T.C.

Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi

YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ

SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI
(YDS/3)

İNGİLİZCE

1 ARALIK 2019

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2019-YDS/3/ENGLISH TEST OF ENGLISH

This test consists of 80 questions.

1-6: For these questions, choose the best word or

4. The most sophisticated of Cook Islands handicrafts
expression to fill the space.
are considered to be tivaevae: brightly coloured, ----
embroidered ceremonial cloths, which require a
great number of months to make.
1. Within our solar system, the planet Mars almost
A) tediously B) intricately
certainly had a surface ocean in the past and may
still have ---- of it underground.
C) persistently D) incidentally
A) remnants B) attractions
E) objectively
C) adjustments D) precautions

E) illustrations

5. Starting in 1640, Evliya Çelebi began a career of

travel into the far reaches of the Ottoman Empire,
which at that time ---- from Hungary in the north to
2. The fact is that, right now, the Sumatran tiger faces Egypt and Sudan in the south.
a number of very serious threats, which are putting
their very survival in ----. A) wandered B) escalated

A) extension B) resistence C) stretched D) emigrated

C) jeopardy D) distinction E) circulated

E) corruption

6. Assimilation is a voluntary or involuntary process by

which individuals or groups completely ---- the traits
3. The importance of numbers in Chinese design of another culture, leaving their original cultural and
stems from the ---- influence of the harmonious linguistic identities behind.
principles of ying and yang, repeatedly seen in
architectural designs. A) break into B) put away

A) pervasive B) restraining C) make out D) take on

C) insignificant D) disruptive E) bring about

E) dampening

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7-16: For these questions, choose the best

9. One of the greatest breakthroughs of the 17th
word(s) or expression(s) to fill the space(s).
century was to understand how and why things
move and stop ----, and the key to the problem was
that they slow down and stop only when something
7. Summer ice ---- a series of record low levels in forces them ---- so.
recent years as the Arctic ---- twice as fast as the
mid-latitudes. A) to be moved / having done

A) hit / was warming B) being moved / do

B) has hit / has been warming C) moving / to do

C) hits / had been warming D) having moved / to have done

D) will hit / warms E) to move / doing

E) had hit / had warmed

10. The Common European Framework of Reference for

Languages (CEFR) is intended to overcome the
8. Burials ---- an important role in the beliefs of the barriers to communication ---- professionals
Lycians, for they cut hundreds of tombs into the cliff working in the field of modern languages arising ----
faces and crags that ---- throughout the area. the different educational systems in Europe.
A) should have held / will be seen
A) between / to B) through / into
B) were able to hold / should be seen
C) with / upon D) among / from
C) had to hold / might be seen
E) about / against
D) used to hold / have to be seen

E) must have held / can be seen

11. People in some countries are brainwashed ---- an

early age to love junk food and fast food ----
advertising on television and many other
mechanisms.
A) by / about B) from / through

C) in / to D) on / for

E) with / over

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12. Among the drawbacks of aging is a creeping 15. The management of farms in the future will be
tendency to put on weight, ---- our resting influenced ---- by climate ---- by global demand and
metabolism slows down – by roughly 1 to 2 percent agricultural practices, so the winners will be farmers
every decade. who modernise their methods and diversify their
A) but B) since fields.
A) neither / nor B) as / as
C) as if D) if only
C) not only / but also D) rather / than
E) even if
E) so / that

13. Feminism made an important difference to British

culture throughout the 20th century ---- the struggle 16. ---- connecting distant empires into an integrated
to change unequal gender relations took place in a web of commerce, the Silk Road carried infectious
range of contexts. diseases that severely affected immunity-free
A) provided that B) unless victims.
A) In case of B) Apart from
C) as D) in case
C) In terms of D) On behalf of
E) as long as
E) For the purpose of

14. Surpassed by tennis in the 19th century, croquet is

today more of a recreational activity than
competitive sport ---- intense competition has not
disappeared entirely in croquet clubs.
A) just as B) even though

C) provided that D) so that

E) as long as

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17-21: For these questions, choose the best

word or expression to fill the spaces in the 19.
passage.
A) while B) until

Old blood may damage organs and contribute to ageing. C) when D) as soon as
Researchers are trying to reveal the restorative powers
of young blood, (17)---- brains from ageing. In fact, the E) after
effects of blood on ageing were first discovered in
experiments that stitched young and old mice together
so that they shared circulating blood. Older mice
seemed to (18)---- such an arrangement, developing
healthier organs and becoming protected from age
related disease. But younger mice aged prematurely.
Such experiments suggest that (19)---- young blood can
be restorative, there is something in old blood that is
actively harmful. Hanadie Yousef at Stanford University 20.
in California seems to have identified a protein that is A) contrary to B) compared to
causing some of the damage, and has developed a
compound to block it. She has observed that (20)---- this C) similar to D) regardless of
antibody, mice were protected from the harmful effects
of the old blood. However, we do not yet know what it is
E) thanks to
about young blood that keeps animals youthful. That
has not stopped people (21)---- starting trials to see if
blood transfusions can treat age-related diseases.

21.
17. A) by B) for
A) to be prevented B) prevent
C) in D) from
C) to have prevented D) preventing
E) with
E) having prevented

18.
A) dispense with B) relate to

C) compensate for D) put off

E) benefit from

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22-26: For these questions, choose the best

word or expression to fill the spaces in the 24.
passage.
A) To sum up B) In other words

How do you evacuate passengers from a long tunnel C) On the contrary D) However
through a mountain? The Gotthard Base Tunnel, a
railway tunnel through the heart of the Alps in E) In addition
Switzerland, has an emergency evacuation plan. If a fire
were to (22)---- 2,000 metres beneath the Alps, the
flames would spread so rapidly that the tunnel would
transform into a fiery hell. The nearest exit might still be
many kilometres away. The solution is that, (23)---- a
fire, two emergency stations will allow trains to cross
over from one tunnel to the other. (24)----, there are
escape routes to a connecting corridor every 325
metres. Ventilation equipment will suck smoke out of the 25.
main tunnel and spread fresh air (25)---- corridors A) through B) with
running alongside the tunnel. Passengers will exit the
train and escape using these corridors, to which the
C) against D) during
doors can be tightly sealed – a slight overpressure will
prevent smoke ingress. The doors are strong enough to
stop fire, yet are simple to open – even a child can do it. E) about
There they will have to wait until a rescue train (26)----.

