A)
(c) Besides Am‑241, other nuclides in the decay series

(except Tl) are also radioactive and may emit beta and
gamma radiations. (1A)
(d) Place a GM tube in front of the source such that the
count rate recorded is larger than the background
count rate. (1A)
Insert a piece of paper between the source and the GM
tube, (1A)
OR: increase the distance between the source and the GM
tube to a few cm, (1A)
the corrected count rate should still be larger than
zero. (1A)
Task 26A
Questions
1. (a) 256; 128; 64; 32

(b) 32
2. (a) 1/2, 2;
1/2, 1/2, 3;
4; 5; 20
(b) Fraction of undecayed nuclei = (1/2)5 = 1/32
(c) Undecayed N = 1 × 108 × (1/2)20 = 95.4
3. Undecayed N = 10 000 × (1/2)8 = 39.1
Exercise 1
( ( )5 )
1 65
1. Percentage drop = 1 − × 100% = 5.19%
2
( ) t ( ) ( )
1 4.37 19.7 t 1
2. 19.7 = 55.1 × =⇒ ln = ln
2 55.1 4.37 2
∴ t= 6.48 days
( ) 72 ( ) ( )
3 1 t1/2 3 72 1
3. = =⇒ ln = ln
8 2 8 t 1/2 2
∴ t 1/2 = 50.9 h
Exercise 2
1. n X = 6T /2T = 3
n Y = 6T /3T = 2
( )3
N X 12 2
( 1 )2 = =⇒ N X : NY = 4:1
NY 1
2
2. n X = 15/3 = 5
n Y = 15/5 = 3
( ) ( )
M X 1 n X MY 1 nY
A X = A Y =⇒ =
mX 2 mY 2
( ) ( )
mX M X 1 n X −nY 1 1 5−3
∴ = = · = 1
8
mY MY 2 2 2
1 1
3. = =⇒ n X = 2
4 22
1 1
= 5 =⇒ n Y = 5
32 2
Therefore,
half‑life of X = 10/2 = 5 days , and
half‑life of Y = 10/5 = 2 days .
Task 26B
1. C
Notice that X has passed 3 half‑lives and Y has passed
6 half‑lives after one day.
2. C
M
= e−(0.00949)(2×7×24) ≈ 0.04
M0
3. D
n X = 6/1 = 6
n Y = 6/3 = 2
( )6
N0 12 m X M mX
( 1 )2 = =⇒ =4
N0 2 m Y 4M mY
4. B
( ) t ( ) 7
A 1 t1/2 12.9 1 t1/2
= =⇒ =
A0 2 87.5 2
∴ t 1/2 = 2.53 days
(a) Since the decay of K‑40 has a very long half‑life, the
measurement for young rocks would be inaccurate
since the amounts of Ar‑40 accumulated in the rocks
are too small. (1A)
M Ar 53.0
(b) (i) M0 = MK + = 63.6 + (1M)
0.107 0.107
= 559 g (1A)
( ) t
MK 1 t1/2
(ii) =
M0 2
( ) ( )
MK t 1
ln = ln
M0 t 1/2 2
( ) ( )
63.6 t 1
ln = ln (1M)
559 1.25 × 109 2
∴ t = 3.92 × 109 ≈ 4 × 109 yr (1A)
(c)
1A for correct increasing curve

1A for correct initial and inal positions
(d) Underestimates (1A)
The initial mass M0 of K‑40 should be larger.

Therefore the ratio MK /M0 should be smaller, (1A)
i.e. the age of the rock t should be longer than that
calculated in b(ii).
Task 27A
Conversion of units
1. = 12 × (1.66 × 10−27 )
= 1.99 × 10−26 kg
2. = 0.5/(1.66 × 10−27 )
= 3.01 × 1026 u
3. = (325 × 106 ) × (1.60 × 10−19 )

= 5.2 × 10−11 J
4. = (6 × 105 )/(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 )

= 3.75 × 1018 MeV
5. = (4.8 × 10−9 )/(1.66 × 10−27 )

= 2.89 × 1018 u
6. = 0.002 71/(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 )

= 1.69 × 1010 MeV
7. = (5.96 × 106 ) × 1.60 × 10−19

= 9.54 × 10−13 J
8. = 0.001 382 × (1.66 × 10−27 )