22. 26.
A) fade away B) break out A) is arriving B) arrived

C) fall behind D) go off C) arrives D) will arrive

E) run out E) was arriving

23.
A) instead of B) by means of

C) apart from D) in case of

E) as well as

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27-36: For these questions, choose the best

29. Owing to the increasing numbers of individuals and
option to complete the given sentence.
families who could no longer afford to purchase
housing, ----.
A) the American nation’s supply of low-cost rental
27. While being physically attractive seems to be a
housing was shrinking
basic requirement for Internet celebrities, ----.
A) they closely monitor the trends in youth culture that B) an ample boom was observed in the investment of
place special emphasis on beauty housing construction

B) their popularity will decline if they cannot create fresh C) after the mid-1970s, the poor became more numerous
ideas and engage in successful projects and they got poorer

C) they are chased by investors hoping to expand their D) homelessness became so visible in the early 1980s in
business by associating their products with famous the US
people
E) there was a lack of federal commitment to the
D) they are often characterised as having the ideal production of public housing
beauty standards

E) they earn huge amounts of money thanks to their

collaboration with famous brands

30. ---- unless it is integrated into a meaningful

curricular and instructional framework.
A) Technology is regarded to have the potential to
28. Although Egypt was subject to outside influences, improve education
----.
B) Technology should be viewed as one tool among
A) the Egyptians settled on the fertile strip of land created many
by the Nile in the North African desert
C) The use of technology requires teachers to confront
B) the role played by the pharaoh, that of a link between their beliefs about learning
men and gods, decreased with the disintegration of
power D) It is believed that technology has little influence on
education
C) the principal characteristics of its culture remained
homogenous throughout the course of its long history E) Technology provides an excellent platform for learning
environments
D) the pyramids were built to testify to the pronounced
hierarchical character of the Egyptian society

E) Ramses III, who undertook extensive social and

administrative reforms, was forced to defend it against
fierce attacks

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31. Even though the new methods of Samuel Christian 33. People do not have a problem with obsessive
Hahnemann– the creator and developer of the compulsive disorder ----.
treatment called homeopathy– were initially met with A) as compulsions are undesired actions that people find
ridicule, ----. themselves forced into doing over and over to reduce
A) the system was based on the idea that substances anxiety
producing symptoms of sickness in healthy people
B) when the disorder causes considerable emotional
would have a curative effect
discomfort and a high level of anxiety
B) homeopathic remedies used in holistic treatments
were often a fraction of the cost of conventional drugs C) while the approach for treating it is quite similar to the
treatments for anxiety, fear, and intense anger
C) by the time of his death, they were accepted over the
world as a result of the great success he had with his D) unless their repetitive thoughts and actions begin to
new cure seriously harm their relationships or their sense of
freedom
D) he was disturbed by the medical system of his time,
believing that its cures were crude and some of its E) because it could be very severe and require them to
strong drugs did more harm than good to patients act in collaboration with a therapist or counsellor

E) with the formation of the American Medical

Association, which restricted alternative practices,
homeopathy declined for half a century

34. ----, Alsace's long history of political insecurity and

the devastation caused by the two world wars have
impoverished the region.
32. A 2003 study of car-crash victims found that those A) Even though its heavy industry is not fully competitive
with more fat were less likely to suffer abdominal with their more highly developed counterparts in other
injuries, ----. countries

A) so you are more likely to experience some kind of B) While the region became the focus of territorial
trauma even months after the accident happened dispute between France and Germany in the
mid-to-late 1800s
B) and no matter what protective measures you may
have taken before a possible accident, it may still C) Although its lands are fertile, and the region's iron
happen in the end and coal mines have long constituted a source of
wealth
C) since there is no correlation between total weight of
passengers and the risk of getting injured D) Unless the region's general population participated
heavily in the resistance to Germany’s invasion and
D) but the fat-as-airbag principle may not actually be so conquests
protective as some people might think it must be
E) As the new movements seek to gain greater control
E) although one’s body fat can, in fact, act as some over economic and social development and to
sort of shock absorber in violent collisions establish the preservation of Alsatian culture

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37-42: For these questions, choose the most

35. Some Roman baths might have been functioning, at accurate Turkish translation of the sentences in
English, and the most accurate English translation
least partially, into the fifth century, ----.
of the sentences in Turkish.
A) so that it was the inability of later ancient
administrations to maintain the vast and complicated
water systems 37. Accurate measurements in scientific investigations
gained more importance in the 17th century, when
B) but after many repairs, the Thermae of Agrippa was scientists became aware that only with reliable
still open as a luxury establishment in the fifth century measurements could they support their theories.

C) while after the seventh and eighth centuries, there are A) Bilim insanlarının 17. yüzyılda teorilerini sadece
signs of bath building greatly slowing güvenilir ölçümlerle destekleyebileceklerinin farkına
varmasıyla bilimsel araştırmalardaki doğru ölçümler
D) because as the great baths themselves disappeared, daha fazla önem kazandı.
their memory lingered on in the public minds as myths
B) Bilimsel araştırmalardaki doğru ölçümler, 17. yüzyılda
and legends
bilim insanları teorilerinin sadece güvenilir ölçümlerle
E) thus, many of these baths could be described as desteklenebileceğinin farkına varınca çok daha önemli
charity baths, because they served the clergy as well hâle geldi.
as the poor
C) 17. yüzyılda bilim insanlarının sadece güvenilir
ölçümler sayesinde teorilerini destekleyebileceklerinin
farkına varması, bilimsel araştırmalardaki doğru
ölçümlere daha fazla önem kazandırdı.

D) Bilimsel araştırmalardaki doğru ölçümler, bilim

insanlarının sadece güvenilir ölçümlerle teorilerini
destekleyebileceklerinin farkına vardıkları 17. yüzyılda
36. Throughout the Tanzimat era, Ottoman statesmen daha fazla önem kazandı.
believed that as long as the European powers
respected their country’s sovereignty, ----. E) Bilimsel araştırmalardaki doğru ölçümler, 17. yüzyılda
bilim insanları teorilerini sadece güvenilir ölçümlerle
A) Ottoman citizens could not tolerate much of the trouble destekleyebileceklerinin farkına vardıkları için daha
caused by dysfunctional institutions çok önem kazandı.

B) they prevented the acquisition of immovable properties

within the borders of the state by the citizens of
neighbouring countries

C) it would be unfeasible to ensure the welfare and

happiness of Ottoman citizens who dispersed across
three continents
D) there was little or no danger in allowing Europeans
ever greater access to their country’s economy

E) seeking or accepting aid from a foreign power would

mean to people nothing more than years of exile in
distant lands

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38. Recent studies have shown that chocolate can slow 39. Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the DNA of an
down the signs of skin ageing because cocoa adult animal, was regarded as a monumental
extract is packed with antioxidants that neutralise scientific breakthrough when her birth was
free radical damage, which can harm collagen announced in early 1997.
production. A) Dolly, yetişkin bir hayvanın DNA’sından klonlanan ilk
A) Kakao özütünün kolajen üretimine zarar veren serbest memeli olduğundan 1997’nin başında doğumu
radikal hasarını ortadan kaldıran antioksidanlarla dolu duyurulduğunda çok büyük bir bilimsel gelişme olarak
olduğu ve bu nedenle çikolatanın cilt yaşlanmasının kabul edildi.
belirtilerini yavaşlattığı yeni yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya
konmuştur. B) Doğumu 1997’nin başında duyurulduğu zaman çok
büyük bir bilimsel gelişme olarak kabul edilen Dolly,
B) Yeni yapılan araştırmalar, çikolatanın cilt yetişkin bir hayvanın DNA’sından klonlanan ilk
yaşlanmasının belirtilerini yavaşlatabildiğini memeliydi.
göstermektedir çünkü kakao özütü, kolajen üretimine
C) Yetişkin bir hayvanın DNA’sından klonlanan ilk memeli
zarar verebilen serbest radikal hasarını ortadan
olan Dolly, çok büyük bir bilimsel gelişme olarak kabul
kaldıran antioksidanlarla doludur.
edildi ve doğumu 1997’nin başında duyuruldu.
C) Çikolata, cilt yaşlanmasının belirtilerini D) Yetişkin bir hayvanın DNA’sından klonlanan ilk memeli
yavaşlatabilmektedir çünkü son yapılan araştırmalar, olan Dolly, 1997’nin başında doğumu duyurulduğunda
kolajen üretimine zarar veren serbest radikal hasarını çok büyük bir bilimsel gelişme olarak kabul edildi.
ortadan kaldıran kakao özütünün antioksidanlarla dolu
olduğunu göstermektedir. E) Dolly, yetişkin bir hayvanın DNA’sından klonlanan ilk
memeliydi ve 1997’nin başında doğumunun
D) Son yapılan araştırmalar, kakao özütü kolajen duyurulmasıyla çok büyük bir bilimsel gelişme olarak
üretimine zarar verebilen serbest radikal hasarını kabul edildi.
ortadan kaldıran antioksidanlarla dolu olduğu için cilt
yaşlanmasının belirtilerinin çikolata sayesinde
yavaşlatılabileceğini göstermektedir.

E) Çikolatanın cilt yaşlanmasının belirtilerini yavaşlattığı,

kolajen üretimine zarar veren serbest radikal hasarını
ortadan kaldıran kakao özütünün antioksidanlarla dolu
olduğunu gösteren son çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur.
40. İnsanlar et kelimesini ilk kullandıklarında sadece
içeceğin karşıtı olarak yiyeceği kastettiler, ve et
kelimesi ancak 1300’lerde hayvan eti anlamına
karşılık gelmeye başladı.
A) When people first referred to food as opposed to drink
they used the word meat, and it was not until the
1300s that they began to use it for animal flesh.
B) The first use of the word meat by people simply meant
food, which was the opposite of drink, and it was only
in the 1300s when it started referring to animal flesh.

C) Until the 1300s, the word meat simply meant food for
people, as opposed to drink, and only then it started to
refer to animal flesh.

D) When people first used the word meat, they simply

meant food, as opposed to drink, and it was not until
the 1300s that it began to refer to animal flesh.
E) When people first used the word meat, it basically
meant food, the opposite of drink, and it hardly started
to refer to animal flesh in the 1300s.

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41. Çok fazla tuz tüketmek kalp damar hastalıklarını 42. Her davranış hakkında düşünmek ya da her kararı
tetikler, ancak çok az tuzun da eşit derecede zararlı ölçüp biçmek zorunda olsaydık, hareket edemezdik;
etkisi olabilir, bu yüzden yüksek tansiyonu olan bu yüzden insan zihni hayatı daha baş edilebilir hâle
kişilerin tuz alımlarını azaltması gerekirken, nüfusun getiren zihinsel kestirme yollar ile donatılmıştır.
geri kalanının tuzu azaltmaya teşvik edilmesine A) If we were to think about every action or weigh up
gerek yoktur. every decision, we would be paralysed, so thanks to
A) Consumption of too much salt leads to cardiovascular the human brain which has been endowed with mental
disease, but too little salt may have an equally harmful shortcuts, life is more manageable.
effect as well; hence, people suffering from high blood
pressure must be encouraged to reduce their salt B) Should we have to think about every action or weigh
intake, but the rest of the population need not to cut up every decision we make, we will be paralysed, but
back on salt. the human brain has been endowed with mental
shortcuts that make life easier to be managed.
B) Too much salt results in cardiovascular disease and
too little salt may also have an equally destructive C) If the human brain were not endowed with mental
effect, so salt intake should be reduced by people with shortcuts that make life more manageable, we would
high blood pressure, though for the rest of the be paralysed as we would have to think about every
population there is no need to cut back on salt. action or weigh up every decision.