= 2.29 × 10−30 kg
Conversion between mass and energy
1. = 60.7 × 931 MeV

= 5.65 × 104 MeV
2. = 982/(1.66 × 10−27 ) u
= 5.92 × 1029 × 931 MeV
= 5.51 × 1032 MeV
3. = 5.95 × 105 /(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 ) MeV

= 3.72 × 1018 /931 u
= 3.99 × 1015 u
4. = (6.89/931) u
= 0.007 40 u
5. = (0.0859 × 931) MeV

= (80.0 × 106 × 1.60 × 10−19 ) J
= 1.28 × 10−11 J
6. = (77/931) u
= (0.0827 × 1.66 × 10−27 ) kg
= 1.37 × 10−28 kg
( )
7. = 7.22 × 10−3 × (3.00 × 108 )2 J
14
= 6.50 × 10 J
( )
8. = 6.17 × 1012 /(3.00 × 108 )2 kg
= 6.86 × 10−5 kg
DSE-level problems
1. (a) ∆m = (2.014 102 + 96.906 022)

− (2 × 1.008 665 + 96.906 365)
= −0.003 571 u
∴ energy is absorbed.
(b) E = 0.003 571 u = 3.32 MeV
2. (a) ∆m = 55.934 938 − (26 × 1.007 276 + 30 × 1.008 665)

= −0.514 188 u
∴ energy is absorbed.
(b) E = 0.514 188 u = 479 MeV
3. Total mass of reactants < total mass of products

∆m = 17.6/931 = 0.0189 u
4. ∆m = 0.1 × (60 × 60 × 24 × 365)/(3 × 108 )2 ≈ 4 × 10−11 kg
Task 27B
1. D
∆m = 133 173 × 10−31 − (132 888 × 10−31 + 9 × 10−31 )
= 2.76 × 10−29 kg
= 0.0166 u
∴ E = 0.0166 × 931 = 15.5 MeV (> 0)
2. A
(1) is fusion.
3. B
∆m = 15.994 915 + 1.008 665 − (15.000 109 + 2.014 102)
= −0.010 631 u
<0
(a) 238U −−−→ 234Th + 4He(He/α) (2A)

92 90 2
(b) ∆m = 238.050 788 − (234.043 601 + 4.002 602)

= 0.004 585 u (1M)
E = 0.004 585 × 931 = 4.27 MeV (1A)
(c) Since the uranium nucleus is initially stationary, by the

conservation of momentum, the total momentum of
the thorium nucleus and the alpha particle must be
zero. (1A)
This means the thorium nucleus must carry some
kinetic energy, (1A)
and thus the kinetic energy of the alpha particle must
be smaller than the value calculated in (b). (1A)

Companion-Soln bk5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Companion-Soln bk5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Active Physics DSE Level-up Companion © Pearson Hong Kong |1

Final Boss stage

4. (i), (ii), (iii)

(a) 241 − 205 = 4 × 9 (1M)

Thus, 205Tl is the end product of the decay. (1A)

(c) Besides Am‑241, other nuclides in the decay series

1. (a) 256; 128; 64; 32

(c) Undecayed N = 1 × 108 × (1/2)20 = 95.4

3. Undecayed N = 10 000 × (1/2)8 = 39.1

1A for correct increasing curve

(d) Underestimates (1A)

The initial mass M0 of K‑40 should be larger.

3. = (325 × 106 ) × (1.60 × 10−19 )

4. = (6 × 105 )/(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 )

5. = (4.8 × 10−9 )/(1.66 × 10−27 )

6. = 0.002 71/(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 )

7. = (5.96 × 106 ) × 1.60 × 10−19

8. = 0.001 382 × (1.66 × 10−27 )

Conversion between mass and energy

1. = 60.7 × 931 MeV

3. = 5.95 × 105 /(1.60 × 10−19 × 106 ) MeV

5. = (0.0859 × 931) MeV

1. (a) ∆m = (2.014 102 + 96.906 022)

2. (a) ∆m = 55.934 938 − (26 × 1.007 276 + 30 × 1.008 665)

3. Total mass of reactants < total mass of products

4. ∆m = 0.1 × (60 × 60 × 24 × 365)/(3 × 108 )2 ≈ 4 × 10−11 kg

(a) 238U −−−→ 234Th + 4He(He/α) (2A)

(b) ∆m = 238.050 788 − (234.043 601 + 4.002 602)

E = 0.004 585 × 931 = 4.27 MeV (1A)

(c) Since the uranium nucleus is initially stationary, by the

You might also like