C) Consuming too much salt promotes cardiovascular D) We do not have to think about every action or weigh
disease, but too little salt may have an equally up every decision, which would make us paralysed, as
detrimental effect as well; therefore, while people with the human brain has been endowed with mental
high blood pressure should reduce their salt intake, shortcuts that make life more easily managed.
the rest of the population do not need to be
encouraged to cut back on salt. E) If we had to think about every action or weigh up every
decision, we would be paralysed; therefore, the human
D) Consuming too much salt, which promotes brain has been endowed with mental shortcuts that
cardiovascular disease, has an equally detrimental make life more manageable.
effect as consuming too little salt; hence, people with
high blood pressure should consume less salt,
whereas the rest of the population do not need to cut
back on salt.

E) People with high blood pressure should reduce their

salt intake, but the rest of the population do not need
to cut back on salt because consuming too much salt
has an equally harmful effect as consuming too little
salt since they promote cardiovascular disease.

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43-46: Answer these questions according to the

passage below. 44. According to Edward Wasserman, ----.
A) pigeons can pick out the pharmaceutical capsules
which have differences in shape
A recent study suggests that pigeons may not be so
bird-brained after all. A team at the University of B) pigeons are unable to remember images when there
California has trained the birds to pick out cancerous are over 1,800 of them
breast tissue on mammograms. After two weeks of
training, using food as motivation, the pigeons were able C) letters help pigeons identify the difference between
to correctly identify cancerous tissue 85 per cent of the Monet and Picasso paintings
time. This is a level of accuracy similar to that of human
radiologists. "Research over the past 50 years has D) pigeons are quite good at imitating emotional
shown that pigeons can distinguish identities and expressions displayed on human faces
emotional expressions on human faces, letters of the
alphabet, misshapen pharmaceutical capsules and even E) the capacity of pigeons' visual memory is equal to
paintings by Monet vs Picasso," said co-author Edward human visual memory
Wasserman. "Their visual memory is equally impressive
with a proven recall of more than 1,800 images." Even
after years of training, physicians can sometimes
struggle to correctly interpret mammograms. The
process is also time-consuming, labour-intensive and
expensive. "Pigeons' sensitivity to diagnostically salient
features in medical images suggests that they can 45. It is clearly stated in the passage that the
provide reliable feedback on many variables at play in interpretation of mammograms ----.
the production, manipulation, and viewing of these A) provides unreliable feedback unless pigeons are
diagnostically crucial tools, and can assist researchers involved
and engineers as they continue to innovate," says the
lead reseacher Prof Richard Levenson. B) considers visual memory as the most critical aspect of
interpreting images

C) comes at a high cost both physically and

economically

43. It is understood from the passage that pigeons ----. D) requires a more extended training programme to
improve validity
A) were able to identify cancerous tissue on
mammograms even before the training E) now commonly uses pigeons to assist with the results
B) were motivated by food in the research as they were
accepted as bird-brained

C) were fed with food which resembled the cancerous

tissue on mammograms

D) reached a high percentage of accuracy in identifying 46. It can be inferred from the passage that pigeons ----.
cancerous tissue after being trained A) can be regarded as the most intelligent bird
species considering their success rate
E) were better than human radiologists in terms of
identifying cancerous tissue B) can accurately spot cancer on medical images,
so they are trained for many years

C) could be used in diagnosis of some diseases in the

future to reach correct interpretations

D) should be trained using food for motivation to achieve

a high accuracy level in tests

E) will definitely play a significant part in the future

training of physicians and radiologists

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47-50: Answer these questions according to the

passage below. 48. In which of the following does the age or period
correctly match the corresponding skill?
A) Pre-school children – almost no autonomy in caring
During the preschool period, hand-eye coordination oneself
progresses to the point of near independence at
self-care activities. A four-year-old is learning to handle B) Four-year olds – possible use of a spoon to eat
eating cutlery well and fasten even small buttons. independently
Four-year olds can also handle a pencil competently,
copy geometric shapes and letters, and use scissors. By C) Five-year olds – low to moderate competency in
the age of five, a child’s hand-eye coordination appears hand-eye coordination
quite advanced, although it will still continue to be
fine-tuned for several more years. He approaches, D) Six year olds – discernible pause in the improvement
grasps, and releases objects with precision and in visual orientation
accuracy. He may use the same toys as pre-schoolers,
but he manipulates them with greater skill and purpose E) Children beyond six years of age – lack of preciseness
and can complete a familiar jigsaw puzzle with lightning in hand-eye coordination
speed. An important milestone at this stage in learning
hand-eye coordination is the child’s ability to tie his own
shoelaces. At the age of six, a child’s visual orientation
changes somewhat. Children of this age and older shift
their gaze more frequently than younger children. They
also have a tendency to follow the progress of an object
rather than looking directly at it, a fact that has been 49. According to the passage, what does tying
linked to the practice of some six-year-olds using their shoelaces signify?
fingers to mark their places when they are reading. Even A) It shows that the child has obtained total
when absorbed in tasks, they look away frequently, independence in self-care.
although their hands remain active.
B) It is a major breakthrough in the process of acquiring
hand-eye coordination.

C) It is the ultimate achievement that the child can reach

in terms of hand-eye coordination.
47. The author clearly states that hand-eye coordination
----. D) By doing it, the child is able to demonstrate a clear
A) reaches its final level well before the child reaches the change in his/her visual orientation.
age of six
E) It represents the high speed at which pre-school
B) can hardly be seen in kids that are in the pre-school children could do some manual tasks.
period

C) is ultimately achieved when the child becomes much

younger than five

D) is apparent in four-year olds as they can use some

equipment well

E) is said to have been completed when the child does a

puzzle very fast

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50. Which of the following is the passage mainly

concerned with?
A) Phases of development in the acquisition of hand-eye
coordination as a key skill

B) Differences and similarities between motor

development of pre-school and school-age children

C) What kind of challenges different developmental

periods in childhood lead to

D) How pre-school children use their hands and fingers to

fulfil certain tasks

E) Hand-eye coordination as one of the easily acquired

skills for school-age children

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51-54: Answer these questions according to the

passage below. 52. According to the passage, ‘lucid dreaming’ ----.
A) is a type of dream in which dreamers recognise that
they are dreaming
Dreams defy the laws of physics, the principles of logic,
and personal morality, and may reflect fears, B) is apparently the most common type of dream that
frustrations, and personal desires. Often occurring in people have
story form with the dreamer as participant or observer,
dreams usually involve several characters, motion, and C) is a kind of dream in which dreamers are fully awake
may include sensations of taste, smell, hearing, or pain.
The content of dreams clearly reflects daytime activities, D) reveals more subconscious thoughts than common
even though these may be distorted to various degrees. dreams do
‘Lucid dreaming’, in which the sleeper is actually aware
of dreaming while the dream is taking place, is not E) is related with whether the dreamer is having a
uncommon. Although research has indicated that disturbing dream or not
everyone dreams during every night of normal sleep,
many people do not remember their dreams or they
recall only the last dream prior to awakening. However,
anything remembered might be useful as some
scientists, some of whom are dream analysts, maintain
that dreams contain the dreamer’s thoughts or feelings
not yet expressed or made conscious. On the other 53. Which of the following describes the scientific
hand, some others have attempted to discount the world’s perspective of dreams?
significance of dreams entirely. For example, one
hypothesis holds that dreaming is a simple and A) Scientists claim that dreams are important in exploring
unimportant by-product of random stimulation of brain human psychology even if they are simple
cells activated during REM sleep. Another dream theory by-products.
suggests that we dream to rid our brains of useless or B) Some scientists devalue dreams because people are
redundant information. unable to recollect what they have in their dreams.

C) Scientists are far from reaching a prevailing

consensus over the value of dreams in human life.

D) More scientists than analysts consider dreams as

51. Which of the following is a characteristic of something that can be used to understand people.
dreams?
A) Dreams rarely express everyday activities in a E) A good majority of scientists consider dreams as a
deformed manner. means for freeing our minds from undesirable content.

B) Dreamers are the participants in their dreams most of

the time.

C) Dreams comply with the general rules of physics, but

they counter moral values.
54. Which could be the best title for the passage?
D) Fears and disappointments may be a result of bad
dreams. A) The Incomprehensible World of Dreams

E) It is possible for dreamers to have some sensory B) The Use of Dreams in Psychoanalysis
experience while dreaming.
C) Common Forms of Dreams

D) The Effects of Dreaming in Daily Life

E) Intellectual Benefits of Having Dreams

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55-58: Answer these questions according to the

passage below. 56. According to the passage, the most commonly used
material in dairy processing equipment ----.
A) can help manufacturers of dairy foods produce tastier
Various equipment is used in the production and products
processing of milk and milk products, including milking
machines, cream separators, pasteurisers, B) is corrosion-proof, even in cases of prolonged contact
homogenisers, butter-making equipment, and related with corrosive agents
items of equipment. The equipment must be easy to
clean and designed to prevent contamination of the milk C) is a mixture of two different metals to increase
or milk products from dirt, oil, soluble metals, insects, durability
and other foreign materials. Stainless steel, an alloy of
chromium and steel, is widely used and is highly D) would still be highly resistant to corrosion if the oxide
satisfactory for direct contact with milk and other food layer were removed
products. If properly used, stainless steel does not affect
the flavour and is corrosion-resistant to food products. E) includes a protective layer that gets hardened when in
However, corrosion of stainless steel may be caused by contact with chlorine
prolonged contact with food or by removal of the
protective oxide layer, which must be maintained to
provide corrosion resistance. The layer is removed by
prolonged contact with chlorine. Stainless steel surfaces
must be cleaned regularly after use with detergent
solutions, and should be sanitised before use so that
excessive chlorine contact will be avoided. Most modern 57. Why is dairy processing equipment designed with
dairy equipment is designed to be cleaned in place, smooth surfaces?
without disassembly, by pumping detergents and
A) To make sure that all surface of the equipment is in
cleaning solutions through the entire system. Equipment
is specially designed to avoid pockets, to provide contact with chlorine
smooth surfaces to avoid build-up of the product on
B) To speed up the processing of milk and to produce
food-contact surfaces.
higher quality dairy products

C) To facilitate the process of disassembling the

equipment for further cleaning

D) To prevent the accumulation of dairy products on the

55. Which of the following is one main feature of surface of the equipment
dairy processing equipment?
E) To improve safety and to enable manufacturers to
A) Protecting dairy products from impurities
clean the equipment without removing the parts
B) Preventing detergent solutions from changing the taste
of the products

C) Avoiding prolonged contact of the equipment with milk

D) Easing the maintanence of the equipment 58. Which could be the best title for the passage?

E) Focusing on the production rather than the products A) How to Promote Manufactured Dairy Products

B) Cleanliness as the Main Criteria for Milking

C) Mass Production of Milk and Dairy Products

D) Common Causes of Contamination in Dairy Products

E) Main Features of the Equipment for Dairy Production

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59-62: Answer these questions according to the

passage below. 60. It can be understood from the passage that DNA
analysis of old bones ----.
A) provides a valuable insight only if the findings
Genetic testing of a 90,000-year-old sliver of bone from are compared to other sequenced genomes
a 13-year-old girl has provided clear evidence of
interbreeding between two distinct groups of early B) reveals a strong resemblance between the DNA of
humans, something reseachers had long suspected. Neanderthals and Denisovans
Earlier analysis of the girl’s mitochondrial DNA had
shown that her mother was of Neanderthal ancestry. In C) often includes mistakes and mix-ups
addition to the studies carried out before, the new
research, this time led by paleogeneticists at the Max D) had been done previously by other researchers
Planck Institute, examined her entire genome. They
then compared it to previously sequenced E) had never been attempted at the Max Planck Institute
paleogenomes, including those of other ancient
humans. The results were unambiguous – the girl’s DNA
matched Neanderthal and Denisovan genomes to an
equal degree. She had a Neanderthal mother and a
Denisovan father. “When I first saw this combined
ancestry, I got worried that I had made a mistake in the
lab, and that this was somehow a mix-up of two different 61. The initial attitude of Slon’s colleagues towards her
bones,” says Max Planck’s Viviane Slon. “It was only findings can be best described as ----.
after repeating the experiments several times, and
consistently seeing the same result, that I convinced A) neutral B) supportive
myself – and my colleagues – that the girl’s mixed
ancestry was real.” The team’s finding of a direct C) sceptical D) envious
offspring of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan implies that
individuals from the two groups mixed when they had E) indifferent
the opportunity to meet. “Taken together with evidence
that Neanderthals and Denisovans also mixed with
ancient modern humans,” says Slon, “this suggests that
different groups of humans have always mixed when
encountering each other.”

62. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn

based on the results indicated in the passage?
A) Interbreeding among different ethnic groups is not a
59. Which of the following is true of the genetic testing modern concept.
of the old bone mentioned in the passage?
B) It was previously inconceivable that early humans
A) This is the first time DNA testing was performed on an could interbreed.
old bone to identify interbreeding.
C) More research is needed to conclusively identify the
B) This is the oldest bone on which mitochondrial testing extent of early interbreeding.
has been done.
D) Irregularities in genetic purity in different ethnic groups
C) Previous genetic testing on it contradicted the one started in Neanderthal times.
done at the Max Planck Institute.
E) Researchers do not need to compare the entire
D) The findings of the recent research on it have genome to identify the extent of interbreeding.
confirmed a long-standing theory.

E) The research done at the Max Planck Institute was the

first one to involve paleogeneticists in a study to prove
interbreeding.

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63-67: For these questions, choose the best

64. Adam:
option to complete the dialogue.
 So anyway, I heard that the registration deadline
for summer school is fast approaching. You’d
better hurry up and register if you want to take
63. Daisy: that physics class you’ve been going on and on
 Thank you for your presentation about the about.
differences between the flu and cold, but I missed
the part about how their symptoms differ. Lara:
 ----
Presenter:
 Well, when you have a cold, the symptoms show Adam:
up primarily above your neck, but if it is the flu,  Wow, that sounds like a fantastic holiday,
you have the symptoms both above and below something I can only dream of.
your neck.
Lara:
Daisy:  Well, if you keep up your good grades like you
 ---- always have, I’m sure you’ll land a good job after
graduation and be able to travel wherever you
Presenter: want someday.
 Yes! When you have a cold, things get worse
slowly, but the flu hits you like a high-speed train. A) Thanks for keeping me on track, but I wish I could go
on holiday instead of going to summer school.
A) I see. Then, the best thing to do is to rest up when you
have a cold. B) Yeah, I will. Speaking of summer, did I tell you that
after summer school I’ve got a trip to China booked?
B) Alright, and you also mentioned some facts about their I’m finally going to climb The Great Wall.
severity.
C) Sure thing. I’m ready to get this physics class out of
C) So, we can say that the flu and cold have similar the way. By the way, did I mention my summer holiday
impacts. plans?

D) I need to get on that soon since I’ve wanted to take

D) I believe you also said that when we have the flu, we
this class for ages. So I will have some time to go on
have a terrible headache.
holiday this summer.
E) It’s not hard to imagine why so many people confuse E) Yep, it’s on my to-do list, but there are always so many
cold and the flu. things keeping me busy that I feel it’s high time for a
bit of rest and relaxation.

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65. Rob: 66. Kim:

 How lucky that they’ve found over 80 fossilised  Hey! Look at what I’ve just read. Did you know
dinosaur footprints that have survived for over that the game darts evolved in the 20th century
100 million years in England! from military training?

Sherry: Hailey:
 ----  Well, I don’t think that’s correct. Darts were in use
as early as the Middle Ages. Archers used these
Rob: heavily weighted hand arrows in close combat.
 Well, the animal has to step in a sediment that is
pliable enough to record their footprint, but not so Kim:
pliable that it gets washed away before being  How could you possibly know so much about
protected by another layer of fresh sediment. darts? I didn’t know you were a fan!

Sherry: Hailey:
 Is that so? Seems like a lot of luck is involved  ----
then.
A) Yes, that’s an incredibly rare find! Kim:
 Oh, now I know where that interest comes from.
B) What’s luck got to do with fossilisation? A) Everyone in England knows how darts became a big
pub sport about a hundred years ago.
C) What’s the significance of these footprints though?
B) I was reading a book about Anne Boleyn which has a
D) Wow! I wish I were lucky enough to discover them. long part explaining the origins of darts.

E) I didn’t know England has the type of sediment C) The traditional setting of darts are pubs and bars and
required for fossilisation. this has created several misconceptions about it,
concealing its origins in military training.
D) You need to read more history so you can know how
almost everything we modern people do already
existed in this or that form thousands of years ago.

E) The National Darts Association is planning to start a

campaign to educate the public about darts.

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68-71: For these questions, choose the best

67. Mr. Jackson:
rephrased form of the given sentence.
 The price of the innocent mistakes allowed by our
current software-based security is simply too
high.
68. Genuine laughter triggers the release of
Mrs. Swanson: mood-boosting endorphins, which leads to a higher
 ---- tolerance for pain.
A) Mood-enhancing endorphins are released only when
Mr. Jackson: people laugh heartily and thus they can tolerate pain
 Exactly. That’s why our networked world needs better.
better approaches to cybersecurity.
B) People can tolerate more pain if their mood is
Mrs. Swanson: enhanced by endorphins, which cause hearty laughter.
 Yeah. Just patching the software after a
cyberattack, and hoping for the best is not good C) If people want to enhance their mood, they should
enough. laugh heartily and tolerate pain better, which helps
them release endorphins.
A) Right. This sort of restructuring is likely to be a
sensible solution to our cybersecurity problems. D) To be able to laugh heartily by releasing endorphins
that enhance their mood, people have to tolerate pain
B) I couldn’t agree more. As critical infrastructure better.
becomes more and more interconnected, we create
more points of vulnerability that can be exploited. E) When people laugh heartily, their bodies release
endorphins that enhance their mood, and they can
C) Data fraud and cyberattacks, however, are listed in its tolerate pain better.
top five most likely global risks by the World Economic
Forum.
D) To be honest, software programmers who have many
effective ways of protecting a networked society are
the best way of dealing with this problem.

E) Fortunately, the risk of exposing sensitive personal

data has dramatically decreased recently thanks to
software innovations. 69. Some aspects of juvenile animal behaviour are
precursors to adult animal behaviour, while others
are vital for the survival of the young animal.
A) Because certain features of juvenile animal behaviour
are essential to the survival of the young animal, adult
animal behaviour is presupposed by others.
B) Though some sides of juvenile animal behaviour are
crucial to the survival of a young animal, other aspects
predetermine adult animal behaviour.

C) Even though some characteristics of juvenile animal

behaviour give an example of adult animal behaviour,
others are vital to the young animals that survive.

D) While a few aspects of juvenile animal behaviour give

us a preview of adult animal behaviour, others show
us which young animals will survive.
E) Although certain features of juvenile animal
behaviour predict adult animal behaviour, others
determine the likelihood of a young animal surviving.

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70. According to a study, 74% of photos we snap on our 71. Although there are no known side effects
mobile phones are never looked at again, with associated with recommended dosages of saffron
selfies being the most easily forgotten shots. preparations in healthy individuals, people with
A) Research suggests that it is easy to forget that we chronic medical conditions should consult with
have taken a selfie and 74% of such photos are taken their healthcare professional before taking the herb.
with our mobile phones. A) If saffron preparations are consumed in sufficient
amounts by healthy individuals and provide only
B) A study suggests that 74% of photos we take using
benefits, then, it goes without saying that patients with
our mobile phones consist of selfies that are not
chronic medical conditions can safely take them after
viewed again, which makes us forget them easily.
consulting their healthcare specialist.
C) It was revealed by a research study that we easily
forget to take a look again at 74% of photos we take B) It is advisable for individuals with chronic medical
with our mobile phones and selfies are some of them. conditions to see their healthcare specialist prior to
taking saffron treatments despite there being no side
D) A study finding pointed out that selfies are among 74% effects in healthy people when taking the herb in
of photos we take which we easily forget to look at suggested amounts.
again on our mobile phones.
C) While little is known about the dangers for healthy
E) A study revealed that 74% of photos taken with our individuals taking saffron preparations, it is certain that
mobile phones are not viewed again, including selfies, people with chronic medical conditions should
which are the shots that we forget the most easily. approach their healthcare professional before
consuming the herb.

D) Since healthy individuals can freely take saffron

preparations, patients with chronic medical illnesses
can, after seeing their healthcare professional, take
the herb in recommended dosages.

E) Regardless of how much saffron an individual with a

chronic medical condition can take after consulting
their healthcare specialist, a healthy person has to
take only the recommended amounts of the herb to
avoid any side effects.

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72-75: For these questions, choose the best

option to complete the missing part of the 73. Thousands of individual parts make up the modern
passage. automobile. Much like the human body, these parts
are arranged into several semi-independent
systems, each with a different function. ---- The
72. The decline of England’s wild bees has been linked automobile contains similar circulatory systems to
for the first time to the use of neonicotinoid cool the engine using fluid (mostly water) and to
pesticides on oilseed rape farms. ---- But recently, circulate oil and fuel within the system. The engine
Ben Woodcock at the Centre for Ecology and ─ the ‘heart’ of the automobile ─ is comprised of
Hydrology in Wallingford, UK, and his colleagues pistons, cylinders, tubes to deliver fuel to the
have studied data on 62 bee species from 31,800 cylinders, and other components. Each system is
surveys across more than 4,000 square kilometres necessary for making the automobile run and
of land. They have found that populations across all reducing noise and pollution.
species declined by average of 7 percent after 2002,
A) For example, our circulatory system comprises the
when farmers started widely using neonicotinoids heart, blood vessels, and blood.
on oilseed rape, and species that feed on rapeseed
were hit three times as hard as those that do not. B) The major systems of an automobile include the
A) Researchers have concluded that many other factors engine, fuel system, transmission, and electrical
affect bee-to-bee communication, such as climate system.
change and disease.
C) When an automobile is designed, the arrangement
B) These pesticides do not only contribute to the decline and type of components depend on various factors.
in the number of wild bee species, but they also hurt
their ability to reproduce. D) Furthermore, the dependence on petroleum fuel of
automobiles leads to power struggles and thus
C) The effects such pesticides have on bees have been influences global politics.
documented before, but there was no strong evidence
focusing particularly on neonicotinoid pesticides. E) Automobiles have given great freedom of movement
as well as comfort to their owners.
D) Studies done on wild bees that eat plants with
neonicotinoid pesticides have not yielded reliable
results, so researchers now look for different reasons
for bee decline.

E) In February 2018, the European Union approved the

ban on neonicotinoid pesticides in an effort to protect
bees and other valuable pollinator insects.

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74. As elephants walk through the forest or savanna, 75. Cities are dense with impermeable sidewalks and
they leave big footprints behind them. These marks streets, so the concrete jungle does not exactly
then fill with water, creating microhabitats for other absorb excess water during storms. The result:
forms of life. Researchers at Germany’s University destructive flash floods. To help, a Danish
of Koblenz-Landau analysed the contents of 30 architectural firm has developed a tile-based
footprints in Uganda. They found at least 61 different modular paving system that collects and distributes
micro-invertebrate species, including mites. ---- rainwater. ---- The system captures water from roofs,
Nevertheless, the study adds to a body of research streets, and parking lots, and delivers it to nearby
suggesting that elephants play vital roles in their permeable landscapes – such as garden boxes or
ecosystems. park spaces – where it can be absorbed. The firm
A) Researchers also think that this study serves as one has already given a few Copenhagen sidewalks a
more reminder of what we could lose if the illegal face-lift this year to test out the tiles. But even
hunting crisis in Africa continues. before that experiment is finished, Toronto and
several other cities have put in requests for the
B) Because elephants weigh upward of 6,000 kilograms, rain-draining material.
they make quite an impression with their giant A) Since permable pavements come in different
footprints.
forms, urban planners in other countries prefer to
C) Thanks to this study, researchers have proven use a type of porous asphalt to absorb storm run-off.
without doubt that elephant footprints teem with life. B) Plants could be considered a necessity since they
offer many perks to cities including shade, beauty, and
D) This work is in its early stage and more needs to be
habitat for wildlife.
done to understand how heavily the tiny species rely
on these footprint worlds. C) These tiles resemble a normal paved surface but have
small holes in them that funnel storm run-off into
E) The most common species found in these footprints horizontally connected channels.
were mayflies, backswimmers, leeches and
gastropods. D) Roads, sidewalks, and terraces connect people but
are often also impermeable to rain or flood waters.

E) One concern environmentalists have is preventing

storm run-off from mixing with everyday pollutants like
fertiliser and sewage.

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76-80: For these questions, choose the irrelevant

78. (I) Some people believe that we are a long way away
sentence in the passage.
from robots or instruments with artificial intelligence
replicating our human intelligence processes and
expanding beyond them without human support. (II) A
76. (I) Radar and its laser counterpart lidar can detect few years before his death, Stephen Hawking, the noted
out-of-sight objects. (II) But haze, rain, smoke and dust cosmologist and science populariser, warned that
throw these tools off by scattering light and radio waves. artificial intelligence, fully developed, “could spell the
(III) By using statistical analysis and modeling, end of the human race.” (III) Elon Musk, a private
researchers reconstruct objects in 3-D. (IV) Now optics investor in space travel, has issued similar warnings
researchers at the University of Central Florida have lately. (IV) What both men were concerned about when
taken advantage of this property to track a moving they expressed their ideas is the military applications of
object hidden by a simulated fog. (V) By analysing subtle artificial intelligence. (V) Although, so far, there are not
changes that an object creates in a pattern of scattered high levels of military spending to further advance
light, the researchers can instantly obtain the object’s artificial intelligence, it might be assumed that the actual
direction and speed. spending could be obscured due to security concerns.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

79. (I) Nobody knows exactly where music came from

77. (I) Current research indicates that there has been an
because there are no written records. (II) A good guess
increase in references to health and weight loss in
would be that thousands of years ago, primitive peoples
food advertisements. (II) Food advertisers use a range
used music in much the same way as we use it now: to
of well-known figures who enjoy widespread recognition
communicate, to pass time while working, to express joy
to act as spokespeople for a product and recommend it
or sadness, or to mark a special occasion. (III) Flutes
to the public. (III) Especially after 1920, advertisers were
were among the earliest instruments to be found in all
aware of the relationship between popular culture idols
parts of the world. (IV) The first instrument was the one
and their audiences. (IV) Such important early figures
every person is born with—the body. (V) We have
included movie stars and popular entertainers. (V) The
voices to sing and shout with, hands to clap, and feet to
list was later extended to include television stars and
stamp and this is enough to create melody and rhythm,
individuals from occupations such as politics, sports, the
the two basic elements of music.
arts, and business.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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80. (I) The naming of constellations dates back to ancient

civilisations. (II) In 140 AD the ancient Greek astronomer
Claudius Ptolemy catalogued and named 48
constellations visible from Alexandria, Egypt. (III) All but
one of those 48, Argo Navis (Argonauts’ Ship), which
was subdivided in the 1750s into four separate
constellations, are still included in present-day star
catalogues. (IV) Stars, nebulae, or galaxies in the same
constellation may or may not have anything in common.
(V) Many new constellations were named in later
centuries, mostly in previously uncharted parts of the
sky in the Southern Hemisphere and those with
originally Greek names were later changed with Latin
equivalents by which they are still known today.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

END OF THE TEST

  24
CHECK YOUR ANSWERS
 

OSYM001
 2019 YABANCI DİL BİLGİSİ SEVİYE TESPİT SINAVI - 3

2019 - YDS/3

01-12-2019

TEST OF ENGLISH TEST OF ENGLISH

1. A 48. B
2. C 49. B
3. A 50. A
4. B 51. E
5. C 52. A
6. D 53. C
7. B 54. A
8. E 55. A
9. C 56. C
10. D 57. D
11. B 58. E
12. B 59. D
13. C 60. D
14. B 61. C
15. C 62. A
16. B 63. B
17. D 64. B
18. E 65. B
19. A 66. B
20. E 67. B
21. D 68. E
22. B 69. B
23. D 70. E
24. E 71. B
25. A 72. C
26. C 73. A
27. B 74. D
28. C 75. C
29. D 76. C
30. D 77. A
31. C 78. A
32. D 79. C
33. D 80. D
34. C
35. C
36. D
37. D
38. B
39. D
40. D
41. C
42. E
43. D
 
44. A
45. C
46. C
47. D